Progress Report

Home , Austrian Armed Forces, Erich Schmid (physicist), Franz Lackner, Johann Radon, Lichtenstein Cave, Prinz Eugen (train)

Progress Report

2008–2009 We owe special thanks to the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for its financial support for numerous projects of the research facilities of the Austrian Academy of Sciences

Table of contents Preface ...... 5 RESEARCH FACILITIES OF THE SECTION FOR MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Biology and Medicine CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH ...... 11 Breath Research Institute ...... 14 GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology ...... 18 IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH ...... 22 Institute for Biomedical Aging Research ...... 26 Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research ...... 30 Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology ...... 34 Earth Sciences Institute for Geographic Information Science ...... 37 Center for Geosciences ...... 40 Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria ...... 42 Commission for Geophysical Research ...... 45 Commission for Quaternary Research ...... 48 Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials ...... 51 Mathematics, Simulation and Metrology Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems ...... 55 Acoustics Research Institute ...... 58 Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics ...... 61 Commission for Scientific Visualization ...... 65 Physics and Materials Sciences Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science ...... 68 Institute of High Energy Physics ...... 71 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information ...... 74 Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic...... 77 Environmental Research Institute for Limnology ...... 80 Institute of Technology Assessment ...... 83 Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies ...... 86 Space Research Space Research Institute ...... 89 Commission for Astronomy ...... 92 Interdepartmental Research Tasks Commission for Scientific Co-operation with the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports ...... 94 Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine ...... 96 RESEARCH FACILITIES OF THE SECTION FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Centre for Ancient World Studies (CAWS) Commission for Egypt and the Levant ...... 101 Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition ...... 104 Commission for the History of Ancient Law ...... 107 Commission for Editing the Corpus of the Latin Church Fathers ...... 110 Asia Minor Commission ...... 113 Institute for the Studies of Ancient Culture ...... 116 Commission for Mycenaean Studies ...... 119 Numismatic Commission ...... 122 Prehistoric Commission ...... 125 Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology (CSACSA) Institute for Iranian Studies ...... 129 4 Table of contents

Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia ...... 132 Institute for Social Anthropology ...... 135 Centre for Cultural Research (CCR) AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus ...... 138 Commission for the Edition of a Text Dictionary of „Die Fackel“ (Fackellex) ...... 141 Institute of Culture Studies and History of the Theatre ...... 143 Commission for the History of Art ...... 145 Commission for Music Research ...... 148 Centre for Medieval Studies (CMS) Institute for Byzantine Studies ...... 151 Institute for Medieval Research ...... 154 Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture ...... 157 Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria ...... 161 Centre for Research on Modern and Contemporary History (CMC) Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy ...... 164 Historical Commission ...... 168 Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation ...... 171 Commission for Austrian Legal History ...... 174 Social Sciences Research Centre (SSRC) Vienna Institute of Demography ...... 177 Institute for European Integration Research ...... 180 Institute for European Tort Law ...... 183 Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment ...... 185 Commission for Migration and Integration Research ...... 188 Institute for Urban and Regional Research ...... 190 Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies ...... 192 Centre for Linguistics and Audiovisual Documentation (LAVD) Commission for Balkan-Studies ...... 195 Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research ...... 198 Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names ...... 201 Phonogrammarchiv ...... 204 CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION UNITS Presidential Office ...... 211 Public Relations ...... 213 International Relations ...... 215 Information Management ...... 217 Fellowships and Awards ...... 218 Facility Management ...... 220 Event Management ...... 222 Office of the Secretary General ...... 224 Office of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences ...... 229 Accounting Office ...... 227 Human Resources ...... 228 Office for Legal Affairs ...... 230 Office of the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences ...... 231 Subsidiaries ...... 232 Information Technology Services (ITS) ...... 233 Internal Audit ...... 235 Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs- und Instandhaltungs-GmbH ...... 236 Library and Archive ...... 237 National and International Research Programmes ...... 240 Austrian Academy of Sciences Press and Repository ...... 244 5

Preface

The Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) is the represented at the universities, long-term projects, a leading autonomous non-university research perfor- strong involvement in international major research and ming organisation in Austria. Its research units apply the strengthening of expertise already present in the the highest scientific quality standards to their activi- country. A new form of basic research unit is that adop- ties in the field of innovatory application-open basic ted by those institutes that are limited liability compa- research. The Academy provides an impetus by pursu- nies. They are more independent and at the same time ing new research directions, taking up research specia- can cooperate with business more easily. However, they lisations that cannot be pursued by universities and other also bear a greater degree of individual responsibility. research institutions, consolidating its existing scientific strengths, undertaking even risky research pro- The merger of smaller units to create scientific centres jects, exercising highly specialised research functions with scientific advisory boards has largely proved to be to maintain the cultural heritage and contributing to advantageous, as demonstrated by numerous projects, scientific careers by providing top quality training conferences and publications by the centres during the posts for young researchers. In addition, the Academy period under review. The first evaluations of various encourages young scientists in many respects, inclu- research units carried out under the auspices of the ding by awarding scholarships. Research Board of Trustees have been commenced.

The Academy fulfils additional functions by dissemina- The reorganisation of the Academy that entered into ting scientific knowledge to the public, by representing effect in 2008 was the beginning of a comprehensive the interests of science to society, by issuing comments structural reform that was adopted by the General Mee- on questions concerning science, research and research ting in June 2010 and is now being implemented. With policies and by preparing scientific expertises. these measures, the Academy is reacting to the huge increase in its duties in the last few years within its various The Academy’s research units map a wide range of the research-promoting functions. research landscape in Austria. They comprise technical sciences, biology, medicine and environment, physics, The present Progress Report for 2008 and 2009 space research, earth sciences, mathematics, social sci- presents an insight into the variety of the Academy’s ences, linguistics and literature studies, cultural studies, research and publication activities and is also historical studies and law. However, as already empha- intended to serve the public as evidence of the sised in the preceding progress report, it is not possi- Academy’s accomplishments. ble for the Academy of Sciences to fully cover all the sub-disciplines of science. Accordingly, additional criteria play an important role when a unit is to Prof. Dr. Helmut Denk Prof. Dr. Sigrid Jalkotzy-Deger be set up, such as complementarity to the subjects President Vice President 6 7

The Austrian Academy of Sciences is a learned society, next generation of researchers. The institutes belonging a research-performing organisation, an institution that to the Academy are undergoing a process of transfor- promotes young researchers and a purveyor of know- mation, a process which will have an effect on everyone ledge. As a research-performing organisation it car- participating in the research and innovations system, ries out basic research at the highest level. Through its and which will increase both their level of achievement scholarship programme the OeAW makes a sustainable and their capacity for networking. contribution to the career development of young researchers. As a purveyor of knowledge it is a hub for the The reinforcement of excellent research driven by a desi- exchange and discussion of scientific knowledge. re to increase knowledge should result in long-term, sustainable economic growth and have a positive The Activity Report for 2008 and 2009 provides an in- effect on the national economy as a whole. Furthermore, sight into the many activities and achievements of the it will contribute to the development of our culture in Academy and provides public evidence of the success general. Progress made in scientific research has a value enjoyed by the OeAW. 2006 saw the start of a reform of of its own, since by increasing reflective capabilities it the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the aim of which is to strengthens society’s cultural development. enable it to better fulfil its role as a research-performing organisation in the future. I wish the Academy and its employees the same success in future years as in the past two. The scientific system constitutes the most important node in the network of innovation, because it organises Dr. Beatrix Karl both the creation of knowledge and the training of the Federal Minister of Science and Research

Research Facilities of the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Biology and Medicine

CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH

Head: Giulio Superti-Furga

Aims and Functions innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. CeMM, the Research Center for Molecular Medicine These systems-biology techniques encompass modern of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, uses post-geno- post-genomic methods including proteomics, chemi- mic molecular technologies and systems-level approa- cal biology, biological-chip technologies and bioinfor- ches intersected with medical and clinical needs to matics. CeMM provides access to these technologies identify novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. to the biomedical community via research coopera- At the core of CeMM’s mission is the drive towards a tion and is a training and teaching center for a new more personalized, targeted and safe medicine. generation of researchers in molecular medicine.

As knowledge of human and biological processes is Results for 2008–2009 expanding exponentially, and while the scope for me- At the beginning of 2005, Giulio Superti-Furga took dical breakthroughs is potentially enormous, the costs over the scientific leadership of CeMM. Besides the in terms of developing clinical treatments can also Director’s group, CeMM consists of 5 Principal In- be prohibitive and this poses difficult moral issues vestigators, namely Denise Barlow, Christoph Bin- for society. The challenge is to produce better treat- der, Sylvia Knapp, Robert Kralovics and Sebastian ments that are both effective and sufficiently econo- Nijman. One of the organizational milestones in mically viable such that they can be made available to 2009 was the successful international recruitment of everyone. Though this is beyond the scope of any two additional PIs to complement and strengthen the single research institute, CeMM was founded by the current faculty. Kaan Boztug, MD/geneticist, wor- Austrian Academy of Sciences in an attempt to ac- king on innate deficiencies of the immune system, celerate this process and, together with the Medical and Olaf Gross, PhD, working on innate immunity University of Vienna (MUV) and the General Hospital from a cell- and systems-biology point of view, will of Vienna (AKH), to play an active and major role in both start at CeMM at the beginning of 2011. the Austrian biomedical research area. To better serve its mission, CeMM is constructing a new purpose-built In the last two years, CeMM members have been research centre located in the heart of the AKH cam- very successful, receiving many third-party funds and pus. The close cooperation with the Medical University awards. A short overview in chronological order: and the AKH offers a unique opportunity to contribu- t Robert Kralovics won the New Investigator Grant te to significant research findings. When scientists and of the American MPD (Myeloproliferative Disor- medical doctors work hand-in-hand, the clinical chal- ders) Foundation lenges can be solved and the vision of patient-oriented t Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy, Knight medicine can be achieved. Officer, awarded to Giulio Superti-Furga in recognition of his achievements as outstanding The research interests of CeMM focus on cancer, representative in the scientific and academic inflammation and immune disorders. At CeMM, the field of Austria mode-of-action of pathologically-relevant proteins t Jacques Colinge, Head of Bioinformatics, is sub- and novel or existing drugs is determined. Pathologica l project leader in the GEN-AU project BIN III processes are linked via an interdisciplinary systems- (Bioinformatics Integration Networks) coordina- biology strategy and implemented into alternative and ted by the Graz University of Technology 12 CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH t Giulio Superti-Furga and Keiryn Bennett, Head Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University of Mass Spectrometry, are subproject leaders in the Hospital, CH) GEN-AU project APP III (Austrian Proteomics t Prof. Dr. David Livingston (Deputy Director, Da- Platform) coordinated by the Medical University of na-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA), Innsbruck chair of the SAB t Giulio Superti-Furga is coordinator of the t Prof. Dr. William E. Paul (Chief, Laboratory of GEN-AU project PLACEBO (Platform Austria for Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Chemical Biology) Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, USA) t Christoph Binder appointed as Junior Profes- t Prof. Dr. Hidde Ploegh (Member, Whitehead Ins- sor for Atherosclerosis Research at the Medical titute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA) University of Vienna t Prof. Dr. Nadia Rosenthal (Head, EMBL-Euro- t Willhelm-Türk-Award of the Austrian Society for He- pean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monteroton- matology and Oncology awarded to Damla Olcaydu, do Outstation, Rome, I) Medical Doctor and Pre Doctoral Fellow at CeMM t Prof. Dr. Louis M. Staudt (Head, Molecular Bio- for her publication “A common JAK2 haplotype con- logy of Lymphoid Malignancies Section, National fers susceptibility to myeloproliferative neoplasms” Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, t Sebastian Nijman won a grant financed by the Bethesda, USA) Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) t Dame Prof. Dr. Janet Thornton (Director, and a second one funded by the Austrian Science European Bioinformatics Institute in Cambridge, Fund (FWF) on his research topic “Searching for UK, Group Leader, EMBL-European Molecu- Cancer’s Achilles’ Heels” lar Biology Laboratory, Hinxton Outstation, t “Wiener Zukunftspreis 2009” of the City of Vien- Cambridge, UK). na awarded to Sebastian Nijman in the category “Newcomer & Start-ups” Bibliography t Giulio Superti-Furga was awarded the Karl In 2008 and 2009, we have seen the fruits of the first Landsteiner-Prize by the Austrian Society of years’ investments. Particularly the publication of Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI) for the paper several medical-oriented papers in high impact “An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identi- journals reflects the potential of the collaborations bet- fies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the ween CeMM and clinical departments of the MUV. inflammasome”, published in Nature Immuno- logy and the most highly cited basic medical re- Here are some examples: search paper authored in Austria in so far t Global target profile of the kinase inhibitor bosu- t ERC Advanced Investigator Grant awarded to tinib in primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Giulio Superti-Furga. With the €2m support, Remsing Rix LL, Rix U, Colinge J, Hantschel O, Giulio Superti-Furga and his team will study the Bennett KL, Stranzl T, Müller A, Baumgartner body’s immediate reaction to infections within C, Valent P, Augustin M, Till JH, Superti-Fur- the overall CeMM goal of bridging basic molecu- ga G. Leukemia. 2009 Mar;23(3):477-85. Epub lar biology and applied medicine. The project will 2008 Nov 27. start in spring 2010. (Fig. 1). t A common JAK2 haplotype confers susceptibility to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Olcaydu D, In strategic and scientific questions, CeMM is advised Harutyunyan A, Jäger R, Berg T, Gisslinger B, by a Scientific Advisory Board of world-recognized, Pabinger I, Gisslinger H, Kralovics R. Nat Genet. international researchers: 2009 Apr;41(4):450-4. Epub 2009 Mar 15. t Prof. Dr. Richard Flavell (Chairman, Section of t Oxidation-specific epitopes are dominant tar- Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medi- gets of innate natural antibodies in mice and hu- cine, New Haven, USA) mans. Chou MY, Fogelstrand L, Hartvigsen K, t Prof. Dr. James D. Griffin (Chair, Department of Hansen LF, Woelkers D, Shaw PX, Choi J, Perk- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, mann T, Bäckhed F, Miller YI, Hörkkö S, Corr Boston, USA) M, Witztum JL, Binder CJ. J Clin Invest. 2009 t Prof. Dr. Carl-Henrik Heldin (Director, Ludwig In- May;119(5):1335-49. Epub 2009 Apr 13. stitute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE) t TREM-1 activation alters the dynamics of pul- t Prof. Dr. Denis Hochstrasser (Head, Central monary IRAK-M expression in vivo and improves CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH 13

Fig. 1: ERC Grant i-Five Approach: Interferon-focused Innate Immunity, Interactome & Inhibitome The proposed integrative proteomic approach aspires to derive a functionally-annotated map of the molecular machinery involved in viral re- !!"#- `%O###( )(###- standing of the interferon branch of molecular innate immunity.

host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia. use it to implement the development of innovative the- Lagler H, Sharif O, Haslinger I, Matt U, Stich rapeutic and diagnostic strategies (from the clinic to the K, Furtner T, Doninger B, Schmid K, Gattrin- clinic), it is important to foster existing collaborations ger R, de Vos AF, Knapp S. J Immunol. 2009 Aug and to start new projects. With a new research facility 1;183(3):2027-36. Epub 2009 Jul 13. situated in the heart of the AKH and MUV campus, the logistical advantage is an inherent part of CeMM‘s As it is one of the major goals of CeMM to combine opportunity and mandate to be successful in a field insight obtained from basic and clinical research and to where the clinical and scientific worlds meet. 14

Breath Research Institute

Head: Anton Amann

Aims and functions Results for 2008–2009 The Breath Research Institute of the Austrian Academy The analytical methods used at the institute allow a of Sciences is located in Dornbirn (Vorarlberg). It is an broad portfolio of applications: internationally oriented research center focusing on vola- t Exhaled breath analysis for medical diagnosis and tile compounds in exhaled breath, saliva, urine or sweat. therapeutic monitoring Analysis of exhaled breath is non-invasive, and therefo- t Real-time analysis of exhaled breath with ac- re well accepted by patients of every age. companying simulation of lung mechanics and hemodynamics The analytical repertoire used at the institute allows t Analysis of urine headspace detection of compounds at very low concentrations: t Search for entrapped persons based on compounds 1 part of a compound in 109 parts of air (1 part-per- released by breath, urine and sweat billion, 1 ppb). This corresponds to 1 cubic millimeter t Analysis of headspace of bacterial cultures as well in 1 cubic meter. Surprisingly, many different volati- as human cell cultures le compounds are observed in exhaled breath at this t Use of isotopically labelled precursor compounds concentration level. An example is isoprene, a hy- for personalized medicine. drocarbon, which is produced by plants as well as t Most prominent among the conducted projects mammals. In humans, it is produced as a by-product of were two EU-projects: the cholesterol synthesis. A typical concentration of iso- t The EU-project BA MOD (6th framework), dealing prene in exhaled breath of humans is around 100 ppb. with exhaled breath analysis of patients suffering Apart from volatiles from patients and volunteers, the from lung cancer and oesophageal cancer. institute also has an area of research dealing with in t The EU-project “Second Generation Locator for vitro investigations of volatiles released by bacteria or Urban Search and Rescue Operations” (SGL for cell lines. This gives complementary information, and USaR, 7th framework), investigating strategies may be used to elucidate metabolic pathways and bio- to detect entrapped persons after major disasters chemical origins of volatile compounds. (e.g. earthquakes, explosions or terror attacks). Volatiles in exhaled breath are sometimes compounds A related project for gas-analytical search operations which are produced during enzymatic detoxification of using proton tra nsfer reaction ma ss spectrometr y a nd other compounds by, e.g., cytochromes P450. The con- ion mobility spectrometry was funded by the Aust- centration pattern of volatiles in exhaled breath therefore rian Agency for Research and Development (FFG). is in part related to the activity spectrum of cytochrome P450 enzymes. In particular, inactivity of such enzymes The BAMOD lung cancer study was conducted in in- due to genetic polymorphisms may have a considerable tensive cooperation with Prof. Jochen Schubert’s Breath effect. Therefore the Breath Research Institute will build Research Group at the University of Rostock. In this up a research focus on “personalized medicine” which study we could not identify one particular molecular includes genetic information. The latter is complemen- species characteristic for lung cancer, but defined a panel tary to information on the phenotype as exemplified by of about 40 compounds, which arise in exhaled breath of the concentration pattern in exhaled breath. This focus lung cancer patients with increased probability or with on “personalized medicine” will also include research on increased concentration when compared to healthy vo- 13C-labelled compounds for non-invasive breath tests. lunteers (see Bajtarevic et al., BMC Cancer 9, see Fig. 1). Breath Research Institute 15

*+/#0(00+0+/8 (#(9%#9;//<+"=>

In the field of urban search and rescue operations, An additional focus of research concerned the real- a major focus was laid on compounds released from time measurement of concentrations of isoprene and breath and urine and the investigation of their sprea- acetone in exhaled breath (see King et al., J Breath ding through different debris materials (see Fig. 2). Res 3, see Fig. 3) of volunteers under an ergometer challenge. Apart from exhaled breath, medical para- Another focus of research was the investigation of meters like the ECG, cardiac output and blood pressu- headspace of bacteria and human cell lines, the latter re were also recorded in these experiments. Isoprene is with a particular focus on lung cancer. appearing in breath in a relatively high concentration of ~100 parts-per-billion (ppb). We could demonstra- t We investigated the lung cancer cell lines NCI- te that even a small ergometer challenge (e.g. of 75 W) H2087, NCI-H1666, CALU-1 and A549 com- leads to a huge increase of isoprene concentration in paring them with healthy primary human breath by a factor of ~4. This increase in concentra- bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) and human fib- tion (from ~100 ppb to ~400 ppb) starts within a few roblasts (hFB). First results have been published in seconds and therefore is not expected to reflect a change Sponring et al. (Anticancer Res 29) and Filipiak in the metabolic synthesis rate of isoprene. Acetone et al. (Cancer Cell Int 8; Cancer Epidemiology shows a behavior which is entirely different from isop- Biomarkers and Prevention 19: 182). rene with no pronounced increase during an ergome- t Investigation of bacteria arising in ventilator- ter challenge (but similarities to the behavior of etha- associated pneumonia was started in a project nol). The observations in ergometer experiments were funded by the Austrian Agency for Research and corroborated by real-time analysis of exhaled breath in Development (FFG). the sleep laboratory. Since isoprene is a by-product of 16 Breath Research Institute

*+*(#((( ?0 cholesterol biosynthesis, such experiments and the t Buszewski, B., J. Nowaczyk, T. Ligor, P. Olszowsky, accompanying mathematical simulations of lung M. Ligor, B. Wasiniak, W. Miekisch, J. K. Schubert, mechanics and hemodynamics have potential for A. Amann: Preparation and characterization of mi- future therapeutic monitoring during operations or in croporous fibers for sample preparation and LC-MS an intensive care unit. Additional projects dealt with the determination of drugs. J. Separation Sci., 32, 2448- monitoring of valproic acid therapy or with breath analy- 2454, 2009; doi: 10.1002/jssc.200900094. sis of drug addicts. t Ligor, M., T. Ligor, A. Bajtarevic, C. Ager, M. Pi- Last but not least it is a central interest of the Breath enz, M. Klieber, H. Denz, M. Fiegl, W. Hilbe, W. Research Institute to contribute to the further Weiss, P. Lukas, H. Jamnig, M. Hackl, B. Buszew- development of the “Journal of Breath Research” ski, M. Miekisch, J. Schubert, A. Amann: Determi- (JBR), which is published by the Institute of Phy- nation of volatile organic compounds appearing in sics (IOP, Bristol, UK). The director of the Breath exhaled breath of lung cancer patients by solid pha- Research Institute is also Editor-in-Chief of the Journal se microextraction and gas chromatography mass of Breath Research, together with his colleague Prof. spectrometry. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 47, 550-560, Mel Rosenberg from Tel Aviv. 2009; doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2009.133. t Sponring, A., W. Filipiak, T. Mikoviny, C. Ager, J. Bibliography Schubert, W. Miekisch, A. Amann, J. Troppmair: t Bajtarevic, A., C. Ager, M. Pienz, M. Klieber, Release of volatile organic compounds from the K. Schwarz, M. Ligor, T. Ligor, W. Filipiak, H. lung cancer cell line NCI-H2087 in vitro. Antican- Denz, M. Fiegl, W. Hilbe, W. Weiss, P. Lukas, H. cer Res., 29, 419-426, 2009. Jamnig, M. Hackl, A. Haidenberger, B. Buszew- t Mochalski, P., B. Wzorek, I. Sliwka, A. Amann: ski, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, A. Amann: No- Improved pre-concentration and detection me- ninvasive detection of lung cancer by analysis of thods for volatile sulphur breath constituents. exhaled breath. BMC Cancer, 9, 348, 16 p., 2009; J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 1856-1866, 2009; doi: doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-348. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.010. Breath Research Institute 17 t King, J., A. Kupferthaler, K. Unterkofler, H. Koc, the lung cancer cell line C A LU-1 in vitro. Cancer Cell S. Teschl, G. Teschl, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, Int., 8, 17, 11 p., 2008; doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-8-17. H. Hinterhuber, A. Amann: Isoprene and acetone t Eisenmann, A., A. Amann, M. Said, B. Dat- concentration profiles during exercise at an ergo- ta, M. Ledochowski: Implementation and in- meter. J. Breath Res., 3, 027006, 16 p., 2009; doi: terpretation of hydrogen breath tests. J. Breath 10.1088/1752-7155/3/2/027006. Res., 2, 046002, 9 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1752- t Mochalski, P., B. Wzorek, I. Sliwka, A. Amann: 7155/2/4/046002. Suitability of different polymer bags for storage of t Krkošová, Ž., R. Kubinec, L. Soják, and A. Amann: volatile sulphur compounds relevant to breath ana- Temperature – programmed GC linear retention in-

lysis. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 189-196, 2009; doi: dices of all C4 – C30 monomethylalkanes on methyl- 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.003. silicone OV – 1 stationary phase. A contribution t Filipiak, W., A. Sponring, T. Mikoviny, C. Ager, J. towards a better understanding of volatile organic Schubert, W. Miekisch, A. Amann, J. Troppmair: compounds in exhaled breath. J. Chromatogr. A, 1179, Release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 59-68, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.081.

*"+@00( >

GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

Head: Magnus Nordborg

Aims and functions supported by its administration and a platform consist- The importance of plant biology is difficult to overstate. ing of the GMI’s own services, including state-of-the- Research on plants has led to many fundamental art plant growth facilities, as well as joint services with breakthroughs, from Gregor Mendel’s elucidation of the the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the basic principles of genetics, via Barbara McClintock’s Institute of Molecular Biotechnology. The GMI is em- discovery of transposons, to the recent work on bedded within the Vienna Biocenter Campus in pur- epigenetics and RNA silencing. During the last 20 pose-built premises and provides a lively, international years, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has emerged working environment, with employees from 22 coun- as a primary experimental system for modern molecular tries. The working language is English. In addition to biology. In addition, plants are the primary producers the core budget from the Austrian Academy of Sci- of the world’s ecosystems and are, thus, central to life ences, GMI researchers successfully attract substantial on earth, a fact to which rising food prices and a rapidly funding from the Austrian Science Fund, the EU, the changing climate have brought renewed attention. US National Institutes of Health and the US National Science Foundation. Research at the GMI, which is the only international centre for basic plant research in Austria, is carried out In 2009, Magnus Nordborg from the University of by independent research groups, led either by senior or Southern California, USA was appointed as Scientific junior group leaders. Research is curiosity driven and Director of the GMI. In his words, “The objective of covers many aspects of molecular genetics, including the GMI is to provide a world class environment for basic mechanisms of epigenetics, population genetics, basic research in plant biology — an environment in chromosome biology, developmental biology and stress which some of the most challenging and important signal transduction. The GMI’s research activities are questions of modern biology can be addressed”.

*+8A. thaliana D(#(+( 9Aquilegia. A. formosa(( A. pubescens(( GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology <

Results for 2008–2009 targeting DNA methylation to specific regions of the genome by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) 1. Population genetics and in establishing blocks of silent chromatin that One of the most important challenges facing biology specify chromosome features such as centromeres. today is making sense of genetic variation. Understand- Forward genetic screens performed by the group of ing how genetic variation translates into phenotypic Marjori and Antonius Matzke have recently identified variation (Fig. 1) and how this translation depends on DMS3 (a structural maintenance of chromosome the environment is fundamental to our understanding hinge domain-containing protein), DMS5/NRPE1 of evolution, and has enormous practical implications (the largest subunit of Pol V), DMS6/DCL3 (DICER- for both medicine and agriculture. Magnus Nordborg LIKE3) and DMS4 (an IWR1-type transcription factor) studies a wide range of topics related to population ge- as important components of RdDM. Interestingly, in netics including the genetic basis of phenotypic varia- contrast to other dms mutants, dms4 shows defects not tion, molecular evolution, speciation and adaptation to only in RdDM but also developmental defects (Fig. 2). the environment. Although his empirical research focuses on Arabidopsis thaliana, his group works on many The lab of Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid has characterised different organisms, including Aquilegia and African an epigenetic “double lock” silencing system that is green monkeys. As a world expert in genome-wide as- only alleviated upon simultaneous removal of DNA sociation (GWA) studies for studying natural variation, methylation and histone methylation. The group has Magnus Nordborg has pioneered this technology in A. further discovered significant changes in chromatin thaliana, including developing statistical methodology organisation upon prolonged heat stress, providing for dealing with confounding due to population struc- evidence that environmental conditions can override ture. His most recent work on a GWA study of 107 epigenetic control. phenotypes in a common set of A. thaliana inbred lines is in press in the journal Nature (see bibliography). As DNA sequence information is vital for GWA studies, Magnus Nordborg is involved in the 1001 genomes project (http://www.1001genomes.org/), which uses next generation sequencing in its aim to discover the whole-genome sequence variation in 1001 strains of the reference plant A. thaliana. This project is similar to the 1000 genomes project (http://www.1000genomes. org) investigating human genetic variation. Magnus Nordborg is a major partner of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Center of Excellence in Genomic Science that aims to investigate the regulatory networks by which genetic variation leads to phenotypic variation. Magnus Nordborg is also a member of evolVi- enna, a virtual organisation created to bridge the 50 or so research groups based in Vienna studying various aspects of evolutionary biology.

2. Epigenetics Epigenetics, which can be defined as heritable changes that are not associated with differences in the DNA sequence, forms the focus of several research groups at the GMI. Silencing of genes through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA cytosine methylation, is essential for plant and animal development, as well as for protecting genomes from invasive sequences such as transposable elements and viruses. Recent work has uncovered important roles for small RNAs produced Fig. 2: Appearance of a dms4 through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana 20 GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

Hisashi Tamaru’s lab has been investigating the epige- The blunt-ended telomeres are stabilised by Ku, a netic states of centromeric heterochromatin in sperm protein complex that is implicated in chromosome cell nuclei (SN) and vegetative cell nuclei (VN) of Ara- end protection in a wide range of organisms including bidopsis pollen and has discovered that vegetative nuclei humans. The Riha group has also revealed that despite invariably undergo extensive decondensation of centro- their heterochromatic features, Arabidopsis telomeres meric heterochromatin and lose centromere identity. are expressed and that some telomeric transcripts are processed by the RNA-directed DNA methylation 3. Telomeres and genome stability machinery into small heterochromatin siRNAs that Telomeres are indispensable elements of eukaryotic reinforce telomeric heterochromatin by mediating chromosomes that are important for the complete methylation of telomeric DNA. In recognition of his replication of linear genomes and for the stability achievements, Karel Riha was awarded the Novartis of chromosome ends. As a consequence, they have Research Prize in Biology as well as a START Prize important implications for human cancer and ageing. from the Austrian Research Fund in 2008. The key feature of telomeres is their ability to allow differentiation of native chromosome ends from Bibliography deleterious DNA double-strand breaks, which they t Atwell S, Huang YS, Vilhálmsson BJ, Willems G, do by forming complex capping structures (Fig. 3). Horton M, Li Y, Meng D, Platt A, Tarone A, Hu Karel Riha has made the fundamental discovery of TT, Jiang R, Muliyati NW, Zhang X, Amer MA, a novel mechanism of chromosome end protection. Baxter I, Brachi B, Chory J, Dean C, Debieu M, The Riha lab has discovered that a substantial portion de Meaux J, Ecker JR, Faure N, Kniskern JM, Jones of Arabidopsis telomeres end with a blunt end and JDG, Michael T, Nemri A, Roux F, Salt DE, Tang not with a 3’ single stranded protrusion which is C, Todesco M, Traw MB, Weigel D, Marjoram important for the formation of so called t-loops. P, Borevitz J, Bergelson J, Nordborg M (2010)

Fig. 3: Model illustrating the formation of a chromosome end protective cap in Arabidopsis and human cells. After DNA replication, the lagging telomere acquires a G-overhang, while the leading telomere is blunt-ended. In humans, the blunt end is processed by a nuclease [1], which allows formation of t-loops at both sides of a chromosome [2]. In Arabidopsis, the blunt end is stabilised by a cap that includes Ku [3]. In the absence of O((0(Q#S=UV ?0SWU%((SXU GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology 21

Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes Transgenerational stress memory is not a general in a common set of Arabidopsis thaliana inbred response in Arabidopsis. PloS ONE 4(4):e5202. lines. Nature (in press). t Kanno T, Bucher E, Daxinger L, Huettel B, t Kanno T, Bucher E, Daxinger L, Huettel B, Kreil Böhmdorfer G, Gregor W, Kreil DP, Matzke M, DP, Breinig F, Lind M, Schmitt MJ, Simon SA, Matzke AJ (2008) A structural-maintenance-of- Gurazada SG, Meyers BC, Lorkovic ZJ, Matzke AJ, chromosomes hinge domain-containing protein Matzke M (2009) RNA-directed DNA methylation is required for RNA-directed DNA methylation. and plant development require an IWR1-type Nature Genet 40:670-675. transcription factor. EMBO Rep 11:65-71. t Nordborg M, Weigel D (2008) Next-generation t Daxinger L, Kanno T, Bucher E, van der Winden J, genetics in plants. Nature 456:720-723. Naumann U, Matzke AJ, Matzke M (2009) A stepwise t Daxinger L, Kanno T, Matzke M (2008) Pol V pathway for biogenesis of 24-nt secondary siRNAs and transcribes to silence. Cell 135(4):592-594. spreading of DNA methylation. EMBO J 28:48-57. t Jones AM, Chory J, Dangl JL, Estelle M, Jacobsen t Schoft VK, Chumak N, Mosiolek M, Slusarz L, SE, Meyerowitz EM, Nordborg M, Weigel D Komnenovic, V, Brownfield L, Twell D, Kakutani T, (2008) The impact of Arabidopsis on human health: Tamaru H (2009) Induction of RNA-directed DNA diversifying our portfolio. Cell 133:939-943. methylation upon decondensation of constitutive t Riehs N, Akimcheva S, Puizina J, Bulankova P, Idol heterochromatin. EMBO Reports 10:1015-1021. RA, Siroky J, Schleiffer A, Schweizer D, Shippen DE, t Pecinka A, Rosa M, Schikora A, Berlinger M, Riha K. (2008) Arabidopsis SMG7 protein is required Hirt H, Luschnig C, Mittelsten Scheid O (2009) for exit from meiosis. J Cell Sci 121:2208-2216. 22

IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH

Head: Josef Penninger

Aims and Functions cluding all postdoctoral and student projects are an- The IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology is a nually evaluated by the Scientific Advisory Board of subsidiary of the Austrian Academy of Sciences located at the IMBA. The current SAB members are: Eric Kan- the Campus Vienna BioCentre, a cluster of research ins- dell, winner of the Nobel Prize for molecular control titutes and companies dedicated to excellence of research of memory; Guenther Blobel, winner of the Nobel (http://www.imba.oeaw.ac.at). IMBA is a joint initiative Prize for protein targeting; Kenneth Chien, Director of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and Boehringer In- of the Cardiovascular Research Center Department gelheim governed by a supervisory board and sharing of Cell Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital; all infrastructures.. IMBA is directed by Josef Penninger Tony Hyman, Max Plank Institute, Dresden, Susan (Scientific Director), Michael Krebs (Administrative Di- Lindquist, previous Director of the Whitehead Insti- rector) and Jürgen Knoblich (Deputy Scientific Director tute, MIT, Cambridge, and HHMI investigator; Gary with full power of attorney). Ruvkun, co-discoverer of microRNAs and recipient of When we started IMBA in 2003 the challenge was how the Lasker Award 2008, Massachusetts General Hos- to develop a new research institute that is indeed compe- pital, Boston; and Fiona Watt, a world famous stem titive at the international level. In the last years, IMBA cell researcher, London. IMBA is also recognized as an has developed into the largest institute of the Austri- excellent place for training students and provides mul- an Academy of Science in both personnel and budget. tidisciplinary training opportunities for students and Importantly IMBA scientists have already performed post-doctoral fellows in advanced molecular genetics, groundbreaking research. As an example, ~ 50% of all functional mouse genomics, immunology, RNA bio- publications that directly come from Austrian institu- logy, stem cell biology, or molecular pathology (www. tions in the top scientific journals Nature, Science, and imba.oeaw.ac.at/career). Cell have been published by IMBA/IMP researchers in Based on the current expertise and international the last 5 years; half of this scientific output comes from standing of IMBA investigators, the laboratory space IMBA. Moreover, in the last 5 years the Wittgenstein available, the faculty size required to increase compe- prize, the top science prize in Austria has been awarded titiveness and “buffer” faculty turn-over, and in order twice to researchers working at IMBA and two senior to develop a strong and recognizable research profile and one junior ERC grants have been awarded to IMBA we propose in the mid-term to hire 1 more Senior researchers. IMBA researchers also cooperate with other Scientist and 4 more Junior PIs with a focus on the research centres and have been invited to literally hund- three following topics: reds of lectures at meetings including multiple keynote t Disease Modeling and Mouse Genetics and distinguished lectures and in some cases lectures on t Cell and Stem Cell Biology public policies and lectures to children. t RNA Biology and Epigenetics The philosophy and business model of IMBA was always to hire the best young scientists in the world and Results for 2008–2009 to provide them with academic freedom and free access The mammalian system for controlling bone remodelling to the best possible infrastructure. Thus, IMBA has in- also regulates fever (Hanada et al. Nature 2009) deed been able to attract some of the best young minds. The so-called RANK protein and the molecule that IMBA currently has 3 Senior Scientists and 5 Junior binds to it, the RANK ligand or RANKL, have formed Principal Investigators (PIs). All science at IMBA in- a focus of Penninger’s work since 1999, when his group IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH 23

*+YY);98ZO(#*+);98!^O deleted the RANKL gene from mice and showed that control of body temperature. Unlike normal mice, mice the RANK/RANKL system was the “master regula- that had been engineered to lack RANK in the brain did tor” governing bone loss (Kong et al. 1999 Nature 402, not respond to simulated infections by raising their body 304-309). The work provided the fist genetic proof for temperature although they appeared otherwise normal. a completely new and rational treatment for osteoporo- Taken together, these results show that RANK and its sis, one of the most serious public health problems for ligand are involved in the regulation of the body’s fever older women. The results of phase III clinical trials for response to fight infections. a human antibody to RANKL have recently been pu- Because Penninger’s group had previously shown that blished (see Cummings et al. 2009, New Eng. J. Med. RANK and RANKL control the production of milk 361, 756-765) and, pending approval by the authori- during pregnancy, it seemed possible that the system ties, it is conceivable that this antibody will soon be might also have an effect on the body temperature made widely available for osteoporosis treatment. of females. Indeed, female – but not male – mice la- Considering that such treatments might be of potential cking RANK in the brain show a significant increase benefit to millions of patients, it is important to under- in body temperature compared with their littermates, stand any possible side-effects. The function of RANK at least during daylight hours. As a result, such female and RANKL in the brain was completely unknown. To mice have much lower differences in body tempera- investigate it, Reiko Hanada - an endocrinologist and ture between day and night. Because the experimen- Postdoc in Penninger’s group - injected RANKL into tal work was performed in mice and rats, it seemed mice and rats, intending to look for effects on behavi- extremely likely that the results would be relevant to or. The results were dramatic and obvious – the animals other mammals, including man. Proof that this is the stopped moving and developed really high temperatures. case arose when the IMBA group learned of a family RANK and RANKL are not present in all areas of the whose children had defects in the RANK gene. As brain. Rather, the proteins were found to be restricted to predicted, these children showed much lower fever areas that other groups had previously implicated in the responses to infection. Even when they contracted 24 IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH pneumonia, their body temperatures scarcely rose. This quantum leap is the result of a new procedure with This data links bone metabolism to the control of tem- which makes it possible to analyse complex biological perature during infection and, even less expectedly, to processes in all the genes of the fruit fly simultaneously. the gender-specific control of body temperature. It is This unusually extensive gene analysis was only made conceivable that the RANK/RANKL system may be possible by using the IMP-IMBA fly library, which was responsible for the sudden bursts of high temperature compiled by neurobiologist Barry Dickson. The data- associated with hormonal changes – and with osteo- base contains 20,000 strains of flies and in each of the- porosis – in older women. se exactly one gene is deactivated. The experiments were performed at the IMBA in close This amounts to a paradigm shift as far as medical pro- collaboration with groups at the Medical University of Vi- gress is concerned. When faced with a clinical picture, enna as well as in Berlin and Shuh Narumiya in Japan. the old approach was to search for the responsible gene, the proverbial needle in a haystack. In principle, all ge- Genome-wide analysis of Notch nes are now known, and the question is a much more signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi systematic one: what exactly do the genes related to the (Mummery-Widmer et al. Nature 2009). illness control in the body? In future it will be possib- Our genes determine how we look, but also what illnes- le to tackle the identification of the causes of illnesses ses we suffer from. Since the beginning of this century, even more systematically. all human genes have been identified. But what function does each gene have in the organism? For humans this The first genome wide screen on innate immunity question will remain unanswered for some time to come, (Cronin et al. Science 2009) but for a model organism like the fruit fly an answer is A paper by Shane Cronin et al. (Science 2009) descri- already possible. A new approach enabled IMBA resear- bes the first genome-wide in vivo Drosophila RNAi cher Jürgen Knoblich to investigate the function of genes screen to isolate genes which control the fly’s response across an organism’s whole genotype simultaneously. to ingested pathogenic bacteria. It took more than five

Fig. 2: Leonie Ringrose, Junior Group Leader at IMBA, having a conversation with one of her students. *+);98!^O IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH 25 years and involved around two million data points to Penninger. Central control of fever and female find out which of the ~ 13,000 fly genes are involved body temperature by RANKL/RANK. Nature, in innate immunity. 462, 505-509. 2009. Contrary to acquired immunity which is a feature of t Mummery-Widmer, J. L., Yamazaki, M., Stoeger, mammals, innate immunity is a fast, non-specific re- T., Novatchkova, M., Bhalerao, S., Chen, D., action to external pathogens and is found in all animal Dietzl, G., Dickson, B. J., and Knoblich, J. A. organisms. In flies, it involves the activity of intestinal (2009). Genome-wide analysis of Notch signal- defenses, antimicrobial peptides and macrophage-like ling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Nature cells in the blood. 458, 987-992. The screen took advantage of the Vienna Drosophila t Cronin, SJ., Nehme, NT., Limmer, S., Liegeois, RNAi Library, a powerful tool of 22,000 strains of S., Pospisilik, JA., Schramek, D., Leibbrandt, A., fruit flies located at IMBA. The experiment included Simoes, Rde M., Gruber, S., Puc, U., Ebersberger, feeding the flies with the highly infectious bacterium I., Zoranovic, T., Neely, GG., von Haeseler, A., Serratia marcescens to which immunocompetent flies Ferrandon, D., Penninger, J. M. (2009). Genome- usually succumb within six days. IMBA researchers wide RNAi screen identifies genes involved in were able to switch off the fly’s genes one by one, using intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection. Science a standardized heat shock procedure as trigger. 325(5938):340-345. In addition to previously known genes and pathways, t Schwamborn, J. C., Berezikov, E., and Knoblich, the experiments revealed more than 800 additional ge- J. A. (2009). The TRIM-NHL protein TRIM32 nes involved in innate immunity, the majority of which activates microRNAs and prevents self-renewal in had unknown function until now. Intriguingly, some mouse neural progenitors. Cell 136, 913-925. ten percent of these genes seem to have a negative func- t Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Neely, G. G., Yaghubian-Mal- tion against infection: when they were switched off, the hami, R., Perkmann, T., van Lool, G., Ermolaeva, infected flies actually lived longer than the expected six M., Veldhuizen, R., Leung, Y. H. C., Wang, H., days, in some cases much longer. For the other 90% of Liu, H., Sun, Y., Pasparakis, M., Kopf, M., Mech, immune-compromised fruit flies, life was significantly C., Bavari, S., Peiris, J. S. M., Slutsky, A. S., Aki- shortened by one or two days. ra, S., Hultqvist, M., Holmdahl, R., Nicholls, J., Because of the high degree of conservation of innate Jiang, C., Binder, C. J., and Josef M. Penninger. immunity, the results are also relevant for immunolo- Identification of oxidative stress and Toll like re- gists interested in higher animals and humans. One ceptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung of the next steps will therefore be to find out which injury. Cell 133, 235-249. 2008. of the isolated genes have relevance in the context of t Aronica L, Bednenko J, Noto T, DeSouza LV, mammalian immunity. Siu KW, Loidl J, Pearlman RE, Gorovsky MA, The work was carried out in collaboration with Dominique Mochizuki K. (2008), Study of an RNA helicase Ferrandon and Nadine Nehme of the Institut de Biologie implicates small RNA-noncoding RNA interac- Moleculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS in Strasbourg. tions in programmed DNA elimination in Tet- rahymena, Genes Dev. 22(16):2228-41. Bibliography t Koestler SA, Auinger S, Vinzenz M, Rottner K, t Pospisilik, J. A., Schramek, D., Cronin, S. J. F., Small J. V., (2008), Differentially oriented popu- Nehme, N. T., Todoric, J., Bayer, M., Orthofer, lations of actin filaments generated in lamellipo- M., Neely, G. G., Dietzl, G., Manoukian, A., Fu- dia collaborate in pushing and pausing at the cell novics, M., Prager, G., Wagner, O., Ferrandon, D., front, Nat Cell Biol. 3:306-13. Epub 2008 Feb 17. Hui, C.-C., Esterbauer, H., and J. M. Penninger. t Neumuller, R. A., Betschinger, J., Fischer, A., Drosophila whole genome mining reveals Hedge- Bushati, N., Poernbacher, I., Mechtler, K., Co- hog-signaling as a key regulator of brown/white hen, S. M., and Knoblich, J. A. (2008). Mei- adipose cell fate. Cell, Jan 8. 2010. P26 regulates microRNAs and cell growth in t Hanada, R., Leibbrandt, A., Hanada, T., Kitao- the Drosophila ovarian stem cell lineage. Nature ka, S., Furuyashiki, T., Fujihara, H., Trichereau, 454, 241-245. J., Paolino, M., Qadri, F., Plehm, R., Klaere, S., t Wirtz-Peitz, F., Nishimura, T., and Knoblich, J. A. Komnenovic, V., Mimata, H., Yoshimatsu, H., (2008). Linking cell cycle to asymmetric division: Takahashi, N., Haeseler, A., Bader, M., Kilic, A. Aurora-A phosphorylates the Par complex to S., Ueta, Y., Pifl, C., Narumiya, A., and J. M. regulate Numb localization. Cell 135, 161-173. 26

Institute for Biomedical Aging Research

Head: Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA) focuses on all questions related to biogerontology and Immunology Group is the only one of its kind in the whole of Austria. In the period under report, the group has specialized Worldwide, the segment of the population aged 60 in studying the restructuring of the CD8 T cell and over has been increasing rapidly. repertoire in elderly persons. Of high interest in this regard is the result that oxidative modifications In 2001, in Austria more than one-fifth of the modulate the antigenicity of immunodominant population was over 60 years of age and by 2030, this peptides. This demonstrates that immune reactions segment will have risen to one third. As a result of drastically change through oxidative stress situations, the predicted demographic changes, aging research which often occur in old age. Another interesting has been gaining more and more importance to define result is that authophagy is an essential mechanism new approaches to meet age-related needs. for the survival of T lymphocytes in old age and that autophagy is induced by polyamines. The goal of biomedical research on aging is to help people grow old with dignity and in good health. Endocrinology Group Basic research at the IBA comprises the analyses The group’s work put an emphasis on molecular of aging processes at the cellular level to better mechnanisms which underly the biological aging of understand age-related impairments and diseases the male, particularly the prostate. Hereby genes and and furthermore, to postpone/prevent age-related their protein products, which are responsible for tissue impairments and diseases in order to improve the reorganisation of the aging prostate, were identified. quality of life in old age. At the moment, there are The studies focus on the proteins Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) six research groups at the institute, who put all their and PAGE-4. effort into decoding molecular mechanisms of cellular aging in different models and analyzing their impact Stem Cell and Extracellular Matrix Research Group on the differentiation and function of cells. The group made it possible to prove for the first time that human mesenchymal stem cells in old age exist in Research activities at the IBA are supported by numer- the same number but with decreased quality and that the ous national and international co-operations. This way, functional loss is mainly due to chronic inflammatory the institute successfully collaborates with the Tyrolean stimuli. Within a large scale animal experiment, which Universities and Health Authorities. Additionally, the studied the effects of radiotherapeutic treatment to institute coordinates the FWF sponsored national re- mesenchymale stem cells in vivo, the unexpected result search network “Proliferation, differentiation and cell was obtained that very high doses of radiation cause death in aging cells” (NFN S9301) and participates in permanent damage hardly or not at all. eight different EU-projects. In collaboration with the Medical University Innsbruck, the IBA coordinates Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group the PhD-program for Biogerontology (“The aging of The group’s aim is to study the role of caloric restriction biological communication systems”), which is of high (CR) in human fat cells. Caloric restriction is the only importance to its students. known intervention that reduces the rate of biological Institute for Biomedical Aging Research 27 aging. In the period under report, the molecular impact Fig. 1: Staining of the mitotic spindle of the “CR mimetic” resveratrol as well as new CR apparatus and cytoplasmic tubulin mimetics, namely inhibitors of metabolic key regulators, ( ( part of the cytoskeleton, in red, in hu- were identified. Furthermore, it was shown that a man epithelial cells. decrease in the retinol-binding protein-4 level through CR contributes to an improved regulation of the glucose-metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity.

Aging of Smooth Muscle Research Group In this research area, the molecular mechanisms of the framework of the above mentioned NFN, it was the function of the smooth muscle filament Myorod possible to show that four microRNAs, namely miR-17, were discovered. miR-19b, miR-20a and oR-106a are commonly down- regulated in different models of cell aging. Decreases Molecular and Cell Biology Group in these miRNAs correlated with increased transcript An especially interesting finding within the research levels of some established target genes, especially the activity of this group was the proof that oxygen radicals, cdk inhibitor p21/CDKN1A. These results establish which are produced through the NADPH oxidase Nox4, miRNAs as novel markers of cell aging in humans. have a major impact on the aging of endothelial cells. Therefore, it can be assumed that if Nox4 is blocked Bibliography pharmacolocically, the aging of cells and possibly tissue t Spoden, G. A., S. Mazurek, D. Morandell, N. can be influenced. In another experiment the group Bacher, M. J. Ausserlechner, P. Jansen-Dürr, E. Ei- showed a functional connection between age dependent genbrodt, W. Zwerschke: Isotype-specific inhibi- changes of mitochondrial function and the function of tors of the glycolytic key regulator pyruvate kinase the proteasom, an organelle which is used to eliminate subtype M2 moderately decelerate tumor cell pro- damaged proteins. These results clarify the mechanisms liferation. Int. J. Cancer, 123, 312-321, 2008; doi: of skin aging in human beings. 10.1002/ijc.23512. t Kloss, F. R., R. Gassner, J. Preiner, A. Ebner, K. NFN-cooperation Larsson, O. Hächl, T. Tuli, M. Rasse, D. Moser, K. Through intense collaboration of research groups Laimer, E. A. Nickel, G. Laschober, R. Brunauer, at the IBA with other Austrian research groups in G. Klima, P. Hinterdorfer, D. Steinmüller-Nethl,

*+\+ z+{|D8 > Institute for Biomedical Aging Research

Abb. 4: T-Zellen

Fig. 3: miRNA array of immune cell sub-populations from young and elderly donors.

G. Lepperdinger: The role of oxygen termination t Lener, B., R. Koziel, H. Pircher, E. Hütter, R. of nanocrystalline diamond on immobilisation of Greussing, D. Herndler-Brandstetter, M. Her- BMP-2 and subsequent bone formation. Biomate- mann, H. Unterluggauer, P. Jansen-Dürr: The rials, 29, 2433-2442, 2008; doi:10.1016/j.biomate- NADPH oxidase Nox4 restricts the replicative rials.2008.01.036. lifespan of human endothelial cells. Biochem. J., t Weinberger, B., D. Herndler-Brandstetter, A. 423, 363-374, 2009; doi: 10.1042/BJ20090666. Schwanninger, D. Weiskopf, B. Grubeck-Loeben- t Eisenberg, T., H. Knauer, A. Schauer, S. Büttner, stein: Biology of immune responses to vaccines in C. Ruckenstuhl, D. Carmona-Gutierrez, J. Ring, S. elderly persons. Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1078-1084, Schroeder, C. Magnes, L. Antonacci, H. Fussi, L. 2008; doi: 10.1086/529197. Desczc, R. Hartl, E. Schraml, A. Criollo, E. Mega- t Zenzmaier, C., G. Untergasser, M. Hermann, S. lou, D. Weiskopf, P. Laun, G. Heeren, M. Breiten- Dirnhofer, N. Sampson, P. Berger: Dysregula- bach, B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, F. Herker, B. Fahren- tion of Dkk-3 expression in benign and malignant krog, K.-U. Fröhlich, F. Sinner, N. Tavernarakis, N. prostatic tissue. Prostate, 68, 540-547, 2008; doi: Minois, G. Kroemer, F. Madeo: Induction of au- 10.1002/pros.20711. tophagy by spermidine promotes longevity. Nat. Cell t Zenzmaier, C., J. Marksteiner, A. Kiefer, P. Berg- Biol., 11, 1305-1314, 2009; doi: 10.1038/ncb1975. er, C. Humpel: Dkk-3 is elevated in CSF and t Weiskopf, D., A. Schwanninger, B. Weinberger, plasma of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J. Neuro- G. Almanzar, W. Parson, S. Buus, H. Lindner, B. chem., 110, 653-661, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1471- Grubeck-Loebenstein: Oxidative stress can alter 4159.2009.06158.x. the antigenicity of immunodominant peptides. Institute for Biomedical Aging Research <

Fig. 4: The small worm C.elegans is an important tool in aging research: Picture from the recently established C.elegans facility at the IBA.

J Leukoc. Biol., 87, 165-172, 2010; [epub ahead of Eckhard, E. Tschachler, C. Papak, M. Scheideler, print 2.10.2009] doi: 10.1189/jlb.0209065. Z. Trajanoski, R. Grillari-Voglauer, B. Grubeck- t Hackl, M., S. Brunner, K. Fortschegger, C. Loebenstein, P. Jansen-Dürr, J. Grillari: miR-17, Schreiner, L. Micutkova, C. Mück, G. Laschober, miR-19b, miR-20a and miR-106a are down- G. Lepperdinger, N. Sampson, P. Berger, D. regulated in human aging. Aging Cell, 9, 291- Herndler-Brandstetter, M. Wieser, H. Kühnel, 296, 2010; [epub ahead of print 18.01.2010] doi: A. Strasser, M. Breitenbach, M. Rinnerthaler, L. 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00549.x. 30

Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research

Head: Peter Laggner

Aims and Functions structures concerned lie below the limit of resolution Biophysics is the essential link between biochemistry of the light microscope, and hence their visualization and cell biology. While biochemistry focuses primarily requires special techniques of X-ray diffraction and on the molecular chemical reactions underlying the scattering. The development and implementation of essential biological functions, such as metabolism, new X-ray techniques at synchrotron radiation facili- energy transformation and information storage, ties as well as in the routine laboratory, is a well-rec- cell biology concentrates on the whole cell as an ognized speciality of the IBN. integral element of living and dying systems. Between these poles lie at least four orders of magnitude in The knowledge gained from biophysical and nanosys- dimensions. The dominating question to be answered tems research has important, fundamental relevance to bybiophysics, is therefore: how does structural self- biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. On the organization of billions of molecules in a nanosystem other hand, new approaches towards the design of nano- lead to a living microorganism? One may safely use biotechnological devices, e.g. in the bio-functionaliza- the analogy between the single person and its manifold tion of supramolecular systems for the use in diagnostics interactions and synergies within the society that is or synthesis, result from the research at the IBN. more than the sum of its individuals. The research projects of the IBN are embedded in nu- The objectives of the IBN within this broad pursuit merous national and international programmes, such are well defined: the principles and forms of molecu- as the Austrian Nano-Initiative (NanoHealth), the lar self-organization, especially of lipids and proteins programmes of the FWF, and EU framework pro- within the aqueous medium of the cytoplasm are at grammes. The IBN-Outstation at the synchrotron the focus of research. These entities play key roles in light source ELETTRA in Trieste is a world-wide rec- compartmentation and transport within the cell. The ognized research facility heavily used by the international scientific community (Fig. 1).

Results for 2008–2009

Working group R. PRASSL (Lipoproteins and Lipid Nanoparticles) The Prassl working group has continued its efforts to elucidate structural elements of ApoB100. The dynamics of ApoB100-containing lipoprotein fractions were investigated by elastic incoherent neutron scattering (ILL, Grenoble). Specific differences in the temperature dependency of the effective force constants of LDL and VLDL were assigned. While the crystallization trials on detergent solubilized ApoB100 were intensified, Fig. 1: The IBN operates a beamline for X-ray Nanoanalytics at the self-assembling short-chain peptides were explored Synchrotron light source ELETTRA, Trieste – Italy. with the goal to stabilize the lipid-free protein. Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research 31

Fig. 2: Design and synthesis of multifunctional liposomes for medical diagnostics: Stealth liposomes are enriched with synthesized lipid-derivati- #(?#

The fabrication of multifunctional liposomes for lipid composition of the target membrane insertion of medical diagnostics was successfully improved. Various antimicrobial peptides leads to a variety of membrane biomolecules (i.e. lectin, adiponectin, regulatory defects (significant changes in bilayer thickness, peptides and antibodies) were covalently linked elastic properties, supramolecular aggregation and to liposomes for specific cellular recognition. The pore formation), which in turn can induce membrane linkage of marker molecules (Gd3+, radionuclides or disruption. These peptides, derived from a fragment fluorescence labels) now enables the visualization of of human lactoferricin, which also exhibit endotoxin the functionalized liposomes with different imaging neutralizing activity, have been tested in pre-clinical modalities. Alternatively, experiments to incorporate studies within a spin-off originating from this project. ironoxide nanoparticles into liposomes for magnetic resonance imaging have been initiated. In collaboration with the Center of Medical Research in Graz a new specific surface marker (phosphatidylserine) The development of a liposomal drug delivery system has been found for a number of cancer cell lines (Fig. for the aerosolic application of vasoactive intestinal 3), which can be a target for membrane-active peptides. peptide (VIP) was successfully completed Therefore within an EC and a national research project highly specific peptides towards this marker will be Working group Karl Lohner (Functional Lipidomics) developed, which present highly potent candidates The Lohner working group is mainly engaged in for new anticancer drugs. the development of new agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and related sepsis as well as against Working group H. Amenitsch (synchrotron radiation; cancer. These new agents are derived from human Outstation at ELETTRA, Trieste) host defense peptides. The focus relates to the The Amenitsch working group is in charge of the elucidation of the molecular mode of action of the Austrian SAXS-Beamline at ELETTRA which newly designed agents on model- and cell membranes. is integrated as a user-facility in international Biophysical studies showed that depending on the synchrotron research. In the frame of the EU-project 32 Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research

e.g. during apoptosis) on membrane dynamics and structure. We found significant changes to the lateral heterostructure of membranes that are large enough to affect the functioning of membrane proteins through a mechanical coupling. (Fig. 4a) A second focus is the development of a lab X-ray technique: the recently developed small-angle X-ray (SAXS) camera with a 50 W micro-source has been further optimized. Currently swapping the optics from line- to point-focus (and vice versa) can be done easily. Furthermore, new sample stages have been added, among them a high-pressure X-ray cell to measure samples under pressures of up to 1000 bar. Optionally the camera can also be equipped with a high-precision stepper motor, allowing us to measure the surface structure of thin films in the grazing incidence mode (“GISAXS”), a beam geometry where the incident X- ray beam probing the sample is almost parallel to the surface of the sample (as opposed to the conventional “transmission” mode).

*"+* 0(( Another goal is to complement the camera with a 80 80=>> # * DSC-(differential scanning calorimetry) sample stage transmission+ (DSC-SAXS) enabling us to monitor simultaneously + thermodynamic and nanostructural changes of a sample line SBCL2 bottom: prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. undergoing a thermotropic phase transition (Fig. 4b)

Bibliography t Pabst, G., B. Boulgaropoulos, E. Gander, B. R. Sa- SAXIER (http://www.saxier.org/), methodological rangi, H. Amenitsch, V. A. Raghunathan, and P. developments in the fields of microfluidics and gas Laggner: Effect of ceramide on nonraft proteins.J. phase analysis were performed and the project was Membrane Biol., 231, 125-132, 2009; doi: 10.1007/ successfully terminated. Essential achievements in s00232-009-9211-3. regard to single particle structural analysis were reached by the combination of laser-tweezers and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Promising approaches regarding the interaction of single particle were continued with experiments on single starch grains. Furthermore, the investigations on the nanoscopic structural changes of the collagen in human arteries were concluded and the project has been completed.

Working group P. Laggner (Physical Chemistry) The Laggner research group focuses on the development and the implementation of new methods and concepts in the field of nanosystems research. Thus, this group provides the basis for the other working groups at the IBN with emphasis on the structural and the dynamic properties of lyotropic liquid crystalline *=+D%00 phases and their phase transitions. In the past two The inset shows a simulation of the hydrodynamic focusing inside the years, research has mainly focused on the effects of 0(D#D8D# ceramides (sphingolipids enzymatically generated #//3 particle growth. Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research 33

*W+@/- D;((D; D; |/ membrane structure were found to be large enough to affect the activity of membrane channels.

Fig. 5b: Compact high-performance small-angle X-ray camera in (+D";+ WV(#( - #0>0W|# by courtesy of Hecus X-ray Systems GmbH, Graz, Austria. t Hodzic, A., P., Rappolt, H. Amenitsch, P. Laggner, terial activity of lactoferricin derivatives. Biochem. and G. Pabst: Differential modulation of mem- Biophys. Res. Comm., 369, 395-400, 2008: doi: brane structure and fluctuations by plant sterols 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.176. and cholesterol. Biophys. J., 94, 3935-3944, 2008; t Sevcsik, E., G. Pabst, W. Richter, S. Danner, H. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.123224. Amenitsch, and K. Lohner: Interaction of LL- t Stark, B., F. Andreae, W. Mosgöller, M. Edets- 37 with model membrane systems of different berger, E. Gaubitzer, G. Köhler, and R. Prassl: Li- complexity – influence of the lipid matrix. Bio- posomal vasoactive intestinal peptide for lung ap- phys J., 94, 4688-4699, 2008; doi: 10.1529/bio- plication: Protection from proteolytic degradation. physj.107.123620. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, (1) 153-164, 2008; t Shyjumon, I., M. Rappolt, B. Sartori, H. Amen- doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.04.01. itsch, and P. Laggner P.: Novel in situ setup to study t Prassl, R., M. Pregetter, H. Amenitsch, M. the formation of nanoparticles in the gas phase by Kriechbaum, R. Schwarzenbacher, and M. J. small angle x-ray scattering. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, Chapman: Low density lipoproteins as circu- 043905, 5 p., 2009; doi: 10.1063/1.2908436. lating fast temperature sensors. PlosOne, 3(12): t Falcaro, P., L. Malfatti, H. Amenitsch, B. Mar- e4079, 6 p., 2008. mioli, G. Grenci, and P. Innocenzi: Fabrication t Prassl, R., and P. Laggner: Molecular structure of of advanced functional devices combining soft low density lipoprotein. Current Status and Future chemistry with X-ray lithography in One Step, Challenge. Eur. Biophys. J., 38, (2) 145-158, 2009; Adv. Mater., 21, (48) 4932-4936, 2009; doi: doi: 10.1007/s00249-008-0368-y. 10.1002/adma.200901561. t Lohner, K.: New strategies for novel antibiotics: t Arsov, Z., M. Rappolt, and J. Grdadolnik: peptides targeting bacterial cell membranes. Gen. Weakened hydrogen bonds in water confined Physiol. Biophys., 28, 105-116, 2009; doi: 10.4149/ between lipid bilayers: The existence of a long- gpb_2009_02_105. range attractive hydration force. Chem. Phys. t Zweytick, D., S. Tumer, S. E. Blondelle, and K. Chem. 10, 1438-1441, 2009; doi: 10.1002/ Lohner: Membrane curvature stress and antibac- cphc.200900185. 34

Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology

Head: Dustin Penn

Aims and Functions Academy of Sciences and the City of Vienna. Below are The Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology (KLIVV) is some highlights of recent publications: a research institute for the study of animal behavior. It t Zala and Penn found that female mice prefer the was founded in 1945 and named after Konrad Lorenz scent of males genetically resistant to infectious who played a central role in pioneering the field of agents (N-ramp “knock-ins”), and resistant males ethology (also known as behavioral biology). The have better ability to maintain high testosterone institute has five senior scientists, nine post-doctoral during infection than susceptible ones (Zala et al. scientists (supported mostly by external funding), 14 2008). They also found that elevated testosterone support staff, and several graduate students. KLIVV is levels, induced by exposing males to female scent, highly international, as the scientists and students come does not suppress immunity, contrary to what is from many different countries (Fig. 1). generally assumed, though it increases the ener- getic costs of resolving infection. The research addresses interdisciplinary questions con- t Ilmonen and Penn investigated the mechanisms cerning both the proximate mechanisms and the evo- that control life-history trade-offs between sur- lution of behavior. The scientists study a diversity of vival and reproduction in wild house mice. They species, especially vertebrates (including H. sapiens), in previously found that elevated reproduction and the laboratory, in seminatural conditions, and in the social stress cause attrition of telomeres, the field. KLIVV has unusually good facilities for studying DNA-protein complexes on the ends of chromo- animals in captivity, close access to the field, and a fully somes that control genomic integrity and cellular equipped molecular genetic laboratory. senescence. Recently, they showed that repeated exposure to infectious agents also reduces telomere length, which may contribute to senes- The main topic of interest is sexual selection, as it po- cence (Ilmonen et al. 2008). tentially explains many puzzling aspects of behavior, t Ilmonen and Penn previously found that even such as the complex and elaborate courtship displays moderate levels of inbreeding causes significant found in many species. Furthermore, sexual selection reductions in fitness in wild mice, and they began provides an example of how behavior can generate investigating whether inbreeding reduces males’ genetic and evolutionary changes. In addition to con- mating success only through male-male competi- ducting basic research on animal behavior, the institute tion or also female choice. Recently, they found aims to apply insights from ethology to better under- that inbred females prefer the scent of genetically stand the behavior of our own species – and address outbred versus inbred males, suggesting that in- applied problems in conservation and the environment. bred females may have more to gain than outbred females by mating with outbred, heterozygous Results for 2008–2009 males (Ilmonen et al. 2009). KLIVV scientists published 50 papers in international, t Hettyey and Hoi investigated behaviors that fe- peer-reviewed journals – which is a new record for the male frogs use to cope with sexual coercion and institute, and several publications received attention sperm competition. They studied two related and from the international press. Y. Moodley (2009 Science) sympatric species where heterospecific mating received the Best Paper Award for 2009 by the Austrian results in inviable offspring, as the fitness conse- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology 35

*+O) quences of mating with a male of a wrong spe- recommendations for sustainable management of cies are severe. They found that females recognize this endangered species (Schaub et al. 2009). when they are mounted by heterospecific males, and they have subtle, yet effective means to avoid KLIVV scientists obtained three grants from the the complete loss of a year’s reproductive effort Austrian National Science Foundation (FWF), one (Hettyey et al. 2009) (Fig. 2). by Wagner and two by Hoi. Hoi also received a grant t Hoi and Griggio used bearded tits to test the from the Austrian Ministry of Sciences’ Sparkling armament-ornament dual utility model, which Science program. predicts that females exploit the same signals males use in aggressive contests, and they found To commemorate the Darwin Year in 2009, KLIVV that beard length plays an important role in both scientists promoted evolutionary biology through pub- male-male competition and female choice (Hoi & lic outreach and education (Fig. 3). Griggio 2009). t Wagner and his colleagues found that kittiwake Bibliography gulls tend to mate with genetically dissimilar t Hettyey, A., S. Baksay, B. Vági, H. Hoi: Counter- individuals, and that such pairs produce more strategies to sexual coercion by heterospecifics in heterozygous offspring with enhanced survival female frogs. Anim. Behav., 78, 1365-1372, 2009; (Mulard et al. 2009). They previously found doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.09.006. that female gulls preferentially utilize new ver- t Hoi, H., and M. Griggio: Dual utility of a mel- sus old sperm from their mates to fertilize eggs, anin-based ornament in bearded tits. Ethol- and more recently they found evidence that old ogy, 114, 1094-1100, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1439- sperm causes hatching failure, slower embry- 0310.2008.01566.x. onic development and poor hatchling condition Fig. 2: Female frogs suf- (White et al. 2008). fer enormous reproduc- t Wagner and colleagues found experimental evi- tion costs when mating dence that an invertebrate (Drosophila) possesses with a male of a wrong the cognitive ability to exploit public information species. when choosing their mates (Mery et al. 2009). t Beissmann and colleagues examined the problem of reintroducing captive-bred Alpine bearded vultures into the wild. They estimated survival probabilities and fecundity to project population size and extinction risk in the future, and made 36 Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology t Ilmonen, P., G. Stundner, M. Thoß, and D. J. cally similar matesis mal-adaptive in a monoga- Penn: Females prefer the scent of outbred males: mous bird. BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 147, 12 p., 2009; good-genes-as-heterozygosity? BMC Evol. Biol., 9, doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-147. 104, 10 p., 2009; doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-104. t Schaub, M., R. Zink, H. Beissmann, F. Sarrazin, t Ilmonen, P., A. Kotrschal, and D. J. Penn: Telomere R. Arlettaz: When to end releases in reintroduction attrition due to infection. PLoS ONE 3(5): e2143, programmes: demographic rates and population 6 p., 2008; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002143. viability analysis of bearded vultures in the Alps. t Mery, F., S. A. M. Varela, E. Danchin, S. Blan- J. Appl. Ecol., 46, 92-100, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365- chet, D. Parejo, I. Coolen, R. H. Wagner: Public 2664.2008.01585.x. versus personal information for mate copying in an t White, J., R. H. Wagner, F. Helfenstein, S. A. invertebrate. Curr. Biol., 19, 730-734, 2009; doi: Hatch, H. Mulard, L. C. Naves, E. Danchin: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.064. Multiple deleterious effects of experimentally aged t Moodley, Y., B. Linz, Y. Yamaoka, H. M. Windsor, sperm in a monogamous bird. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. S. Breurec, J.-Y. Wu, A. Maady, S. Bernhöft, J.-M. USA, 105, (37) 13947-13952, 2008; doi: 10.1073/ Thiberge, S. Phuanukoonnon, G. Jobb, P. Siba, D. Y. pnas.0803067105. Graham, B. J. Marshall, M. Achtman: The peopling t Zala, S. M., B. K. Chan, St. D. Bilbo, W. K. Potts, of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective. Science, R. J. Nelson, D. J. Penn: Genetic resistance to 323, 527-530, 2009; doi: 10.1126/science.1166083. infection influences a male’s sexual attractiveness t Mulard, H., E. Danchin, S. L. Talbot, A. M. and modulation of testosterone. Brain Behav. Ramey, S. A. Hatch, J. F. White, F. Helfenstein, Immun., 22, (3) 381-387, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j. R. H. Wagner: Evidence that pairing with geneti- bbi.2007.09.003.

*"+*Y8^- posium, entitled Darwin and Behavioural Sciences, at the Conference /Q9|( @#;+8Q/!@#/# +!!!##!#!(( European Society for Evolutionary Biology, as part of the society’s efforts to improve public education and counter intelligent design and other forms of creationism. 37

Earth Sciences

Institute for Geographic Information Science

Head: Josef Strobl

Aims and Functions Competence in spatial communication and spatial think- The Institute for Geographic Information Science ing is the foundation for the practical use of geospatial ‘GIScience’ is focussed on basic research for information in business and daily life. Transfer into and Geoinformatics. Spatial Analysis and Spatial Data through schools is therefore actively supported, with the Infrastructures are core themes complemented by additional objective of fostering interest in academic transversal work on the modeling of space-time phenomena programmes within the science and technology fields. and the introduction of ‘thinking spatially’ to learners from target groups in formal and informal education. Results for 2008–2009 Our goal is to advance Geographic Information Science Geographic Information Science is considered the through interdisciplinary research with a strong focus theoretic basis and conceptual foundation for geoin- on conceptual and methodological aspects. The formatics as a methodology. GIScience researches the ÖAW Institute for GIScience intends to be a leading representation as models, the organisation, analysis research entity recognized for its contributions to and visual communication of all kinds of georefer- and international leadership in the foundations of enced information. It thus serves as the foundation Geoinformatics. This is being achieved by addressing for applications of Geographic Information Systems carefully selected key topics at the leading edge of (‘GIS’) in industry, public administration and in the international research in GIScience. personal sphere of individuals. Space and Time The aim of spatial analysis is to extract information One group within the GIScience Institute explores from georeferenced empirical data. Research objectives the cognitive, social and operational aspects of space are directed at advanced remote sensing image analysis, at the geostatistical analysis of 3D and 4D data sets and the modeling and simulation of dynamic processes.

Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) are complex architectures supporting the full spectrum of Geo-ICT applications. The implementation of distributed geo-databases requires an extensive set of continuously evolving standards. The GIScience unit contributes to current research on metadata, catalog services and portal development in collaboration with national and international consortia.

Integrated Space-Time analysis is based on extended *+(%9)8+"Y- data models, and requires dedicated analytical strat- | egies as well. Research aims are directed at the de- #(;/(%9 )8!#0)"Y velopment of new analytical operators for spatiotem- 0 + ( poral data as well as their validation across various #(?( application contexts. #;|^ "> Institute for Geographic Information Science

*+D8+(% #( LuLc-Class if their aspect is different by > |^

and time in GIScience. This transversal research topic geostatistics and the regionalization of dynamic is a common base for many team members. Examples processes. In December 2009, we submitted an of research in 2008-2009 are the spatio-temporal “FWF” application for funding a stand-alone project modeling of natural reforestation considering the researching the heterogeneous knowledge of GIScience GIScience perspective, or global scale trends analysis geoinformatics and image processing capabilities. based on a worldwide statistical database. Another A major new initiative was launched in the area of research focus is on analyzing existing and developing object-based image analysis; OBIA – 3D and 4D new geovisualization concepts for the mapping of modeling (paper accepted by the International Journal change. This cooperative work within the GIScience of Remote Sensing). Institute explores options to visualize and analyze the dynamic properties of geo-related processes. Learning to Think Spatially Successful acquisition and communication of spatial Spatial Data Infrastructures knowledge is required across all segments of society. In Our research contributes to the specification of 2009 the research focus was on providing knowledge interoperable services like metadata and catalog on collaborative learning environments with a specific implementations and to advanced multi-dimensional emphasis on value added by spatial representation data models, the integration of real-time sensor input and collaborative vizualisation. After successfully and open interfacing across systems architectures. In completing a project within the national “Sparkling 2009 we have submitted the first report for the FP7 Science” initiative, we have recently successfully project within the eContent+ framework; NatureSDIplus, applied for a two year Sparkling Science Project entitled a project which contributes to the INSPIRE initiative. “Geovisualisation and Communication in Participatory Decision Processes”. Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Simulation Research questions address segmentation-based Bibliography information extraction from remotely sensed imagery t Ahamer, G., A. Car, R. Marschallinger, G. and computer tomography as well as multidimensional Wallentin, F. Zobl: How to map perspectives.

*"+DY)+( \** Institute for Geographic Information Science "<

Fig. 4: Time and Space: The TREELIM model was developed in the NetLogo modelling framework to simulate tree line QV

Ubiquitous Comput. Commun. J. (UbiCC), 4, (3) mammal teeth using micro CT and object based 609-617, 2009;. image analysis, in: Computational Vision and t Car, A., O. Dahlman, B. Andersson, and P. Zeil: Medical Image Processing, J. M. R. S. Tavares and Games and scenarios in the context of GMOSS, R. M. Natal Jorge (Eds.), pp. 395-399, CRC Press, in: Remote Sensing from Space: Supporting Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 464 p., 2009. International Peace and Security, B. Jasani, M. t Drăguţ, L., T. Schauppenlehner, A. Muhar, J. Pesaresi, S. Schneiderbauer and G. Zeug (Eds.), pp. Strobl, and T. Blaschke: Optimization of scale 71-86, Springer, Netherlands, 297 p., 2009; doi: and parametrization for terrain segmentation: An 10.1007/978-1-4020-8484-3_6. application to soil-landscape modeling. Comput. t Fischer, F.: Volunteered Geographic Information Geosci., 35, (9) 1875-1883, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j. - Baustein zukünftiger Geoinformations- cageo.2008.10.008, 2008. infrastrukturen?, in: Geokommunikation im Umfeld t Wallentin, G., U. Tappeiner, J. Strobl, and E. der Geographie, Karel Kriz, Wolfgang Kainz und Tasser: Understanding alpine tree line dynamics: Andreas Riedl (Hrsg.), Wiener Schriften zur Geo- An individual based model. Ecol. Model., 218, 235- graphie und Kartographie 19, Wien, 218 S., 2009. 246, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.005. t Hofmann, P., J. Strobl, and T. Blaschke: t Jekel, T., Die Macht der Karten und die Macht der Quantifying the robustness of fuzzy rule sets in Kinder. Versuch einer Begründung des Lernens object based image analysis. Int. J. Remote Sens., mit Geoinformation, in: kind : macht : raum, K. accepted, 2010. Dobler, T. Jekel and H. Pichler (Hrsg), S. 62–75, t Marschallinger, R., Ch. Eichkitz, H. Gruber, Wichmann, Heidelberg, 173 S., 2008. K. Heibl, R. Hofmann, and K. Schmid: The t Lang, S., S. Schoepfer, D. Hoelbling, T. Blaschke, Gschliefgraben Landslide (Austria): A Remediation M. Moeller, T. Jekel, E. Kloyber: Quantifying Approach involving Torrent and Avalanche and Qualifying Urban Green by Integrating Control, Geology, Geophysics, Geotechnics and Remote Sensing, GIS and Social Sciences, in: Geoinformatics. Austrian J. Earth Sci., 102, (2) 36- Use of Landscape Sciences for the Assessment of 51, 2009. Environmental Security, Petrosillo et al. (Eds.), pp. t Hofmann, P., R. Marschallinger, and G. Daxner- 93-105, Springer Press, Netherlands, 497 p., 2008; Höck: 3D volume modelling of fossil small doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_6. 40

Center for Geosciences

Head: Hans P. Schönlaub

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Center for Geosciences (GWZ) was founded Prospective interdisciplinary research topics within the in 2008 as a managing organization for a uniform four earth scientific commissions have already been representation of the earth sciences both within the discussed by the members of the GWZ. Since no joint Austrian Academy of Sciences and in public. Besides scientific activities have been carried out so far, the having its own responsibilities, the center encompasses reports for 2008-2009 will be separate ones for each and coordinates the following commissions of the of the commissions. A joint report for the geoscience Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of activities of the academy will be submitted from hope- the academy that focus on the earth sciences: fully 2010 onwards. t Commission for the Paleontological and Stratigra- In 2008 two meetings of the center were held. Besides phical Research of Austria general topics, such as reports of the center and the t Commission for Geophysical Research commissions involved, space and personnel questions t Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw and logistical aspects, a number of specific items were Materials discussed during these meetings: t Commission for Quaternary Research. t By-laws of the Center for Geosciences t Scientific Advisory Board of the Center for Geo- The duties of the Center for Geosciences according to sciences the by-laws include the following: t Administrative and logistical support of the geos- t Identifying innovative geoscientific research topics cience commissions by the Center for Geosciences t Initiating and supporting interdisciplinary geosci- t Financial administration of the geoscience com- entific research projects missions t Presenting a uniform face and coordinatiing the t AkademIS (the science information system of the earth sciences both within the academy as well as academy) in public t Eduard Suess Lectures 2009-2010 t Organizing outreach activities in the geosciences t Strategy-Workshop Geosciences 2009 t Aiding the scientific commissions in some of their t Joint Symposium of the geoscience commissions of administrative duties the academy during 2009 t Preparing a joint annual report for the geoscience t Attendance of various scientific conferences in activities of the academy. Austria and abroad.

The members of the Center for Geosciences include a A draft of the by-laws, as well as the list of the pro- head and a deputy head, as well as the chairmen and posed members of the Scientific Advisory Board, were deputies of the four geoscience commissions of the acad- prepared during the fall 2008 meeting held jointly emy. They meet at least twice a year for consultations. with the members of the GWZ and both were sub- The Center for Geosciences has a Scientific Advisory mitted to the Presiding Committee of the Academy. Board (SAB), which consists of six renowned interna- In addition, the needs and wishes of the various com- tional geoscientists. The SAB provides advice and con- missions that are part of the center were canvassed trol for the center on scientific topics and support in and administrative support according to the limited performing its duties. capacities of the center was agreed on. All financial Center for Geosciences 41 aspects remain the responsibility and duty of each respective commission, as the commissions receive their budget directly from the academy.

At the beginning of 2009 the Presiding Committee of the Academy approved the by-laws and the members of the Scientific Advisory Board of the GWZ. The in- augural meeting of the SAB including the election of the chair and vice-chair was held in May 2009. During the subsequent Geoscience Symposium and Strategy- Workshop current research activities and main results of the commissions were presented and innovative research topics of social relevance were discussed. Prospective thematic cooperation has been identified within topics concerning paleoclimate, Quaternary geology and raw material issues, geophysics and in the Carnian Stage of the Late Triassic.

The executive board of the GWZ was engaged in planning and organizing the “Eduard Suess Lectures” (named after the former President of the Academy and famous Austrian geologist). The first two of the total six high-quality lectures dealing with geoscience topics of public interest and importance were held in October and December 2009 (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/ shared/news/2009/info_suess_lectures.html).

In connection with the current discussion on restructuring of the academy, a proposal for “Perspectives 2020” for the Center for Geosciences was requested by the Presiding Committee of the Academy at the end of September 2009. The critical statement, prepared by the GWZ executive board, should be understood to be the initiation of a discussion process and due to time constraints this paper could not be coordinated with the heads of the four commissions or with the Science Advisory Board of the GWZ.

Bibliography As a consequence of the current structure and the limited resources, no publications of the Center for Geo- sciences are available at this time. 42

Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria

Head: Werner E. Piller

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria (CPSA) focuses on Reef-Ecosystems the two basic topics in earth sciences, palaeontology and Within the project Upper Triassic reefs of the Northern stratigraphy. It aims to foster basic scientific knowledge Calcareous Alps work at the internationally famous in this field of science but also to provide its sound model reef of the Steinplatte (Tyrol/Salzburg) was documentation and presentation. finished in 2008 and published in 2009 (B. Kaufmann). The original goal of the commission was the edition For the first time the complex subsidence/uplift history of the “Catalogus Fossilum Austriae” (CFA), which of this carbonate platform has been demonstrated. represents a systematic encyclopaedia of all described Besides this study another model reef of the Northern and indicated fossils on Austrian territory. Besides this Calcareous Alps, the Adnet Reef (Salzburg), has been particular aim of the commission the field of activity, studied as part of a joint project with the TU Berlin. however, has considerably broadened during the last This study focussed on the diagenetic history of this years. In direct connection with the fossil documentation reef and was able to demonstrate a complex sequence of in CFA the database “OETYP” has been established to karstification and flooding events of this reef by eustatic provide public online access to all palaeontological types sea level changes and tectonics. and figured materials of Austrian fossil collections. Starting with 2006, the CPSA put its main emphasis The project Devonian Reefs of Austria was continued with on Palaeoecosystems as a prime scientific research target a focus in the Carnic Alps (T. J. Suttner). One of the and considers the identification of specific Austrian topics was the study of subaeral exposure and erosion topics out of this very broad scientific field as a mission. of reefs during the Middle Devonian and the resulting The scientific researchers have to adopt innovative sedimentary gap spanning from the Middle Devonian methods in their particular projects and these have to to the Lower Carbonifereous (Fig. 1). These studies were be integrated into international perspectives, however, part of IGCP project 503, Early Paleozoic Palaeogeo- an Austrian component has still to be visible. graphy and Palaeoclimate, which provided additional In Stratigraphy a broad spectrum should be covered funding and an international frame for the project. out of this wide thematic field. The basis for this is the “Stratigraphic Chart of Austria 2004 (sedimentary Cenozoic Palaeoecosystems of Austria sequences)” which includes most lithostratigraphic The project Stratigraphy and Facies in the Lower Miocene units on Austrian territory (http://www.uni-graz.at/ of the Molasse Zone was carried out in cooperation gepwww/forschung/Stratigraphische_Tabelle_von_ with the Rohöl Aufsuchungs AG (RAG) by funding a Oesterreich_2004.pdf). These units have to be described Ph.D.-project (P. Grunert). Within this project, drill- and documented in detail, they also have to be put cores of Lower Miocene sediments of the Molasse into an international context and properly evaluated. Basin of Upper Austria and Salzburg are under study The database “LITHSTRAT” acts as a documentation with respect to stratigraphy and facies (Fig. 2). The tool for the units. Besides this basic work also modern palaeontological focus deals with foraminifers and stratigraphic principles and methods have to be applied dinoflagellate cysts. In addition geochemical proxies are to Austrian rocks and sediments, to develop a broad also under study. To enhance the general stratigraphic based integrated stratigraphy in Austria. base for the Molasse Zone, the type locality for the Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria 43

*+|#(?;^/8)Y# succession a reworking horizon indicates a sedimentary gap, spanning the middle Devonian to the Lower Carboniferous. regional chronostratigraphic stage of the Ottnangian, Publication projects Ottnang-Schanze, has been re-studied and re-evaluated The documentation of all described fossil fishes from (M. Harzhauser, NHM Vienna; W. E. Piller, Univer- Austrian territory within the CFA has been continued sity of Graz; S. Coric, Geological Survey Vienna). An by O. Schultz (NHM Vienna). additional study deals with the spectacular finding of the sunfish Austromola angerhoferi. This megafossil was Cooperations and Meetings found together with other micro- and megafossils in a In cooperation with the Italian Stratigraphic Commission “Konservat Lagerstatte” near Pucking (Upper Austria). evaluation and revision of the Paleozoic lithostratigraphic The current project deals with a palaeoceanographic and units of the Carnic Alps has been initiated. Cooperation environmental reconstruction of the site and also with with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Nanjing on the the specific fossilisation conditions of this Lagerstatte. Lower/Middle Devonian of Xinjang has been continued Work on the catalogue on dinoflagellate cysts has been as well as the study of “Devonian Biotic Events” with continued in the Lower Miocene but has been extended the Czech Geological Survey. into the Oligocene (A. Soliman, University of Graz). In July 2008 the international workshop “Methods in The project on Palaeolimnology has been intensified by Ostracodology” was organized by D. Danielopol, M. collaboration between D. Danielopol (free collaborator), Gross und W. E. Piller in Graz in cooperation with M. Harzhauser (NHM Vienna), W. E. Piller (University colleagues from Spain and Great Britain. In September of Graz) and M. Gross (Universalmuseum Joanneum, 2009 the internationally attended “Paleozoic Seas Graz) on the Upper Miocene Lake Pannon. Detailed Symposium” was held in Graz organized by T. J. analyses of drill-cores have been carried out which allow Suttner, B. Hubmann, W. E. Piller. the detection of environmental changes on a decadal scale. These analyses have been performed with fossils Bibliography (ostracods, molluscs) and using also geochemical/ t Belmecheri, S., T. Namiotko, C. Robert, U. Von geophysical proxies. Grafenstein, and D. L. Danielopol: Climate controller preservation in Lake Ohrid (Albania, Database projects Macedonia). Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 277, 236-245, Work on the databases “OETYP” (coordinator: A. 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.013. Kroh, NHM Vienna) (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/oetyp/ t Danielopol, D. L., M. Artheau, and P. Marmonier: palhome.htm) and “LITHSTRAT” (coordinator: I. Site prioritisation for the protection of rare Zorn, Geological Survey Vienna) has been continued. subterranean species – the cases of two ostracods 44 Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria

Fig. 2: Characteristic clayey-sandy silts with small- scaled cross-bedding from the Eggenburgian Hall * O^ DP ^( 8

from south-western France. Freshwater Biol., glacial sediments of Lake Mondsee (Austria). 54, 877-884, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365- Crustaceana, 82, 1209-1212, 2009; doi: 2427.2008.02033.x. 10.1163/156854009X454612. t Humphreys, W. F., L. S. Kornicker, and D. L. t Reinhold, C., and B. Kaufmann: Sea-level changes Danielopol: On the origin of Danielopolina as controlling factor of early diagenesis: The reefal baltanási sp. n. (Ostracoda, Thaumatocypridoidea) limestones of Adnet (Late Triassic, Northern from three anchialine caves on Christmas Calcareous Alps, Austria). Facies, 56, 231-248, Island, a seamount in the Indian Ocean. 2010; doi: 10.1007/s10347-009-0197-1. Crustaceana, 82, 1177-1203, 2009; doi: t Soliman, A., T. J. Suttner, A. Lukeneder, and 10.1163/156854009X423157. H. Summesberger: Dinoflagellate cysts and t Kaufmann, B: The Steinplatte complex (Late Ammonoids from Upper Cretaceous sediments Triassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) – of the Pemberger Quarry (Krappfeld, Carinthia, subsidence-controlled development of a carbonate- Austria). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien A, 110, 401- platform-to-intrashelfbasin-transition. Acta Geol. 421, 2009. Polonica, 59, (3) 341–357, 2009. t Suttner, T. J.: An ozarkodinid conodont cluster t Korn, D., and B. Kaufmann: A High-Resolution from Kirchfidisch (Lower Devonian, Austria). Relative Time Scale For The Viséan Stage Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien A, 111, 233-244, 2009. (Carboniferous) Of The Kulm Basin (Rhenish t Suttner, T. J.: Lower Devonian conodonts of Mountains, Germany). Geol. J., 44, 306-321, the “Baron von Kottwitz” quarry (Southern 2008; doi: 10.1002/gj.1143. Burgenland, Austria). Palaeontogr. Am., 62, 75-87, t Namiotko, T., D. L. Danielopol, M. Pichler, and 2009. U. Von Grafenstein: Occurrence of an Arctic t Suttner, T. J., B. Hubmann, and W. E. Piller: Paleo- ostracod species, Fabaeformiscandona harmsworthi zoic Seas Symposium. Berichte des Institutes für (Scott, 1899) (Ostracoda, Candonidae) in late Erdwissenschaften 14, Universität Graz, 94 S., 2009. 45

Commission for Geophysical Research

Head: Michael Kuhn

Aims and Functions Together with two existing Austrian glacier inventories The Commission for Geophysical Research that (1969 and 1998) the obtained laser scanning data gives originally included the Commission for Seismics as the opportunity to quantify area and volume changes well as the Commission for Aero-electric Research was over the past almost 40 years at three dates for 81 glaciers founded in 1952. In 1991 it was combined with the (116 km2) in the Ötztal Alps which accounts for more Commission for High-alpine Research and renamed than a quarter of Austria’s glacier extent (Fig. 1). Glacier “Commission for Geophysical Research”. area and volume have reduced drastically with significant differences within the individual size classes. Between The scope of this commission has been concentrated on 1997 and 2006 an overall area loss of 10.5 km2 or 8.2% the subjects of glaciology, seismics and gravimetry with occurred. Volume has been reduced by 1.0 km3 which its focus on the Austrian glacier inventory, contributions accounts for a mean thickness change of 8.2 m. The to international projects in depth-reflection seismics in availability of three comparable inventories (1969, 1998 the Alps as well as gravimetry-measurements in Austria. and 2006) allows a comprehensive analysis of glacier The glaciology project Austrian Glacier Inventory with changes over all size classes but lacks a high temporal a 3d-inventory (ice- thickness - area - volume) gained resolution. We therefore used glacier length as well as special international importance. The gravimetric map mass balance measurements from all available glaciers of Austria counts as another outstanding contribution within the study area to analyse the potential course of of the Commission for Geophysical Research. glacier changes in terms of area and volume. Extracting the course of changes out of this additional data material Results for 2008–2009 allows a rough estimation of mean annual area and volume changes and thus acceleration trends. We found, The Austrian glacier inventory that mean annual volume and thickness losses have Besides the statistical evaluation of the 1998-inventory, increased considerably more than mean area changes. we applied a simple, reliable and time-economic method to derive recent changes in glacier area and volume A further step in understanding regionally different by taking advantage of high resolution laser scanning acceleration trends used meteorological reanalysis DEMs (digital elevation models) from the year 2006. data (ERA40) and a gridded precipitation dataset

* + @0 boundary delineation as well as calculated volume changes on Rotmoos- and V

*+;(- tion Austria. 46 Commission for Geophysical Research

reflection data of the line TR0503 gained from the ÖAW projects “Development of geophysical methods for the spatial investigation of time-variant movements of rock masses: ÖAW Research Programme Geophysik der Erdkruste (GdE)” and “Integrated geophysical studies of Alpine inhomogeneous mass movements Gschliefgraben / Upper Austria: ÖAW Research Fig. 3: Course of the Karl Eder in the Traunsee. Programme International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)” were processed.

(HISTALP). Fig. 2 shows mean annual winter The data acquisition was carried out in March 2005; the precipitation and all Austrian glaciers. The mass data were recorded using a seismic instrument mounted balance model driven with this data is able to reproduce at the Karl-Eder vessel. As energy source a water-gun measured mass balance changes well and allows for was used. The positions were determined by a GPS implementation on unmeasured glaciers. A higher receiver mounted at the Karl-Eder vessel recording the temporal resolution as well as a reconstruction of time and position data in a 2 seconds interval (Fig. 3). mass balances back to 1950 is the result of this study. The data were processed by ProMAX, a processing The temporal as well as spatial variability of tuning package used worldwide primarily for the exploration parameters has been investigated and interpreted. of Oil- and Gas reservoirs. In a first step the line was partitioned in clearly interpretable sections, 7 west- Marine Seismic Survey Traunsee, Processing Line east and 5 north-south aligned profiles (Fig. 4a). The TR0503 geodesic data necessary for processing were determined Within the framework “Deep reflection seismic” using the GPS recordings. The signal/noise ratio was and “Neotectonic analysis of seismic data”, seismic significantly increased using true amplitude recovery,

Fig. 4: Stack Sections and VY Commission for Geophysical Research 47

t Escher-Vetter, H., M. Kuhn, and M. Weber: Four decades of winter mass balance of Vernagt- ferner and Hintereisferner, Austria: Methodology and results. Ann. Glaciol., 50, 87-95, 2009; doi: 10.3189/172756409787769672. t Knoll, C., H. Kerschner, and J. Abermann: Devel- opment of South Tyrolean glaciers since the Little Ice Age maximum. Zs. Gletscherkunde Glazialgeol., 42, (1) 19-36, 2009. t Kuhn, M., A. Lambrecht, J. Abermann, G. Patzelt und G. Gross 2009: Die österreichischen Glet- scher 1998 und 1969. Flächen- und Volumenän- derungen, Kommission für die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen des Bundesmi- * W+ 8 V nisteriums für Landesverteidigung, Projektbericht Z8(D(> 10, Verlag Österreichische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Wien, 128 S., 2009. water-gun delay correction and noise reduction t Kuhn, M., J. Abermann, M. Bacher and M. Olefs: processes; a big challenge in the process was the The transfer of mass balance profiles to unmeas- considerable amount of monofrequent noise. Through ured glaciers. Ann. Glaciol., 50, (1) 185-190, 2009; stacking the final, interpretable sections as shown in doi: 10.3189/172756409787769618. Fig. 4b were created. The depth map depicted in Fig. 4c t Kuhn, M., J. Abermann, M. Olefs, A. Fischer, and is a by-product of the water-gun delay correction; it A. Lambrecht: Gletscher im Klimawandel: Aktu- was established transforming seismic travel times into elle Monitoringprogramme und Forschungen zur depth by the use of seismic water velocities estimated Auswirkung auf den Gebietsabfluss im Ötztal, from the data. The final interpretation is currently in Mitteilungsblatt des Hydrographischen Dienstes in progress and will provide new insight concerning the Österreich, 86, 31-48, 2009. geologic realities close to the Gschliefgraben. t Kuhn, M.: Klimawandel und Gletscherschwund, in: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Bibliography österreichische Wasserwirtschaft, Bundesministerium t Abermann, J., A. Lambrecht, A. Fischer, and M. für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Kuhn: Quantifying changes and trends in glacier Wasserwirtschaft und Österreichischer Wasser- area and volume in the Austrian Ötztal Alps (1969– und Abfallwirtschaftsverband (Hrsg.), S. 129–140, 1997–2006). The Cryosphere, 3, 205-215, 2009. Wien, 204 S., 2009. =>

Commission for Quaternary Research

Head: Gernot Rabeder

Aims and Functions the Middle Pleistocene (approx. 700,000 years before The main aim of the commission is to promote research present). These conclusions are based on the extremely which has a connection to the Quaternary period. well preserved skull and postcranial remains of the Included fields of research are: glaciology, palaeontology, bears from Deutsch-Altenburg. anthropology, geology of the Quaternary, dating, and palaeoclimatology - the latter has a prominent Comparison of all known cave bear faunas of the Alps position within the aforementioned fields of research. showed an extraordinary correlation between metrical In addition, the reconstruction of the climatic changes and morphodynamic values against the sea level of the in the Alps between the Middle Pleistocene and the cave’s entrances. The correlation varies among species. Holocene is a current key aspect of the research group. Ursus spelaeus eremus and U.ladinicus show a negative These palaeo-climatologic studies are based on material correlation between dimensions and sea-level (i.e. the that shows evidence of former climatic trends such as: higher the sea-level, the smaller the mean values of traces and sediments of glaciers, sediments of rivers and length and width in teeth and bones), while in Ursus lakes, loess and soil, decline of ice in caves, abundant ingressus, morphodynamic indices increase with the fossil cave sites. All of these are controlled by climatic higher sea-level of the cave. changes: traces of glaciers and moraines indicate former spread of glaciers and lake and turf sediments show A research project in Romania and the Ural-Caucasus effects of climatic changes in fauna and flora as well has been started. The aim is to clarify the systematic as in sinter and ice in caves. Loess and cave-sediments position of the cave bears in these regions, particularly show remains of fossil bones and artefacts which the small-sized Ursus rossicus, and the bears from preserve evidence of the environmental conditions Peştera cu Oase, and to detect possible latest survivors former humans and animals lived in. of cave bears, as well as possible refuge areas for other Late Pleistocene large mammals. Results for 2008–2009 Calcareous tuff deposits in Austria Chronology, migration and systematics of bears (R. Pavuza & co-scientists) (G. Rabeder & co-scientists) We find spectacular calcareous tuff deposits where An important step towards a better knowledge of the calciferous spring water has lost carbon dioxide because phylogeny of large bears (genus Ursus) was managed. of strong turbulences and the biological activity of The origin of brown bears was clarified by studying plants - primarily of algae and mosses. The consequence the fossil bear remains from Deutsch-Altenburg 2 and of these activities is coagulation of calcium carbonate. 4 (lower Early Pleistocene 1.3 until 1.2 million years Examination of the calcareous tuff deposits brings, on before present): they are to be deduced directly from the the one hand, information about the seasonally solid Etruscan bears (Ursus etruscus). All other bear remains fluctuation in the spring water and on the other hand, of the Early Pleistocene in Europe (and described by an indication for postglacial climate fluctuations since various names) are primitive brown bears. Based on the sedimentation rate is obviously also connected the first valid name, these have to be termed Ursus with the environmental temperatures - the number of arctos suessenbornensis. The cave bear line represented calcareous tuff deposits therefore decreases significantly by Ursus deningeri is not proved until the beginning of with the sea height (and with the temperature). Commission for Quaternary Research =<

The research of the fossil fauna (primarily gastropods) as well as the radiometric dating of the organic remains, allows for a good geochronological classification. Until now, only approx. 100 calcareous tuff deposits could be included in a database – only a small fraction of the existing deposits in Austria.

Gravettien of Krems-Wachtberg (Ch. Neugebauer Maresch & co-scientists) Continuation of the project Krems-Wachtberg (Prehis- toric Commission, AAS with support of FWF P19347): after the unique results of the explored baby burials in 2005 and 2006, the accompanying fireplace was discovered in 2007, the partial recovery in 2008 made a reconstruction of this multi-staged fireplace possible.

Intense thunderstorms as well as long negotiations with the landowner, Lower Austria and the ÖAW, hindered the excavations in 2008. In the fall of 2008 (Fig. 3) and winter 2008/2009 the work could be continued with the construction of the cellar in collaboration with the Austrian Academy of Science. Further examinations were able to take place in the shell of the cellar in the summer and fall of 2009. */OOP/

An extensive series of wood coal samples were dated at Praehistoric land use and colonization the VERA laboratory in Vienna and this information is in the Tyrolean Alps (G. Patzelt) published in the magazine “Radiocarbon”. It seems to be The investigations of the prehistoric human land use well documented that the culture layer and the burials of the Alps near the forest line was continued in the are from a temporal horizon of about 27,000 BP. Ötztaler- and Stubaier Alps with the focal point in the area of Kühtai (mountains of Sellrain, Northern Stubaier Alps). Ten areas of slashing and burning as well as 41 fireplaces in huts of herder (in altitudes of 2,500m and more) near the ancient forest line could be dated by radiocarbon methods. Most of the samples come from the Bronze Age and from the Latène- Roman times. In medieval times and the early modern periode the “alp use” followed the consumption of firewood top down into the wodded belt.

Bibliography t Einwögerer T., M. Händel, C. Neugebauer-Mare- sch, U. Simon, P. Steier, M. Teschler-Nicola, E. M. Wild: 14C Dating of the Upper Palaeolithic Site at Krems-Wachtberg, Austria. Radiocarbon, 51, (2) 847-855, 2009. t Knapp, M., N. Rohland, J. Weinstock, G. Barysh- nikov, A. Sher, D. Nagel, G. Rabeder, R. Pinhasi, H. Schmitt, M. Hofreiter: First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergen- Fig. 1. Skeleton of forearm of Ursus arctos suessenbornensis from ces and complex physlogeographic patterns. Mol. @|;Y8( Ecol., 18, (6) 1225-1238, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 8+Q 294X.2009.04088.x. 50 Commission for Quaternary Research

*"OV(+OV((O0#PX||O@8V t Krause, J., T. Unger, A. Nocon, A.-S. Malaspi- t Pacher, M., and A. J. Stuart: Extinction chronology nas, S.-O. Kolokotronis, M. Stiller, L. Soibel- and paleoecology of the cave bear Ursus spelaeus. zon, H. Spriggs, P. H. Dear, A. W. Briggs, S. C. Boreas, 38, (2) 189-206, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1502- E. Bray, St.J. O‘Brien, G. Rabeder, P. Matheus, 3885.2008.00071.x. A. Cooper, M. Slatkin, S. Paabo, M. Hofreiter: t Reitner, J. M.: The potential of historic rockfalls as Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radi- CRONUS-EU calibration sites: Chlorine-36 data ation of extinct and extant bears near the Mioce- from the Alps. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 10, EGU2008- ne-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evol. Biol., 8, 220, A-07189, 2008. 12 p., 2008. t Rabeder, G., I. Debeljak, M. Hofreiter, and G. t Neugebauer-Maresch Chr. (Hrsg.), Krems-Hunds- Withalm: Morphological response of cave bears steig – Mammutjägerlager der Eiszeit. Ein Nut- (Ursus spelaeus group) to high-alpine habitats. Die zungsareal paläolithischer Jäger- und Sammler(- Höhle, 59, (1-4), 59-70, 2008. innen) vor 41.000 - 27.000 Jahren. Mitt. Prähist. t Rabeder, G., M. Pacher, and G. Withalm: Early Plei- Komm. 67, Wien, 347 S., 2008. stocene bear remains from Deutsch-Altenburg (Lower t Oeggl, K., F. Mathis; J. Moser, I. Schneider, W. Austria). Mitt. Komm. Quartärforsch, 17, 1-135, 2009. Leitner, G. Tomedi, T. Stöllner, R. Krause, E. t Richards, M. P., M. Pacher, M. Stiller, J. Quilès, M. Pernicka, P. Tropper, J. Schibler, K. Nicolussi, K. Hofreiter, S. Constantin, J. Zilhao, and E. Trinkaus, Hanke: The history of mining activities in the Ty- 2008. Isotopic evidence for omnivory among European rol and adjacent areas: Impact on environment and cave bears: Late Pleistocene Ursus spelaeus from the human societies (HiMAT). Antiquity, 82, (317), Peştera cu Oase, Romania. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, Sept. 2008; online version. (2) 600-604, 2008; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711063105. 51

Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials

Head: Horst Wagner

Aims and objectives Results for 2008–2009 The aims and objectives of the commission are: In the period under review work concentrated on t Promotion of research activities finalizing the key research area “Distribution and t Coordination of research activities characteristics of facies-bound mineralizations of t Promotion of international co-operation the Carnian stage of the Eastern Alps”. Additionally t Creating an awareness in the general public of the in 2009 the new key research area “Construction importance of mineral resources minerals” was added to the program.

The commission achieves this by Further works concentrated on in the other key t Creating a multidisciplinary discussion platform research areas: (the commission) t Identifying key research areas in the field of “Element mobility and formation of mineral deposits mineral resources during the Alpine orogeny of the Eastern Alps” t Sponsoring and/or supporting research projects R. GÖD et al investigated tourmalinites which are t Publication of research results minor but regionally spread lithological elements t Collecting funding within the “Grobgneiss Complex”, a tectonic unit t Supporting exchange programmes for scientists predominantly composed of orthogneisses and t Promoting scientific development phyllonites which form part of the pre-Mesozoic t Creating public awareness of the importance polymetamorphic basement of the Eastern Alps. of minerals t Supporting the activities under the Austrian The tourmalinites form small, concordant lenses Minerals Plan and the European Raw Materials within the phyllonites displaying some few meters of Initiative. lateral extent and thicknesses hardly exceeding 0.5 m. The tourmalinites are mainly fine grained dark-black The programme of the commission is long range and rocks. Tourmaline and quartz account for 60 – 80 % focussed on identified research topics. These address by volume. Minor muscovite may occur locally. a number of open questions which were identified by Chlorite, apatite, clinozoisite and garnet band zircon the work on the “Metallogenetic Map of Austria”. Key are accessoric minerals. The tourmaline individuals are research areas are: zoned with greenish to bluish cores and dark brown t Element mobility and formation of mineral rims. Their geochemical composition corresponds to deposits during the Alpine orogeny of the Mg-rich schorls. The bulk chemistry of tourmalinites Eastern Alps is controlled by the mutual relation of tourmaline and t Mineral deposits and mineralization processes in quartz as emphasized by B2O3 contents varying between late orogenic shear zones of collision orogens 2.9 and 8.9 % by weight and resembles, discarding the t Distribution and characteristics of facies-bound elements boron and potassium, the composition of mineralizations of the Carnian stage of the the hosting phyllonites. The trace element pattern of Eastern Alps tourmalinites precludes marine environments as boron t Increasing the value of industrial minerals sources but does not allow discrimination between t Isotope map of Austria. sediments and granites as potential boron sources. 52 Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials

Fig. 1: Photomicrographs from tourmalinite +#- 00 #z((- +? 0z ( composed of randomly oriented angular z - viduals in the clast indicate an older weakly preserved foliation. Note: a, b and c: plane polarized light; d: cross polarized light.

Bulk chemistries of tourmalinites are in favour of tour- ples from the Guli-Massif yielded the following sig- malinite formation by in situ metasomatism of the nificant results. Two distinct types of inclusions were hosting sediments. However, the magma parental to observed, namely numerous very small inclusions and the primary rock of the Grobgneiss does not seem to be larger more irregular shaped inclusions with no pre- a likely source of the boron to form the tourmalinites. ferred orientation within the olivine grain. In many of Therefore, the origin of boron necessary to form tour- the latter inclusions a solid black-coloured phase could malinites remains unknown. The tourmalinites and be detected. The Raman spectra produced showed their host rocks experienced two metamorphic events, significant fluorescence, which can be associated with which on the basis of regional observations are inter- graphite. Raman spectroscopy carried out on more preted to be of Permian and of late Cretaceous Age. than 100 inclusions from all samples studied revealed Zoned garnets within phyllonites reflect clearly two the presence of methane gas in all samples measured, garnet generations whereas tourmalinite hosted gar- but not in each inclusion. nets display a continuous growth which corresponds to the younger garnet generation in the phyllonites. It The presence of antigorite was identified in all samples. is therefore concluded that the tourmalinites are pre- The presence of antigorite and the lack of fluid phase Alpine and also younger than the magma parental to within the inclusions suggest, that the fluid phase the primary magmatic rocks of the “Grobgneiss”. was consumed during serpenitisation of the walls of the inclusions. Cooling of methane-rich fluids below During the last year research of the “Mobility project” 600° C should promote the precipitation of graphite, also focussed on chromite and PGE occurrences in which is indicated in the fluid inclusions studied here. ophiolitic complexes, e.g. the Kraubath ultramafic The fact that both methane and carbon are present complex of the Eastern Alps. To compare the minerali- in the inclusions implies that gas-solid inclusions had sations hosted in ultrabasites of different geodynamic not been changed at a temperature around 500° C. settings O. Thalhammer investigated chromite sam- The presence of graphite at a temperature range of ples from the Guli Massif/Siberia, the largest Alaskian- 500 to 600° C indicates low oxygen fugacities (i.e. Uralian-type complex. The chromites in the Guli Mas- QFM=-0.6 to 0.8) in these magmatic fluid systems. sif are similar to those from ophiolites with respect to In summary this fluid inclusion study provides the their occurrence and chemistry. However, Os-isotope first indication for the minimum P-T-X conditions of data show very consistent 187Os/188Os ratios, clearly in mantle pluming under metasomatic conditions and contrast with those from ophiolites. The study of sam- mineralizing processes in the Guli Massif. Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials 53

“Isotope map of Austria” Considerable effort was devoted to the systematic collection of isotope data from Austria and neighbouring regions. To assist with the analysis and evaluation of data Rantisch and Russegger established a MS Access database linked with ArcGis 9.3.1 which contains all available data on stable isotopes 18 18 of oxygen ( OSMOW, OPDB), hydrogen (DSMOW), 34 13 sulfur ( SCDT) and carbon ( CPDB), radiogene strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and lead (208Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204P b,206Pb/204Pb) from mineral deposits in Austria. The structure of the database is closely linked to that of the metallogenetic map of Austria making it possible for the two databases to interact.

*+8#(0( “Walther-E.-Petrascheck-Award” ( On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the eminent Austrian geoscientist Walther Emil Petrascheck, an academy award for young scientists “Distribution and characteristics of facies-bound miner- and engineers working in the field of minerals research alizations of the Carnian stage of the Eastern Alps” was established. Dr. Doris Reischenbacher from the Gawlick studied lead-zinc deposits in the central University of Leoben was the second recipient of region of the Northern Calcareous Alps. The present this award. In her PhD thesis she investigated the tectonic setting does not indicate a systematic pattern formation of intramontane coal basins on the example of mineralisation. However on the basis of a paleo- of the Lavanttal coal basin. The thesis was a fine geographic reconstruction of the region, which is demonstration of the benefits of an interdisciplinary representative of the situation prior to the lateral research approach. tectonic extrusion, for example on the basis the Oligocene paleo-geography, it is observed that the Creating public awareness of the activities of the commission lead-zinc deposits occur within a narrow band which On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the corresponds to the Lower- as well as Upper-Tyrolic commission a symposium with the title “Mineral nappe blocks. These results suggest that prospecting resources - A challenge for research and minerals policy” strategies should be based on the paleo-geographic was held on April 15, 2008. The symposium attracted reconstruction of this region whilst giving also considerable interested and highlighted the dependency consideration to the multi-phase tectonic situation. of modern society on minerals.

Fig. 3: Locations of data documented in the Austrian isotope data base. 54 Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials

In addition members of the commission are actively of Minerals Research, Wien, 2009. engaged in Austrian and European minerals policy t Paar, W.H., et.al.: Daliranite, PbHgAs2Se, formulation. a new sulphosalt from the Zarshouran Au- As deposit, Tabak region, Iran. Mineralogical Bibliography Mag., 73, (5) 871-881, 2009; doi: 10.1180/min- t Göd, R., and G. Heiss: On the geochemistry and mag.2009.073.5.871. mineralogy of phyllite hosted tourmalinites - Easten t Unterweissacher, T., et al.: Geologie der Alps. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges., 155, p. 61, 2009. Magnesitlagerstätten im Raum Tavsanli (Türkei). t Thalhammer, O. A. R, and J. P. Pink: Fluid inclu- Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark, 139-149, 2009. sions in chromite and platinum deposits. Final Re- t Kucha, H., and J. G. Raith: Gold-oxysulphides port, Commission on Fundamentals of Minerals in copper deposits of the Greywacke Zone, Aus- Research, Wien, 2009. tria: A mineral chemical and infrared fluid inclu- t Gawlick, H.-J.: Temperaturüberprägungskartierung sion study. Ore Geol. Rev., 35, 87-100, 2009; doi: der Karbonate des Karn im Mittelabschnitt 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.10.004. der Nördlichen Kalkalpen – Möglichkeiten zur t Nishimura, C., J. Matsuda, and G. Kurat: Noble Abschätzung der Genese/Verteilung der Blei/ gas content and isotope abundances in phases of Zink Vererzungen. Final report, Commission on the Saint-Aubin (UNGR) iron meteorite. Meteorit. Fundamentals of Minerals Research, Wien, 2009. Planet. Sci., 43, (8) 1333-1350, 2008; doi: 10.1111/ t Gawlick, H.-J., and F. Schlagenweit, F: Revi- j.1945-5100.2008.tb00701.x. sion of the Tressenstein Limestone: reinterpre- t Hurai, V.; O. Lexa, K. Schulmann, R. Montigny, W. tation of the late Late Jurassic to ? Early Creta- Prochaska, W. Frank, P. Konecny, J. Kral, R. Thom- ceous platform –basin transition of the Plassen as, M. Chovan: Mobilization of ore fluids during Al- Carbonate Platform (Austria, Northern Cal- pine metamorphism: evidence from hydrothermal careous Alps). J. Alpine Geol., 51, 1-30, 2009. veins in the Variscan basement of Western Carpathi- t Rantitsch, R. und B. Russegger: Isotopen-Daten- ans, Slovakia. Geofluids, 8 , 181 – 207, 2008; doi: bank. Final report, Commission on Fundamentals 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00216.x 55

Mathematics, Simulation and Metrology

Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems

Head: Thilo Sauter

Aims and Functions mechanisms of various microcantilevers. The focus The institute was established in 2004, its basic idea was on a concise analytical and computer-numerical being to combine in a multidisciplinary way those modelling of all relevant physical effects dominating research fields that are essential for modern integrated in individual regions of the ambient pressure. These sensor systems: sensor technology, microelectronics, studies enabled the improvement of existing analytical and communication technology. The focus is on the models for the pressure dependence of the quality structural aspects of the investigated sensor systems, thus factor and resonance frequency. The developed models the weight of the three complementary fields can vary were verified using a specially developed vacuum from case to case. Adequate modelling plays a central chamber and a microsystem analyzer and now allow a role in both the analysis and design of sensor systems, precise prediction of the oscillatory behaviour over an and the methods employed range from the investigation extraordinarily wide pressure range. of analytical models to numerical analyses. For flow measurements, a new class of thermal flow The integration aspects the institute derives its name sensors was developed and investigated. The sensors from can be manifold. They comprise circuitry (with are based on the self-heating effect of microthermis- respect to miniaturization of the sensor or the com- tors embedded in a common thin membrane to achieve ponents relevant for signal processing) as well as thermal interaction enabling flow magnitude measure- functional aspects (mechanisms to increase fault tol- ments and flow direction recognition with very low erance, but also to combine various sensor principles power budget. An impressive demonstration of such in order to improve accuracy, measurement range, or sensors was achieved by the implementation of a com- robustness) or system-related aspects (in terms of con- puter mouse that exploits the air circulation within the necting sensors to higher-level systems). The institute thin air gap underneath the mouse body. has particular expertise in the areas of miniaturised thermal sensors, resonant micromechanical sensors, As a milestone towards fully implantable hearing aids optimized system architectures and signal processing in conjunction with cochlear stimulator prostheses, mi- for integrated sensors as well as synchronisation and cromechanical sensors were investigated enabling the security aspects in sensor networks. detection of tiny vibrations of ossicles inside the middle ear. This application demands a very challenging combi- Co-operation with external partners is of high sig- nation of sensitivity (5·10-13 mHz-1/2), sensor dimensions nificance in the definition and implementation of (<2 mm side length), weight (<25 mg), and power con- research projects. The institute collaborates with other sumption (<100 μW). We designed and investigated ca- research institutes (both university and non-univer- pacitive transducers that were produced from microma- sity) and industrial partners alike. Concrete projects chined Silicon in cooperation with a technology partner. comprise problems from automation, medical tech- Measurements showed that the first prototypes already nology, or test and measurement technology. largely fulfil the requirements. The very encouraging experimental results are complemented with a theoreti- Results for 2008–2009 cal study of the margin for further improvement of the Exploiting previous experience with resonant characteristics and for the first time demonstrate the magnetic field sensors we investigated the damping technological feasibility of the sensor concept. 56 Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems

expected for low-volume individualized products and single item production, since each order is controlled by an individual agent tracking and planning the execution of its order. For the RFIDs, a security system using asymmetric cryptography was developed to prevent attacks on the system. Tests showed that the developed agent platform by far exceeds the performance of state-of-the-art platforms and still maintains full compatibility with current standards.

Bibliography t Beigelbeck, R., F. Kohl, F. Keplinger, B. Jakoby: Closed-form 3D-analysis of membrane-based micromachined sensors measuring the thermal properties of liquids, in: Proceedings EUROSENSORS XXII Conference, Dresden, 7.-10.9.2008, Paper-Nr. Fig. 1: Investigation of a magnetically actuated microcantilever in a vacuum chamber underneath a microsystem analyser. The Helmholtz 593, pp. 76-79, 2008. t Bratukhin, A.: Production order life cycle in agent- based distributed manufacturing, in: Proceedings 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging The long-term research on fault tolerant clock syn- Technologies and Factory Automation, Hamburg, chronization in heterogeneous networks could be Germany, Sep. 2008, pp. 1496-1503, 2008. successfully finished. For the first time, a state-of- t Cerimovic, S., A. Talic, F. Kohl, R. Beigelbeck, the-art fault-tolerant clock synchronization solution J. Schalko, A. Jachimowicz: Micromachined flow according to the PTP standard was investigated and sensors enabling electrocalorimetric and TOF proposed for standardization. Another focus was the transduction. Procedia Chemistry, 1, (1) 132-135, analysis and development of security mechanisms for 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.033. distributed synchronization. As a by-product of the t Cerimovic, S., A. Talic, T. Sauter, F. Kohl, R. fundamental research, it was possible to find a novel Beigelbeck, J. Schalko, A. Jachimowicz: A novel model for crystal oscillators describing their statisti- thermal transduction method for sub-mW flow cal behavior in a very high level of detail. This model facilitates the understanding of systems aiming at highly accurate clock synchronization. On the other hand, simulation of large-scale networks comprising such oscillators becomes more efficient while at the same time increasing the simulation accuracy. Anoth- er highlight was a new world record in the synchronization accuracy of two computer clocks over Ether- net. For the first time it was possible to synchronize two nodes below 700 ps with respect to each other. This result from the laboratory will be used in further projects such as large-scale clock synchronization as in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

Within the focal area of Security and Integrable Net- works, we developed and evaluated an agent runtime environment scalable enough to run on an active RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag. This runtime environment is a basis for future intelligent Fig. 2: Micromechanical vibration sensor for an implantable middle manufacturing execution systems. The combination ear microphone. The insets show the partially movable electrodes of of software agents and RFIDs allows that the agent is a capacitor whose capacitance changes because of the vibrations, directly attached to the product. Special benefits are which yields the output signal. Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems 57

Fig. 3: Evaluation platform for high-accuracy clock synchronization in wired and wireless computer networks.

sensors, in: Proceedings IEEE Conference on Sensors, CRC Pre s s, B oc a R aton, Florid a , USA , 1160 p., 20 09. Christchurch, New Zealand, 25.-28.10.2009, pp. t Schalko, J., R. Beigelbeck, F. Kohl, A. Jachimo- 1325-1328, 2009. wicz, F. Keplinger, M. Opitz: Novel Carbon Na- t Gaderer, G., A. Nagy, P. Loschmidt, N. Kerö: A notube Fabric Based Membranes, in: Proceedings Novel, High resolution oscillator model for DES EUROSENSORS XXII Conference, Dresden, 7.- systems, in: Proceedings 2008 IEEE International 10.9.2008, Paper-Nr. 360, pp. 660–663, 2008. Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 178-183, 2008; t Treytl, A., B. Hirschler: Security Flaws and Work- doi: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622984. arounds for IEEE 1588 (Transparent) Clocks”, in: t Loschmidt, P., R. Exel, A. Nagy, G. Gaderer: Lim- Proceedings 2009 IEEE Symposium on Precision its of Synchronization Accuracy Using Hardware Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control Support in IEEE 1588, in: Proceedings 2008 IEEE and Communication, 6 p., 2009; doi: 10.1109/ Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for ISPCS.2009.5340204. Measurement, Control and Communication, pp. 12- t Treytl, A., W. Spenger, B. Riaz: Secure Agent 16, 2008; doi: 10.1109/ISPCS.2008.4659205. Platform for Active RFID, in: Proceedings 2008 t Sauter, T.: Fieldbus systems – embedded networks IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and for automation, in: Networked Embedded Systems Factory Automation, pp. 492-495, 2008; doi: Handbook, R. Zurawski (Ed.), pp. 20-1 – 20-64, 10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638444. W>

Acoustics Research Institute

Head: Werner Deutsch

Aims and Functions Psychoacoustics The institute’s individual fields of research are The description of traffic noise in terms of psychoacoustic complementary. Research in hearing needs the accurate parameters including timbre, and in addition to standard measurement and simulation of sound sources and noise criteria, improves the precision of noise abatement sound fields, as well as the study of auditory functions. and noise reduction measures considerably. The institute’s software NOIDESc introduces a classification scheme of The institute’s policy follows the goals of application- timbre, based on the principal component analysis of third- oriented basic research. For this reason, the scientific octave frequency bands. The new project sysBahnLärm work aims at practical application, whilst the theoretical uses the institute’s Noise Monitoring System to collect and background is evaluated using acoustic measurements, analyse sound data from the newly introduced Railjet psychoacoustic experiments, and real life sound trains, as well as additional freight train pass-by events. material. The concept guarantees progress in theory as well as scientific results in applied research. Audiological Acoustics Substantial progress in auditory localization with Results for 2008–2009 cochlear implants reached the application level with the issue of a patent on a novel stimulation Computational Acoustics strategy (a spin-off from project FWF P18401-B15). Numerical simulations in acoustics, and Cooperation with the Eaton-Peabody Lab at Harvard- computational models of hearing were applied to MIT Medical School will deal with the evaluation improve applications such as hearing with cochlear and neurophysiological proof of the Viennese implants and environmental noise reduction. In a experiment results. A cooperative research project on recently accepted FFG-ÖBB project sysBahnLärm, auditory localization, bringing together partners in accurate noise source localisation, such as ascertaining neurophysiology, neural models and psychoacoustics, whether noise arises from the wheel or the track is intended to be submitted during 2010. (Fig. 1), will be performed by a specific adaption of the microphone array technique (64 channels). The Acoustic Phonetics institute’s microphone array system is programmable In the area of public security, the almost worldwide and can also be used for acoustic holography. ongoing discussion on the validity of automatic speaker recognition systems in forensic cases, as opposed to The solution of the boundary integral equation for the traditional phonetic expertise, is being addressed in study of railway generated Vibrations in Anisotropic Media cooperation with the German Federal Criminal Police (ORTHOSOL) was improved, especially with respect Office (BKA, Wiesbaden). The project line is funded by to the generation of the stiffness matrix, which includes an EC-grant and recognized by the Austrian BK. Since the integrals with singular integrands. In addition, the Fast software simulation of the main functions of automatic Mulitpole Boundary Element Method (FMBEM) was speaker recognition systems (using S-TOOLS-STx) has combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM), been completed, an international evaluation test can enabling the joint simulation of structures and acoustic be started in the framework of the Working Group for sources. Future work is planned to deal with the non- Forensic Speech and Audio Analysis (FSAAWG) of the linearities of high amplitude signals. European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Acoustics Research Institute W<

Fig. 1: Accurate noise source localisation in the range of the wheel- *+(% #0 ##- X=! ()Y

Mathematics in Acoustics and Signal Processing re-synthesis, descriptive statistics etc. S_TOOLS-STx The working group deals with time-frequency analysis, adheres to a strict cumulative concept to guarantee reuse, time variant digital filters, and sound synthesis. The scalability and sustainability. It is designed to serve the WWTF-project Frame Multipliers: Theory and Acoustic inexperienced user by providing a large set of functions Applications investigates the theoretical aspects of frame called up via dialogs and menu windows. In addition, multipliers, as operators: k k k, it allows expert users to process large data sets in batch where the analysis coefficients are multiplied mode. S_TOOLS-STx is programmable in a macro by a fixed symbol before re-synthesis (with k). First language, enabling programmers to write their own results were obtained in the theory of weighted frames extensions, such as new signal processing algorithms, and the new formulation of the psychoacoustic Model perceptive models or sound database applications. The of Irrelevance, based on simultaneous masking. S_TOOLS-STx software development is managed in a professional version control system and includes an Industrial Co-operations HTML based help system. Licenses are free for students External project contracts extend from automotive audio (3-month period) and for non-proﬁt academic projects. and the simulation of sound fields in car cabins to the application of wavelet transformations and members Bibliography of the Cohen class for transient signals in mechanical t Balazs, P.: Matrix representation of operators using engineering. The appropriate choice of the transformation frames. Sampl. Theory Signal Image Process., 7, (1) parameters for typical applications is described in a 39-54, 2008. handbook. A feasibility study for the sound quality t Balazs, P.: Hilbert-Schmidt operators and frames design of electrical switch clicks (Sound Quality Design) - classification, approximation by multipliers was completed by applying the wavelet implementation and algorithms. Int. J. Wavelets Multiresolution in S_TOOLS-STx. Co-operation with industry partners Inf. Process., 6, (2) 315-330, 2008; doi: 10.1142/ from different countries creates important synergies. S0219691308002379. Usually the scientific methods and procedures provided t Becker, T., M. Jessen, and C. Grigoras: Speaker by the institute are evaluated immediately and feedback verification based on formants using Gaussian by qualified development engineers is given. mixture models, in: Proceedings NAG/DAGA 2009 International Conference on Acoustics, Marinus M. Software Development Boone (Ed.), pp. 1640-1643, 2009. The institute’s software system S_TOOLS-STx is the t Chen Z.-S., H. Waubke and W. Kreuzer: A formula- back-bone of all signal processing tasks in the above tion of the fast multipole boundary element method projects. Currently, in version 3.9.0, it provides almost (FMBEM) for acoustic radiation and scattering from all conventional signal processing functions necessary to three-dimensional structures. J. Comput. Acoust., 16, (2) perform time-frequency analysis, digital filtering, signal 303-320, 2008; doi: 10.1142/S0218396X08003725. 60 Acoustics Research Institute t Kreuzer, W., P. Majdak, and Z.-S. Chen: Fast t Laback B. and P. Majdak: Binaural Stimulation in Neu- multipole boundary element method to calculate ral Auditory Prostheses or Hearing Aids. E U a n d U S p a t- head-related transfer functions for a wide fre- ent WO/2008/155123. Appl. Date: 19.06.08, 2008. quency range. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 126, 1280-1290, t Majdak, P. and B. Laback: Effects of center frequen- 2009; doi: 10.1121/1.3177264. cy and rate on the sensitivity to interaural delay in t Laback B. and P. Majdak: Binaural jitter improves high-frequency click trains. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 125, interaural time-difference sensitivity of cochlear (6) 3902-3913, 2009; doi: 10.1121/1.3120413. implantees at high pulse rates. P. Natl. Acad. t Moosmüller, S.: Vowels in Standard Austrian German. Sci. USA, 105, (2) 814-817, 2008; doi: 10.1073/ An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis, pnas.0709199105. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Wien, 271 S., 2007. 61

Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics

Head: Heinz Engl

Aims and Functions In 2008, several members of RICAM (including group During 2008 and 2009, the Johann Radon Institute for leader Prof. Albrecher) accepted offers for professorships. Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) The necessary partial rebuilding of the Institute had to employed between 50 and 60 scientists, about half be postponed to 2010 for budgetary reasons. of them being financed from external funds (mainly FWF); they joined RICAM coming from 16 different Results for 2008–2009 countries. RICAM cooperates with the Johannes Kepler Universität Linz in educating PhD-students and, as far Computational Methods for Direct Field Problems as “real world” applications are concerned, with the (Ulrich Langer) Industrial Mathematics Competence Center. RICAM The research of the Group has focused on the does applications-oriented basic research currently in development, analysis and implementation of eight groups led by the senior scientists mentioned computational methods for Partial Differential t Computational Methods for Direct Field Problems Equations with the focus on the following topics: (Ulrich Langer) t Algebraic multigrid methods for large-scale techni- t Inverse Problems (Heinz Engl) cal problems and problems in life sciences (on this t Financial Mathematics (Hansjörg Albrecher) topic a monograph has been published recently). t Symbolic Computation (Josef Schicho) t High-order finite element methods with applica- t Optimization and Optimal Control (Karl Kunisch) tion to solid and fluid mechanical as well as elec- t Analysis of Partial Differential Equations (Peter trical engineering problems. Markowich, Massimo Fornasier) t Mathematical Imaging (Otmar Scherzer) The latter topic is partly connected with the START t Mathematical Methods in Molecular and Systems project “hp-FEM” led by Joachim Schöberl. The Biology (Philipp Kügler, Christian Schmeiser). START project was supported by the Austrian Science Fund under the grant Y192 until 2008. While the last mentioned group is located at the Vien- na BioCenter, all other groups are based on the campus Furthermore, new Domain Decomposition Methods of Johannes Kepler University in Linz. (DDM) have been developed. Fig. 1 shows the An important aspect is the cooperation between these simulation of an electrical machine by means of the groups, e.g., connecting analytical and numerical with new DDM within a project with the ACCM in Linz. symbolic and algebraic methods. Among the application areas considered are mathematical methods in imaging, Inverse Problems (Heinz Engl) numerical and optimization methods for solid and fluid The group is active in the mathematical theory and mechanics and mathematical modelling and algorithm numerics of regularization methods, and in applying development for molecular any systems biology. inverse problems techniques to science, engineering and While in 2008, a “Special Semester on Mathematical finance. Recent achievements concern the development Finance” with many international participants could of regularization methods for the stable reconstruction be held, the Special Semester on Inverse Problems of sparse solutions including a convergence theory, planned for 2009 had to be held in a severely reduced which is complicated due to the non-convexity of the form due to budgetary constraints. penalty term. Significant progress has been made towards 62 Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics identification of complex objects from measurements of far fields of acoustic and electromagnetic waves and in a theory-based further development of Bayesian inversion methods. The group is a member of the EU- consortium “DIAdvisor” aimed at the improvement of diabetes therapy and develops, in this context, methods for the prediction of blood glucose levels.

In October 2009, the project “Mathematical methods and Algorithms for E-ELT Adaptive Optics” contracted by ESO was started. Its main aim is the development of algorithms for reconstrucing incoming wavefronts and for determining mirror deformation for image improvement.

Financial Mathematics (Hansjörg Albrecher) New characterizations for optimal dividend payout strategies in insurance portfolios led to a remarkable extension of solvable model classes, with the ability to Fig. 1: Simulation of electrical machines with DDM inlcude transaction costs in the model as well. Hitting time identities for stochastic processes refracted at their running maximum could be extended to a general fluids, and semi-smooth Newton methods for optimal Lévy setup. Efficient calibration of complex finance control for elliptic systems with pointwise polygonal market models could further be developed by suitable state constraints were investigated. We accomplished application of Tikhonov regularization. Several new an error analysis for the P1 nonconform finite element theoretical results with applications in cryptography, for the penalized Navier-Stokes equations. wireless communication and coding theory were obtained, including a theoretical justification for the Further feasible direction and direct search methods hardness of the double discrete logarithm problem were investigated for non-linear bi-level programming and a result that every good quaternary sequence problems with the convex lower level problems. corresponds to two good uncorrelated binary sequences. Due to the fact the Prof. Albrecher has left, Analysis of Partial Differential Equations (Peter Marko- the group will be closed at least temporarily. wich, Massimo Fornasier) The group focussed on the following topics. Symbolic Computation (Josef Schicho) t Variational methods and high-order PDEs for The balancing problem for linkages is to find image processing. Significant results have been distributions of weights on the movable parts such that achieved in the mathematical restoration, recolo- the sum of the forces exerted by movements vanishes. rization and retouching, of damaged or destroyed Such mechanisms are useful in applications in space frescoes. and in optics. Using the symbolic method of toric t Non-linear water waves: existence theory of genera- polynom division, we found algebraic conditions for lized solutions and stability results in the presence the balancing of four bar mechanisms and could give of shock on the gradient of the solution. the complete classification of the all solutions. t Kinetic equations and collective behavior modeling: analysis of existence and stability of solutions, Optimization and Optimal Control (Karl Kunisch) large time behavior, pattern formation, and nume- The research focus was put on optimal control with rical simulation. PDE models for swarming of ani- partial differential equations as constraints. We mals, and aggregation-motion of biological cells. successfully started the numerical verification of optimality conditions for optimal control problems. The In the period 2008-2009 the group has been awarded investigation of flow control problems was continued for with an Outstanding Thesis Award, a START-Prize, non-Newtonian flow and boundary control with state and the Boelpaepe-Prize of the Academy of Science of constraints. An optimal control problem for two phase Belgium (the last two for M. Fornasier). Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics 63

*+|;R|) Fig. 3: Recolorization of the frescoes by means of mathematical methods

Mathematical Imaging (Otmar Scherzer) were led with representatives of IMP, IMBA and the The group developed a general framework for the University of Vienna (Institute for Pharmacology mathematical analysis of non-local functionals, which and Toxicology, Department for Molecular Systems in particular have been successfully implemented Biology). Mathematical methods from the areas of for data analysis. One of these methods is non-local inverse problems and partial differential equations were patch-based filtering. Jointly with INRIA Rennes and developed successfully for answering questions related the Institute Curie Paris, this method was applied to transport through cell membranes, biochemical for denoising biological data. In addition, via non- reaction networks, voltage-gated ion channels and convex regularization (one of our ongoing research chemotaxis. Furthermore, the group is responsible for topics), a relationship between the optical flow two WWTF projects on stress hormone regularization and level-set methods has been established. and cytoskeleton dynamics. In the long-term project of developing practically useable methods for photo-acoustic tomography, real Bibliography biological samples were successfully analyzed. t Kraus, J. and S. Margenov: Robust Algebraic Multilevel Methods and Algorithms. Radon Series Mathematical Methods in Molecular and Systems Biol- on Computational and Applied Mathematics 5, de ogy (Philipp Kügler, Christian Schmeiser) Gruyter, Berlin, 246 p., 2009. The group was founded at the beginning of 2009 t Lazarov, R., S. Repin, and S. Tomar: Functional and is currently still in the phase of recruiting and a posteriori error estimates for discontinuous organizational integration into the Vienna BioCenter. Galerkin approximations of elliptic problems. Discussions about interdisciplinary cooperation Numer. Meth. Part. D. E., 25, 952–971, 2009; doi: 10.1002/num.20386. t Cao, H., M. V. Klibanov, and S. V. Pereverzev: A Carleman estimate and the balancing principle in the quasi-reversibility method for solving the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation. Inverse Probl., 25, 035005, 21 p., 2009; doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/3/035005. t Albrecher H. and D. Kortschak: On ruin probability and aggregate claim representations for Pareto claim size distributions. Insur. Math. Econ., 45, 362-373, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2009.08.005. t Fornasier, M., R. Ramlau, and G. Teschke: The application of joint sparsity and total variation *=+DV# minimization algorithms to a real-life art restoration 64 Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics

problem. Adv. Comput. Math., 31, 157-184, 2009; t Engl, H. W., C. Flamm, P. Kügler, J. Lu, S. Müller, doi: 10.1007/s10444-008-9103-6. P. Schuster: Inverse Problems in Systems Biology. t Gosselin, C., B. Moore, and J. Schicho: Dynamic Inverse Probl., 25, 123014, 51 p., 2009; doi: balancing of planar mechanisms using toric 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123014. geometry. J. Symb. Comp., 44, 1346-1358, 2009; t Griesse, R., and K. Kunisch: A semi-smooth doi: 10.1016/j.jsc.2008.05.007. Newton method for solving elliptic equations with t Kügler, P., E. Gaubitzer, and S. Müller: Parameter gradient constraints. ESAIM-Math. Model. Num., identification for chemical reaction systems using 43, 209-238, 2009; doi: 10.1051/m2an:2008049. sparsity enforcing regularization - a case study for t Scherzer, O., M. Grasmair, H. Grossauer, M. the Chlorite - Iodide reaction. J. Phys. Chem. A, Haltmeier, F. Lenzen: Variational Methods in 113, 2775-2785, 2009; doi: 10.1021/jp808792u. Imaging, Springer, New York, 322 p., 2009. 65

Head: Wolfgang Mecklenbräuker

Aims and Functions occlusive disease accurately and thus to facilitate its Scientific Visualization is well-established as one of the treatment planning. core disciplines of applied computer science. Being a In order to provide biologists with an environment for combination of computer graphics, image processing the creation of geometric models of biological struc- and virtual reality, its task is the development of methods tures based on a well-defined biological background, we and algorithms for computer graphical representation exploited the possibilities offered by modern computer of (large) data quantities and for synthesizing various hardware and computer graphics tools. The goal of the scientific results into visual expressions thus enabling modelling process is to provide better understanding of insights into complex relations which would otherwise the substructures of muscle cells as depicted by electron only be difficult or even impossible to recognize. microscopy. A typical muscle cell consists of hundreds Scientific Visualization is thus interdisciplinary to a or even thousands of organelles of various types which high degree but its part goes far beyond the role of a means that the creation of a cell model organelle-by- pure auxiliary discipline because its goals also generate organelle using traditional interactive modelling tech- new scientific questions. niques would be too laborious and time-consuming, and eventually not lead to the desired result at all. Two work areas are currently defined at the commis- Therefore, we developed an automated procedure for sion in which problems of volume visualization and their creation delivering cell models which also reflect geometric modeling, and problems in the field of the statistical uncertainty of organelle occurrence and theoretical and applied signal processing, are being of their shape and dimension. investigated. This is done on the one hand in the form of academy-assigned projects, and, on the other hand, Watermark and Paper Studies as publicly sponsored ones. The focus of the commis- Paper studies are important because paper is a “memory sion is on fundamental questions as well as on ques- bearer”. By examining characteristics of the paper tions originating from specific applications. The most (e.g. watermarks, chain lines, laid lines), its date, important application areas are imaging methods in location and mill of production can be estimated and medicine, virtual archaeology, history, computer art, information about the technological, economical, social cognitive science, and speech processing. and cultural environment of its origin can be obtained. The enormous amount of papers available – millions of Results for 2008–2009 samples stretching back in time 800 years and more – contains a sizable part of what can be learned of Europe’s Volume visualization past, and is both a richness waiting to be tapped into The works in this core field of the commission and a technological challenge. concentrated around the following projects: The commission is the coordinator of the paper study The AngioVisII project investigated possibilities for project “Bernstein – The Memory of Paper”, which was replacement of the invasive and costly intra-arterial supported by the EU under the program eContentPlus. pre-therapeutic catheter angiography by the non-in- The project is a cooperative effort between nine vasive CT angiography. In a series of clinical studies, institutions from Austria, England, France, Germany, CT angiography was proved to image the peripheral Italy and the Netherlands. Its goal is the creation of a 66 /D

European integrated digital environment, an internet portal, about paper history and expertise. The address of the internet portal is www.memoryofpaper.eu. The portal allows access to all currently existing European online watermark databases, a comprehensive bibliography on paper, and specialized image processing tools for the measuring, authenticating and dating of paper sheets. The paper and watermark terminology as well as the classification of the watermarks was harmonized and standardised in six languages English, French, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish. These are also the languages of the portal and all its components such as the atlas and statistics. *+ Applied Signal Processing +M(M"M( =MWM;(- The research of this part has been supported by an colemma are clipped off by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal internationally (Japan Science Technology Agency) 0 funded project on implicit brain functioning. The general aim of this project was to identify neural precursors of Economist. Several experiments were performed on complex cognition including emotion, decision and studying neural dynamics related with music cognition. problem solving by analyzing neural signals (i.e. EEG) It was shown that music, like language, has grammar with the help of state-of-the-art data analysis techniques. (e.g., rules of harmony), which is implicitly processed Landmark findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics of by the brain with associated neural mechanisms brain activity patterns prior to (up to 8 seconds before) operating at different levels of cortical integration, were obtained; further, it was shown that excessive ranging from early long-range cortical connectivity amounts of focused attention would paradoxically lead to late local oscillations. Further, it was demonstrated to a state of mental impasse, whereas diffused attention that emotions elicited by musical excerpts, albeit short, would render the brain highly receptive to incoming could systematically influence the judgement of facial information. These results have been extensively covered emotion and such transfer effect (from music/auditory by media all over the world including the BBC, ABC, to face/visual) is not directly under conscious control. Scientific American, New Scientist, NewsWeek, Times, This finding has also been featured across numerous

*+%9##/89( @0O/#=()0 OP<+(|||(OV ;V;8 /D 67

Fig. 3: Event-related-potential recorded at frontal brain region during processing of a neutral face stimulus primed by either happy music ( ) (Q*|#- cal differences, indicated by an arrow, between the two music conditions at 50 msec. Note that the two conditions have identical face (0# D9<

print and electronic media (including radio and TV). puter Science, Vol. 4889, Alexander Pasko, Valery Finally, new computational techniques based on Adzhiev, and Peter Comninos (Eds.), pp. 239-258, information theory have been developed to investigate Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2008; doi: 10.1007/978-3- causality in multivariate signals, revealing the accurate 540-68443-5_10. structure of the underlying network pattern(s). t Ruiz, M. H., S. Koelsch, and J. Bhattacharya: De- crease in early right alpha band phase synchroni- Bibliography zation and late gamma band oscillations in pro- t Logeswaran, N., and J. Bhattacharya: Crossmodal cessing syntax in music. Hum. Brain Mapp., 30, transfer of emotion by music. Neurosci. Lett., 455, 1207-1225, 2009; doi: 10.1002/hbm.20584. 129-133, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.044. t Sandkühler, S., and J. Bhattacharya: Deconstruct- t Parulek, J., M. Šrámek, M. Cervenanský, M. ing insight: EEG correlates of insightful problem Novotová, I. Zahradník: A cell architecture mod- solving. PLoSONE, 3(1): e1459, 12 p., 2008; doi: eling system based on quantitative ultrastructural 10.1371/journal.pone.0001459. characteristics, in: Methods Mol. Biol., 500, 289- t Sheth, B. R., S. Sandkühler, and J. Bhattacharya: 312, 2009: doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_10. Posterior beta and anterior gamma oscillations pre- t Parulek, J., M. Šrámek, and I. Zahradník: Geom- dict cognitive insight. J. Cognitive Neurosci., 21, (7) cell. Design of cell geometry, in: Recent Advances 1269-1279, 2009; doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21069. in the 3D Physiological Human, Nadia Magnenat- t Stieglecker, M., and E. Wenger: The Bernstein Thalmann, Jian J. Zhang, and David D. Feng Project, in: Bull’s Head and Mermaid, Peter Rück- (Eds.), pp. 21-36, Springer Verlag, London, 2009; ert, Sandra Hodecek, Georg Dietz, and Emanuel doi: 10.1007/978-1-84882-565-9_2. Wenger (Eds.), pp. 99-102, Stuttgart, 2009. t Durikovic, R., S. Czanner, J. Parulek, and M. t Wenger, E.: Bernstein - The Memory of Paper. An Šrámek: Heterogeneous modeling of biological or- Integrated Digital Environment for Watermark gans and organ growth, in: Heterogeneous Objects Research. Paper History (Journal of the International Modelling and Applications, Lecture Notes in Com- Association of Paper Historians), 13, (2) 8-12, 2009. X>

Physics and Materials Sciences

Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science

Head: Gerhard Dehm

Aims and Functions of the world’s leading institutes in research on me- The Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science (ESI) chanical properties, both in the development of highly performs cutting-edge basic research setting the ground sophisticated experimental techniques and in establish- for new material concepts. ing theoretical concepts for deformation, fatigue and fracture of materials. ESI enjoys a high international The technological progress in our society with its devel- reputation, benefits from its creative young scientists opment into “smaller”, “lighter”, and “faster” requires from all over the world, and is well connected with more and more sustainable materials and components leaders in science and industry. with specific electronic, magnetic or mechanical properties. Understanding the mechanical properties of ma- Results for 2008–2009 terials is a prerequisite for success, since their life-time is frequently limited by the nucleation and growth of Atomic Analysis of Interfaces defects during production and during service; the ma- In 2008/2009 a new transmission electron microscope terial is successively damaged until the component fails (TEM) with the highest resolving power in Austria was or cannot fulfil a necessary function. installed at the Erich Schmid Institute. This microscope allows the imaging of material structures and defects at The institute’s scientific mission is to design damage atomic resolution, the quantification of the chemical resistant materials with a focus on understanding and composition, and the determination of the atomic predicting the microstructure-property relations at all bonding state with ultimate spatial resolution. We have length scales, with a special emphasis on mechanical already generated the first results with our new TEM. properties. In this innovative research field, ESI is For a ceramic/ceramic composite consisting of VN and pushing the frontiers by combining advanced experi- MgO the interface structure chemistry and bonding mental and modelling techniques. This is a huge chal- mechanisms were studied at the atomic level. At and lenge since the length scales involved span nearly 10 adjacent to the interface oscillations in the VN lattice orders of magnitude, from atomic structures to mac- plane spacing was detected reaching several layers into roscopic devices and components. the VN crystal. At the interface Vanadium and Oxygen enrichment, which cause V-O bonds at the interface, In the last 5 years we have set the ground for developing were measured. The local change in chemistry and in these directions by concentrating our research the oscillations in lattice plane spacing are believed to activities in five interlinked areas: open new routes for interface engineering of material t Deformation, Fatigue and Fracture systems, such as multilayers or nanocomposites, and t Micro- and Nano-Mechanics will be investigated further at the institute. t Micro- and Nano-Structure Characterization t Synthesis of bulk Nano-Materials and -Composi- Material Properties at Micro- and Nanometer Dimensions tes by Severe Plastic Deformation This research field is one of the main topics at the t Complex Materials. institute with the aim to unveil the mechanics of the “nano-cosmos” by combining advanced experimental The Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science has methods and simulation techniques. In 2008/2009 flourished since its foundation in 1971 to become one we made huge progress in our understanding of Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science X<

*+^@;!; SU ;(# (/(z Fig. 1: TEM users in front of the new, ultimate resolution microscope the spacing ranges between 0.20-0.23 nm. @D)>!< deformation at small material dimensions. With the Bibliography help of a newly designed in situ TEM experiment we t Dehm, G.: Miniaturized single-crystalline fcc could demonstrate that a metal like Al has no hardening metals deformed in tension: New insights in size- when its dimensions are at the submicrometer length dependent plasticity. Prog. Mater. Sci., 54, 664- scale. This is in contrast to bulk metals, which always 688, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2009.03.005. show hardening during deformation. The origin for this t Guidoni, G. M., L. H. He, T. Schöberl, I. Jäger, effect is the low multiplication rate of dislocations in G. Dehm, M. V. Swain: Influence of the indenter small dimensions, which carry the plastic deformation. tip geometry and environment on the indentation The generation of new dislocations is limited by modulus of enamel. J. Mater. Res., 24, 616-625, surface annihilation leading to a constant dislocation 2009; doi: 10.1557/JMR.2009.0110. density during straining. AS a further consequence, t Kolednik, O., J. Predan, N. Gubeljak, D. F. the microscopic Al sample sustains higher strains than Fischer: Modeling fatigue crack growth in a the corresponding bulk metal. (source: Oh Sang Ho bimaterial specimen with the configurational forces et. al., 2009) concept. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 519, 172-183, 2009; doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.059. Design Concepts for Fracture Resistant Materials t Massl, S., W. Thomma, J. Keckes, R. Pippan: In recent years, we have developed and applied Investigation of fracture properties of the concept of configurational forces with our magnetron-sputtered TiN films by means of a international partners (e.g. University of Minnesota) FIB-based cantilever bending technique. Acta for a quantitative description of the behaviour of cracks Mater., 57, 1768-1776, 2009; doi:10.1016/j. in inhomogeneous materials and components. Our actamat.2008.12.018. recent studies demonstrate that materials with certain t Motz, C., D. Weygand, J. Senger, P. Gumbsch: spatial variations of local material properties exhibit an Initial dislocation structures in 3-D discrete especially high fracture resistance. Also some biological dislocation dynamics and their influence on materials, such as the skeleton of certain deep-sea microscale plasticity. Acta Mater., 57, 1744-1754, sponges, exhibit a very high fracture resistance. This 2009; doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.12.020. is remarkable, as this material consists of 95% glass, t Oh, S. H., M. Legros, D. Kiener, G. Dehm: In which is known to be very brittle. In a preliminary situ observation of dislocation nucleation and study (in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute escape in a submicrometre aluminium single of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany, and crystal. Nat. Mater., 8, 95-100, 2009; doi: Institute of Mechanics, University of Leoben), we have 10.1038/nmat2370. shown that the high fracture resistance is a result of t Legros, M., G. Dehm, E. Arzt, T. J. Balk: the pronounced variation of the material properties Observation of giant diffusivity along dislocation between glass layers and the thin, soft protein layers in cores. Science, 319, 1646-1649, 2008; doi: between. Currently, we are investigating the optimal 10.1126/science.1151771. architectural parameters of a layered composite in order t Kiener, D., W. Grosinger, G. Dehm, R. Pippan: to reach a high fracture resistance. A further step towards an understanding of size- 70 Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science

dependent crystal plasticity: In situ tension temperatures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 39, 417-429, experiments of miniaturized single-crystal copper 2008; doi: 10.1007/s11661-007-9413-1. samples. Acta Mater., 56, 580-592, 2008; doi: t Motz, C., D. Weygand, J. Senger, P. Gumbsch: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.10.015. Micro-bending tests: A comparison between t Vorhauer, A., and R. Pippan: On the onset of a three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics steady state in body-centered cubic iron during simulations and experiments. Acta Mater., 56, 1942- severe plastic deformation at low homologous 1955, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.053. 71

Institute of High Energy Physics

Head: Christian W. Fabjan

Aims and Functions With LHC and a new program at KEK the institute Elementary particle physics explores the fundamental is looking at an exciting and arguably very rich re- laws governing the smallest constituents of matter search phase. Yet, in discussions and in synergy with and their interactions. The great advances in our other institutions in Vienna ideas are being developed present understanding have, to a large extent, been to broaden the research activities towards some of the possible through the development of ever more fascinating possibilities offered by particle physics ex- powerful particle accelerators, allowing us to explore perimentation at extremely low energies. increasingly smaller dimensions. For these reasons, the institute partici pates in experiments at the European Results for 2008–2009 Particle Laboratory CERN in Geneva and at the Japanese research centre KEK near Tokyo/Japan. The CMS-Experiment at the “Large Hadron Collider” (LHC) of CERN The experimental and theoretical research over the The central event was the successful start of the Large last decades has led to a coherent picture of the Hadron Collider, preceded by cosmic muon data fundamental particles of matter and their interactions, taking periods, during which the full CMS detector the so-called “Standard Model”. Although remarkably operated. On November 23, 2009 LHC delivered its successful, one of its fundamental assumptions – that first proton-proton collisions, initially at an energy of the “Higgs mechanism” is providing the masses to 900 GeV and subsequently at 2.36 TeV – a new world the elementary particles - is still untested and many record. The project groups Tracker, Trigger and Physics fundamental questions remain to be answered: Is our Analysis contributed to detector construction and world supersymmetric? What is the nature of dark commissioning and to data selection and analysis. They matter, dominating our Universe? What happened to also performed coordination and management tasks. the antimatter, produced in the Big Bang? The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is opening a new By mid-2008 the silicon strip tracker – the world’s energy frontier and was specifically constructed to largest (Fig. 1) - was built with major HEPHY partici- address some of these questions. pation, and the pixel detectors with readout modules developed in Vienna were installed and tested. The The institute develops and builds state-of-the-art par- analysis of cosmic muon tracks confirmed the design ticle detectors and electronic systems for these experi- performance of the detector elements and the detec- ments and develops software for data analysis. It also tor system and of the event selection processors (“Trig- works on theoretical models for describing and under- ger”). The novel Kalman Alignment Algorithm for the standing the experimental results. Our research at the micron-precision alignment of the detector elements LHC focuses on supersymmetry and precision tests of was developed in Vienna. Without the trigger electron- the theory of Strong Interactions. At KEK we are one ics and its operating system, developed by HEPHY, of the leading groups in the study of matter-antimatter CMS could not have taken data (Fig. 2). asymmetry. The expertise of the Vienna project groups is now being We are strongly involved in teaching at the University of directed to R&D projects for tracking and triggering for Technology, in student supervision and outreach activities. the planned LHC intensity upgrade. 72 Institute of High Energy Physics

Fig. 1: The silicon strip tracker during its delicate insertion into CMS. *+;%# "X

CMS – Physics Analysis of the CMS Data collaboration (including many new groups) was officially During the reporting period the analysis procedures, formed and the accelerator concept (“low emittance”) originally tested on simulated data, were optimized was chosen. The Vienna group was asked to take respon- for and validated on real detector data. In its research sibility for the design and construction of the silicon strip program for supersymmetry, HEPHY made major detector (readout electronics, sensor design, mechanics) contributions to the analysis of events with one charged and for track reconstruction algorithms. lepton and is developing new generic search strategies for supersymmetric particles. The ILD-Experiment at the “International Collider” (ILC) A deeper understanding of physics at center-of-mass Since late 2009, a second research program has been energies in the TeV range also requires precision measure- addressing the production and decay of heavy quark ments which are attainable only in e–e+ collisions. Such (“quarkonium”) states. This program performs preci- a linear collider up to 1 TeV is being designed in a sion tests of the theory of Strong Interaction at this new world wide effort, the ILC. We participate within the energy scale, aiming to answer several fundamental “Inter national Large Detector” (ILD) collaboration. open questions using early CMS data. Our contributions: R&D for silicon strip detectors of high spatial resolution (using test beams at CERN and One of HEPHY’s responsibilities is to operate and DESY); software for detector optimization and decay maintain a large computing cluster (a “Tier2” node in vertex reconstruction of short-lived particles. the worldwide GRID computing net). It provides fast The ILD Detector Concept, after an international and reliable access to data for the HEPHY research ac- peer-review, was validated as one of the two future ILC tivities and serves as an official analysis centre for two experiments. CMS physics groups. Theoretical Studies The Belle-Experiment at the Japanese Laboratory KEK In the Theory project, “Supersymmetry” (also supported The years 2008/2009 have been extremely successful by an EU project) the following topics were covered: for the Belle experiment and the KEKB collider (>300 t Precision calculations to processes with Higgs bo- journal publications, record luminosity, 2008 Physics sons and superpartner particles Nobel Prize awarded to M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa t CP violation in particle productions and decays for their matter-antimatter (CKM) theory, confirmed by t Signatures of quark flavour violation at the LHC Belle). Vienna was responsible for two Belle collaboration t M o n t e - C a r l o s t u d i e s o f s t o p p a i r p r o d u c t i o n a t a n I L C papers. Two results shown at international conferences are being prepared for publication. Two Ph.D. theses Furthermore, a large international meeting, related to many with Belle data have been submitted in Vienna. of the above points, was hosted in 2009 (“HEPTools”).

The Belle upgrade Belle-II will probe the CKM theory The Theory project, “QCD” deals mainly with the in- with even higher precision from 2013 onwards. A new vestigation of relativistic bound states, primarily of those Institute of High Energy Physics 73

t Erö, J., et al.: The CMS Drift Tube Trigger Track Finder. JINST, 3, P08006, 25 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/P08006. t Widl, E., and R. Frühwirth: A large-scale application of the Kalman alignment algorithm to the CMS tracker. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 119, (3) 032038, 7 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/119/3/032038. t Schwanda, C., et al. (The Belle collaboration): Measurement of the moments of the photon energy spectrum in B -> Xs decays and deter-

mination of |Vcb| and mb at Belle. Phys. Rev. D, 78, 032016, 13 p., 2008; doi: 10.1103/PhysRe- vD.78.032016. Fig. 3: Nobel prize winner Makoto Kobayashi with members of the t Widhalm, L., et al. (The Belle collaboration): + + 9 Measurement of B(Ds μ μ). Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 241801, 6 p., 2008; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev- described by quantum chromodynamics. Among oth- Lett.100.241801. ers, systematic stability analyses have been performed, t Valentan, M., M. Regler, and R. Frühwirth: Gen- existing methods to extract predictions improved, and eralization of the Gluckstern formulas II: Multiple rigorous theorems derived. The techniques developed scattering and non-zero dip angles. Nucl. Instrum. were also applied to e.g. gravitationally bound many- Methods, 606, 728-742, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j. body systems (“boson stars”). nima.2009.05.024. t Lucha, W., D. Melikhov, and S. Simula: Effective Outreach continuum threshold in dispersive sum rules. Phys. The HEPHY-organized LHC-exhibition with 5,000 Rev. D, 79, 096011, 5 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys- visitors in Vienna travelled afterwards through 17 RevD.79.096011. schools in 5 provinces. Furthermore, 4 “Masterclasses”, t Hall, R. L., and W. Lucha: Semirelativistic N- 5 talks at Children’s Universities and 17 visits at boson systems bound by attractive pair potentials. elementary schools with “Hands-On Physics” were J. Phys. A-Math. Gen., 42, 395303, 11 p., 2009; organized. In the framework of the “Lower Austria doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/42/39/395303. Academy for Gifted Children” we held 4 courses. We t Christova, E., H. Eberl, E. Ginina, W. Majerotto: participated in “Science on Stage” and the “Long Night CP violation in H±t production at the LHC. Phys. of Research”. For teachers we offered 3 seminars. Two Rev. D, 79, 096005, 13 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/ brochures and a video have been developed. PhysRevD.79.096005. t Bartl, A., K. Hidaka, K. Hohenwarter-Sodek, T. Bibliography Kernreiter, W. Majerotto, W. Porod: Impact of t Chatrchyan, C., et al. (CMS Collaboration): CMS squark generation mixing on the search for gluinos experiment at the CERN LHC. JINST, 3, S08004, at LHC. Phys. Lett. B, 679, 260-266, 2009; doi: 361 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004. 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.050. 74

Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information

Head: Rainer Blatt (since 01.11.2009: Peter Zoller)

Aims and Tasks in the fields of quantum information, quantum optics In November 2003 the Institute for Quantum Optics and atomic physics. Besides the formal theoretical foun- and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy dations of quantum information (Briegel group), one of Sciences (IQOQI) was founded by means of treaties focus lies on the development of theoretical concepts with the Universities of Innsbruck and Vienna. The for the realization and implementation of quantum institute consists of a section in Innsbruck, with computers and quantum simulators (Zoller group), and research groups led by the Scientific Directors R. Blatt quantum protocols (Briegel group and Zoller group). and R. Grimm (experimental physics), H. Briegel and P. The experimental work is devoted to quantum optical Zoller (theoretical physics), and of a section in Vienna experiments and the realization of quantum comput- with A. Zeilinger as Scientific Director. The institute is ers on the basis of single stored ions (Blatt group), ex- based in Innsbruck, one section is located in Vienna. periments on Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid In the groups of the sections in Innsbruck and Vienna, Fermi gases at ultra low temperatures (Grimm group) currently 10 senior scientists, 16 postdocs and 36 PhD and with experiments probing the fundamentals of students actively participate in the research projects. quantum physics as well as its application for quantum They are supported by technical and administrative communication and quantum computers (Zeilinger staff of a headcount of 26. In total, at the moment, group). The close collaboration of these groups leads round about 100 persons are administrated. The to substantial synergy effects, so that the Institute for common institute is essential for focussing the activities Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna and Innsbruck; furthermore, cooperation t provides a framework for focussed research agreements exist with the University of Innsbruck and t allows for long-term projects with large time horizon the University of Vienna. t complements the university’s research t develops quantum technology in collaboration The goal of the foundation of the IQOQI was to cre- with industrial enterprises ate a research institute of the academy directly linked t constitutes a platform for internationally funded to the university, in a framework which allows the research institute and the university to mutually complement t provides a center for international guest scientists each other in their research and teaching activities. The t allows young scientists to develop a personal re- institute has been modelled on the Max-Planck Insti- search profile tutes in Germany, regarding the research standards as well as the structures – as far as they are compatible Results for 2008–2009 with the academy’s structures – but with a significantly larger proportion of fundraising in the financing of the Division R. Blatt institute. The close connection to the university, espe- The research group led by R. Blatt investigates cially the spatial proximity, is thought to induce a close quantum processes in a system of few laser-cooled ions exchange at PhD student and postdoc levels, and to held in linear ion traps. In the past few months, we achieve the integration of members of the Academy In- used the entanglement creation mechanism previously stitute into the teaching activities of the university. demonstrated with two ions for creating high- The research profile of the institute is characterised by fidelity GHZ states of up to eight ions. In a further the broad experimental and theoretical basic research experiment, we demonstrated quantum non-demolition )) 75 measurements of spin correlations and employed addressing quantum information tasks or fundamental them for carrying out a state-independent test of non- questions of physics. The group reports the remarkable contextual hidden-variable theories. In yet another versatility of the first experimental characterization of a experiment we simulated the physics of a relativistic polarization entangled six-photon state by projecting out free particle using a single laser-manipulated trapped smaller entangled states of different classes important for ion. Furthermore, the electric stray fields occurring in quantum computing. The group uses a sophisticated gate a micro-fabricated segmented ion trap were analyzed that transfers the usual polarization entanglement onto using measurements resolving their spatial structure. discrete colour entanglement. Such colour-entangled states have potential applications for enhanced clock Division H. Briegel synchronization and improved quantum communication The research group led by H. J. Briegel investigates under realistic conditions. Other experiments address models of quantum computation and the foundations the challenge of distributing entangled states between of quantum information theory. In the reporting distant parties. Recently the group demonstrated the period we were able to clarify and further generalize the successful transmission of an entangled photon pair over role of entanglement in measurement-based quantum a 144 km free-space link. The total channel loss of 64 dB computers. We used concepts and tools developed in corresponds to the estimated attenuation regime for a quantum information to study problems in statistical two-photon satellite quantum communication scenario, physics, and to derive complexity statements for a which is encouraging for future world-wide quantum class of statistical models including simple lattice communication scenarios using satellites. For pushing gauge theories. We developed novel methods for the applicability of current quantum cryptography, the detection of multi-partite entanglement in the group also performed a quantum key distribution experiments, as well as for the simulation of strongly (QKD) system based on polarization entanglement for correlated many-body systems. We also discussed use in deployed telecom fibers. possible mechanisms that may generate and maintain entanglement in biological systems. Division P. Zoller The research projects in the Zoller group combine Division R. Grimm together various areas of many-body physics, quantum The research group led by R. Grimm examines mechanics, quantum optics, and quantum information, quantum materials of ultracold gases at extremely low and aim to engineer novel quantum systems on the temperatures. At IQOQI, we produce Fermi-Fermi basis of atomic and molecular ensembles and hybrid mixtures of lithium with potassium and examine systems, understand their quantum behavior, both phenomena that are also underlying the special equilibrium and non-equilibrium, find efficient ways for properties of superconductors. We have identified a preparation of desired quantum states in such systems, regime in which potassium can be stably immersed in a and analyze their potential applications for quantum strongly interacting lithium gas and used e.g. for precise computations and quantum information processing. temperature measurements. We started determining the The brief summary of the results includes full quantum properties of the Li-K interspecies Feshbach resonances mechanical description of interacting bosons in optical and were able to create heteronuclear LiK molecules. lattice with the three-body constraint dynamically We constructed a second experiment that will explore generated as a result of strong three-body losses, and degenerate strontium gases. Using a novel approach revealing various connections of this system to various we were the first to obtain Bose-Einstein condensates fundamental concepts in the physics of strongly (BECs) of Strontium. Strontium is after ytterbium and fluctuating systems. Various schemes were developed calcium only the third atomic species with two electrons that allow experimental production of various many- in an unfilled shell that has been Bose-condensed. We body quantum states, both ground and metastable, discovered that the isotope 84Sr has properties that in lattice quantum gases. We performed a thorough are ideal for the production of big BECs in a robust analysis of an ensemble of Rydberg atoms and developed way, making strontium the prime candidate for future a Rydberg quantum simulator that allows for digital research with two-electron atoms. quantum simulation of both coherent and dissipative dynamics of complex many-body spin models, such Division A. Zeilinger as Kitaev’s toric code, color codes and lattice gauge The research group of Professor Anton Zeilinger could theories. We also studied various optomechanical strengthen its position by realizing different experiments hybrid systems - nano- and micromechanical devices 76 )) coupled to optical cavity modes or to a matter-wave, Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 200401, 4 p., 2009; 10.1103/ focusing on the regime of strong coupling resulting in PhysRevLett.103.200401. substantial optomechanical correlations. t Spiegelhalder, F. M., A. Trenkwalder, D. Naik, G. Hendl, F. Schreck, R. Grimm: Collisional stability Bibliography of 40K immersed in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of 6Li. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 223203, 4 p., 2009; Division R. Blatt doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.223203. t Benhelm, J., G. Kirchmair, C. F. Roos, R. Blatt: Division A. Zeilinger Towards fault-tolerant quantum computing with t Fedrizzi, A., R. Ursin, T. Herbst, M. Nespoli, R. trapped ions. Nat. Phys., 4, 463-466, 2008; doi: Prevedel, T. Scheidl, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Jennewein, 10.1038/nphys961. A. Zeilinger: High-fidelity transmission of entan- t Kirchmair, G., F. Zähringer, R. Gerritsma, M. glement over a high-loss free-space channel. Nat. Kleinmann, O. Gühne, A. Cabello, R. Blatt, C. Phys., 5, 389-392, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nphys1255. F. Roos: State-independent experimental test of t Gröblacher, S., K. Hammerer, M. R. Vanner, quantum contextuality. Nature, 460, 494-497, M. Aspelmeyer: Observation of strong coupling 2009; doi: 10.1038/nature08172. between a micromechanical resonator and an Division H. Briegel optical cavity field. Nature, 460, 724-727, 2009; t Briegel, H. J., D. E. Browne, W. Dür, R. Raussen- doi: 10.1038/nature08171. dorf, and M. Van den Nest: Measurement-based Division P. Zoller quantum computation. Nat. Phys., 5, 19-26, 2009; t Daley, A. J., J. M. Taylor, S. Diehl, M. Baranov, doi: 10.1038/nphys1157. and P. Zoller: Atomic three-body loss as a dy- t De las Cuevas, G., W. Dür, H. J. Briegel, and M. namical three-body interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett., A. Martin-Delgado: Unifying all classical spin 102, 040402, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev- models in a Lattice Gauge Theory.Phys. Rev. Lett., Lett.102.040402. 102, 230502, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev- t Hammerer, K., M. Wallquist, C. Genes, M. Ludwig, Lett.102.230502. F. Marquardt, P. Treutlein, P. Zoller, J. Ye, and H. J. Division R. Grimm Kimble: Strong coupling of a mechanical oscillator t Stellmer, S., M. Khoon Tey, B. Huang, R. Grimm, F. and a single atom. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 063005, 4 Schreck: Bose-Einstein condensation of Strontium. p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063005. 77

Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic

Head: Eberhard Widmann

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Stefan Meyer Institute (SMI) performs basic experimental research in the field of subatomic Matter-antimatter symmetry physics. The main scientific areas are the study of the Precision spectroscopy of atoms containing an strong interaction involving strange quarks, matter- antiproton (the negatively charged antiparticle of the antimatter symmetry and, in the future, physics with proton) allows precise determination of the properties antiproton beams at the international accelerator of the antiproton by comparing the measured spectra centre FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) with modern QED calculations. Within the ASACUSA at Darmstadt/Germany. collaboration at CERN-AD we investigated the exotic atom antiprotonic helium by laser and microwave Exotic atoms (atoms that contain another elementary spectroscopy. The results can be regarded as a test particle in their shell instead of an electron) and exotic of the fundamental matter-antimatter symmetry, bound states of elementary particles and nuclei are used i.e. CPT symmetry. Testing CPT conservation is in as test systems for the experimental investigation of part motivated by the observed matter-antimatter fundamental interactions and symmetries. New results asymmetry of the universe, because the conservation on the matter-antimatter symmetry can be obtained by of CPT would lead to the creation of equal amounts the spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms and antihydrogen of matter and antimatter. (the simplest atom consisting of pure antimatter). The study of X-ray transitions in hadronic atoms (e.g. in An interesting quantity hereby is the magnetic kaonic hydrogen) provides precise investigation of strong moment of the antiproton, which is currently known interaction. These investigations are of big importance only to 0.3%. Under the leadership of SMI a series for the verification and advancement of the theoretical of measurements was carried out over several years description of the kaon-nucleon interaction. These will using a combined method of laser and microwave allow us to obtain a detailed understanding of low- spectroscopy. This resulted in an improvement of factor energy QCD, also in view of the intensively discussed 5 over our earlier measurements, which allowed us to question on the creation and properties of deeply bound determine the magnetic moment of the antiproton kaon-nucleus systems. The search for such systems is a with higher precision than before. hot topic in subatomic physics. Kaon-nucleon interaction The experiments of SMI are carried out within The kaon is the lightest particle containing a strange international collaborations at particle accelerators: quark. Of special interest is the interaction of negatively Antiproton Decelerator (AD) of CERN/Switzerland, charged kaons (K–) at low energies. An international electron-positron collider DANE at LNF/Italy, GSI/ network (LEANNIS) dealing with this topic is led by Germany and J-PARC/Japan. The future international SMI within the EU project HadronPhysics2. The study accelerator facility FAIR at Darmstadt plays a central of the strong kaon-nucleon interaction at low energy can role. In addition, SMI is integrated into the community be most precisely done through the X-ray spectroscopy through large-scale European projects and receives of kaonic hydrogen (a K– bound to a proton). This was additional funding from the EU as well as the Austrian the goal of the SIDDHARTA experiment at DANE Science Fund (FWF) to carry out these activities. in which SMI is a key participant. After intense > Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic

Fig. 1: Picture of a book under SMI participation. SMI participates in the cavity used for micro- design of the target system as well as in the evaluation wave spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium at of new detector technologies for PANDA (gas-electron CERN-AD. multipliers, novel photo detectors).

International conferences SMI started a conference series, permanently located in Vienna, on exotic atoms with the first EXA conference in 2002. The third meeting so far EXA08 was organized in 2008 together with the international conference LEAP08 (Low Energy Antiproton Physics). About 180 scientists from European countries, Japan, China, Russia, USA and Canada participated in the conference organized in the headquarters of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The proceedings will be published in the refereed journal Hyperfine Interactions.

Bibliography t Schwarz, C., D. Bettoni, D. Branford, V. Carassiti, A. Cecchi, V. Kh. Dodokhof, M. Düren, K. Föhl, R. Hohler, R. Kaiser, A. Lehmann, D. Lehmann, J. Marton, K. Peters, G. Schepers, L. Schmitt, P. Schönmeier, B. Seitz, C. Sfienti, A. Teufel, A. S. R&D work (e.g. an array of novel large-area silicon Vodopianov: The barrel DIRC of the PANDA ex- detectors with good timing resolution) data were periment. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 595, 112-115, taken throughout most of 2009 on kaonic hydrogen, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.053. deuterium, and helium. First results on helium-4 t Sato, M., H. Bhang, J. Chiba, Seonho Choi, Y. Fu- had already been published and clearly reproduced kuda, T. Hanaki, R. S. Hayano, M. Iio, T. Ishika- our earlier results taken at KEK/Japan, which finally wa, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, M. Iwai, solved a 30-year old puzzle of strong interaction. The M. Iwasaki, P. Kienle, J. H. Kim, Y. Matsuda, H. results on kaonic hydrogen are eagerly awaited by the Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, S. Suzuki, T. Suzu- theoretical community. ki, D. Tomono, E. Widmann, T. Yamazaki, and H. After several years of preparations an experiment Yim: Search for strange tribaryon states in the in- searching for the simplest deeply bound system K–pp clusive 4He(K-stopped,p) reaction. Phys. Lett. B, 659, using the FOPI detector at GSI was carried out in 107-112, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.024. 2009. The FOPI detector had to be upgraded by a t Zmeskal, J., From kaonic atoms to kaonic nuclei: newly developed detector system and a liquid hydrogen target to allow for the detection of K–pp in proton- proton collisions.

FAIR SMI participates in three experiments of the future FAIR facility (FLAIR, PANDA, and AIC). Precision studies of matter-antimatter symmetry will be performed at FLAIR (Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research) using improved technologies as compared to CERN-AD. PANDA, one of the main experiments of FAIR, uses high-energy antiprotons for studies involving charm quarks. The field received a new push from the discovery of new particle states in the accessible energy range which are currently of unknown nature. In 2009 the diverse physics program was published in a physics Fig. 3: Artist’s view of the planned PANDA detector at FAIR. Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic <

t Covita, D. S., D. F. Anagnostopoulos, H. Gorke, D. Gotta, A. Gruber, A. Hirtl, T. Ishiwatari, P. In- delicato, E.-O. LeBigot, M. Nekipelov, J. M. F. dos Santos, Ph. Schmid, L. M. Simons, M. Trassinelli, J. F. C. A. Veloso and J. Zmeskal: Line shape of the μH(3p - 1s) hyperfine transitions.Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 023401, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys- RevLett.102.023401. t Benabderrahmane, M. L., N. Herrmann, K. Wis- niewski, J. Kecskemeti, A. Andronic, V. Barret, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, P. Buehler, M. Cargnelli, R. Caplar, E. Cordier, I. Deppner, P. Crochet, P. Fig. 2: Picture of the X-ray detector array of SIDDHARTA at DANE. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, L. Fabbietti, Z. Fodor, P. Gasik, I. Gašparic, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, A search for antikaon-mediated bound nuclear sys- K. D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, T. I. Kang, P. Kien- tems. Prog. Part. Nuclear Phys., 61, 512-550, 2008; le, M. Kirejczyk, Y. J. Kim, M. Kiš, P. Koczon, doi: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.02.002. M. Korolija, R. Kotte, A. Lebedev, Y. Leifels, X. t Pask, T., D. Barna, A. Dax, R. S. Hayano, M. Hori, Lopez, V. Manko, J. Marton, A. Mangiarotti, M. D. Horváth, B. Juhász, C. Malbrunot, J. Marton, Merschmeyer, T. Matulewicz, M. Petrovici, K. Pi- N. Ono, K. Suzuki, J. Zmeskal, E. Widmann: The asecki, F. Rami, A. Reischl, W. Reisdorf, M. Ro- improved study of the antiprotonic helium hyper- gowska, M. S. Ryu, P. Schmidt, A. Schüttauf, Z. fine structure. J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt., 41, 081008, Seres, B. Sikora, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, K. Siwek- 8 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/41/8/081008. Wilczynska, V. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, Z. Ty- t SIDDHARTA collaboration: M. Bazzi, G. Beer, minski, E. Widmann, Z. G. Xiao, T. Yamazaki, I. L. Bombelli, A. M. Bragadireanu, M. Cargnelli, Yushmanov, X.Y. Zhang, A. Zhilin, and J. Zmes- G. Corradi, C. Curceanu (Petrascu), A. d‘Uffizi, kal, E. Bratkovskaya and W. Cassing, Measure- C. Fiorini, T. Frizzi, F. Ghio, B. Girolami, C. ment of the In-Medium K0 inclusive cross section Guaraldo, R. S. Hayano, M. Iliescu, T. Ishiwa- in π- induced reactions at 1.15 GeV/c. Phys. Rev. tari, M. Iwasaki, P. Kienle, P. Levi Sandri, A. Lett., 102, 182501, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys- Longoni, V. Lucherini, J. Marton, S. Okada, D. RevLett.102.182501. Pietreanu, T. Ponta, A. Rizzo, A. Romero Vidal, t Suzuki, K., P. Bühler, S. Fossati, J. Marton, M. A. Scordo, H. Shi, D. L. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, H. Schafhauser, J. Zmeskal, Development of SciFi/ Tatsuno, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, O. Vaz- CheFi detector with SiPM readout. Nucl. Inst- quez Doce, E. Widmann and J. Zmeskal: Kaonic rum. Methods A, 620, 75-77, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j. helium-4 X-ray measurement in SIDDHARTA. nima.2009.05.07. Phys. Lett. B, 681, 310-314, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j. t Juhasz, B., J. Marton, K. Suzuki, E. Widmann and physletb.2009.10.052. J. Zmeskal (Eds.), Proceedings of the International t Pask, T., D. Barna, A. Dax, R. S. Hayano, M. Conference on Exotic Atoms (EXA 2008) and the Hori, D. Horváth, S. Friedreich, B. Juhász, O. 9th International Conference on Low Energy Anti- Massiczek, N. Ono, A. Sótér, E. Widmann: An- proton Physics (LEAP 2008) held in Vienna, Aust- tiproton magnetic moment determined from the ria, 15-19 September 2008, Hyperfine Interact., 193, HFS of antiprotonic helium. Phys. Lett. B, 678, 55- (1-3), 347 p., Sept. 2009; Foreword: doi: 10.1007/ 59, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.038. s10751-009-0072-z. >

Environmental Research

Institute for Limnology

Head: Thomas Weisse

Aims and Functions investigating the origin and maintenance of a diversity Limnology is the comprehensive science of the of aquatic organisms and communities at various biological properties of inland waters in their physical- levels, ranging from molecules (genes and proteins) chemical environment. Process oriented basic research over organisms and populations to communities. is the main task of the Institute for Limnology (ILIM) Most senior scientists of ILIM are qualified to give of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (AAS). Model lectures at various Austrian universities. The institute organisms, reaching from bacteria to fish species, are manages the International Post-Graduate training being used to investigate issues of general ecological programmes in Limnology (IPGL) and provides a and evolutionary relevance. The research results are substantial part of the teaching within these courses. also used, however, for consulting and in the search Several of the institute’s researchers serve in national for solutions in the planning, use and protection of and international professional societies and working inland waters. An example is given at the end of this groups and are active as peer reviewers and editorial report. The present research of ILIM provides the board members of international journals. basis for the sustainable use and protection of the water quality of our fresh waters. Results for 2008–2009 Research and teaching activities of ILIM were seriously The institute participated in >10 FWF and 1 EU research hampered with the beginning of the reconstruction projects (Fig. 4) during 2008/2009, and was, with work at the main building in the spring of 2008 and >40 staff members and collaborators at the beginning virtually stopped for six weeks when the institute moved of the reporting period, the largest Austrian research to the interim facilities in the summer. Since then the institution in aquatic ecology. Its core competences institute’s facilities and personnel have been spread over are in the fields of lake research, paleolimnology, and five different localities in Mondsee and surrounding evolutionary ecology. Current research focuses on areas. At the beginning of 2010, the shell of the house

Fig. 1: The shell of the 0 ( of ILIM at Lake Mondsee at the end of November < Institute for Limnology >

Fig. 2: Research of the working group Paleolimnol- D- the publication of the inter- ( O/ /8P

Fig. 3: ILIM investigated the effect of dumping 150,000 m³ of material, scree (OQ(P (> will be complete (Fig. 1), but it is not clear when the t demonstrating that indigenous Alpine whitefish construction work will be finished. Due to the difficult have higher fitness than introduced Baltic white- financial situation of the AAS, two research scientists’ fish and their hybrids posts could not be renewed on the retirement of the t reconstructing water temperatures in the Alps for respective long-time staff members during the reporting the last glacial termination spanning the period period. These unfavourable framework conditions did from approximately 19,000 to 13,000 years ago not only impede the work of the institute’s scientists, t predicting from a modelling approach the poten- but caused the participation of guest researchers and tial impact of short-term temperature fluctuations graduate students in the institute’s research to decline on carbon flux in small water bodies in the course markedly relative to previous years. of climate change

In spite of these obstacles, the institute continued its The long-term research of the working group Paleolim- investigations within the current research focus, i.e. nology enabled the institute to take a leading role in the studying the extent, origin and ecological significance publication of a popular scientific book (Ed. Schmidt of intraspecific diversity of aquatic micro- and macroor- et al. 2009), summarizing the Austrian climate research ganisms. Highlights of the institute’s basic research in an interdisciplinary context (Fig. 2). This book pre- in 2008/09 were sents an overview about climatic conditions and their t the characterization of the microvidin gene cluster consequences over the past 20,000 years and aims to set encoding the ribosomal synthesis of the common a broader audience thinking about the ongoing climate bioactive peptide microviridin in the cyanobacteri- change scenario. A Ph.D. student of the working group um genus Planktothrix Paleolimnology, Kerstin Huber, was awarded the first t linking ecological and phylogenetic diversity of prize within the APA-OTS contest “Researchers write the free-living, heterotrophic bacterium Polynuc- press releases” for her article “A lake tells of the climate leobacter necessarius and of widespread and ubi- past”. The results obtained within this dissertation on quitous protists of the Spumella morphotype the Carinthian Lake Längsee deciphered the climate t developing a method for the quantitative analysis of conditions during the period 19,000 to 13,000 years planktonic heterotrophic protists and microalgae from B. P. and indicated strong changes of the average tem- preserved field samples combining morphological and perature, long before the current, man-made climate small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis change. Results of the project “CLIM-Land” were pub- t detecting significant habitat x strain interaction in lished as an article (Schmidt & Boenigk 2009) within aquatic protists the 400 page illustrated book “Planet Austria” (Ed. t developing an automated analysis system for expe- Köck et al. 2009). This book introduces 33 selected rimental rotifer populations that revealed fitness projects, which were all conducted under the patron- differences between obligate vs. cyclical partheno- age of the AAS, to a wider audience. genetic rotifers t publishing a conceptual paper on the long-term At Lake Traunsee, a landslide of the so-called persistence of parthenogenesis in a small fish, the “Gschliefgraben” in the district of Gmunden, which Amazon molly had occurred at the end of 2007, required removal of > Institute for Limnology the slipping scree and debris to protect the settlements on the lakeshore. Since spring 2008 a large part of this material has been dumped directly into the lake (Fig. 3). Several researchers of ILIM investigated the effect of this input of 150,000 m³ of materials from Gschliefgraben onto the physical and biological properties of Lake Traunsee in two research campaigns during the summer of 2009.

Bibliography t Boenigk, J. (2008) The past and present classification problem in nanoflagellates. Protist 159:319-337. t Christiansen, G., Molitor, C., Philmus, B., Kur- mayer, R. (2008) Non-toxic strains of cyanobacteria are the result of major gene deletion events induced by a transposable element. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25:1695-1704. t Kurmayer, R. & Christiansen, G. (2009): The genetic basis of toxin production in Cyanobacteria. Freshwater Reviews 2:31-50. * =+ @ 9;D8 % - t Loewe, L., Lamatsch, D. K. (2008) Muller´s ratch- 8)); et may threaten the Amazon molly and other an- IPGLprogrammes8# cient asexuals. BMC Evol. Biol. 88: 88-108. 0@ t Montagnes, D. J. S., Morgan, G., Bissinger, J. E., # and irrigation channels. Atkinson, D., Weisse, T. (2008) Short-term temperature change may impact freshwater carbon flux: a microbial perspective. Global Change Biol. climate and land use impacts on an Austrian al- 14: 2810-2822. pine lake using seasonal temperature anoma- t Pamminger-Lahnsteiner, B., Weiss, S. Winkler K., lies, ice-cover, sedimentology, and pollen tracers. and Wanzenböck, J. (2009): Composition of native J. Paleolimnol. 40: 453-469. and introduced mtDNA lineages in Coregonus sp. t Sharma, A. K., Sommerfeld, K., Bullerjahn, G. in two Austrian lakes: evidence for spatio-temporal S., Matteson, A. R., Wilhelm, S. W., Jezbera, J., segregation of larvae? Hydrobiologia 632: 167-175. Brandt, U., Doolittle, W. F.,and Hahn, M. W. t Pfandl, K., Chatzinotas, A., Dyal P., Boenigk, J. (2009): Actinorhodopsin genes discovered in di- (2009): SSU rRNA gene variation resolves popu- verse freshwater habitats and among cultivated lation heterogeneity and ecophysiological differ- freshwater Actinobacteria. The ISME Journal 3: entiation within a morphospecies (Stramenopiles, 726–737. Chrysophyceae). Limnol Oceanogr 54:171-181. t Stelzer, C. P. (2009) Automated system for t Schmidt, R., Roth, M., Tessadri, R., Weckström, sampling, counting, and biological analysis of rotifer K. et al. (2008) Disentangling late-Holocene populations. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 7: 856-864. >"

Institute of Technology Assessment

Head: Michael Nentwich

Aims and Functions are interested in the conditions and consequences of The Institute of Technology Assessment (ITA) technological change. In particular, they are aimed at performs inter-disciplinary scientific research at decision-makers involved in the shaping of this change. the interface of technology and society. Technology Many of ITA’s projects for national and supra-national assessment (TA) aims to develop insights into the organisations highlight this function. Furthermore, societal consequences of new technologies in order international cooperation, particularly within the EU, to be able to shape the structural conditions for represents a significant part of ITA’s work. technological change. In concrete terms, societal benefit from technological progress should be Results for 2008–2009 maximised while avoiding negative impacts. The ITA’s research activities can be classified under four focal points: information society (e-governance – ICT ITA investigates the applications of new technologies in in the public sector, privacy and security technologies, their societal context. The analysis of technological and infrastructure and net innovations), technology and social conditions, of risks and opportunities provides the sustainability, governance of technology controversies, basis for developing technological and organisational and cross-cutting issues (methods and monitoring). In design alternatives and regulatory options. To this end this period, a total of 25, mostly third-party funded it is important to seek systematic and interdisciplinary projects were carried out, a few highlights from which empirical verification and to present the results in a are set out in the following. highly transparent form. In addition, a pre-condition for ITA’s work is a considerable amount of basic research The ITA-coordinated EU PRISE project concluded with and an effort to detect fields of future problems as early an international conference in Vienna in April 2008. as possible. The results are processed into decision- The main result was guidelines for the development and related options. The reports address all those who implementation of security technologies that respect and further the basic right of protection of privacy. It could be shown that it is necessary to define an inviolable core of the private sphere and that there are technical, organisational and legal regulations for the design of security technologies in a manner that conforms with human rights. The “PRISE criteria” will be considered in formulating future EU security research programmes and will be accounted for in relevant calls.

The involvement of persons other than experts and stakeholders, in other words the methodic participation of citizens with a lay status, in TA projects and in technology policy is gaining practical importance. *+|%VV+#8 Two large, internationally coordinated participatory X!= Institute of Technology Assessment

*+|%VV+9;9#|OO(D%X!W

Ziele und Aufgaben D

* "+ |% VV+ | D 9; 9# | OO( % Y 9 X!

Bibliography The European Journal of Social Science Research t Aichholzer, G., Westholm, H., 2009, Evaluating 22(1), 77-103. eParticipation Projects: Practical Examples and t Nentwich, M., 2008, Cyberscience: The Age of Outline of an Evaluation Framework, in: European Digitised Collaboration?, in: Olson, G. M., Zim- Journal of ePractice, No. 7, 27-44. mermann, A., Bos, N. (ed.): Scientific Collabora- t Arbter, K., 2009, Handbuch Strategische Umwelt- tion on the Internet, Cambridge/MA-London: prüfung, Institut für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung, MIT Press, 33-49. U. Bechtold (eds), 3rd ext. ed, Vienna: Austrian t Ornetzeder, M., Suschek-Berger, J., 2008, In- Academy Press. novation networks in the refurbishment sec- t Bogner, A., 2009, Ethisierung und die Marginali- tor of Austria: Promising Approaches waiting sierung der Ethik, in: Soziale Welt 60(2), 119-137. for market success, in: International Journal t Bogner, A., Littig, B., Menz, W. (eds), 2009, Inter- of Innovation and Sustainable Development, viewing Experts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 3(3/4), 285–300. t Fiedeler, U., 2008, Using Nanotechnology for the t Sotoudeh, M., 2009, Technical education for sus- Substitution of Hazardous Chemical Substances: tainability, An analysis of needs in the 21st cen- Challenges of Definition and Measurement, in: tury, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Journal of Industrial Ecology 12(3), 307-315. t Torgersen, H., 2009, Synthetic Biology in Society t Kastenhofer, K., 2009, Debating the risks and – Learning from past Experience?, in: Systems and ethics of emerging technosciences, in: Innovation: Synthetic Biology, 3(1-4), 9-17. >X

Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies

Head: Gerhard Glatzel

Aims and Functions ciplinary approaches and co-operations in the field of The Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological ecological long-term studies. In addition, current issues Studies (KIÖS) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences of interdisciplinary ecological research are presented deals with complex ecological questions, which require to the scientific community and the interested public. the cooperation of various scientific disciplines. Members of KIÖS are associated with numerous na- Members from both the natural sciences and the tional and international scientific boards. Therefore, a humanities are represented in KIÖS. Priority is given competent and unique interdisciplinary assessment of to issues requiring cooperation beyond the boundaries scientific questions is guaranteed. of institutes, faculties, universities and institutions. Results for 2008–2009 The scientific activities of KIÖS focus on the research Numerous manuscripts were edited during the and documentation of biodiversity and bioresources reporting period in the context of publishing activities in Austria, as well as on interdisciplinary ecological for the documentation of biodiversity in Austria. long-term studies, which are of particular interest The rd3 issue of the Checklists of the Austrian Fauna, in view of the discussion on global change. In the published in 2008, includes the class of Collembola context of biodiversity research, specific taxonomic, (springtails), the order of Palpigradi (microwhip eco-geographical, phylogenetic and evolutionary scorpions) and the family of Vespidae (wasps) in the investigations are conducted. Particular emphasis is order Hymenoptera (membrane-winged insects). Issue placed on the synthesis of organismic and molecular 4 was published in 2009 and comprises the class of approaches. Apart from fundamental scientific research Diplura (two-pronged bristletails), the suborder and the documentation of biodiversity, the tasks of KIÖS Symphyta (sawflies) and the order of Auchenorrhyncha include advisory services for the scientific community, (cicadas). The proceedings of the 13th meeting of the political decision makers and the public on complex International Hamster Working Group, entitled “The ecological issues, as well as public relations. Scientific Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus): Perspectives on studies and services for public and private clients are an endangered species” were published in 2009 in financed by means of third-party funds. issue 25 of the Biosystematics and Ecology Series. The proceedings are composed of papers on population For the documentation of biodiversity, KIÖS publishes monitoring and conservation projects as well as studies in the Biosystematics and Ecology Series besides general on reproduction. The interdisciplinary character of scientific articles in the following catalogues and the meeting is fully reflected by the proceedings and checklists: the topic is addressed in an holistic way. For instance, t Catalogus Florae Austriae not only the field management but also the actual t Catalogus Novus Faunae Austriae national policy and jurisdiction levels were evaluated. t Checklists of the Austrian Fauna. In the framework of KIÖS research activities, the years Within its budget limits, KIÖS also supports scientific 2008–2009 brought along a series of valuable insights, workshops named after the important Austrian natural which can be integrated into the international context scientist Kerner von Marilaun. The Kerner von Mari- of interdisciplinary ecological research. Two projects laun workshops aim at the exploration of new interdis- are cited as examples. Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies >

*+#((#?

The project “Sensory ecology of bumblebees: Adaptation pollinated sexual plants. Introgressive hybridisation of the visual system to different spectral light qualities seems to play only a subordinate role for the radiation in terrestrial habitats” led by Johannes Spaethe, aims of the Ranunculus auricomus-complex while the ability at the identification of coherences between the spectral of uniparental reproduction is a vital factor for founding sensitivity of photoreceptors of bumblebees (genus new populations and colonization. Bombus) and the actual spectral habitat. The relative opsin expressions (proteins found in photoreceptor cells In December 2008, KIÖS, together with the of the retina) were compared among several bumblebee Commission for Development Studies (KEF), or- individuals by means of polymerase chain reactions ganized the event “Vom Umgang mit den Ressourcen” (PCR) of distinct gene sequences. The study shows (On the Fair Use of Resources), which attracted that the expression of opsins varies between individuals wide interest across the audience. Top class national within one species. Populations exposed to a given and international lecturers conveyed a qualified and spectral light environment are consequently able to interdisciplinary insight to the complex context of adapt their relative expression to a particular spectrum. resource distribution and utilisation. At this point it The reproduction biological project “Advantages of became clear that the utilisation and the distribution apomixis versus selfing: studies on the Ranunculus of resources is above all an ethical question. cassubicus complex using experimental crosses and flow cytometric seed screen”, led by Elvira Hörandl and Eva Specialists of various scientific disciplines developed Temsch investigates inter alia the Mentor-Effect, i.e. strategies to identify and evaluate ecosystem services mixtures of self-pollen and pollen from another related e.g. clean water or air at the Kerner von Marilaun- species can have the effect of a breakdown of self- Workshop 2009 entitled “Landscape Based Cultural incompatibility. Flow cytometric seed screening and Ecosystem Services”. In the context of sustainable feulgen-densiometry were applied to test whether self- land use, linkages between ecosystem services and fertilization or hybridisation took place at the manually important determining elements of cultural landscape >> Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies

Fig. 2: Collecting bumblebees (Bombus pascuorum) in the national *"+*\(- park Hohe Tauern. The eye’s photoreceptors are able to adapt to the namics. Left: Mature red beech stand, Right: Sessile oak pseudo- actual spectral habitat. 9 0 were highlighted and discussed. Special emphasis was endemic from the southern Balkan Peninsula with given to identify research needs which could only biogeographic links to the Eastern Alps. Taxon be approached with interdisciplinary methods in an 58/2: 544-549. integrative way. t Pamminger, T. 2008: Bumblebee vision: Modifi- cation of the visual system in terrestrial habitats. Bibliography Diplomarbeit, Department für Evolutionsbiologie, t Hörandl, E. 2008. Evolutionary implications of Universität Wien. self-compatibility and reproductive fitness in the t Streinzer, M., Paulus, H. F. et al. 2009: Floral col- apomictic Ranunculus auricomus polyploid com- our signal increases short-range detectability of plex (Ranunculaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 169: 1219- a sexually deceptive orchid to its bee pollinator. 1228. J. Exp. Biol. 212: 1365-1370. t Hörandl, E., Cosendai, A. C. et al. 2008: Under- t Hörandl E. 2009. Geographical parthenogenesis: standing the geographic distributions of apomic- opportunities for asexuality. In: Schoen, I., Mar- tic plants: a case for a pluralistic approach. Plant tens, K., Van Dijk P. (eds.), Lost sex, pp. 161-186. Ecology & Diversity 1: 309-320. Springer, Heidelberg. t Postl, L., Herler, J. et al. 2008: Geometric mor- t Hörandl, E., Temsch, E. 2009. Introgression of phometrics applied to viscerocranial bones in apomixis into sexual species is in the Ranunculus three populations of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid auricomus complex inhibited by mentor effects and fish Tropheus moorii. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 46: ploidy barriers. Ann. Bot. 104: 81-89. 240−246. t Hochbichler, E., Bruckman, V. et al. 2009: t Millesi, E., Winkler, H. 2008: The Common Untersuchungen zur Dynamik der Biomassen‐ Hamster (Cricetus cricetus): Perspectives on an en- und Kohlenstoffvorräte in Niederwäldern dangered species. Biosyst. Ecol. Ser. 25. Wien: Ös- mit Überhältern, Mittel‐ und Hochwäldern. terrr. Akad. Wissen. Projektbericht zu Projekt 100185. Bundes- t Schönswetter, P., Schneeweiss, G. M. 2008: An- ministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, drosace komovensis sp. nov., a long mistaken local Umwelt- und Wasserwirtschaft. 168 S, Wien. ><

Space Research

Space Research Institute

Head: Wolfgang Baumjohann

Aims and Functions space plasma physics, on the interaction between the The Space Research Institute (Institut für atmosphere and exosphere of solar system bodies and Weltraumforschung, IWF) in Graz focuses on the the solar wind, and on the Earth’s gravity field. In the exploration of the solar system, on the investigation of area of instrument development the emphasis lies on near-Earth space, and on satellite geodesy. With over building magnetometers and satellite potential control 80 staff members from more than a dozen different systems, on antenna calibration, and satellite laser nationalities it is the Austrian space research institute ranging. Presently, IWF is involved in over a dozen par excellence. The activities of the institute cover the international space missions. It collaborates with the whole chain of research needed in its field. It develops European Space Agency (ESA), national space agencies and builds space-qualified instruments, including in the US (NASA), France, Japan, Russia, and China, calibration, and operates them once they are in space. with Austrian space industry and more than 120 The data returned by these instruments is scientifically research institutes worldwide. The missions cover the analyzed and interpreted, supported by theoretical determination of the Earth’s gravity field (GOCE), studies. In terms of science, IWF concentrates on fleets of satellites in near-Earth space (Cluster, Double Star, THEMIS, RBSP, MMS, Resonance), observation of the Sun (STEREO), exploration of planets such as Saturn (Cassini), Mars (Yinghuo), Venus (Venus Express), Mercury (BepiColombo) and extrasolar planets (COROT), as well as landing on comets (Rosetta). From building the instruments to analyzing their data, all these projects last 10-20 years.

Results for 2008–2009 One highlight of the reporting period was the launch of the GOCE mission by ESA in March 2009. The Space Research Institute (IWF) participates, in cooperation with the TU Graz, in the calculation of global gravity field models from the GOCE observations. Another highlight was the discovery of the first rocky exoplanet, until the present moment the exoplanet most similar to Earth, by the COROT space telescope in January 2009, with help from IWF’s technicians and scientists. During the reporting period IWF, in a team combining research and industry, started the development of three instruments for NASA’s mission “Magnet- ospheric MultiScale”, where four satellites will ex- *+Q/@+;@R##- plore the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere. tions contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms building The mission will be launched in 2014. The Electron #@R)+@D8 Drift Instrument measures the electric field with two < Space Research Institute electron beams. IWF develops the digital electronics of the detector unit and the electron gun. The Active Spacecraft Potential Control serves to com- pensate for the electrostatic charging of the satellites. The institute leads the instrument development and cooperates with RUAG Aerospace Austria and AIT Seibersdorf. The magnetometer laboratory of IWF, in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, builds a highly integrated magnetometer chip, which is significantly smaller, more power-saving, and more radiation-tolerant than standard magnetometer electronics.

A major part of data analysis and theoretical studies concentrated on the exploration of the Earth’s *+;8D)/- #8D8; magnetosphere by ESA’s four Cluster satellites and MultiScale. NASA’S five THEMIS satellites, launched in 2007. Within ten years, the Cluster mission has reached the least, institute members have organized four interna- milestone of 1,000 scientific publications, based on tional conferences/symposia, as well as 34 sessions at data from this mission. Among the top 10 scientists, international meetings. who had published the largest number of articles in this group, there are four IWF scientists. Bibliography t Delva, M., T. L. Zhang, M. Volwerk, Z. Vöros, S. The VenusExpress data analysis concentrated on the A. Pope: Proton cyclotron waves in the solar wind loss of water from the Venusian atmosphere. The VEX at Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B06 (2008) magnetometer built at IWF registered the magnetic t Kaufmann, E., G. Kargl, N. I. Kömle, M. Stel- signature of hydrogen ions in the wider neighbour- ler, J. Hasiba, F. Tatschl, S. Ulamec, J. Biele, M. hood of the Venusian atmosphere, and the Swedish Engelhardt, J. Romstedt: Melting and sublima- ion spectrometer detected O+ and H+ in the Venusian tion of planetary ices under low pressure con- magnetotail. ditions: Laboratory experiments with a melting probe prototype, Earth Moon Planets, 105, During the reporting period, IWF took active part 11–29 (2009) in three studies in the framework of ESA’s long-term t Kucharski, D., G. Kirchner, T. Otsubo, F. Koidl: scientific program, the so-called Cosmic Vision 2015- 22 Years of AJISAI spin period determination from 2025: Solar Orbiter, a mission for exploration of the standard SLR and kHz SLR data, Adv. Space Res., Sun and the solar wind, CrossScale, a multi-satellite 44, 621–626 (2009) mission for the investigation of fundamental proce- t Lammer, H., J. F. Kasting, E. Chassefière, R. E. dures in plasma physics, and Laplace, a mission to Ju- Johnson, Y. N. Kulikov, F. Tian: Atmospheric es- piter’s moon Ganymed. The launch dates of these mis- cape and evolution of terrestrial planets and satel- sions range between 2018 and 2021. lites, Space Sci. Rev., 139, 399–436 (2008) t Magnes, W., M. Oberst, A. Valavanoglou, H. Hau- In closing, some numbers: during the reporting peer, C. Hagen, I. Jernej, H. Neubauer, W. Baumjo- riod members of the institute published over 260 ar- hann, D. Pierce, J. Means, P. Falkner: Highly inte- ticles in refereed international journals, more than grated front-end electronics for spaceborne fluxgate 70 of these as first authors. During the same period, sensors, Meas. Sci. Technol., 19, 115801 (2008) articles by the institute’s researchers were cited about t Möstl, C., C. J. Farrugia, M. Temmer, C. Miklen- 3,800 times in the international literature. In addi- ic, A. M. Veronig, A. B. Galvin, M. Leitner, H. K. tion, about 260 talks and posters were presented at Biernat: Linking remote imagery of a coronal mass international conferences by members of the IWF, in- ejection to its in situ signatures at 1 AU, Astrophys. cluding one fifth as invited talks. In national and in- J., 705, L180-L185 (2009) ternational press media, the institute was mentioned t Nakamura, R., A. Retinò, W. Baumjohann, M. about 470 times in the past two years. Last but not Volwerk, N. Erkaev, B. Klecker, E. A. Lucek, I. Space Research Institute <

*"+@Y)(#(D\ analysis of the local stress.

Dandouras, M. André, Y. Khotyaintsev: Evolution fication of mirror mode waves in Venus’ magne- of dipolarization in the near-Earth current sheet tosheath? Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12204 (2008) induced by earthward rapid flux transport,Ann. t Zhang, T. L., M. Delva, W. Baumjohann, M. Vol- Geophys., 27, 1743–1754 (2009) werk, C. T. Russell, S. Barabash, M. Balikhin, S. t Panchenko, M., J. Hanasz, H. O. Rucker: Estima- Pope, K.-H. Glassmeier, K. Kudela, C. Wang, Z. tion of linear wave polarization of the auroral kilo- Vörös, W. Zambelli: Initial Venus Express mag- metric radiation, Radio Sci., 43, RS1006 (2008) netic field observations of the Venus bow shock t Volwerk, M., T. L. Zhang, M. Delva, Z. Vörös, location at solar minimum, Planet. Space Sci., 56, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier: First identi- 785-789 (2008) <

Commission for Astronomy

Head: Michel Breger

Aims and Functions a leading medium for the publication of international The Astronomical Commission was originally set up research results. ENEAS (European Network of Excellence on March 3, 1967 in order to administer the Austrian for Asteroseismology, EU) as well as the European membership of the International Astronomical Union. Astronomical Society (EAS) have chosen CoAst as their Since then the commission has enlarged its activities main communication medium for asteroseismology. In to include the scientific matters and projects affecting 2009 the publication scheme of CoAst was changed to Austrian science rather than just a single institution. reflect the new approaches chosen by other scientific Austrian astronomy is represented by the commission journals in order to speed up the publication process. on a number of international committees. These include New papers will be published online instantly after the the International Astronomical Union and the Editorial refereeing process in ADS (SAO/NASA Astrophysics Board of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the leading Eu- Data System). A printed compilation of papers published ropean scientific journal for astronomy. Furthermore, so far in the year will appear biannually. Starting in the Astronomical Commission supports a number of January 2010, a supplement with the title “CoAct - selected scientific projects with impact beyond a single Communications in Asteroseismology - Complementary scientific institution. The commission also supports in- Topics” will cover the publications of proceedings, ternational scientific meetings held in Austria through handbooks, and related items. Preparations for Volume 1 the printing and distribution of abstract booklets. were finished in 2009. The division of CoAst into a The commission also publishes an international, refereed regular and a supplementary series is needed in order scientific journal, “Communications in Asteroseismol- for CoAst to be included in the Scientific Citation Index ogy” (CoAst). The Austrian journal was chosen by the (SCI). This service to the authors should further enhance European Network for Excellence in Asteroseismology, the attractiveness of CoAst to its authors. the EU project HELAS (on solar and stellar astronomy) as well as the European Astronomical Society as their EAST - European Association for Solar Telescopes publication medium for asteroseismology. EAST is the European Association for Solar Telescopes The commission also supports historic documentation. (Delegate: A. Hanslmeier). Austria is one of the 15 This includes the digitization and cataloguing of a price- European members. At an informal meeting with Dr. less collection of astronomical books and documents at Schmidt and Prof. v. d. Lühe at the end of July, 2009 in the Vienna University Observatory, the digitization of Freiburg the continuation of the already existing database international astronomical records for the International JIS with co-operation of Graz in the frame of EAST was Astronomical Union as well as the continuous monitor- discussed. From October 14–16, 2009 another meeting ing of the Sun and the maintenance of the solar archives. was held in Freiburg with ATST in order to discuss further activities: Graz will participate in public relations as well as Results for 2008–2009 in web presence. A further meeting is planned in early 2010.

Communications in Asteroseismology Relations between EU-Projects and the Commission The ÖAW scientific journal “Communications in for Astronomy of the Austrian Academy Asteroseismology” was changed during 2001 from a Within the Framework Programme FP6 the EU-Project national journal to an international refereed journal for the EUROPLANET (2005-2008) coordinates research rapidly growing field of asteroseismology. It has become activities, particularily observing campaigns including Commission for Astronomy <"

*+ t Oral presentations at the event “100 hours of As- 160 of CoAst. It shows a tronomy”: April 3, 2009, “Giant Planets”: M. Vol- simulation of A star surface convections. Illustra- werk: Jupiter, H. O. Rucker: Der Herr der Ringe tion kindly provided by F. und seine Trabanten Kupka and J. Ballot. t Invited talk „Der Klang der Sterne“, Swakopmund, Namibia, February 2009 M. Breger t Invited talk by A. Hanslmeier in Padua, May, 2009 t Invited talk „Kepler, Galilei und der Mond“ Graz (Meerscheinschlössl), June 17, 2009, Prof. H. Grössing t “Thema des Monats” of the Austrian Academy, October 2009 “Astronomie” (http://www.oeaw. ac.at/home/thema/thema_200910.html)

Bibliography Editor in Chief: t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 152, Proceedings of the First BRITE Workshop, Vienna, the exploration of our solar system with ground-based May 22–23, 2007, Verlag der Österreichischen Aka- instruments as well as space probes. Approximately 100 demie der Wissenschaften, 2008, 186 S. European institutions and laboratories were part of the t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 153, coordinating process. A follow-up proposal of the above Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis- mentioned project has been accepted within the EU senschaften, 2008, 115 S. Framework Programme FP7 and is being carried out t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 154, from 2009 to 2012. Further EU-Projects with a global Proceedings of the Delaware Asteroseismic Research dimension are namely OPTICON, RadioNet, and Center and Whole Earth Telescope Workshop, Mount ASTRONET. Members of the Commission for Astro- Cuba, Delaware, Aug. 1-3, 2007, Verlag der Österrei- nomy cover a range of functions in the first two projects. chischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008, 81 S. t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 155, OPTICON User Manual for FAMIAS and DAS, Frequency Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy, Analysis and Mode Identification for AsteroSeis- FP6. The aim is to bring European groups with mutual mology and Database with time series for Astero- interests and aims together in order to improve Europe- Seismology, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie wide scientific cooperation in the field of optical and der Wissenschaften, 2008, 121 S. infrared astronomy. One of these network-based t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 156, activities is JIS (Administration: A. Hanslmeier): The Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis- Joint Information System (JIS) is a data base listing senschaften, 2008, 105 S. all institutes and members of staff working in the field t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 157, of solar physics and related fields. The web-based data Proceedings of the Wrocław HELAS Workshop base (www.solarjis.com) was built up by Mag. Ines „Interpretation of Asteroseismic Data“, Wrocław / Kienreich (Department of Physics, University of Graz). Poland, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Akade- mie der Wissenschaften, 386 S. Scientific activities: t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 158, NASA Mission STEREO, Radio and Plasma Wave Proceedings of the 38th LIAC / HELAS-ESTA Experiment (Co-I H.O. Rucker), preparation of archiv- / BAG Evolution and Pulsation of Massive Stars ing RPW-data on the Main Sequence and Close to it, Liège, Bel- gium, July 7–11, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Public Outreach: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009, 366 S. t IHY exhibition under the title “Im Feuer der Sonne” t Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 159, at the IWF in Graz, from January, 23 - April 24, 2009 Proceedings of the JENAM 2008 Symposium No t Oral presentations on January 23, 2009: T. Posch: 4: Asteroseismology and Stellar Evolution, Vienna, Das Internationale Jahr der Astronomie, H. O. September 8 – 12, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Rucker: Im Feuer der Sonne Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009, 134 S. <=

Interdepartmental Research Tasks

the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports

Head: Hans Sünkel

Aims and Functions selected glacier areas providing ortho-photographs The commission aims to promote scientific co- as well as viewgraphs of ice thickness changes from operation between the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1969 to 1998. Project results achieved constitute an the highest standing scientific research institution important basis for further considerations with regard of the Austrian republic, and the Austrian Federal to adaption necessities and consequences of climate Ministry of Defence and Sports. change within the joint commission.

Commission functions include curiosity and In 2009 scientific commission activities focused on the knowledge oriented scientific research with the project Austrian Academy of Sciences and Armed Forces application potential of common interest, mutual 1847 until 2009 – Co-operation in the National Interest. support in scientific matters as well as reciprocal After 15 years of successful operation a document in information. Most often posed and treated scientific the form of commission report 11 presents the com- problems and questions are of a strategic nature. mission, historical roots, functionaries, members, participants and commission achievements resulting from Results for 2008–2009 the efforts of the partnering organizations. Scientific commission work in 2008 was devoted to completing the commission’s work share in the co- The field of higher technical-scientific education, operative long term research project Austrian Glaciers as it turned out, started in December 1717 by the 1998 and 1969, Areas and Volume Changes as well as establishment of the Imperial Engineers Academy, the production of a German survey version of the scientific first higher technical educational establishment in the results in the form of commission project report 10 monarchy. Publication of a military scientific journal authored by Michael Kuhn, Astrid Lambrecht, Jakob for the advancement of discussions on issues pertaining Abermann, Gernot Patzelt and Günther Groß. to the military and military technology started in 1808 under the name of Austrian Military Journal. As late as The aim of the project was to create a national inventory 1847 the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna was comprising all Austrian glaciers from aerial photographs founded as the result of an extended founding period. taken between 1996 and 2002 following guidelines of Project report 11 not only deals with these issues but the World Glacier Inventory, re-evaluation of the 1969 also presents selected personalities who turned out to be inventory, construction of digital elevation models of vital importance for one or both sides. with 5 m grid, maps and rectified photographs on a 1:10,000 scale, calculation of area, height and volume Co-operation between the two institutions from changes from 1969 to 1998 and implementation of a 1857 to 1918 is traced employing the examples of the dedicated databank. The aerial photographs taken in Imperial Navy, the renamed Engineers Academy as well the years from 1996 until 2002 were duly homogenized as biographical notes on eight significant personalities to the year 1998 when the majority of all aerial pictures characterizing the period. From 1918 until 1955 both was taken. Commission project report 10 published sides, the Austrian Academy of Sciences as well as in the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press House the Austrian Armed Forces, were mainly occupied (Viewgraph 1) highlights likewise working methods fighting for their own survival. Co-operation was and scientific project results obtained. It details 34 thus limited but still existed. /D/8*;YD

*+|%> *+|%<

From 1955 until the foundation of the joint Bibliography commission in 1994 a phase of consolidation, t Michael Kuhn, Astrid Lambrecht, Jakob Aber- construction and new departures with occasional mann, Gernot Patzelt und Güter Gross: Die Ös- co-operation was characteristic for both sides. The terreichischen Gletscher 1998 und 1969, Flächen- commission’s active period from 1994 onwards is und Volumenänderungen. H. Sünkel (Hrsg.), documented comprehensively in commission report Projektbericht 10 der ÖAW-Kommission für die wis- 11; likewise research projects benefits together with senschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen des an attempt to classify them into comprehensible Bundesministeriums für Landesverteidigung, Verlag categories of usefulness. der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- ten, Wien, 125 S., 2008 Commission report 11 cover pictured with the t Hans Wallner, Alfred Vogel und Friedrich Firneis: Frigate NOVARA on the high sea and authored Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften by Hans Wallner, Alfred Vogel and Friedrich Firneis und Streitkräfte 1847-2009 - Zusammenarbeit (Viewgraph 2) illustrates the continuous effort of im Staatsinteresse. H. Sünkel (Hrsg.), the commission formed by representatives of the Projektbericht 11 der ÖAW-Kommission für die Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Armed wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen Forces to jointly extend our knowledge and understan- des Bundesministeriums für Landesverteidigung und ding as far as the boundaries of our world, and Sport, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der even the cosmos. Wissenschaften, Wien, 160 S., 2009

Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine

Head: Hermann Hunger

Aims and Functions The commission’s main task is to deal with two collections: From September 10–12, 2008, the commission organ- the Collection of the geographer Erich Woldan, and ized the Third International Conference of the Euro- the archive of the Radium-Institute of the academy. pean Society for the History of Science. Circa. 300 This means both scholarly work on the collections and scholars participated; 240 papers were read. The papers facilitating their use for interested scholars. are available online (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/kgnmm/ ESHS3rdCongress/Proceedings.html) and will also be While it is impossible for us to cover the whole of published on CD by the Austrian Academy. history of science, the commission organizes lectures, exhibitions and symposia to present topics from the The chairman of the commission represented the Aus- history of science both to a scholarly and to a wider trian Academy of Sciences at the 23rd International interested public; this includes presentations in Congress of the Division of History of Science and schools. We furthermore publish works on the history Technology of the International Union of History and of science in a special series. Philosophy of Science in Budapest (July 2009) where he also gave an invited paper. Results for 2008–2009 Work on cataloguing the Woldan Collection of L. Sexl participated in conferences and gave lectures in Geographica continued. Contents of the section Vienna, Berlin, Salzburg, Zürich and Gießen. Among America (1700-1918) and Asia (1488-1927) were others, she gave one of the Lise Meitner Lectures at entered in the Combined Austrian Library Catalogue. Vienna University and read a paper at the Georg-von- In the course of the year, approximately 450 inquiries Peuerbach-Symposium. from scholars in Austria and abroad about items in the Woldan Collection were received and answered. Projects in the continuing education of high schools teachers and pupils were the responsibility of L. Sexl, Four events were organized in the field of history of who organised such seminars on different topics in the geography: „Kartographie und Humanismus“ (June history of science on several occasions, in collaboration 9, 2008), „Geomorphologie und Kartographie“ with the Federal Ministry of Education. (November 24, 2008), „Pioniere der Wissenschaft“ (June 3, 2009) and „Globen im öffentlichen Raum“ L. Sexl completed a manuscript on G. W. Leibniz’s (November 9, 2009). (unsuccessful) proposals to the Habsburg emperors of his time for the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. On The Woldan Collection was regularly used in connection November 27, 2009, an international symposium on the with seminars at the University of Vienna. work of Franz Unger was held at the academy, organized by M. Klemun, a member of the commission. On June 4, 2008, the Commission organized a symposium on the occasion of the 150th birthday of Carl The commission continued to organize the “Kardinal- Auer von Welsbach, to which lectures were contributed König-Begegnungen zwischen Naturwissenschaften by commission members L. Sexl and P. Schuster. The und Theologie”, in collaboration with the Metanexus papers will be published in 2010. Institute, Philadelphia. Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine <

Bibliography Naturwissenschaften und Medizin 57, Verlag der t Frank Berger, Bruno P. Besser, Reinhard A. ÖAW, Wien, 587 S., 2008. Krause, (unter Mitarbeit von Petra Kämpf und t Flamm, Heinz: Die ersten Infektions- oder Pest- Enrico Mazzoli): Carl Weyprecht (1838-1881) Ordnungen in den österreichischen Erblanden, Seeheld, Polarforscher, Geophysiker. Wissen- im Fürstlichen Erzstift Salzburg und im schaftlicher und privater Briefwechsel des öster- Innviertel im 16. Jahrhundert. Veröffentlichungen reichischen Marineoffiziers zur Begründung der der Kommission für Geschichte der Mathematik, internationalen Polarforschung. Veröffentlichungen Naturwissenschaften und Medizin 58, Verlag der der Kommission für Geschichte der Mathematik, ÖAW, Wien. 80 S., 2008. <> <<

Research Facilities of the Section for Humanities and Social Sciences 100 101

Centre for Ancient World Studies (CAWS)

Commission for Egypt and the Levant

Head: Manfred Bietak

Aims and Functions Finally, the commission with the organisation of the The Commission for Egypt and the Levant, first of all, AAS (Austrian Academy of Sciences), is able as the possesses its own research projects. Second, it is a sort of only institution in its subject-area to organise and pub- interface for research within Egyptological institutions lish large-scale specialist conferences, symposia and in Austria. Third, most subject-publications are workshops in quick succession as well as the necessary handled and published in the commission’s bodies. The connected receptions. commission liaises particularly closely with the Institute of Egyptology at Vienna University and with the Results for 2008–2009 Austrian Archaeological Institute in Cairo. Thankfully, In the years 2008–2009, the excavations at Tell el-Dabca individual projects are sponsored by the Fund for the of the Austrian Archaeological Institute and Vienna Promotion of Scientific Research (FWF). University where our academy is actively integrated into the research, were carried on in four campaigns. On the one hand, the commission’s range comprises the entire subject of Egyptology in philological as well The excavations in the Palace District of Site II about as archaeological respects and, on the other, the terri- 500m west of Tell el-Dabca which had first been tories of Syrio-Palestinian archaeology as well as Nubia started in 2006 in this region continued in 2008 and and Sudan archaeology. 2009. The objective of these campaigns was to expose a wide an area as possible in order to achieve a gen- The SCIEM 2000 Special Research Area, sponsored by eral picture and an estimation of the architecture. It is the FWF; the new SFB TIME which is undergoing eval- becoming increasingly apparent that the floor plan of uation by the FWF; the excavations at Tell el-Dabca; the the facility exhibits a strong closeness to North Syri- frescoes project and the cultural contact project which an/Mesopotamian palaces. The pits in the yard area of are very international and interdisciplinary in nature, as a part of the facility which had already been detected is discernible from the publications. Scientists from most during the 2006 campaign have been wholly exposed. European countries and all continents are collaborating These are relics of ritual mealtimes which had there- on the special research area. Colleagues from Germany, after been deposited in pits in the yard. At the same Italy, Hungary, Poland, England, Greece, Spain, Argen- time, the occasion on which these took place remains tina and the USA are involved in the excavations. The unclear. Here, too, the prototypes seem to come from top specialists and experts in Minoan art are collaborat- the Near East, as ritual meals are unknown to date in ing on the frescoes project. the non-funerary context from Egypt.

The Egyptian Commission is the sole institution in Seal impressions which bear the name of King Chajan Austria which conducts cross-archaeological research (approx. 1600 – 1580 BC) have been found in secure into the Bronze Age of the Eastern Mediterranean find circumstances. As no other seal impressions with Area, particularly into Egypt and the Levant. It is the royal names had been found in the past, this king may only institution able to work on and publish temple in- be referred to as the owner of the Palace. It was of scriptions from the Ptolemaic Age. It is also the ideal particular importance that a fragment of a cuneiform interface for major international research projects such letter from the last decades of the Ancient Babylonian as the present and the planned special research area. Kingdom was found in the palace well. An Ancient 102 Commission for Egypt and the Levant

*+*(Y)#<=( *+|@V(- *#O |<

Babylonian cuneiform sealing of a wrap was found in up to here, whilst a sequence of strata of the Second a secondary context around 500m east of the Palace. Intermediate Period is certain to span right into the These finds prove that there was already, during the Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty). Hyksos Age, the custom of letter diplomacy between remote powers, with Akkadian being resorted to as a As part of the Geophysical Survey, magnetometer lingua franca and gifts being exchanged. Sources from measurements continued and resistance measurements Egypt traditionally supported a time frame that was were conducted for the first time. These investigations as much as 150 years later from the Amarna Age. The were used to reconstruct the geographical environment new finds suggest that the Hyksos had introduced Near as well as urban development. The drillings to inves- Eastern diplomacy into Egypt. tigate the antique harbour of Auaris also continued in co-operation with Lyon University and the CNRS. The area of the Austrian concession – which stretches over more than 260ha – is increasingly threatened by These investigations were helpful in the discovery of a modern building work. That is why it was necessary to 450 x 400 m size, rectangular harbour facility which, carry out, on behalf of the Supreme Council of Antiq- together with the Tuthmosis III Palace District ex- uity, an emergency excavation within the modern vil- posed so far, confirms the suspicion that the major lage of cEzbet Rushdi. This location is of immense im- fleet station Peru-nefer (Tuthmosis III, Amenophis II) portance as the suburban area of Avaris extends right had been located at this site. These investigations were Commission for Egypt and the Levant 103 supported by the Fund for the Sponsorship of Scien- Bibliography 2008–2009 tific Research as part of a project with the title “Ur- t Irene Forstner-Müller, Tell el-Dabca XVI, Die ban Development in the Nile Delta” (P21074-G08). Gräber des Areals A/II von Tell el-Dabca, UZK 38, 2008. A corresponding publication is at the printing stage t Vera Müller, Tell el-Dabca XVII, Opferdeponie- and is scheduled to be issued at the start of 2010. rungen in der Hyksoshauptstadt Auaris (Tell el- Dabca) vom späten mittleren Reich bis zum frühen The co-operation with the SCIEM 2000 Special Re- neuen Reich Teil I: Auswertung und Deutung der search Area, sponsored by the FWF, also continued Befunde und Funde Teil II: Katalog der Befunde on its successful way. Activities in 2008 focused und Funde, UZK 39, 2008. strongly on the closing evaluation of SCIEM 2000 t Robert Schiestl, Tell el-Dabca XVIII. Die Pa- which took place in January 2009. The SFB was rated lastnekropole von Tell el-Dabca. UZK 30, 2009. excellent by international subject-experts and is al- t Bettina Bader, Tell el-Dabca XIX, Avaris und Mem- lowed to continue, cost-neutrally to the FWF, until phis im Mittleren Reich und in der Hyksoszeit. Ver- 2011. Further, an international and interdiscipli- gleichsanalyse der materiellen Kultur , UZK 31, 2009. nary conference on devising another blueprint for an t Louise C. Maguire, Tell el-Dabca XXI, The SFB was held in January 2008. This SFB bears the Cypriot Pottery and its Circulation in the Levant, title TIME (Transformation and Innovation in the UZK 29, 2009. Mediterranean 1200-500 BC), an initial blueprint t Manfred Bietak/Ernst Czerny (Hrg.), The being submitted in November 2009 to the FWF for Bronze Age in the Lebanon, Studies on the Ar- preliminary assessment. This research project is to chaeology and Chronology of Lebanon, Syria and be conducted by an Austrian and a German group Egypt, CChEM XVII, 2008. of researchers with international participation. Our t Jaqueline Phillips, Aegyptiaca on the Island of commission is scheduled to take the lead. The Ger- Crete in Their Chronological Context: A Critical Re- man group is going to be headed by Prof. Hartmut view Volume I and Volume II, CChEM XVIII, 2008. Matthäus, Erlangen University. t Irmgard Hein, The Formation of Cyprus in the 2nd Millennium BC, Studies in Regionalism during the The publication works on Philae III also carried Middle and Late Bronze Age, CChEM XX, 2009. on into 2008–2009 with a field campaign by t David Aston, Burial Assemblages of Dynasty the Deputy Commission Chairman: correspondent 21.–25. Chronology–Typology–Developments, Member Erich Winter as well as Prof. Shafia Bedier CChEM XXI, 2009. from the SCA of Egypt and Dr. H. Kockelmann from t Die Zeitschrift: Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and Trier University. the Levant 18, 2008. 104

Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition

Head: Georg Danek

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition specializes in research fields which Project “Ancient Music” presuppose a high degree of specialisation and In the course of the last two years it has been possible interdisciplinary cooperation. Therefore, research into to study some well-preserved examples of the aulos, ancient literature and its influence on later centuries the principal woodwind of the ancient Mediterranean, is effected under two focal headings, as well as in the which consists of a pair of reed-driven pipes. Although form of cooperation with other institutions: “Ancient all these had been stored in Museums for quite a long Music” and “Nachleben of Classical Mythology” on the time, none had been subjected to musical evaluation. one hand, “Performativity / Theatrality in the Ancient A rather unseemly wooden example from the Berlin and Modern World” and “The Viennese Epigram- Egyptian Museum, featuring a bronze ring that was Papyrus” on the other hand. The general aim of the hitherto interpreted as an ancient repair, turned project “Ancient Music” is an enhanced understanding out actually to represent an otherwise lost class of of ancient musical culture in its practical aspects, with instruments. The ring apparently acted as a switch the focus on the Greek and Roman world. between different musical “modes”. Furthermore, both pipes of the instrument were equipped with small The methods employed comprise textual interpretation holes facilitating overblowing, and thus enabling the as well as the evaluation of archaeological evidence player to extend the scale of the instrument upwards. (artifacts as well as iconography) and extant melody fragments, and also the experimental reconstruction This has been confirmed on a replica, so that the old of musical instruments and their playing techniques. question of the sýrinx mentioned by ancient writers as a part of the aulos seems now settled in favor of The project “Nachleben of Classical Mythology” the “speaker hole” hypothesis. The importance of this concentrates on the study of newly invented myths particular Berlin instrument emerged when it turned out of the Renaissance era. The project “Performativity / that its design could explain some surprising features of Theatrality in the Ancient and Modern World”, which has accompanied a longtime theatre project, has now finished. The project “The Viennese Epigram-Papyrus” supports work on the editio princeps of a literary papyrus owned by the Austrian National Library.

The commission now boasts a tradition of software development, both for internal and for public use. The commission supports research on the Latin language in antiquity and the Middle Ages through permanent cooperation with two international lexicographical projects, established at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Munich): the “Thesaurus linguae Latinae”, *+D^O and the “Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch”. P Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition 105 a melody from a fragmentary instrumental score, found on a papyrus that was published only a decade ago. Building on previous work on famous aulos finds from Pompeii, working models of one pair of pipes were created and presented to an international public; these also include a ‘sýrinx’, although here made in the highly refined technique of the professional aulos. Subsequently the Naples National Museum gave permission to study the unpublished pipes in its possession, all of which are fragmented.

At the end of 2009, finally, a monograph on the evolution of Greek music was published, which puts the evolution of Greek music and musical thought from the Classical to the Imperial Age on a new footing. It combines the Fig. 3: Database on newly invented myths of the Renaissance, under more traditional study of ancient music theory and the construction. remains of ancient melodies with recently developed music-archaeological methods, so that each of these became the first Windows word processor to support fields of study sheds new light on the others. OpenType and thus book production of the highest typographical standards. Its version 8 provides editors Project “Software”: with new powerful tools such as regular expression Relevant research tools have all been brought up searches and keyword-in-context indexes. to date, thus ensuring their extensibility on future generations of Microsoft Windows. Lexical and Project “Nachleben of Classical Mythology”: morphological data for the Iliad from the Chicago The online bibliography has been augmented, Homer Project have been included in the metrical supplied, and updated. In its current form it can be database on Greek hexameter poetry; so it is now downloaded as a pdf-file of 411 pages (www.oeaw. possible to combine metrical and morphological ac.at/kal/mythos). Work on the online database for searches. The latest version of the keyboard utility newly invented myths of the Modern Age has been MultiKey comes with support for OpenOffice, thus continued. The database now includes most of the facilitating the move towards open-source software available literary text from Italian Renaissance. Work for scholars. The Classical Text Editor, finally, in 2008 on an English translation is in progress.

Project “Performativity / Theatrality in the Ancient and Modern World”: The cooperation with the longtime project of the group “theatercombinat” has been documented in an article on the performance of Aeschylus’ “The Persians”.

Project “The Viennese Epigram-Papyrus”: Support of a running project for an editio princeps of the “Viennese Epigram-Papyrus”, in cooperation with international leading experts and technical support (“multispectoral images”) by the Brigham Young University, USA (coordination: Cornelia Römer).

Bibliography t S. Hagel, Ancient Greek Music. A New Technical History, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 2009. t B. Kreuz, P. Aigner, C. Harrauer, Bibliography Fig. 2: Reconstructed Aulos. zum Nachleben des antiken Mythos (letzte 106 Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition

Aktualisierung: Jänner 2010): www.oeaw.ac.at/kal/ t S. Hagel, Re-evaluating the Pompeii auloi, Journal mythos/bibliomythos.pdf of Hellenic Studies 128 (2008), 52–71. t G. Danek, theatercombinat, aischylos, die perser, t S. Hagel, Ancient Greek rhythm: The Bellermann in: W. Kofler, F. Schaffenrath, K. Töchterle (ed.), exercises, Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 88 Übersetzung als Vermittlerin antiker Literatur. (2008), 125–138. Pontes V, Innsbruck 2009, 335–351. t C. Harrauer, Marsilio Ficino und der Mythos vom t S. Hagel, Reconstructing the Hellenistic Menschen, in: M.-C. Leitgeb, S. Toussaint, H. professional aulos, in: M. C. Martinelli (ed.), La Bannert (ed.), Platon, Plotin und Marsilio Ficino. Musa di men ti ca ta. Aspetti dell’esperienza musicale Studien zu den Vorläufern und zur Rezeption des greca in età elle ni stica. Pisa 2009, 227–246. Florentiner Neuplatonismus, Wien 2009, 173-188. 107

Commission for the History of Ancient Law

Head: Gerhard Thür

Aims and Functions and interstate relations from the 8th century BC to the The commission’s main areas of research are as follows: 3rd century AD. The assignments of the Commission ancient Greek law and epigraphy, the law of Graeco- for Ancient Legal History concentrate on re-editing the Roman Egypt and papyrology, the law of the Christian texts and providing ample annotated commentaries. churches of the ancient Near East and Byzantine law. By understanding public and private forms of court- Next to literary texts, inscriptions on stone, bronze procedure and the administration of justice within a or ceramics form the most important sources for the polis we are also able to provide valuable results for the legal history of the ancient Greek city-state. During reconstruction of political and social circumstances. the last decades research in this field has increased constantly. These documents present information on The Greek papyrus documents of Hellenistic and private law as well as public law, procedural as well as Roman Egypt are of vital importance for ancient legal substantive regulations, constitution, administration history. The papyri and ostraca (potsherds) dating from Alexander the Great’s arrival in Egypt (332 BC) to the Arab conquest in AD 641 range from private and business letters, contracts, tax and customs receipts, administrative correspondence to the edicts and decrees of the respective rulers. They are an indispensable source for the social, economic and administrative history as well as for the legal history of the country. The Commission for Ancient Law History is focused on the edition and historical analysis of such documents. Due to a cooperation agreement with the Austrian National Library, which gives the scientists of the commission access to the unpublished material of one of the world’s biggest papyrus collections, excellent conditions for this work are provided in Vienna.

Results for 2008–2009 At a conference organized by the Royal British Academy and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Gerhard Thür presented the juristic interpretation of a new speech by the Athenian orator Hypereides, found in the “Archimedes Palimpsest”. As a visitor to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton he completed the final edition and presented it there as well as at the Harvard Law School.

*+)#|"<=!"9/ G. Thür and K. Harter-Uibopuu completed the col- Source: J. Kirchner, Imagines Inscriptionum Atticarum. Ein Bilderatlas lection of the procedural inscriptions from Greek cit- Y89<"W|== ies for the Argolid. The main focus lies on the one > Commission for the History of Ancient Law

*+Y""+Z0@@X8YD+D||D

hand on the inscriptions from the 7th and 6th centu- Further work was done as well on the publication of an ries BC, that shed light on the early stages of law in account for building works dating from the reign of the the archaic Greek city-states, and on the other hand emperor Gallienus (AD 260-268) which provide an in- on proceedings of interstate arbitrations of the 3rd teresting insight into the financing and conducting of century BC, mainly concerning member-states of the the repair of an urban columned hall (stoa). federal Achaean League. The edition of papyrus documents from the collec- In a new analysis of a letter from the emperor Marcus tion of Munich (Germany) by Thomas Kruse brought Aurelius to the Athenians from the year AD 174/5, to light – among other interesting texts – another which was published on a stone inscription, K. Har- document concerning the organization and preroga- ter-Uibopuu shows how members of the Athenian elite tives of the local self-administration of the Jewish di- tried to hinder successful candidates for prestigious aspora community in second-century BC Egypt. His civic as well as priestly offices from actually entering work on the edition of a several meters long papyrus into office. They jealously guarded their spheres of in- roll from the collection of the Egyptian Museum in fluence and used the trials at local courts in Athens Berlin which was part of the files of tax collectors of as well as appeals to the emperor in order to discredit Theadelpheia (Middle Egypt) dating from the 2nd and hinder their opponents century AD throws light on the functioning of the local administration of Roman Imperial Egypt. Fritz Mitthof is the editor of circa. 50 late antique notary documents in the Vienna Papyrus Collection. The In 2008 the commission together with the Institute rental und lease agreements are of great importance not for Ancient History of the University of Vienna organ- only for their legal aspects but also for social and eco- ized the “First Vienna Colloquium on Legal History nomic history. Moreover they illustrate the function- in Antiquity” on “Vergeben und Vergessen. Amnestie ing and daily routine of a late antique notary’s office. in der Antike.” The conference pursued an innovative Commission for the History of Ancient Law < approach brining together the legal as well as the his- failure of such a measure. Following Vienna’s tradition torical aspects concerning the phenomena of amnesty in Ancient Law History the contributions covered not and acts of grace in antiquity. The fifteen national only the classical periods of Greek and Roman History and international participants presented interesting but also the Ancient Near East and Late Antiquity and results of their work on the various manifestations of thereby provided an overview of the respective mani- the legal institution of amnesty in antiquity. festations of amnesty throughout antiquity.

In particular the papers addressed the problems of the The commission organized the 17th Symposium of the legal procedure of a given amnesty, its political back- Society for Greek and Hellenistic Legal History in Au- ground and the motivation its initiators had by grant- gust 209 at Castle Seggau in Leibnitz. Thirty two leading an amnesty and finally the reasons for success or ing experts in Classics and Ancient Legal History presented their newest findings. The papers and responses will be published in the series of the commission.

Bibliography t G. Thür, Die Einheit des „Griechischen Rechts“. Gedanken zum Prozessrecht in den griechischen Poleis, Dike 9, 2006 [2008] 23-62 t G. Thür, The Principle of Fairness in Athenian Le- gal Procedure: Thoughts on the Echinos and En- klema, Dike 11, 2008, 51-74 t G. Thür, Ownership and Security in Macedonian Sale Documents, in: Symposion 2007. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte 20, hrsg. v. E. Harris / G. Thür (Wien 2008) 173-187 t K. Harter-Uibopuu, Die Anlassverfahren für die Appellationen an Mark Aurel (Athen, EM 13366), in: Zeitschrift der Savignystiftung für Rechtsge- schichte Rom. Abt. 125 (2008), 214-250. t Th. Kruse, Erkenntnis aus den kleinsten Einzel- teilen. Der Althistoriker Ulrich Wilcken und die Papyrologie in Deutschland, in: A. M. Baertschi – C. G. King (Ed.), Die modernenVäter der An- tike. Die Entwicklung der Altertumswissenschaf- ten an Akademie und Universität im Berlin des 19. Jahrhunderts, Berlin – New York 2009, 503- 527. t B. Palme, Law and Courts in Late Antique Egypt. In: B. Sirks (ed.), Aspects of Law in Late Antiquity. Dedicated to A. M. Honoré on the occasion of the sixtieth year of his teaching in Oxford (Oxford 2008) 55–76. t F. Mitthof, Pacht von Getreideland und Neup- flanzung von Wein, in: F. A. J. Hoggendijk – B. P. Muhs, (Ed.), Sixty-Five Papyrological Texts, P.Lugd.-Bat. 33, Leiden 2008, 265-278. t K. Harter-Uibopuu – F. Mitthof (Hg)., Vergeben und Vergessen? Amnestie in der Antike. Akten des ersten *"+|(Q"+D(D(*;- Wiener Kolloquiums zur Antiken Rechtsgeschichte, @>8YD+Q0( Wien, 27.-28.10.2008 (im Druck) |;;9<X|) 110

Commission for Editing the Corpus of the Latin Church Fathers

Head: Kurt Smolak

Aims and Functions to be an intentional falsification. This was proved by It has been the task of the commission ever since its a subscription of all parties involved in this fictional foundation in 1864 to provide reliable critical editions discussion on the heresy of Arianism. The text had of the Latin “Fathers of the Church” – i.e. of Christian already beenthe subject of an international workshop theologians, historians and poets up to the 6th century on editing patristic writings, held at the commission in – by considering and examining all relevant manuscripts 2006. Only since, however, has it become evident that according to the methods of textual criticism. Since the Collatio aimed at discrediting the Arian confession of Latin patristic authors had an enormous influence on the Vandal invaders by the authority of St. Augustine. European intellectual, spiritual, and even political life throughout the Middle Ages, their works have been After World War II a couple of Latin manuscripts were preserved in a considerable number of manuscripts transferred from the State Library of Berlin to the Uni- and incunabula. Considering these circumstances of versity Library of Krakow, Poland, where they were kept textual transmission, one can easily understand that the under lock and key. Within the long-time project of es- wording often differs from manuscript to manuscript tablishing worldwide catalogues of all manuscripts con- or, at least, from one family of manuscripts to another, taining genuine and spurious writings of St. Augustine, be it due to errors of monastic scribes or to alterations the textual witnesses just mentioned, which had been intended to modify or correct the text. Establishing the considered as lost, could be examined and evaluated. most plausible reading requires a profound knowledge both of the peculiarities of Late Latin and the styles and It was also in the course of the research project men- idioms of the respective authors. In certain instances, tioned above that the six hitherto unknown Latin ser- however, the wording of the manuscripts is so corrupt, mons discovered in 2007 in a 12th -century manuscript that the editor cannot but resort to conjecture. Furthermore, for achieving critical editions of texts no longer extant in their original version philologists have to make sure that no, probably important, textual witness has escaped their notice. Although modern media facilitate the process of searching for relevant manuscripts or incunabula, sometimes personal investigation in libraries is inevitable. All this makes clear that the methods of philological research as applied in the editions of the commission in question not only require highly specialized editors but an adequate period of time as well.

Results for 2008–2009 A text composed during the reign of the Vandals *+9(8@- 9 Y @ /8 z ( ( 0 in North-Africa (431-534) and ascribed to St. W0

Fig. 2: This 6th -century wall painting in the former library of the Lateran Fig. 3: Miniature in an early medieval manuscript, showing the scripto- (O^DPD @0(( DD80D on the left St. Paul, on the right a monk who copies the letters of the on a sumptuous throne, the Church Father points with his right hand at apostle. It is due to the book producing activities in medieval monaster- (codex((z ies and convents that the writings of the Church Fathers are preserved liber in thousands of manuscripts. – The Latin verses at the upper margin 08?( +O scholarship and wisdom. @0P in the Bibliotheca Amploniana in Erfurt, Germany, After extensive preparatory work, the first critical edi- could be proved to be authentic works of St. Augustine tion of Prosper’s treatise De vocatione omnium gen- as maintained in the manuscript. Even then, a thor- tium (“On the Vocation of all Peoples”) was finalized ough analysis of language, style, cultural background and published in 2009. This work, the authenticity of and theology was necessary, because titles and names which can now be taken for granted, marks a funda- of authors transmitted in medieval manuscripts are mental step in the development of the intellectual con- often not reliable, as the numerous pieces of literature cepts of this author of fifth-century Gaul, who had ini- erroneously or intentionally ascribed to St. Augustine tially been an ardent defender of Augustine’s doctrine show. Whereas two of the Erfurt sermons had already of grace, a matter then widely discussed in that region. been partly known, no traces of the remaining four had But, once he was appointed secretary to Pope Leo the previously been detected. In one of these sermons, pos- Great in Rome, he was striving to compromise with sibly delivered during Lent, Augustine deals with res- different theological positions. urrection; two sermons are dedicated to martyrs from Carthage, St. Cyprian and the couple of female martyrs, It was in that period that he wrote De vocatione om- Perpetua and Felicitas, respectively; the other three ser- nium gentium. When the genealogical stemma of the mons focus on alms and charity. They must be regarded manuscripts of this treatise was being worked out, so- as Augustine’s most detailed comment on that subject. called cladistic software was applied in connection with Since the titles of these sermons are listed in a catalogue a Latin patristic author for the first time. The Classical of Augustine’s writings which goes back to his lifetime, Text Editor software (CTE) developed in close collabo- there is no doubt about their authenticity. ration with the commission some ten years ago, pro- 112 Commission for Editing the Corpus of the Latin Church Fathers vides the user with an interface to cladistic programs, t I. Schiller - D. Weber - C. Weidmann, Sechs neue which depict biological relationships with the help of Augustinuspredigten: Teil 1 mit Edition dreier phylogenetic methods. For classifying families of man- Sermones, WSt 121 (2008), 227–284. Teil 2 mit uscripts, however, it cannot yet be considered as an ad- Edition dreier Sermones zum Thema Almosen, equate method, since it does not take into account the WSt 122 (2009), 171–213 possibility of text contamination. t Prosper, De vocatione omnium gentium (CSEL 97), edd. R. Teske - D. Weber Bibliography t D. Weber - C. Weidmann, Neue Augustinuspre- t H. Müller - D. Weber - C. Weidmann, Collatio digten in Erfurt, WHB 49 (2007), 30–39 (erschie- Augustini cum Pascentio. Einleitung, Text, Über- nen 2008) setzung, mit Beiträgen von H. C. Brennecke, H. t K. Smolak, „Gott hat keine Golddukaten gebracht“ Reichert und K. Vössing, herausgegeben von H. . Zu Sokrates und dem Laurentiushymnus des Pru- Müller, D. Weber und C. Weidmann, Wien 2008, dentius (Peristephanon 2), in: Tagungsband „Gold“, SBph 779 (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission hrsg. v. S. Deger-Jalkotzy und N. Schindel, Wien zur Herausgabe des Corpus der lateinischen Kir- 2009 (Denkschriften phil.-hist. Kl. 377), 55-62. chenväter, Heft XXIV) t D. Weber, Das Gold der Ägypter. Zu Deutung t I. Schiller: Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der und Funktionalisierung von Exodus 3 in Augus- Handschriften des hl. Augustinus: Ostdeutschland tinus, Confessiones 7, in: Tagungsband „Gold“, und Berlin, 2 Bde. Wien 2008, SBph 791 (Ver- hrsg. v. S. Deger-Jalkotzy und N. Schindel, Wien öffentlichungen der Kommission zur Herausgabe 2009 (Denkschriften phil.-hist. Kl. 377), 63–70 des Corpus der lateinischen Kirchenväter, Heft t K. Smolak, O beata trinitas. Überlegungen zu den XXV-XXVI) trinitarischen Hymnen des Marius Victorinus, in: t L. Dorfbauer, Zu den Quellen und zur Abfas- M. Ch. Leitgeb, St. Toussaint, H. Bannert (Hrsg.), sungszeit der Pseudo-Augustinischen Schrift De Platon, Plotin und Marsilio Ficino, Wien 2909 sobrietate et castitate, Hermes 136 (2008), 453-465 (WS Beiheft 33), 75-94 (+ 5 Abb.) 113

Asia Minor Commission

Head: Gerhard Dobesch

Aims and Functions The T.E.NOR (“Testimonia Epigraphica Norica – Ever since it was founded in 1890, the Asia Minor Römerzeitliche Kleininschriften aus Österreich”) Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences has project aims at documenting all written evidence concerned itself with the recording, documenting, on daily life in one Roman province (Noricum): ten publication and interdisciplinary evaluation of the Greek thousand examples of graffiti or stamps on private and Latin inscriptions of Asia Minor, and research on or household objects, most of which are stored all areas of the general and cultural history of this area. unpublished in museum depots. The information is For this purpose it publishes three specialist journals: being recorded in a database and parts thereof are Tituli Asiae Minoris (TAM), Ergänzungsbände zu den being made available in print and online versions. Tituli Asiae Minoris (ETAM) and Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen Kommission (VKK). The publication of Results for 2008–2009 these texts mostly falls within the remit of ancient history In order to produce a comprehensive history of Ephesus in its broadest sense, but there are many examples of prior to the Byzantine Age, J. Fischer worked on the fruitful co-operation with the neighbouring disciplines collection and translation of literary and epigraphical of archaeology, classical philology, Byzantine studies, sources, as well as the sorting of archaeological and numismatics, linguistics, Hittitology, and Egyptology. numismatic finds. Thus far, a first chapter on the role of Artemision and the city of Ephesus in ancient Consequently the three main tasks of the Commission mythology has been completed. A lecture on the are: field research, preparation of texts for the indexing imperial cult in ancient Ephesus was prepared for the of materials, and publication. Centre for Ancient World Studies’ conference, “Rituale – Identitätssiftende Handlungskomplexe” (Rituals – the There are undoubtedly still thousands of new complex ritual behaviours that create identity), in 2009 inscriptions to be found in Asia Minor, one of the most and is currently being readied for publication. A poster heavily populated areas of the Roman Empire, since was printed for the “Long Night of Research” in 2008, hundreds of previously unknown texts are discovered and a presentation given on “Austria and the ancient every year. Every nation that is actively involved in cultural history of Asia Minor”. In 2009 three posters archaeological studies has a presence in Asia Minor, were printed, a PowerPoint presentation was created since it would be impossible for any one nation to and a lecture given on “Ephesus – the metropolis of master Anatolia. Austria’s place there is an important western Asia Minor”. A contribution was also made to one, and a considerable part of the Commission’s the online journal Forum Archaeologiae entitled “Die budget is spent on the necessary surveys. Tyrannen von Ephesos” (The Tyrants of Ephesus).

The schedea are be kept permanently up to date As he does every year, Bülent İplikçioğlu (Istanbul) carried by entering all new finds and incorporating newly out epigraphic field studies in Termessos in Pisidia, as published specialist literature. In addition there is the well as in the neighbouring regions of Eastern Lycia and extensive collection of copies. The third task sees the Western Pamphylia. During the summer of 2008 he Commission engaged in bringing texts to publication worked in the urban areas of Arykanda, Attaleia, Gagai, as quickly as possible, and in publishing important Idebessos, Olympos and Rhodiapolis, and in the border studies on ancient Asia Minor. area between Akarassos and Isinda, where he was able 114 Asia Minor Commission

(for the Priest of Zeus Menogenes, for the Priests of Apollo Syrmaios and for two Agonotheten, among others), seven votive inscriptions (to the Mother of the Gods, Tazene, to Thea Parthenos, Syrmaios, Artemis Anaitis, Men Petraietes, Men Tiamou among others), a milestone and 13 tomb inscriptions. In 2009 he was able to copy 74 inscriptions, including five decrees (from the Maeonians and Parloenoi) two honorary inscriptions, 11 votive inscriptions (to Thea Larmene (?), Apollo Cissauliddenus, Men Petraeites, Dionysos, Helios Dionysos und Poseidon Asphaleios), a milestone, two Christian prayers and 39 tomb *+O+)^||+ inscriptions (including eight epigrams). |* In the course of her project on “The history and epigraphs to document over 90 new texts, addenda or corrigenda. of the Caystrus Valley (Lydia) in antiquity”, Marijana Ricl These included a votive to the goddess Eleuthera; a (Belgrade) travelled around Lydia. In 2008 she visited votive to Helios; two letters from Emperor Alexander approximately forty sites along the River Caystrus as well as Severus to Rhodiapolis; an inscription honouring museums in Tire and Ödemis, recording 103 inscriptions, the Emperor Vespasian; three inscriptions honouring 59 of which were previously unpublished. In 2009 she different persons; the construction inscriptions for the conducted research at approximately fifty sites within Asklepieion in Rhodiapolis; fragments of the Opramoas the same region and was able to discover 17 new texts. Monument; a Hellenistic funerary inscription and numerous tomb inscriptions.

In 2009 he spent time in Rhodiapolis, Gagai, Olympos, Phaselis and the Karacaağaç Hall of Altinyaka Village, and was able to document 61 new texts, addenda and corrigenda. These included the construction inscriptions of the Temple of Asklepios and Hygeia, commissioned by the physician and priest Herakleitos II; the construction inscriptions of the baths built by Lyciarch Enteimos II; a votive to Zeus; five votive inscriptions to Apollo; the building inscriptions of a storehouse dedicated to Zeus Olympios; an inscription honouring Empress Messalina (and probably also Emperor Claudius); an inscription honouring an Agonotheten; an acclamation for Christ; a stamp for holy bread; two new fragments of the Herakleitos inscription; inscriptions honouring various persons; discovery or revision of 314 fragments of the Opramoas Monument and, once again, numerous tomb inscriptions.

Hasan Malay (Izmir) is conducting research in the antique landscape of Lydia. In 2008 he worked in the areas of Saittai, Silandos, Kırkagaç, Magnesia on the Maeander, in settlements of the Hermos Valley, in the museums of Manisa, Ödemis, Izmirand Aydin and in private collections in Manisa and Izmir. He was able to record more than 43 unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions, including nine honorary inscriptions *+8+|+|* Asia Minor Commission 115

*"+)##!+)(turibulumR)D*@/)(*nd century 8+YzD(;M(%8)#WW!<|+V

Reinhard Wedenig, working on the T.E.NOR project, cia et Pamphylia unter Vespasian. Anzeiger der phil.- concentrated his efforts on the documentation of the hist. Kl. 143/2 (2008), 5–23 with 3 illustrations. comprehensive inventory of small inscriptions in the federal states of Styria and Salzburg. At the same time he worked Publications of the T.E.NOR - Project.: on finds from the whole of Austria, producing expert t Manfred Hainzmann / Reinhold Wedenig commentaries, lectures and essays as well as presentations (Eds.), Instrumenta Inscripta Latina II. Akten des for the “Long Night of Research” (OeAW Graz). 2. Internationalen Kolloquiums, Klagenfurt, 5.–8. Mai 2005. Aus Forschung und Kunst 36 (Klagen- Bibliography furt 2008), 380 pages with 205 illustrations. t Reinhold Wedenig, Römerzeitliche Webge- Publication Series „Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen wichte aus der Steiermark als Schriftträger. In: Kommission“ (VKK): G. Grabherr / B. Kainrath (Eds.), Akten des 11. t Nr. 21: Adolf Wilhelm, Kleine Schriften, Abtei- Österreichischen Archäologentages in Innsbruck lung IV: Gesamtindices und Schriftenverzeichnis, 23.–25. März 2006. Ikarus 3 (Innsbruck 2008), erstellt von Luise und Klaus Hallof. Sitzungsberich- 323–341. te 772. Vol., 2008, 258 pages. t Reinhold Wedenig, Bemerkungen zu Namen- t Nr. 23: Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen graffiti auf Keramikgeschirr in Noricum. In: P. Münzen, Band II, bearbeitet von Wolfgang Le- Mauritsch / W. Petermandl / R. Rollinger / Chr. schhorn. Denkschriften 383. Vol., VNumis 47, Ulf / I. Huber (Eds.), Antike Lebenswelten. Kon- 2009, 1092 pages. stanz – Wandel – Wirkungsmacht. Festschrift für t Nr. 24: Bülent İplikçioğlu: Ein neues hellenisti- Ingomar Weiler zum 70. Geburtstag. Philippika sches Ehrendekret aus Arykanda (Lykien). Anzei- 25 (Wiesbaden 2008), 601–614. ger der phil.-hist. Kl. 143/1 (2008), 117–126 with 2 t Reinhold Wedenig, Ein Bleietikett mit illustrations. Zenturiengraffito von der Freyung in Wien 1. t Nr. 25: Bülent İplikçioğlu: Die Provinz Lycia un- In: Fundort Wien. Berichte zur Archäologie 12, ter Galba und die Gründung der Doppelprovinz Ly- 2009, 104–112. 116

Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture

Head: Andreas Pülz (until 31.12.2008: Friedrich Krinzinger)

Aims and Functions Imperii Romani (CSIR). The volume CVA Österreich The Institute for Study of Ancient Culture (IKAnt) 5 (Vases from the Classical Period in the KHM) is emanated from the merger of several Commissions in print, and the volume CSIR Österreich I/7 (The of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and in the Roman Stone Monuments of Carnuntum) will be beginning mainly concentrated on research themes finished in 2010. from Ephesus and Carnuntum. Today, the institute increasingly commits itself to comprehensive cultural- historical questions within a supra-regional range After the successful conclusion of the project on the in the controversial field of pluri-ethnic cultural military camp, research on Roman limes is now focused dynamics. At present, in the course of several singular on the Canabae of Carnuntum, which surrounded research projects, three major themes – housing and the military camp on three sides and had a city-like residency, sepulchral contexts and collective moral structure. The analysis of remote sensing data (aerial concepts, urbanism and transformation processes – photographs, LIDAR-data), and the integration of are examined more closely. The projects consequently published excavation results, archaeological artefacts and build a temporal bridge from the Archaic to the plough soil assemblages, will enable a case study of the Byzantine period and are geographically situated in settlement structure and the development of a Roman the eastern and the central Mediterranean region, as military city. Furthermore, the archaeological synthesis well as in the Roman Danube provinces. of the excavation results and the prospection data for the first time allow for precise conclusions on the acquisition In addition, innovative field-specific methods are of ancient territory from Carnuntum’s hinterland. developed, refined, internationally discussed, and cross-linked through intra- and interdisciplinary During the course of the limes research, significant collaborations, all within the scope of selected progress was also achieved with regards to the archaeological field research projects, as well as analysis excavations in the sanctuary of Iuppiter Heliopolitanus of finds and findings. in the Canabae of Carnuntum, which was carried out by the workgroup, Canabae Research. The two The IKAnt’s efforts are all directed to the publication publication projects of the workgroup for Christian of obtained results in series that are available in the Archaeology (Corpus of the late Antique and early respective subject areas (Archäologische Forschungen, Christian mosaics of Bulgaria, and the early Christian Der römische Limes in Österreich, Forschungen in church of Arapaj/Albania) were also successfully Ephesos, Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie continued and will be completed in 2010. Similar etc.). Furthermore, the institute strives to contribute progress was achieved in preparing the publication to the promotion and education of young scientists by of the palace mosaics of Constantinople, by the consequently involving them in current research. workgroup for the research of mosaics in Asia Minor.

The institute is also in charge of a series of international In Ephesus, work concentrated on the archaeological obligations from the Academy of Sciences to edit and building-related historical analysis of the theatre. corpora and lexica such as the Corpus Vasorum The on-site examinations, carried out in collaboration Antiquorum (CVA), as well as the Corpus Signorum with the Technical University of Vienna, were Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture 117

completed, and the preparations for the publication of the results were in full swing. Through research, the IKAnt was able to develop a solid basis for the absolutely essential consolidation work that will enable the usage of the theatre by daily visitors and for cultural events, simultaneously balancing the interests of historical monument preservation and tourism.

Another central focal point of research was the further evaluation of the Terrace Houses. The combined analysis of the building features, the décor, and the inventory were especially emphasized here, from which significant new insights into private Roman lifestyle could be gained, with regards to the function of single rooms or groups of rooms. Furthermore, social and religious aspects of daily life could be examined more closely. After dwelling unit 4, the publication of dwelling units 1 and 2 were also printed. The completion of the work on units 3 and 5, as well as unit 6 can be expected by the end of 2010.

The project on Byzantine Ephesus aims to compile a synthetic study on the urban development and the material culture of the late Antique and Byzantine period in the Metropolis Asiae. During the course of this project, significant new insights were achieved from the so-called Byzantine palace (e.g. concerning dating, lifespan, size, etc.), as well as the residential area which was erected over the Imperial Harbour Baths. The well-preserved state of these houses makes essential statements possible, with regards to the lifestyle in Ephesus in the late Roman Imperial period and in early Byzantine times. Furthermore, the results will be compared with significant findings in Western Asia Minor during the course of a comprehensive study (DOC-programme of the academy).

Comprehensive cultural-historical questions are also the focal point of the survey project, Alinda. For the first time, all building structures in this Carian city have been documented, and an archaeological overall plan has been worked out based on terrestrial and GPS-based measurements. The aim is to record and analyse the urban development and the history of Alinda for the first time, based on material culture as well as written sources, and to trace the transformation of the settlement from the late Classical period up to the Byzantine era.

In line with the START project on the Domitilla Fig. 1: Figurine of Jupiter Dolichenus on a consecration altar Catacomb in Rome, the digital documentation inside )#+;/">>= of the catacomb has been completed, a geometrically > Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture

*+^DX Fig. 3: Alinda, Hellenistic tower of the city

correct overall plan of the cemetery has been generated, Natives in the Cimmerian Bosporus 7th−1st Cent. and a virtual tour has been worked out. In the course BC. Proceedings of the International Conference of the archaeological examinations, fragments of 2000 (2008) 79 pp. paintings that had been taken off and now kept in t R. Pillinger, Gold in der frühchristlichen Kunst, several museums in Rome, were documented and in in: S. Deger-Jalkotzy, N. Schindel, Gold. Tagung some cases, virtually reconstructed. The collection of anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums Archäologie paintings is now almost complete, therefore future und Altertumswissenschaften 2007, Origines 1 (= project work will shift from documentation to analysis DenkschrWien 377, 2009), 83 pp. and detailed studies of the cemetery. t A. Pülz, Von der Göttin zur Gottesmutter? Artemis und Maria, in: U. Muss (Hrsg.), Die Archäologie Bibliography der ephesischen Artemis. Gestalt und Ritual eines t C. Gugl, Mapping and Analysis of Linear Landscape Heiligtums (2008) 67 pp. Features, in: A. Krek, O. Bender, N. Evelpidou, t P. Ruggendorfer/H. D. Szemethy (Hrsg.), Felix A. Vassilopoulos (Hrsg.), Geoinformation von Luschan (1854–1924). Leben und Wirken Technologies for Geocultural Landscapes: European eines Universalgelehrten (2009) Perspectives (2008) 275 pp. t V. Scheibelreiter, Römische Mosaiken in t E. Hudeczek, Die Rundskulpturen des Stadtgebietes Westkleinasien, in: M, Meyer (Hrsg.), Neue Zeiten - von Flavia Solva, CSIR Österreich IV/1 (2008) Neue Sitten. Zur Rezeption und Integration römischen t F. Krinzinger (Hrsg.), Die Wohneinheiten 1 und 2 und italischen Kulturgutes in Kleinasien, Wiener im Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos, FiE VIII/8 (2009) Forschungen zur Archäologie 12 (2008) 155 pp. t S. Ladstätter (Hrsg.), Neue Forschungen zur t V. Tsamakda, N. Zimmermann, Wilperts Kuretenstraße von Ephesos, AForsch 15 (2009) Forschungen in der Domitilla-Katakombe auf t C. Lang-Auinger, Iconographic Parallels between dem Prüfstand, in: Giuseppe Wilpert archeologo Terracottas from Western Asia Minor and the Black cristiano. Akten des Internationalen Symposiums Sea, in: Archaeopress, Oxford (Hrsg.), Greeks and 2007 (2009) 409 pp. <

Commission for Mycenaean Studies

Head: Sigrid Jalkotzy-Deger

Aims and Functions Culture” project. The aim of this project is to establish The main area of work of the Commission for Mycenaean the chronology of the post-palatial Mycenaean period Studies is the study of the prehistoric cultures of Greece SH IIIC (12th/11th C BC) and to publish the results of before the age of Homer, in particular the Minoan and the Austrian excavations of a Mycenaean settlement Mycenaean cultures. This involves the investigation from this period in Aigeira/Achaia. of archaeological finds as well as the interpretation of Linear B Mycenaean texts. The aim is to carry out The aim of the Linear B research project is the publication interdisciplinary projects combining archaeology, of cultural historical works based on the administrative ancient history and Indogermanic philology to produce texts of the Mycenaean palaces. In addition, the two a cultural-history overview of all the available sources central projects give rise to other full research projects for a given period. The main focus is on the production on a variety of themes. These include projects for the of synoptic publications, but alongside this, work is publication of original materials which have been carried out on archaeological material finds. Further brought to the Commission by the various excavators, important areas of work are the relationships between studies on particular aspects of the early Aegean period, the Aegean cultures and the neighbouring regions of and contributions to the history of science. the Mediterranean, the Balkans and, in particular, the advanced civilisations of the Near East. Results for 2008–2009 For the project on the Early Aegean Period, 2nd series, Research carried out by the Commission for Myce- research reports from 1975, work continued on two naean Studies is concentrated on two central projects: volumes. One of these monographs deals with the the monographic report on finds and research entitled Neolithic and Pre-Palatial Era in Crete – following on “Ägäische Frühzeit” (the Early Aegean Period) cov- from the existing volumes on the Neolithic and Early ers all periods of the pre and early history of Greece Bronze Age in Greece and the Aegean) An overview of from the earliest cultures to the end of the Early Iron the newly published finds clearly demonstrates Crete’s Age. Its aim is the production of monographs that dependency on imported raw materials, which were provide a detailed picture of the pre and early his- necessary for the production of tools and weapons tory of Greece, reconstructed on the basis of a variety as well as prestigious objects. At the same time, the of sources. These volumes are not simply intended to appearance of oriental prestigious objects in the late contain a synthesis of existing knowledge which has, Pre-Palatial Era demonstrates a change of orientation until now, been scattered and never drawn together in Crete, which later led to the building of the ancient over the centuries, but is also to include new, original palaces. The other volume deals with the Early results from research carried out by the authors. Mycenaean period in Greece. Here, a study of early Mycenaean gold finds proves the close networks of the The second main focus of research of the Commis- small territorial domains of the Peloponnese. sion for Mycenaean Studies is the participation in the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ special area of research The SCIEM 2000 special field of study was completed “The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Eastern in 2009. The final evaluation was extremely positive and Mediterranean in the Second Millennium BC” (SCI- the individual projects were extended, without added EM 2000) in the form of the “End of the Mycenaean costs, until the beginning of 2011. This also applies to 120 Commission for Mycenaean Studies

and even Rudolf Virchow. Their differences of opinion reached their peak during the „First Trojan Confer- ence“ in December 1889. (Fig. 1).

In 2008-2009 work was carried out on the following individual projects on particular aspects of the Early Aegean Period: The dissertation project on Contacts between Southern Thrace, Central Macedonia and Thessaly from the Late Bronze Age to the Beginning of the Early Iron Age deals with interregional contacts and the networks for exchanges which linked these regions together. The publication project onMonumenta. Studies on Mycenaean graves in Messenia covers all the published burial sites in this area between MH III and SH IIIC (17th-12th century B. C) and charts the development of two large local centres. The habilitation projectAthens and Attika in the Mycenaean Age is a comprehensive study on the development of Mycenaean culture in this central region of mainland Greece. The key questions examine the possibility of Attika as a political unit or the independence of smaller areas within this region, as well as the possible role as a central location, or even capital city, of Athens within the region of Attika.

In addition to these projects, work continued on many publications on material finds. This includes the publication on the Early Bronze Age, Keramik der Burg von *+;(@9><+ Midea, dealing with pottery which was unearthed during the Greek-Swedish excavations (led by: K. Dema- kopoulou and A.-L. Schallin). A further project deals the End of the Mycenaean Culture project. Volumes I with the Late Neolithic settlement mounds of Visviki in and II of the final publication on the finds from Aigeira Thessaly, and was conducted by Hans Reinerth, head of are works in progress. In 2009 the proceedings from the the Reichsbundes für Vorgeschichte, and his staff. This 2007 workshop LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms project comprises not just the publication of all current- III were published. They contain definitions on the ly available finds and the settlement architecture based last phase of the SH IIIC period and the so-called on the excavation documents, but also the analysis of Submycenaean phase as well as the transition from the contemporary historical documents (Fig. 3). Mycenaean Age to the Early Iron Age.

The monograph published during the period under review, Ein trojanischer Federkrieg. Der Streit zwischen Heinrich Schliemann und Ernst Boetticher um die Grabungsergebnisse in Troja (by Michaela Zavadil), illustrates the disagreement between Ernst Boetticher and Heinrich Schliemann over the interpretation of Schliemann‘s research in Troy. After reading the most recent report to be published on the excavations at Troy in November 1880, Boetticher was convinced that Schliemann had misinterpreted the results and had excavated not a settlement, but a necropolis where crema- tions were held. In strongly worded articles he argued against Schliemann, his colleague Wilhelm Dörpfeld *+;88 Commission for Mycenaean Studies 121

t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Chapter 15: Decline – Destruction – Aftermath, in: C. W. Shelmerdine (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age”, New York 2008, 387-415. t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, A-mu-ta-wo, Ku-ru- me-no und Pu2-ke-qi-ri: Drei “mykenische Karri- eren”, in: A. Sacconi, M. del Freo, L. Godart, M. Negri (Ed.), Colloquium Romanum. Atti del XII Colloquio internazionale di Micenologia Roma, 20.- 25. Febbraio 2006. Pisa – Rome 2008, 179-197. t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Die vorhomerische Epik – Indizien und Wahrscheinlichkeiten, in: J. Latacz et al., Homer: Der Mythos von Troia in Dichtung und Kunst. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Antikenmuseum und der Sammlung Ludwig in Basel. Munich 2008, 99-105. t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Die Kriegervase von Mykene. Denkmal eines Zeitalters im Umbruch, *"+#;+# in: Zeit der Helden. Die „dunklen Jahrhunderte“ Griechenlands 1200-700 v. Chr. Herausgegeben vom Badischen Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Karl- Bibliography sruhe 2008, 76-83. t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, From LH IIIC Late Monographs to the Early Iron Age: The Submycenaean Period at t DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, BÄCHLE, Elisa- Elateia, in: S. Deger-Jalkotzy – A. E. Bächle (Eds.), beth (Eds.), LH III C Chronology and Synchro- LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH nisms III LH III C Late and the transition to the III C Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Early Iron Age, Proceedings of the international Proceedings of the International Workshop held at workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sci- the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, Febru- ences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007, ary 23rd and 24th, 2007 (Vienna 2009) 77-116. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen t RUPPENSTEIN, Florian, The Transitional Phase Klasse 384, Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen from Submycenaean to Protogeometric: Defini- Kommission 30, Vienna 2009. tion and Comparative Chronology, in: S. Deger- t ZAVADIL, Michaela, Ein trojanischer Federkrieg. Jalkotzy – A. E. Bächle (Eds.), LH III C Chronol- Die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Ernst Boetti- ogy and Synchronisms III: LH III C Late and the cher und Heinrich Schliemann, Sitzungsberichte Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 781, Veröf- the International Workshop held at the Austrian fentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 29, Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and Vienna 2009. 24th, 2007 (Vienna 2009) 327–343. t ZAVADIL, Michaela, Diademe und Siegel, Tassen Articles und Perlen: Gold in der mykenischen Welt, in: Gold. t ALRAM-STERN, Eva – : Tagung anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums $ $ Z Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften an der P $ V, in: A. Mazarakis Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 19.– Ainian – A. Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou (Eds.), Acts 20. April 2007, Denkschriften der philosophisch- of the Acts of the 2nd Archaeological Meeting of historischen Klasse 377, Origines. Schriften des Thessaly and Central Greece, Volos 16-19.3. 2006, Zentrums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften Volos 2009, 75-84. 1, Vienna 2009, 99–112. 122

Numismatic Commission

Head: Michael Alram

Aims and Functions tions of the past were dedicated to ancient Greek coins, The Numismatic Commission’s work is dedicated to the European coinages of the Middle Ages and to to numismatics in its entirety, from antiquity to the the coinage of the Ottoman Empire. modern era, and comprises basic numismatic research as well as the historical and economic interpretation of In the international scientific community, the Numis- coinages. Thus, the Numismatic Commission’s activity matic Commission is acknowledged as being a major is of the utmost importance also for neighboring institution of numismatic research. As such, it coop- disciplines like ancient, medieval and modern history, erates closely with the Institute for Numismatics and art history, archaeology, economic history, as well as, Monetary History (Vienna University) as well as with e.g., linguistics. Numismatics is doubtless one of the the Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. key disciplines of the humanities, a science in its own Further cooperations are linking the commission to all right, since doing research on coins requires scholars the other important European coin cabinets (Berlin, with an extensive numismatic training due to the London, Paris) as well as to the American Numismatic complexity of the subject. Society (New York) and other research institutions like the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Par- At present, the Numismatic Commission is carrying is), the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (Rome), out research work on the coinages and finances of the the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civi- Roman Empire in general and of Roman Austria in lizations, Harvard University, and the Institute of Ar- particular, furthermore on those of pre-islamic Iran chaeology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. and its neighboring countries. Projects and publica- Results for 2008–2009 In the past two years, major scientific progress was made by the successful completion of two long-term research projects in the fields of Roman imperial coinage and Ottoman coinage, viz. “Moneta Imperii Romani: Trajan” and “The Beçin Coin Hoard”.

The new structural analysis of the Emperor Trajan’s imperial coinage, designed to be the new standard reference for this series, is currently at the printers: “Die Reichsprägung des Kaisers Traianus (98–117 n. Chr.). Moneta Imperii Romani vol. 14”. It is the first volume in MIR to cover the difficult early second- century material. Due to the well-known dearth of literary sources for Trajan’s reign, the importance of the numismatic material cannot be overestimated: Up to now, however, the use of Trajan’s imperial coin- *+%8Y<>M age as a source for history was inhibited by significant 8YX>< uncertainties concerning the chronology of the issues Numismatic Commission 123

from the identification of Roman coins in the collection of “Museum Lauriacum”, particular attention has been paid to the Roman coin hoards from Lauriacum and its surroundings: a meticulous analysis of these is being conducted within a sub-project of “FMRÖ Lau- riacum”. As for Austrian coin finds, the commission has started a PhD project in which the Roman coins found in Salzburg will be studied. Furthermore, work on the coin finds of the Austrian excavations in Ephesus continued in 2008 and 2009: In publicising the coins found in recent campaigns in the “Kuretenstrasse”, the enormous potential of a thorough analysis of ancient coin finds was demonstrated.

Fig. 2: A coin lump from the Beçin Hoard. Apart from that, many of the commission’s publication projects in the field of ancient oriental numismatics – of the central period of Trajan’s reign (AD 103–111). for which this institution is regarded as a centre of ex- For the new monograph, an in-depth analysis of the cellence by the scientific community – have advanced numismatic portrait types used in this period was considerably. This is true both for vol. II of the “Sylloge carried out which allows for a better dating of the rel- Nummorum Sasanidarum” and vol. VII of the “Sylloge evant issues: in this way, the numismatic source be- Nummorum Parthicorum”, as well as for the volume comes fully accessible for the very first time. “Sasanidische Münzen und ihre Imitationen in Zen- tralasien”. The first monograph to be produced within “The Beçin Coin Hoard” has been one of the biggest the project “Die Münzprägung der Iranischen Hunnen research projects to be carried out by the commis- sowie ihrer Nachfolger in Zentralasien und Nordwest- sion since its foundation in 1970. This unique hoard, Indien” (“Pre-Islamic Numismatic History” of the NFN which closes in about AD 1615, contains Ottoman “The Cultural History of the Western Himalaya from as well as European coins and was unearthed during the 8th century”, FWF S9806-G21) will be a sylloge archaeological excavations in 2000; it has been dealt volume of the most important collection of Huna coin- with by the commission’s experts (in cooperation with age in private hands, the collection of Aman ur Rah- Turkish colleagues) since 2001. In autumn 2009, the man (Dubai). The manuscripts of all the aforementioned bilingual manuscript (German – Turkish) was ac- books will be submitted for publication in 2010. cepted for publication by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. From a methodological point of view, the numismatic analysis of the Beçin coin hoard is especially interesting since on the one hand, this is the first time that a successful numismatic system reconstruction has been based on a coin hoard.

On the other hand, the principles of the Viennese school of numismatics have for the first time been applied to Ottoman coins. A detailed analysis of all available numismatic data sheds new light on Otto- man coinage of the late 16th/early 17th century e.g. as regards the internal chronology of issues. Further- more, the metrological studies greatly add to our knowledge of Ottoman economic history in the period represented by the Beçin hoard. * "+ / ) 8Y "M"" # - As for the study of coin finds, the most important cur- 8Y""WW= rent project of the commission is “Fundmünzen der rö- # <Xz # mischen Zeit in Österreich: Lauriacum/Enns”. Apart four military standards. 124 Numismatic Commission

On April 3–4, 2008, the Numismatic Commission Enns (Hrsg.), Festschrift Herbert Kneifel zum 100. organized the third Austrian “Numismatikertag”: This Geburtstag (= Mitteilungen des Museumvereines Congress was opened by Michel Amandry (Paris), then Lauriacum 46, 2008), Enns 2009, 183–218. President of the International Numismatic Commis- t U. Schachinger, Die antiken und byzantinischen sion; scholars from Austria and several foreign coun- Münzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Alte Ge- tries gave papers on numismatic topics covering nearly schichte und Altertumskunde an der Karl-Franzens- all the fields and periods. Universität Graz. Nummi et Litterae 2, Graz 2008. t N. Schindel, Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Is- Bibliography rael. Hebrew University (Jerusalem), Israel Antiq- t M. Alram, Ein Schatzfund Hephthalitischer uity Authority (Jerusalem), Israel Museum (Jeru- Drachmen aus Baktrien, Numismatische Zeit- salem), Kadman Numismatic Pavilion at the Eretz schrift 116/117 (2008), 253–268. Israel Museum (Tel Aviv). Veröffentlichungen der t S. Deger-Jalkotzy/N. Schindel (Hrsg.), Gold. Ta- Numismatischen Kommission 46 = Denkschriften gung anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums Ar- der phil.-hist. Klasse 376, Wien 2009. chäologie und Altertumswissenschaften an der t N. Schindel, Die Fundmünzen von der Kureten- Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, strasse 2005 und 2006. Numismatische und his- April 19–20, 2007. Origines. Schriften des Zen- torische Auswertung, in: S. Ladstätter, Neue For- trums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften, schungen zur Kuretenstrasse von Ephesos. Akten Band 1, Wien 2009. des Symposiums für Hilke Thür vom 13. Dezem- t W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf grie- ber 2006 an der Österreichischen Akademie der chischen Münzen (Lexicon of Greek Coin Inscrip- Wissenschaften, Wien 2009, 171–245. tions). Bd. 2: Ethnika und ,Beamtennamen‘. Ver- t B. Woytek, The Aureus under Trajan: The Metro- öffentlichungen der Numismatischen Kommission logical Evidence. American Journal of Numismat- 47 = Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen Kom- ics, Second Series 20 (2008), 435–457. mission 23 = Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse t B. Woytek, Denarius aureus oder nummus 383, Wien 2009. aureus? Zum Namen der klassischen römischen t A. Ruske, Der Fund spätrömischer Silbermünzen Goldmünze, Revue Belge de Numismatique 155 in Enns (1906), in: Museumverein Lauriacum – (2009), 177–208. 125

Prehistoric Commission

Head: Herwig Friesinger

Aims and functions Editorial projects are the main task within the focal The activities of the Prehistoric Commission cover point Late Iron Age (La Tène-Culture). Within the the realization and scientific evaluation of research scope of the research programme “F.E.R.C.AN. projects in selected chronological focal points such as – Fontes Epigraphici Religionis Celticae Antiquae”, the Palaeolithic Period, the Late Bronze Age (Urnfield an international team of researchers is editing an Culture) and Late Iron Age (La Tène Culture). encyclopaedic adaptation of all epigraphic texts on Altogether eight major projects were being conducted Celtic religion which will be published in the Corpus- by the commission in the time period under report. F.E.R.C.AN., consisting of several volumes.

Furthermore one of the main tasks of the commission is the Results for 2008–2009 monographic publication of archaeological findings and In 2008 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of scientific results in the “Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen the recovery of the “Venus of Willendorf” a major Kommission” (MPK), a series of monographs on pre- and international conference with publication and an protohistoric subjects. The journal “Archaeologia Austriaca” exhibition was organized and conducted together with (ArchA) is also edited by the commission. Within the the Natural History Museum Vienna. Section for Humanities and Social Sciences the Prehistoric Commission is now part of the Centre for Ancient World The archaeological investigation of a Gravettian hearth Studies, which aims at joint projects, co-operations, which had been recovered en bloc in 2007 took place from workshops and public appearances (e.g. the conference May to July 2008. The construction of the basement at “Rituale – identitätsstiftende Handlungskomplexe”, Krems-Wachtberg was prepared in the autumn of 2008. November 2–3, 2009 and the participation at the “Lange Nacht der Forschung”, November 7, 2009). Fieldwork at Krems-Wachtberg in 2009 was carried out from July through October (Fig. 1) in the course of which As in previous years Palaeolithic research focussed 20 m² were excavated and 35,000 data sets recorded. The on the investigation of the Krems-Wachtberg site. latter comprise about 7,500 recovered finds which include The long-term intensification of the investigations numerous objects of personal adornment like perforated required some organisation: a service contract was animal teeth and ivory pins. One object emerges from concluded between the Austrian Academy of Sciences among the quantitatively and qualitatively high-ranking and the State of Lower Austria, and office space was find material, an ivory lamella circa. 21 cm long and circa. found and rented near the site in the Gozzoburg in Krems, 4 cm wide, which had been decorated with 10 (maybe 11) where the field work accompanying administration stripes of red color running transverse its inner surface. of finds and data can take place. Thankfully, the delicate object has been consolidated and restored in the laboratories of the Römisch-Germanisches Within the focal point of the Late Bronze Age (Urnfield Zentralmuseum in Mainz, Germany. Presently it is being Culture) two research incentives, “The Later Urnfield prepared for publication. Cemetery of Franzhausen–Kokoron, Lower Austria” and “The Older Urnfield Cemetery of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen, An important contribution to the positioning of the Lower Austria”, are being reinforced in the scope of the Krems-Wachtberg site was a workshop at Krems in topic “Burial Rituals and Society” (project bundle). 2009 which brought together everyone working on 126 Prehistoric Commission

*+OV(<+Q#((||O!8V

sample material of the excavations and was able to The analysis of single parameters (accessory vessel contribute to questions related to climate, stratigraphy rituals, social status) has been refined and expanded. and chronology. Regarding the Older Urnfield Culture cemetery of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen, the self-financed digitalization Cooperation with the “Venusprojekt” of A. Lackenberger of the pencil drawings of features and ceramics as well (EU project involving the Landesakademie and as graphic realization of metal and other small finds was Frauenreferat of Lower Austria) encompassing several completed. Due to the lack of capital resources further public roundtable discussions, a scientific meeting and work had to be postponed. A project application to the a film documentary project can be considered as public Austrian Science Fund is scheduled for 2010. relations work. As regards the research on the copper smelting site S1, Within the focal point of the Late Bronze Age a revision analysis has been conducted, e.g. the investigation of of the catalogue of the cemetery of Franzhausen- archaeo-metallurgic samples of the roasting plants and slag Kokoron’s features (411 features/403 graves) has been dumps, as well as analysis of the faunal material. Also the completed. An internet presentation of the catalogue focal point Late Iron Age has seen considerable progress. and figures is currently being prepared in cooperation The first volume of the Corpus-F.E.R.C.AN., “Noricum” with V. Muth, the publishing house of the Austrian by M. Hainzmann, is expected to be published in 2010. Academy of Sciences, and will be posted online in The Lexikon“ zur Keltischen Archäologie”, to be published spring 2010. The ongoing work with WinSerion has in 2010 in two volumes with about 800 pages each, will been developed so far that a horizontal stratigraphy include circa 1,960 articles of selected authors from all of can be performed to elucidate grave combinations. Europe. An online version is planned as well. Prehistoric Commission 127

*+O+<W- ognizable gateways. Literature: HRODEGH8Y)+YV#Y<WM=*

In addition a number of further publication projects Bibliography are being conducted by the Prehistoric Commission, t Numerous publications appeared in the period the most important of which are: under report from 2008–2009, some examples of which are listed below: t „Thunau am Kamp – Eine befestigte Höhensiedlung t Brandl M., Silexlagerstätten in der Steiermark. der Urnenfelderkultur“(see Fig. 2) Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 69, 2009, 1–105. t „Wörterbuch ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Fachtermi- t Einwögerer T., Händel M., Neugebauer-Maresch ni in deutscher und spanischer Sprache“ C., Simon U., Steier P., Teschler-Nicola M., Wild t „Die Geschichte der Prähistorischen Kommission der E. M., 14C Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Site kaiserlichen bzw. österreichischen Akademie der Wis- at Krems-Wachtberg, Austria, Radiocarbon 51-2, senschaften 1878–1918“ 2009, 847–855. t „Der Oberleiserberg bei Ernstbrunn (Grabung t Freeden U. v., Friesinger H., Wamers E. (Eds.), 1976–1990). Frühbronzezeit und Urnenfelderzeit“ Glaube, Kult und Herrschaft. Phänomene des Religiösen im 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr. In Mittel- Besides the long-established yearly conference und Nordeuropa, Akten des 59. Internationalen “Grundprobleme der frühgeschichtlichen Entwicklung Sachsensymposions und der Grundprobleme der im mittleren Donauraum”, further periodic meetings frühgeschichtlichen Entwicklung im Mitteldonau- and workshops (co-) organized by the Prehistoric raum, Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 12, Commission, have been introduced, e.g. the Bonn 2009, 1–532. “F.E.R.C.A.N – Workshop” and since 2004 the so-called t Händel M., Simon U., Einwögerer T., Neugebauer- “UK-Gespräche” taking place twice a year. Maresch C., New excavations at Krems-Wachtberg > Prehistoric Commission

– approaching a well-preserved Gravettian Quaderni di Acme 104, 2008, 105–135. settlement site in the middle Danube region, t Lochner M., Hellerschmid I., Keramische Grund- Quartär 56, 2009, 187–196. formen der mitteldonauländischen Urnenfelderkul- t Hofeneder A., Die Religion der Kelten in den tur – Vorschlag für eine Typologie(grundlage). antiken literarischen Zeugnissen. Sammlung, Archäologie Österreichs 19/2, 2008, 45–48. Übersetzung und Kommentierung. Band II. t Neugebauer-Maresch C. (Ed.), Krems-Hundssteig Von Caesar bis Florus, Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 66, – Mammutjägerlager der Eiszeit. Ein Nutzungsareal 2008, 1–675. paläolithischer Jäger- und Sammler(innen), Mitt. t Hainzmann M., de Bernardo Stempel P., Zur Prähist. Komm. 67, 2008, 1–348. Formulierung theonymischer Formulare im t Wawruschka C., Frühmittelalterliche Rahmen des F.E.R.C.A.N.-Projekts. Vorschläge zur Siedlungsstrukturen in Niederösterreich. Mitt. grafischen Umsetzung und Codierungsanleitungen. Prähist. Komm. 68, 2009, 1–204. In: Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Religioni Celtiche, t Weinberger S. K., Warfare in the Austrian VII Workshop F.E.R.C.A.N. , Università degli Weinviertel in the Early Bronze Age, Mitt. Prähist. Studi di Milano Facoltà die lettere e filosifia, Komm. 65, 2008, 1–125. <

Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology (CSACSA)

Institute for Iranian Studies

Head: Bert G. Fragner

Aims and Functions Studies on Iranian onomatology, in particular in the The Institute of Iranian Studies (IIS) evolved in 2002 from form of the publication of a monograph series, the its predecessor research unit, the Commission for Iranian Iranisches Personennamenbuch (IPNB). Studies. The IIS is the only academic institution in Austria with an explicit focus on Iranian studies. The research 3. “Iranian studies with relevance to Austria” agenda of the IIS reflects this situation and highlights the A substantial number of projects based at the IIS have significance and relevance of Iranian studies. immediate relevance to Austria.

The two main research areas of the IIS represent 4. “Central European Network contrasting and complementary approaches to of Iranian Studies (CENIS)” the international field of Iranian studies. “Iranian The IIS based CENIS serves as a communication and onomatology” continues the established research coordination network for Iranian Studies in Central tradition of the Commission for Iranian Studies. Europe. “Iranian cultures and societies between tradition and modernity” adds new and innovative perspectives. As a 5. “Creation of the first Iranian studies library in consequence of the lack of qualified young scholars in Austria” and “Creation of an Iranian image database” the field of Iranian studies in Austria, the IIS recruits a substantial number of its researchers internationally. Results for 2008–2009 Much of the work in the research focus “Iranian cultures The IIS focuses on the following core research areas: and societies between tradition and modernity” in 2008 and 2009 was dedicated to the role of trans-cultural and 1. “Iranian cultures and societies trans-regional relations in the history of early modern Iran between tradition and modernity” (16th–19th centuries). Giorgio Rota published the critical Strong Iranian cultural influences can be observed in edition and Italian translation of a Persian chronicle the history of societies in Western and Central Asia and (2009). Centered on the life of a Georgian officer in even in China and India up to the 20th century. The 17th-century Iran, this volume presents important exploration of the modern transformations of “Persianate results from Rota’s research on cultural and political / Iranianate” cultures and societies from the early modern interactions between Iran and the Caucasus region. Rota period to the present calls for trans- and interdisciplinary also published a pioneering monographic survey of the comparative research covering an area that includes cultural relations between Iran and Venice in the early modern Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and other countries modern period (2009). Ralph Kauz continues his work in the region. The paradigm of “Persianate / Iranianate on Iranian-Chinese relations and interactions. He has cultures and socities” is intended to balance and critically advanced his English translation of the Khatayname, a complement other comprehensive regional concepts 16th-century Persian survey of China and started a new such as the “Middle East” or the “Muslim world”. project on the history of the Persian language in China. In 2009 he coorganized an interdisciplinary conference 2. “Iranian onomatology” on Islam in China. The IIS hosted a conference on the The institute continues in an intensified way the long- International Horse Economy in Iran, India and China term project of the former Commission for Iranian in 2008. The proceedings were published in 2009. 130 Institute for Iranian Studies

*+D;))8(D"X"W( ^((Y)"XW|';

Markus Ritter continues to work on the transformation who played a crucial role in the development of health of architecture and painting in 17th- to 19th-century care and medical training in 19th-century Iran. Iran. In June 2009 he hosted at the IIS the Ninth Annual Conference of the Iranian Qajar Studies Association Velizar Sadovski continues to be in charge of the IIS dedicated to Architecture in Qajar Iran. long-term project on Iranian onomatology. Three new volumes on Iranian personal names in Semitic The research theme “Iranian studies with relevance to “Nebenueberlieferung” were published in 2009. Austria”, closely interlinked with the other research In October 2009 Sadovski organized a symposion themes at the IIS, has produced a rich harvest in in connection with his project on the language of 2008 and 2009. M. Ritter completed a joint project Indo-Iranian poetry and completed the subproject on under his leadership on the burial garment of Duke Indo-Iranian figures of speech. Rudolph IV and related medieval Iranian textiles in museums of Vienna. The rich results from this project The IIS cultivates a network of intensive scholarly are expected to lead to further research. “Iranianness: contacts with institutions and researchers particularly in The construction, negotiation and contestation of Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Hungary, Poland, Iranian identities in Vienna”, a project funded by Italy and Germany. Concrete project cooperations are the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and carried out intended to intensify and expand the IIS based Central by Julia Czarnowski, was also completed in 2009. European Network of Iranian Studies. In 2009 a group of Barbara Karl established a large database on Islamic experts in Iranian studies from Bosnia and Herzegovina art objects in Vienna collections and published results visited the IIS with the purpose of discussing and of her research on the history of the collections in the implementing a new cooperation. In 2008 a week-long framework of a project funded by the FWF. Afsaneh international summer school brought circa. 50 scholars Gächter advanced her project, also funded by the FWF, to Vienna to discuss new research in Persian codicology. on trans-cultural aspects of modern Iranian history at The cooperation of the IIS with the Austrian National the example of the Austrian physician, Jakob Polak, Library (ÖNB) and the Iranian publishing house Miras-e Institute for Iranian Studies 131

t Fragner, Bert G. (2009). Die ‚Khanate‘ : Eine zentralasi- atische Kulturlandschaft vom 15. bis zum 19. Jahrhun- dert. In: Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte 9.1, S.33-75. t Karl, Barbara (2009). Art for the international market: Three mother-of-pearl objects from six- teenth-century Gujarat in early modern European collections. In: Ritter, Markus (Ed.), Konferenzak- ten der E. Herzfeld Gesellschaft. t Kauz, Ralph; Rota, Giorgio; Niederkorn, Jan Paul (Ed.) (2009). Diplomatisches Zeremoniell in Europa und im Mittleren Osten in der frühen Neuzeit. Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Archiv für Österreichische Ge- schichte ; 141; Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 52). t Lurje, Pavel (2009). Khamir and other Arabic words in Sogdian texts. In: de la Vaissière, Etienne (Ed.), Islamisation de l’Asie central. Paris: Peeters, S.32-59 (Cahiers de Studia Iranica) t Rota, Giorgio (2009). Under two lions : On the knowledge of Persia in the Republic of Venice (ca. 1450-1797). Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlic- hungen zur Iranistik ; 53). t Rota, Giorgio (2009). La vita e i tempi di Rostam Khan : (Edizione e traduzione italiana del ms. Bri- *+Z@|||# Austrian National Library. Courtesy of the Austrian National Library. tish Library Add 7,655). Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 47). t Ritter, Markus (2009). The lost mosque(s) in the citadel of Qajar Yerevan : Architecture and iden- Maktub continued with the preparation (completed in tity, Iranian and local tradition in the early 19th 2009) of a facsimile edition of the oldest known New century. In: Iran and the Caucasus 13, S.1-43. Persian manuscript (codex ÖNB A.F. 340). t Sadovski, Velizar (2008). Epitheta und Götternamen The dissemination and transfer of knowledge occupies im älteren Indo-Iranischen: Die Kataloge im Veda a central position at the IIS. Bert Fragner organized und im Avesta (Stilistica Indo-Arica, I.). Wien: Ver- in co-operation with Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler lag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 41). (University of Vienna, History of Eastern Europe) t Wentker, Sibylle; Feichtinger, Walter (Ed.) (2008). a public lecture series on Central Asian history and Islam, Islamismus und islamischer Extremismus. society, 13th-20th centuries. Since 2004 a public lecture Wien: Böhlau. (Internationale Sicherheit und series in cooperation with the “Österreichische Orient- Konfliktmanagement). Gesellschaft” communicates Iranian cultural history to the general public. With the assistance of G. Rota and in co-operation with the Austrian Embassy in Teheran, A. Gächter prepared a documentary book on the history of Iranian-Austrian relations. In 2008-2009 ten titles were published in the two monograph series of the IIS and three more titles have been accepted for publication.

Bibliography t Fragner, Bert G.; Kauz, Ralph; Ptak, Roderich; Schottenhammer, Angela (2009). Pferde in Asien : Geschichte, Handel und Kultur / Horses in Asia : History, trade and culture. Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. Fig. 3: Participants of the Summer School on Persian Codicology, (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 46). >|'))D 132

Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia

Head: Helmut Krasser

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The institute, founded in 1991, is dedicated to long- Because of the institute’s wide range of projects, only a term research on Asian cultures. The geo graphic and sample of the results will be presented here. cultural area under consideration includes East Asia, Research in Japanology continued to focus on the de- South-East Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, thus velopment, during the early modern period, of how life encompassing the fields of Indology, Tibetology, cycles were structured, examining especially the “dis- Sino logy, Japanol ogy, Buddhist Studies and Religious covery” of childhood and old age as periods in life for Studies. Research at the institute, using philologic- cultural activities. Here, a great deal of progress was histori cal methods and based on pri mary sources in made on a monograph about the development of il- the relevant languages, deals above all with intellec- lustrated board games (shusse sugoroku) of the late 18th tual and cultural history, and in cludes subject matter to the middle of the 20th century, which portrays links reaching from the history of philosophy and religion, between possible life cycles and upward social mobility. the history of mentalities, religious hermeneutics, Moreover, the related beginnings of an “information studies on concepts and ideas, to lexicography. society” were examined in the course of participating in the project “Ukiyoe caricatures 1842–1905” at the Projects involve research on broad cultural questions, University of Vienna. The research on the deity Hachi- the editing and publishing of important primary man was continued by examining primary sources as source materials, and the preparation of specialized found in early shrine chronicles of the so-called regional dictionaries. In order to ensure that the Institute is chronicles (fudoki), as well as other 8th century sources. well linked internationally, it convenes symposia on a Again it was seen that Korean immigrants played a regular basis, and its research fellows fre quently present role that had been underestimated. This has become a their research results at international institutions and much-discussed topic among specialists in the field. In conferences. Research sojourns abroad also enable addition to this, editorial work was done on the sympo- ties with international colleagues and institutions to sium volume Shinto Studies and Nationalism. be intensified, and have often resulted in long-term international collaborations. A number of projects are being done collaboratively with the University of Vienna, where the majority of the institute’s fellows also regu larly teach, allowing them to pass on their research results in their respective fields to students. The research at the institute aims not only at broadening our knowledge in these various specialized areas, but also at promoting our understanding of the multifaceted de vel op ments in the cultures of Asia, cultures that have become, as a result of globalization, ever more visible in the West.

For details about current projects, see: *+D/Z% http://ikga.oeaw.ac.at/ Z+V Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia 133

Fig. 1: Restored manuscript of 9 ;|"!=

The FWF-supported research on the systemat- The work based on9a; RP!;" ; W;Q ics of proof and refutation in the medical manual on the authority of the Pāñcarātra was also continued. X/010020δ456&Y was completed in 2008. A new In addition, two general articles on the tradition of the FWF project was then approved (2008-2011), involv- Pāñcarātra were written. 9a; S “Teaching of ing the creation of an internet database of the frag- God” was examined on the basis of his two theological- ments of early Nyāya epistemology and logic in the philosophical main works, the “Tattvāmuktākalāpa” period before Dharmakīrti, which is to be expanded and “Nyāyasiddhāñjana”, and presented in a study that, on by an international team. Following the needed in addition to explaining his terminology and polemics software being developed, the work has involved the against other teachings, examined above all the back- collection of fragments (currently 330 entries), fo- ground of his views on the phenomenon of the time cusing in particular on early commentators on the and temporality of God. Nyāya School and the materialistic Cārvāka School ; ; aa a. Also The agreement signed in January 2004 between the fragments of texts by other authors, some anony- Austrian Academy of Sciences and the China Tibe- mous, have been entered into the database. tology Research Center in Beijing (CTRC) regarding the editing of Sanskrit texts brought to Tibet in In the area of Religious Studies, work on the third vol- the 8th to 14th centuries could be extended to 2013. ume (t-ph) of the dictionary of Hindu Tantra terminolo- The series “Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Au- gy was continued with an international team of editors. tonomous Region”, which was established to pub- 134 Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia lish these texts, brought out three new volumes: a und 69.2) Vienna: ATBS 2008, 2 Vols. pp. xii, critical edition of Vasubandhu’s “Pañcaskandhaka”, 1–360 and viii, 361–854. of the “Adhyardaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā”, and of t Krasser, Helmut; Kellner, Birgit (eds.), Jour- Candrakīrti’s “Vajrasattvasādhana”. The papers pre- nal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies sented at the panel “Sanskrit manuscripts in China”, Vol. 29/1–2 2006 (2008) pp. 412; Vol. 30/1–2 2007 part of the “2008 Beijing Seminar on Tibetan Stud- (2009) pp. 348; Vol. 31/1–2 2008 (2009) pp. 480. ies” organized by the CTRC, were published in a t Li, Xuezhu; Steinkellner, Ernst, Vasubandhu’s proceedings anthology. In addition to a large number Pañcaskandhaka. Critical Edition with a contribu- of lectures and articles, a monograph on the Tibetan tion by Toru Tomabechi. (Sanskrit Texts from scholar Sa skya Paθ;ita was completed. The “Journal the Tibetan Autonomous Region). Bei jing/Vien- of the International Association for Buddhist Studies” na: China Tibetology Publishing House/VÖAW has been co-edited at the institute since 2006. 2008, pp. xxvii, 107. t Luo, Hong; Tomabechi, Toru, Candrakīrti’s The institute’s international standing was supported by Vajrasattvasādhana. Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts its research fellows participating in a number of confer- (Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Re- ences, as well as by the organization of a symposium gion 6). Beijing/Vienna: China Tibetology Publi- (hermeneutics of religion), a workshop (Forum for Asian shing House/VÖAW 2009, pp. xxxiv, 98. Philosophy), two panels at international conferences t Oberhammer, Gerhard; Schmücker, Marcus (“Beijing Seminar on Tibetan Studies”, “14th World (ed.) Glaubensgewissheit und Wahrheit in reli giöser Sanskrit Conference”), as well as the regular meetings Tradition. (BKGA 60) Vienna: VÖAW 2008, pp. 349. in the framework of Tantra dictionary project. t Steinkellner, Ernst; Duan Qing; Krasser, Helmut (eds.), Sanskrit manuscripts in China. Pro- Bibliography ceedings of a panel at the 2008 Beijing Seminar on Ti- t Hugon, Pascale, Trésors du raisonnement. Sa betan Studies, October 13–17. Beijing 2009, pp. 339. skya <0θ;560 et ses prédécesseurs tibétains sur les t Tomabechi, Toru, Adhyardhaśatikā modes de fonctionnement de la pensée et le fonde- Prajñāpāramitā. Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (Sanskrit ment de l’inférence. Edition et traduc tion anno tée Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region 5). du quatrième chapitre et d’une section du dixième Bei jing/Vienna: China Tibetology Publishing chapitre du Tshad ma rigs pa’i gter. (WSTB 69.1 House/VÖAW 2009, pp. lxviii, 100. 135

Institute for Social Anthropology

Head: Andre Gingrich

Aims and Functions ISA is one of continental Europe’s leading research The Social Anthropology Research Unit (SARU) was laboratories for anthropological studies in Asian transformed into the Institute for Social Anthropology societies and cultures. (ISA) as of 1 January 2010 and is part of the Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology Results for 2008–2009 (CSACSA). Events ISA specifies and further elaborates socio-cultural an- In the last two years ISA organized 40 events. In the year thropology’s core skills and competencies (in the local 2009 Aihwa Ong from the University of California, study of kinship, ritual, and customary law) within the Berkeley, was invited to speak about “What Marco Polo wider contexts of regional and global transformations. Forgot: Asian Projects Reconfigure the Global”, at the ISA subscribes to a pluralism of anthropological ap- international Eric Wolf Lecture, that is collaboratively proaches in theories that respect cultural diversity. In organized with the International Research Center of terms of methodological procedures, ISA fully commits Cultural Studies and the Department of Social and to a priority for ethnographic fieldwork that is based on Cultural Anthropology at the University of Vienna local language expertise, qualitative data analysis and every two years. gender-sensitive approaches. A wide range of topics was covered by researchers invited These priorities may be complemented by “ethnohis- to the ISA/SARU International Guest Lectures. Beyond torical” oral or archival investigations, by up-dated that ISA organized a large number of conferences and methods of anthropological comparison, and by inter- workshops on theoretical debates or different research disciplinary procedures. areas. At the “Long night of research” (“Lange Nacht der Forschung”) on November 7, 2009 ISA together ISA’s expertise is focusing on the three main sub-regions with the Institute for Iranian Studies presented four of Western Asia (Arab peninsula and Kurdish regions), Central Asia (from Mongolia to the Himalayas) and South-East Asia (mainland as well as insular and Indian Ocean island worlds).

How these local and regional cultural diversities interact among each other, how they cope with wider and global influences both past and present, and how research and the public in Austria have responded to that, will continue to inform ISA’s main and more general research questions.

For the period 2007 to 2012 the medium-term research program “Consensus and Conflict in Asia and in the eastern Mediterranean” was defined. *+8@V< 136 Institute for Social Anthropology

*+OP+;O; *"+V^< ( D! ^ Hahn in the Mongolian yurt |)(+Y% /ZY^D Christiane Papa-Kalantari, Julia Schastok.

projects of the Austrian Academy of Sciences dealing construction of boundaries and identity were also ex- with the transfer of knowledge, humans and/or goods amined. The first results of the project are presented on between Asia and Europe as well as the interdisciplinary an interactive website. project “Shifting Memories – Manifest Monuments. Memories of the‚ Turks and Other Enemies”. Based on long-term field research in Indonesia an ASF-project explored the relations of the Hadhrami, Publications a diaspora community in Indonesia originating from During the last two years ISA members published a total Hadhramaut, to the local population as well as their of 6 books, 20 journal articles, 20 book contributions/ transnational networks and the networks between chapters, 13 reviews, and 16 popular scientific texts. Hadhrami communities. While the previous project Furthermore several texts (books, book chapters, concentrated on Java, Sumatra and Bali, the focus of journal articles, reviews) were submitted to journals or the follow-up project was extended to rather peripheral publishing companies. regions of Indonesia and the Hadhramaut.

Empirical studies Another project tried to find out how the Tuareg, an A large number of field studies, publication projects, originally nomadic society living in the Central Sahara and library researches were done in Iran, China and and the Sahelian fringes, are dealing with challenges Tibet, Indonesia, Thailand, Italy, Germany, Jordan, from the outside in a creative way. Libya, India, Mongolia and Turkey. Some of these research projects were completed successfully. The wide range of ISA research topics also includes reproductive tourism in Europe, Tibetan medicine, and In another project Mongolian ethnographica collected the religiously motivated socio-cultural processes in the by the Austrian explorer Hans Leder and scattered to multi-ethnic province Papua in Western New Guinea many museums in Europe have been analysed and (Indonesia). classified; for the first time ever a general picture of this 100 year old collection was devised. Bibliography t Gingrich, Andre: Evidence in Sociocultural Anthro- Another project investigated the historical context of pology: Limits and options for epistemological orien- the creation of monuments and artifacts addressing the tations. In: João de Pina-Cabral and Christina Toren so called ‘Türkenzeit’ in Vienna; the interpretations or (eds.): What’s Happening to Epistemology? Special re-interpretations of these monuments as well as the Issue of Social Analysis, vol. 53/2 (2009), S. 177- 190. Institute for Social Anthropology 137 t Gollner, Marion: Morgenland in Monument t Kloos, Stephan: Rezension von Prost, Audrey: Pre- und Mythos. Eine empirische Untersuchung zur cious Pills. Medicine and Social Change among Neubewertung von Türkenbildern in Wien. Saar- Tibetan Refugees in India. Oxford and New York: brücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller 2009. Berghahn Books 2008, in: Asian Medicine 4(2), t Hazod, Guntram: Imperial Central Tibet: An 2008, S. 553-554. Annotated Cartographical Survey of its Territo- t Kohl, Ines: Beautiful Modern Nomads: Border- rial Divisions and Key Political Sites. In: Brandon crossing Tuareg between Niger, Algeria and Libya. Dotson, The Old Tibetan Annals. An Annotated Berlin: Reimer Verlag 2009. Translation of Tibet’s First History. Wien: Verlag t Munkh-Erdene Lkhamsuren: Selling of Good Fa- der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- ther’s Name: Legitimacy, Pride and Commodity. ten 2009, S. 161-231. (Commemoration of Chinggis Khan in Modern t Heiss, Johann/Feichtinger Johannes: Berichterstat- Mongolia), Bulletin 24, School of Human Cul- tung vom letzten österreichischen Türkenkrieg, in: tures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, (2008) Sommer, Monika (Ed.): Hieronymus Löschen- S. 35-46. kohl. Sensationen aus dem alten Wien, Vienna, S. t Six-Hohenbalken, Maria Anna / Tosic, Jelena 140-155. (Ed.): Anthropologie der Migration. Theoretische t Jahoda, Christian/Papa-Kalantari, Christiane: Grundlagen und interdisziplinäre Aspekte. Wien: Eine frühe buddhistische Steinstele (rdo ring) Facultas Verlag 2009. in sPu rang, Westtibet: eine Neuuntersuchung. t Slama, Martin (Ed.): Konflikte - Mächte - Bericht einer österreichisch-tibetischen Feldfor- Identitäten. Beiträge zur Sozialanthropologie schung. In: Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques Südostasiens. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen LXIII(2), 2009, S. 349–400. Akademie der Wissenschaften 2009. ">

Centre for Cultural Research (CCR)

AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus

Head: Wolfgang U. Dressler (until 31.12.2008: Evelyn Breiteneder)

Aims and Functions auto_ddc_prepare) were created to step up the proc- The basis of the AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus is esses of updating the text holdings and automatic a comprehensive and complex collection of integral wholesale XMLification of these large amounts of electronic German texts from 1848 until 1989, i.e. textual data. from the March Revolution until the fall of the Berlin b) Data managment: configuring the DDC indexer Wall, with special emphasis on Austrian texts. These and ingesting data requires a number of rather com- texts are systematically digitised and annotated in the plex steps. The software applicationddc_manager “Austrian Academy Corpus Container” (AACC). Thus serves the purpose of easing this process. Several the AAC combines principles of the Humanities (such functions were added to this program during the pe- as philological precision, text structuring, annotation, riod under report. editorial techniques, indexing, commenting, etc.) with c) Middleware: interfacing between data server and ICT technologies. After the initial phase of the AAC client applications (corpedUni, corpusBrowser) was (2001-2006), which was primarily meant to build up completely reconfigured. WhilecorpedUni still re- the core of the AAC text collection as well as to develop trieves data from the various data sources via the aac_ the theoretical and methodological foundations of the dataserver_ng_01 application, recent versions of corpus- corpus programme, a second phase (from 2007 onwards) Browser access the DDC indexer through PHP scripts. is dedicated to application oriented approaches in text d) Client development: the corpusBrowser tool was technological research, to the online edition of ample furnished with an interface that allows access to text corpora and to the preparation of projects in the all corpus texts through the corpedUni application three research poles of the “Institute for Computer which makes it possible to annotate texts directly Linguistics and Text Technology” into which the AAC from the browser interface. is to be transformed in 2010: t Corpus-linguistic research in lexicological and le- In 2008 cooperation with the three partner projects of xicographic topics and in translation theory Switzerland, Germany and South Tyrol was continued t Further development of corpus-linguistic and text- with the online publication of the C4-Corpus http:// technological research methods and tools www.korpus-c4.org/. This joint corpus consists of four t Corpus-linguistic research on topics of literary and different corpus resources with the server locations in cultural studies. Basel, Berlin, Bozen and Vienna.

Results for 2008–2009 In the beginning of 2008 a two-year cooperation con- In spite of the strong reduction of personnel during tract was signed with the department of German stud- these two years, it was possible to supplement the AAC ies of the Czech University of Olomouc/Olmütz for text container with regard to projected research, to build establishing an AAC-subcorpus with texts of German- subcorpora and to catalogue 6000 ample digitised text Moravian writers. For this purpose a joint three-day objects in view of the projected online representation of workshop was held in Olomouc university. the AAC source index. Results of the work on the AAC Container can be divided into four groups: In 2009 the AAC has cooperated actively in the a) Preparation and conversion of texts: s e v e r a l n e w t o o l s computational-linguistics and text-technological (auto_lemmatizer, auto_tokenizer, auto_stats and CLARIN project of the EU and on its Austrian sub- AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus "<

*+88//<'|6 project CLARIN-AT. AAC people have cooperated in chische Akademie der Wissenschaften, AAC- the planning and establishment of specifications for Austrian Academy Corpus. Hrsg. v. Dmitrij O. the CLARIN metadata infrastructure (CMDI) and Dobrovol‘skij. Wissenschaftliche Redaktion: D. were invited to lecture on the framework of D-SPIN O. Dobrovol‘skij, A. V. Šarandin, A. Baumgart- within CLARIN. Wendt. Moskau: AST-Astrel 2008-2010 (3.565 S.) t Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Piirainen, Elisabeth: Work on parallel corpora has continued, especially of Zur Theorie der Phraseologie: kognitive und Freud’s “Traumdeutung” and its Russian and English kulturelle Aspekte. Tübingen: Stauffenburg translations, financed by the City of Vienna. 2009 (211 S.) t Braunwarth, Peter Michael: Keine Gespräche pro- The long-time AAC guest researcher Dmitrij O. grammatischen Charakters. Ein ungedruckter Brief Dobrovol’skij is editor of the “New German-Russian Arthur Schnitzlers. In: Neumann, Gerhard et al. megalexicon” (3 volumes with 500,000 lemmas), with (Hrsg.), Hofmannsthal-Jahrbuch zur europäischen the cooperation of the AAC and the Russian Academy Moderne; Freiburg im Breisgau: Rombach Verlag of Sciences. One of the two other redactors is the AAC 2008, S. 217-222 guest researcher Artem Sharandin. t Biber, Hanno: Hundreds of Examples of Figura- tive Language from the AAC-Austrian Academy Bibliography Corpus. In: John Barnden et al. (Eds.): Corpus- t Das Neue Deutsch-Russische Großwörterbuch. Based Approaches to Figurative Language. A 3 Bände. Russische Akademie der Wissen-schaf- Corpus Linguistics 2009 Colloquium, Collo- ten, Institut für Russische Sprache / Österrei- quium Companion, School of Computer Science 140 AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus

University of Birmingham, CSRP-09-01 (Cogni- tive Science Research Papers), July 2009, S. 13-20 t Breiteneder, Evelyn, Biber, Hanno u. Mörth, Karl- heinz: „AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus - eine texttechnologische Unternehmung”, in: ÖGAI Journal, Jg. 2009 (Vol. 28 / Nr. 1), S. 14-20 t Dobrovol’skij, D. O. u. Levontina, I. B: Computa- tional Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies [in russischer Sprache]. Papers from the Annual Inter- national Conference “Dialogue 2009” Issue 8 (15), 2009, S. 97-101 t Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Paducheva, Elena: Deixis without speaker: towards the semantics of the German deictic elements ‘hin’ and ‘her’. Com- putational Linguistics and Intellectual Technolo- gies. Papers from the Annual International Con- ference “Dialogue”. Issue 7 (2008), S. 140-146 t Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Šarandin, Artem V.: Systemhaftigkeit in zweisprachiger Lexikographie: Zur Darstellung deutscher und russischer Posses- *+OQYP sivpronomen. In: Bernal, Elisende; DeCesaris, Janet (Hrsg.), Proceedings of the XIII Euralex In- ternational Congress (Barcelona 15-19 July 2008), Barcelona: IULA 2008, S. 837-842 t Dobrovol’skij, D. O. u. Šarandin, Artem V.: Pos- t Tumfart, Barbara: „.. aus fremden Gärten in unsern sessive pronouns in German and Russian: towards deutschen Boden von mir verpflanzt“. Ignaz Franz systematic lexicographic representation. In: AC- Castelli als Übersetzer französischer Theaterstücke. TAS. XI Simposio International de Comunicacion In: Kortländer, Bernd; Siepe, Hans T. (Hrsg.), Social. Santiago de Cuba: Centro de Linguistica Übersetzen im Vormärz; Bielefeld: Aisthesis-Verlag Applicada 2009. S. 73-75 2008, S. 85-116 141

Commission for the Edition of a Text Dictionary of “Die Fackel” (Fackellex)

Head: Werner Welzig

Aims and Functions and chronological (Chrono) order, commentated and The main task of the department has been the explained (Explica) through the example of the last publication of the “Wörterbuch der Fackel” which is article of the Fackel: Wichtiges von Wichten. being prepared on the basis of the 22,586 pages of the journal “Die Fackel” (1899-1936) whose 922 numbers Indexing and register production of the Alpha volume and 415 issues were published and – for the most part – was performed in cooperation with the AAC – Austrian edited by Karl Kraus in the period from April 1899 until Academy Corpus as a project within the Centre for February 1936. The complete text dictionary will Culture Studies. Typesetting of the three volumes consist of three dictionaries, each of which is to would not have been possible without the text-tech- represent a different lexicographic type: the first part, the nological methods of the AAC. The production of the “Wörterbuch der Redensarten” was published in 1999; “Schimpfwörterbuch” was accomplished during the the second part, the three volume “Schimpfwörterbuch” summer of 2008, which made it possible to present the followed in December 2008; the third part will be text dictionary as part of the autumn programme of concerned with Karl Kraus’ manifesto “Mir fällt the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. zu Hitler nichts ein”, a text written in 1933. This thematically arranged dictionary will conclude the text The dictionary’s Alpha part consists of 2,775 lexicographic programme of the department. representative examples of pejorative phrases, which were collected during the preparatory work out of The programme of the department has pursued literary, approximately 200,000 items excerpted from the linguistic as well as text technological objectives. At 22,586 pages of “Die Fackel”, and furnished with three the intersection of these disciplines, it has been doing indices. The Chrono pa r t presents 555 of t hese pejorative research in text lexicography, conducted research into phrases arranged in chronological order giving Karl Kraus and his work, and undertaken investigations examples with expanded contexts. The volume Explica into lexicological issues and issues of types of texts as contains the editor in chief’s explicatory texts as well well as corpus based methodology. Research interests as “Wichtiges von Wichten”, the final article of “Die have been directed towards all philological disciplines Fackel”, the “source text” of the dictionary. On its 19 working on comparable issues, all historico-cultural pages 555 pejorative phrases alone were marked up, and socio-scientific disciplines working on applied IT accompanied by exemplary commentaries and materials technologies to the ends of electronic text processing meant to uncover the scope of pejorative usage that and editing. reaches beyond the categories selected for the dictionary.

Results for 2008–2009 On November 23, 2008, the “Schimpfwörterbuch” In 2008, the „Schimpfwörterbuch zu der von Karl was presented to a wider public on the book fair “Buch Kraus 1899 bis 1936 herausgegebenen Zeitschrift ‘Die Wien 2008”. The official presentation was held at the Fackel’. Alphabetisches, Chronologisches, Explikatives“ former Gallery of Science. More than 400 interested was completed. Typesetting of the three volumes guests attended the meeting which was organized by could be finished by midyear. The three volumes were the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press in cooperation dedicated to one theme: the usage of invectives in the with the Verein zur Förderung der Ausarbeitung eines journal die Fackel, represented in alphabetical (Alpha) Wörterbuchs der Fackel (Fackellex). The dictionary was 142 /@0YOY*P*0 awarded the prize as one of the most beautiful books of 2008. The jury stated: This work in three volumes impresses with its compact and elaborate clarity as well as with the well-designed guidance system combining colours and typography. In its vast size, it is perfectly conceived, easy to use and rightly deserves the award as one of the most beautiful books.

Scientific post-processing of the “Schimpfwörterbuch” is not yet finished. The members of the editorial team und the editor in chief were asked and invited to report on Fackellex II and related methodological issues at congresses and conferences. *+*8/O@D('O9 Recently, the focus of the department’s research has shifted to Fackellex III. Before a serious move towards the compilation of the dictionary, a number of striking evidence was not furnished by book burnings systematic preparatory steps have to be taken which are or the abolition of the freedom of the press, but primarily aimed at the preparation of a reliable textual the depravation of a state originally founded on source. The textual base of this project is a text which the rule of law, consenting, promoting and ordering was written by Karl Kraus in the period from “early torture and murder. May 1933” and September 1933 initially intended for publication in his journal “Die Fackel”. The text which This text was handed down for posterity in the form of was written under the strong impact of the coming a bundle of typed pages and galley proofs. The lawyer, into power of the National Socialists in Germany was confidant and heir to Kraus, Oskar Samek, took the then first published by Heinrich Fischer in 1952 in document in 1938 to Switzerland, just before Hitler’s the Munich based publishing house Kösel and is an invasion of Austria. From there, Samek went to New unparalleled historico-cultural and literary document. York where he disposed by will that the text should be In this work, Karl Kraus took on the crimes supported rendered to the State of Israel. This is why this centerpiece and committed by the “Lower-rung gangsters of the of our philological endeavours here in Vienna is kept in occident”. The cataclysm to come had been predictable the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem. from the very beginning. The empire designed to last a thousand years “reduced the life of the state, the Bibliography economy, the culture to nothing but destruction”. Schimpfwörterbuch zu der von Karl Kraus 1899 bis 1936 herausgegebenen Zeitschrift Die Fackel. Alphabetisches, On roughly 300 pages, Karl Kraus commented on Chronologisches, Explikatives. Herausgeber: Werner newspaper articles, ideological statements of authors Welzig. Redaktion: Hanno Biber, Evelyn Breiteneder, and journalists, quotations of Goebbels and Hitler as Gerald Krieghofer, Karlheinz Mörth. Graphic Design: well as the unwarranted optimism of opponents that Anne Burdick. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen believed that satire or polemics could help against Akademie der Wissenschaften 2008, 3 Bände (ALPHA violent perpetrators. In Karl Kraus’ mind, the most 232 S. / CHRONO 560 S. / EXPLICA 200 S.) 143

Institute of Culture Studies and Theatre History

Head: Michael Rössner (until 28.2.2009: Moritz Csáky)

Aims and Functions of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Hun- The research activities of the Institute of Culture garian Academy of Sciences (one event annually). Studies and Theatre History (IKT) are conducted t Meetings and events organised in co-operation according to the theoretical guidelines of contemporary with other institutions (2 – 5 per annum). transdisciplinary dialogue, whereby the interaction of diverse fields of research – i.e. history, literature, Results for 2008–2009 translation and political science as well as the history of The former Commission was officially awarded the theatre – opens new perspectives. The purpose of this status of Institute on January 1, 2009, with Prof. research is the analysis of complex cultural systems, not Michael Rössner appointed as its director effective only those which define European cultural systems, e.g. from March 1, 2009. This change brought with it a Central Europe, but also those defining non-European shift of emphasis in the Institute’s research programme, cultures, such as those of Latin America. It is here, in which was also further expanded to include a major the varied aspects of the research it conducts, that the new research area: “Translation”. At the same time a IKT meets the social challenges of the modern era. new International Advisory Board with Prof. Michael Boehler (Zurich, Switzerland), chair, was appointed. Specific scientific activities, all of which are approved to international standards and subsequently reviewed “Translation”, the Institute’s new major research area, and evaluated by an International Advisory Board, places the concept of translation within a transdisciplinary comprise: context, i.e. not simply translation from one language t Basic research projects: tThese twenty-nine research to another, but a process which by means of de- and projects – supported in part by external funding – recontextualisation makes communication within the focus on four main areas: framework of cultural interaction possible. Transmedial a) History of theatre of the Habsburg monarchy and transdisciplinary translations are studied within (seven research projects) their given contexts, as are cultural translations between b)Sites of memory – spaces of memory (eight various historical epochs and social subsystems. Here, research projects) the primary focus is on the role of narratives, cultural c) Cultures of knowledge (five research projects) representations, and staging in those negotiations which d) Translation (six research projects) aim at defining identity and create collective memory. t An international annual conference The increase in the number of current staff members t International interdisciplinary workshops (bet- and the further recognition of the Institute’s work in ween two and five per annum) the form of external funding have made it possible to t Monthly Jours fixes on topical fields of contem- establish new research projects: Spaces of Translation: porary discourse of culture studies offer a forum On Translation as (Performative) Negotiation of where young researchers can present their work Differences amongst Identity Constructions in Cultural t Ernst Mach forum. Dialogue of science and scho- Epochs (Michael Rössner, Federico Italiano; ÖAW) – larship: biannual panel discussions which bring Translating Geographies (Federico Italiano) – Eurosphere. together representatives of culture science, the na- Towards a Citizens’ Europe (Monika Mokre; ÖAW and tural sciences, medicine, and technology. BMWF) – Programs and Methods of Production for t The Committee on Literature and Cultural Studies Historical Research at the Imperial Academy of Sciences 144 Institute of Culture Studies and Theatre History in Vienna from 1847 to 1914 (Christine Ottner- thanks to two interviews (Prof. Csáky, Prof. Rössn- Diesenberger; APART) – Mauthausen Seminar. er) published in the Austrian daily newspaper “Der Presentation and Exhibition of History in the ‘Places of Standard”, several dedicated broadcasts on Austrian Memory’ at Nazi Concentration Camps (Heidemarie national radio, and reviews and reports on projects in Uhl, Dietbert Apfelknab, Ralph Gabriel, Matthias various printed media. Kopp, Magdalena Rest; BM:BWK, forMuse) – Agricultural Memory in the European Union (Jenifer Bibliography Jordan; holder of the Lise Meitner Postdoctoral t Christoph Leitgeb: Barthes’ Mythos im Rahmen Program Grant of the Austrian Science Fund). konkreter Ironie. Literarische Konstruktionen des Eigenen und des Fremden. München: Fink 2008. A number of events on topics extending from t Heidemarie Uhl, Monika Sommer (Ed.): Mythos project planning to the presentation of research Alt-Wien. Spannungsfelder urbaner Identitäten. results were held in the period under review: two StudienVerlag 2009 (Gedächtnis – Erinnerung – international conferences (2008: Authenticity: Identität 9). Discovery, Reenactment, Invention, 2009: “Spaces of in- t Peter Stachel, Philipp Ther (Ed.): Wie europäisch between”: Migration and the Delimitation of Cultures ist die Oper? Die Geschichte des Musiktheaters als and Identities) and five workshops with international Zugang zu einer kulturellen Topographie Europas, participation (2008: Biographical Research and Oral Wien 2009. History – Bosnia and Herzegovina: Austria´s Forgotten t Nicole L. Immler (Ed.): ‚The making of…‘ Ge-Ge- Colony and its Relationship to the Habsburg Monarchy´, nie: Wittgenstein & Mozart. Biographien, ihre 2009: The Material of Memory:. Materiality and Mythen und wem sie nützen, StudienVerlag 2009 the Mind – Viennese Avantgardes after 1945 – New (Gedächtnis – Erinnerung – Identität, Bd. 11). Perspectives in Memory Studies: Rethinking Movement, t Adelheid Pichler, Gertraud Marinelli–König Representation and Materiality.) (Ed.), Kultur – Erbe – Stadt. Stadtentwicklung und UNESCO-Mandat in post- und spätsozialis- Its new official status, as well as increased co-operation tischen Städten, Wien 2008 (Gedächtnis – Erinne- with partner institutions, enabled the Institute to offer rung – Identität 8). a greater number of organised events than had been t Moritz Csáky, Christoph Leitgeb (Ed.): Kom- possible the year before: 2009: Between Ivory Tower and munikation – Gedächtnis – Raum. Kulturwis- Empowerment. Culture Sciences and the Challenges of the senschaften nach dem „Spatial Turn“, Bielefeld Present. – Culture and Agriculture. Organised jointly 2009. with the Verein Arche Noah (Noah’s Ark Association). t Dieter J. Hecht, Eleonore Lappin, Michaela Rag- – Positivismus.Macht.Aufklärung. Politicization of gam-Blesch, Lisa Rettl, Heidemarie Uhl (Ed.): the Scientific World View. Organised jointly with the 1938. The Beginnings of the Shoah in Austria. Initiativkolleg of the University of Vienna ‘The Sciences Places – Pictures – Memories, Vienna 2008. in Historical Context’. – Disturbing Remains. Dealing t Helga Mitterbauer, Katharina Scherke, Alexandra with the Material Remains of National Socialism. Millner (Ed.): Moderne. Kulturwissenschaftliches Organised as part of the program ‚Linz09’ – Testcourse Jahrbuch. Migration. Innsbruck – Wien – Bozen: Art. Viennese Avantgarde after 1945. Organised jointly Studien Verlag 2008. with the Association Viennavant. – Vienna Porta t Die Zeitschrift „Sprachkunst“ erscheint seit 1971 Orientis. A meeting organised within the framework halbjährlich, zuletzt erschienen: Sprachkunst. of the EU program “Translation in the Mediterranean Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft. Wien: Verlag der Area. Construction and Deconstruction of ‘Occident’ Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. and ‘Orient’”. 39/2. Halbband (2008), Jg. 40/1. Halbband (2009) The Institute’s media presence increased significantly 145

Commission for the History of Art

Head: Artur Rosenauer

Aims and Functions With its research into the history of the construction Since its founding in 1979, the Commission for the and function of the Vienna Hofburg, the Commission History of Art has been able to establish itself as Austria’s for the History of Art chose a new focal area for its most important non-university research institution in studies in 2004, which provides a perfect opportunity to this subject. The projects undertaken here cover a broad study Austrian and European identity. For centuries the thematic spectrum of basic research in the history of Vienna Hofburg stood as an architectural monument of art. The relevant objects of study are researched using the highest artistic and political relevance at the centre a detailed analysis of works and sources as well as a of European policy and culture. This central position is flexible use of methodology. Central to our interest is the mirrored in the construction history of the Hofburg, academic publication of Austrian visual arts, taking into as it grew from the medieval castellated Swiss Wing account their European context. The publication by the to the never completed “Imperial forum”. The results Commission for the History of Art of the six volume of the interdisciplinary research project will result in a “Geschichte der bildenden Kunst in Österreich” (Prestel publication in several volumes. Verlag, 1998–2003) created a completely new basis for research into artistic creativity in Austria. Having joined the “Research Group – Baroque Ceiling Painting in Central Europe”, we will be working in close co-operation with important research institutions of Central Europe on the study of Baroque ceiling frescoes.

Results for 2008–2009 In order to consolidate its focus of research, the Commission for the History of Art has, since 2004, set itself the task of carrying out interdisciplinary research into the history of the construction, furnishing and function of the Vienna Hofburg. The complex planning and construction history of the Viennese Residence, spanning seven centuries, necessitated the dividing up of the main project between five research teams, with funding made possible by the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Science Fund. Four project groups began work in 2005/2006, and in 2007 the sub-project on the history of the Vienna Hofburg until 1918 was added.

In keeping with the research guidelines of the Austrian Science Fund, all sub-projects were originally limited to three years. However, the thorough indexing of all *+^(/(M'8V/'8V/- written and pictorial sources made clear the extent and sion for the History of Art range of the materials. In addition to the rich store of 146 Commission for the History of Art

In October 2009 members of the Commission gave lectures at a conference organised by the research group in Prague, entitled “Baroque ceiling painting within monastic culture”. A conference was organised on the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque painter, architect and expert in trompe l’oeuil painting, Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709), member of the Society of Jesus. The conference centred on Pozzo’s ceiling frescoes, casting new light on their dimensions and contexts.

As well as carrying out research in the aforementioned specialisations, the Commission for the History of Art also co-operates in other projects: the “Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi” (CVMA) is a scientific project which aims to research and publish the largely unknown painted and stained glass of the Middle Ages. Our task is to create a comprehensive record of all surviving stained glass in Austria. Funding from the federal state of Lower Austria has enabled the Austrian Academy of Sciences to employ two colleagues to research the stained glass found in Lower Austria.

The project, “The Epitaphs of St. Stephen’s, Vienna” has *+^(DQ as its aim the production of the first complete record of WWMW"'9Y8Q the remaining epitaphs, as well as all those lost works that have survived in drawings. pictorial sources (ca. 10,000 plans, architects’ sketches The “Albrechtscodex” project is dealing with the and veduta), these include tens of thousands of written annotated edition of an outstanding document on sources, which must be systematically worked through. Baroque art from Vienna. The codex contains 14 The number of archival finds made it clear that an schemes by concettist Conrad Adolph von Albrecht for extension of the project was necessary, working with prestigious buildings, frescoes and sculptural ensembles, new perspectives and questions. eleven of which were commissioned by Emperor Charles VI. The text for the catalogue numbers and the In addition to the high level of (art-) historical importance introduction will be completed in 2010. of the subject under consideration, the successful basic research and its results in the first year meant that we The aim of the “German and Dutch drawings 1350- were able to gain Austrian Science Fund approval for the 1500” project is to record all German, Dutch, French continuation of the project in 2008/2009. International and Bohemian drawings from approximately 1350 to co-operation guarantees regular exchanges with expert 1500 worldwide. Central to this research is the systematic colleagues, such as through the 11th Symposium of the recording and scientific evaluation of the drawings. Residencies Commission of the Academy for Sciences and Humanities in Göttingen in September 2008, which Bibliography was organised by our Commission and the Historical t Friedrich DAHM (Ed.), Das Riesentor. Archäo- Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. We logie – Bau- und Kunstgeschichte - Naturwissen- were once again able to invite international experts on schaften – Restaurierung, Vienna 2008. fortifications to a conference on the Fortification of the t Werner TELESKO / Richard KURDIOVSKY / Vienna Burg in December 2009. The proceedings of the Andreas NIERHAUS (Eds.), Die Wiener Hofburg Vienna Conference on the History of the Residences und der Residenzbau in Mitteleuropa im 19. Jahr- in the 19th Century held in September 2007 will be hundert. Monarchische Repräsentation zwischen published at the end of 2009. Ideal und Wirklichkeit, Vienna 2009. Commission for the History of Art 147

Programmatik im Lichte der neuen Erkenntnisse durch die Bauforschung, in: Österreichische Zeit- schrift für Kunst und Denkmalforschung 62, Heft 4 (2008), 643–660. t Bernadette REINHOLD, „… meinem Herz so heilig …“. Carolina Augustas neuer Salin in der Wiener Hofburg und der Memorialkult „des guten Kaiser Franz“, in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalforschung 62, Heft 4 (2008), 676–691. t Markus JEITLER, Zum Forschungsstand der Wie- ner Hofburg, in: Château Gaillard XXIII. Études de castellologie médiévale. Bilan des recherches en castellologie. Actes du colloque international de Houffalize (Belgique) 4–10 Septembre 2006 (An- ne-Marie FLAMBARD HÉRICHER, Ed.), Caen 2008, 253–261. t Anna MADER, Beiträge zu Österreichischer Landschaftsmalerei (Chr. H. Brand, J. Chr. Brand, Franz de Paula Ferg, Martin von Molitor, Joseph Orient, Joseph Roos d. Ä., Maximilian Jo- seph Schinnagl, Franz Edmund Weirotter), in: Mi- chael KRAPF / Agnes HUSSLEIN-ARCO (Ed.), Barock. Meisterwerke im Belvedere, Vienna 2008, Kat.-Nr. 11–26, 48, 115–116, 124, t 139–140, 145–146, 176. t Herbert KARNER, Die „ideale Ebene“ – ein My- *"+/V@ thos der Wiener Deckenmalerei des Barock, in: Jiří 16th/'9Y8 KROUPA / Michaela ŠEFERISSOVÁ / Lubomír KONEČNÝ (Hg.), Orbis Artium. K jubileu Lu- t Richard KURDIOVSKY (Ed.), Die Österreichi- bomíra Slavička, Brno 2009, 429–444. sche Präsidentschaftskanzlei in der Wiener Hof- t Werner TELESKO, Bartolomeo Altomontes burg, Vienna 2008. Ausmalung des Sommerrefektoriums im Stift t Werner TELESKO, Kulturraum Österreich. Die St. Florian (OÖ.) 1731 und die Wiederbelebung der Identität der Regionen in der bildenden Kunst des „vita apostolica“ durch die Augustiner Chorherren, 19. Jahrhunderts, Vienna 2008. in: Jiří KROUPA / Michaela ŠEFERISSOVÁ / t Renate HOLZSCHUH-HOFER, Die renaissance- Lubomír KONEČNÝ (Eds.), Orbis Artium. K zeitliche Hofburg und das Schweizertor mit seiner jubileu Lubomíra Slavička, Brno 2009, 487–506. =>

Commission for Music Research

Head: Gernot Gruber

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Commission for Music Research (KMf), founded Within the framework of Music – Identity – Space (to be in 1944, is considered to be Austria’s most important completed in 2012) four temporal interfaces of music non-university research institution on musicology, history (c.1440, 1740, 1848, and 1945–1955/56) are coordinating scholarly research projects on Austrian explored in order to provide new historiographical music history. This is supported by, among others, models, primarily based on comparison instead of a the successful affiliation of externally funded research linear perspective. Within the period under report, grants (FWF – Austrian Science Fund; Lise-Meitner- position papers have been presented in workshops Program; Upper Austrian Provincial Government) – and symposia organized by the KMf (“Music Serving even more evident in 2008/09 than in previous years. the Idea of State, 1735/40”, “The 1848/49 Revolution TheKMf concentrates its research efforts on the musical and Music”, “1945–1960: Between Change and heritage of Austria with an increasing perspectivization Normality”, “1951: Cross-Section of Austrian Art”), on Central Europe, including the former territories and even exposed to public discussion during the 14th of the Habsburg Monarchy as well as Germany and International Congress of the German Musicological Italy. Recently, interdisciplinary endeavours within the Society (Leipzig 2008). In order to publish these Centre for Cultural Research of the Austrian Academy research results, the KMf and the publishing house of Sciences, to which the KMf adheres, have gained of the Austrian Academy of Sciences have agreed on a increased importance. sub-series within the Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Musikforschung. Separate articles on important TheKMf main activities can be summarized as follows: topics have already been published in international the medium-term research project Music – Identity – scholarly journals. Space; the online version of Oesterreichisches Musik- lexikon (oeml); long-term research projects devoted The five-volume print version ofoeml , finally completed to documentation and edition: Arbeitsstelle Anton in 2008, was supplemented by a comprehensive index Bruckner; Arbeitsstelle Johann-Joseph-Fux-Gesamtaus- on CD-ROM, submitted by Rudolf Flotzinger in gabe; Neue Schubert-Ausgabe; Anton Webern-Gesam- 2008. The online edition (www.musiklexikon.ac.at), tausgabe (the two last-mentioned projects in interna- established as a self-contained medium in addition to the tional co-operation). print version, is continually upgraded and expanded, both technically and with regard to its content. Thus, many Furthermore, the scholarly staff ofKMf is envolved in new articles have been written (114 items in 2009), smaller research projects according to their particular existing entries have been revised, supplemented as scientific interest and qualification, particularly on well by illustrations and audio examples. Furthermore Austrian and Central European music history (docu- co-operation with the Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon mentary research on music in Vienna and Lower Aus- Online has been agreed. tria; the place of music within the Habsburg courts; music and media in the 20th century, among others). Two international symposia organized by the Arbeitsstelle Research networks such as Study Group on Musical Ico- Anton Bruckner dealt with the manifold philological nography, Cantus Planus, or Musik, bildende Kunst und problems around the “Fassungen” of Bruckner’s works Literatur in Österreich nach 1945 are also coordinated. on the one hand, and Hans Rott and new trends Commission for Music Research =< of symphonic writing on the occasion of the latter At the beginning of the period under report, composer’s 150th birthday on the other. Besides ongoing employment of an additional scientist was authorised preparations for the new edition of the Bruckner-Lexikon for Neue Schubert-Ausgabe. Philological research and in 2008/09, the recently established series of Wiener source studies on Schubert’s compositions were carried Bruckner Studien was inaugurated with the publication out at Yale University (New Haven) and Sotheby’s of its first volume (see bibliography). Due to financial (London), among others. Edition and critical reports to restrictions, the revisions to the Bruckner-Werkverzeichnis the volumes Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen I and III had to be postponed by one year. (VII/1,1 and 3) and Adrast (II/12) have been provided as well as the critical reports to Tänze I (VII/2,6) and In April 2008, the continuation of the complete edition of Sinfonien II (V/2). The volume Werke für Klavier zu vier Johann Joseph Fux (Johann-Joseph-Fux-Gesamtausgabe, Händen I was published. ongoing since 1959) within the framework of KMf was begun by assigning a new post. In 2008/09, source In co-operation with the University of Basel, which materials were archived, a preliminary schedule was also provides supportive funding, it was possible in established as well as the editorial guidelines modified. October 2008 to establish a Viennese center of the The below-mentioned volumes are in preparation: Anton Webern-Gesamtausgabe at KMf with a newly Sonaten in größeren Besetzungen (VI/6), Concentus employed scientist. To date, scholarly research and Musico-Instrumentalis (VI/9), and Te Deum (II/5). In investigation for the documentary volumes as part of 2009, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the the complete edition have been undertaken alongside founding of the Fux complete edition, a prestigious lectures and radio interviews devoted to the life and ceremony was organized. environment of young Webern.

The commission’s publication series Tabulae Musicae Austriacae (TMA) has been re-established in 2009 (see bibliography). In addition to its participation in the “Long Night of Research”, the KMf has striven for further dialogue between scholars and the general public. Thus, it was possible to organize an international conference on “Haydn in the XXI Century” (funded by the Esterházy Private Foundation) as well as public lectures and concerts on the occasion of the Haydn Memorial Year 2009, in co-operation with Wiener Vor- lesungen and Wiener Akademie Orchestra, all of which were exceptionally well attended.

Bibliography

t 2008 t Rudolf Flotzinger (Ed.): Register zum Oesterreichi- schen Musiklexikon, Wien 2008 (ÖAW, CD-Rom) t Alexander Rausch: Der spätmittelalterliche Choral- traktat aus der Kartause Gaming (Niederöster- reich). Einführung und Edition, Tutzing 2008 (= Musica Mediaevalis Europae Occidentalis 9). t Björn R. Tammen: Musique et danse pour un jeu- ne prince: la joyeuse entrée de l’archiduc Charles à Bruges en 1515, in: Iconographie musicale. En- jeux, méthodes et résultats, Paris 2008 (= Musique *+W#(ZZ*0/- – Images – Instruments 10), S. 18-49. @#(<((- signed by KMf *0(9 courtesy of the collections Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde t 2009 t Barbara Boisits, Cornelia Szabó-Knotik (Ed.): Mu- 150 Commission for Music Research

*+)DOZ^st/PD@@(<@ 9(z|+|^

sicologica Austriaca 27 (2008). Freie Beiträge, Wien t Theophil Antonicek: Bruckner im Belvedere. 2009 (= Jahresschrift der Österreichischen Gesells- Akten des Obersthofmeisteramtes, S. 19-30. chaft für Musikwissenschaft). Mit Beiträgen u. a. von: t Moritz Csáky: Bruckner und Wien: Der sozio- t Robert Klugseder: Studien zur mittelalterli- kulturelle Kontext einer Stadt, S. 65-86. chen liturgischen Tradition der Klosterneubur- t Elisabeth Maier: Bruckner und die „Affaire St. ger Augustinerklöster St. Maria und St. Mag- Anna“, S. 219-258. dalena, S. 11-43. t Erich Wolfgang Partsch: Viktor Christ – Anton t Rudolf Flotzinger: Zu den Instrumentalfor- Bruckners Schüler und Kopist, S. 259-272. men im Barock – mit besonderem Blick auf t Claudia Maria Knispel, Gernot Gruber (Ed.): Mo- Wurzeln der sog. Sonatenform, S. 45-60. zarts Welt und Nachwelt, Laaber 2009 (= Das Mozart t Christian Fastl: „August Swoboda, ein win- Handbuch 5, hg.. von Gernot Gruber in Verbindung ziges, buckeliges Männlein mit grauen, ste- mit Dieter Borchmeyer). Mit Beiträgen u.a. von: chenden Augen und höchst energischem t Gernot Gruber: Mozarts Nachwelt, S. 249-512 Gesichtsausdruck…“. Wer war August Swo- (aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage). boda? – oder: Zur Biographie eines nahezu t Oswald Panagl: Dialektik auf den Spuren Edu- Unbekannten der Musikgeschichte und Ne- ard Mörikes. Zur Mozartnovelle von Louis Fürn- bendarstellers der Wiener 1848er Revolution, berg, S. 568-577. S. 101-136. t Elisabeth Maier: Anton Bruckner als Linzer Dom- t Renate Grasberger, Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolf- und Stadtpfarrorganist. Aspekte einer Berufung, gang Partsch (Ed.): Anton Bruckners Wiener Jah- Wien 2009 (= Anton Bruckner. Dokumente und re. Fakten – Analysen – Perspektiven, Wien 2009 Studien 15, hg. von Theophil Antonicek). (= Wiener Bruckner Studien 1, ed. von Renate t Alexander Opatrny: Thematischer Katalog Karlmann Grasberger, Gernot Gruber, Uwe Harten, Paul Pachschmidt, Wien 2009 (= Tabulae Musicae Hawkshaw, Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolfgang Austriacae 17, ed. von der Kommission für Partsch). Mit Beiträgen u.a. von: Musikforschung unter Leitung von Gernot Gruber). 151

Centre for Medieval Studies (CMS)

Institute for Byzantine Studies

Head: Peter Soustal

Aims and Functions (1:800.000) dedicated to particular regions. The The Institute for Byzantine Studies (IBF), an information contained herein is based on the internationally unique institution in the field of evaluation of sources, secondary literature and Byzantine Studies, carries out basic research in this visits, making use of new methods and techno- area as well as related research arising from its initial logies. The historical-geographical study of the studies. This comprises the evaluation of manuscripts eastern Mediterranean region, partly in areas of and small objects (lead seals etc.), as well as the considerable political interest today (Macedonia, historical-geographical study of Byzantium as a region Syria, Turkey), increases our understanding of the and of its monuments. Numerous international current situation. collaborations have enabled the Institute to develop very strong network links. Results for 2008–2009 t Edition des Patriarchatsregisters von Konstantino- Current fields of study embrace the following themes: pel: Vol. 5 (1379–1390) is almost complete (FWF t Kritische Edition des Patriarchatsregisters von Kon- Project). Organisation of an international sympo- stantinopel (A critical edition of the Patriarchy re- sium on the register of the patriarchy (5th to 7th gister of Constantinople), an eight volume study May 2009) (E. Mitsiou, J. Preiser-Kapeller) based on the original manuscripts of the Cod. Vind. t Kirchengeschichte des Nikephoros Kallistos Xan- Hist. gr. 47 and 48 (for the period 1315–1402) thopoulos: Editions of books 7–12 (FWF Project) t Diplomacy: A critical edition with commentary (S. Panteghini) on Byzantine documents (Imperial and Patriarchal t Demosthenes: A review of the works of Demos- chancellery, charters und private documents) thenes from Antiquity to the 11th century (FWF t A register of the authors of Greek manuscripts (co- Project) (J. Grusková) dices organised by subscription, date, localisation t Greek Palimpsests: A monograph on the results and house of origin or stylistic characteristics) proof the work on the manuscripts in the Austrian duced by the Austrian National Library National Library was produced. (J. Grusková) t Eight Volume Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzi- t Zeugenunterschriften in byzantinischen tät (since 1994): a complete summary of the voca- Privaturkunden (Witness signatures in private bulary of Byzantine literature, drawn together to documents from Byzantium): Creation of a database produce the dictionary of Byzantine Greek, which (FWF Project) (M. Schaller) has been missing until now. t Textedition allgemein (Text editions in genera)l: t Four volumes of Byzantinische Epigramme in in- Organisation of an international workshop “Vom schriftlicher Überlieferung, a corpus of epigram- Codex zur Edition. Zu Fragen der Textkritik, matic verse from frescoes, mosaics and other small Editionspraxis, Akzentuierung und Interpunktion” objects, in manuscripts and on stone. by E. Schiffer (IBF) and A. Giannouli (University t Three volumes of Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Ös- of Cyprus) (10th to 11th December 2009) terreich, a detailed description of lead seals with t Der literarische Nachlass des Patriarchen Germanos historical and cultural-historical commentaries. II (The literary heritage of the patriarch Germanos t The series Tabula Imperii Byzantini (TIB) com- II.): Study of his works (E. Schiffer) prises volumes of text accompanied by maps t Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität: Fascicle 7 152 Institute for Byzantine Studies

2008. – Editing of the Byzantine regions of Lydia and Asia was begun (TIB 17 and 18) (A. Külzer). – Bithynien und Hellespont (TIB 13): the investigation of unpublished Roman Byzantine settlements by K. Belke (Survey Oct. 2009). – Karien (TIB 14): a study of the milestones and streets of Caria (F. Hild). – Makedonien, nördlicher Teil (TIB 16): Completion of the FWF Project “Macedonia, northern part” (Leader: J. Koder) and start of the FWF Project “Economy and regional trade routes in Northern Macedonia (12th–16th C)”; Testing on the application of Central Place Theory, Historic Landscape Characterisation and GIS for TIB (M. Popović). – The comprehensive manuscript for TIB 15 “Syria. Syria prōtē, Syria deutera und Syria Euphratēsia” is almost complete (K.-P. Todt and B.- A. Vest, both Mainz).

Fig. 1: D ; D D( (# O #P @ / ) ; =M=W*(^Z/zZ (M8O VD(MV D( ^ ( ^Z/9D<W

(Lemmata von RRĚ bis Ĥ!) is almost complete (C. Cupane, E. Schiffer, V. Zervan, E. Serafinova, S. Schönauer; Leader: k. M. E. Trapp) t Byzantine epigrams from inscriptions (Leader: W. Hörandner): Vol. 1 “Epigramme auf Fresken und Mosaiken” (FWF Project) by A. Rhoby was published in 2009. Vol. 2 “Epigramme auf Ikonen und Objekten der Kleinkunst” will be published in 2010 (A. Rhoby). Vols. 3 „Epigramme auf Stein“ (A. Rhoby) and 4 „Inschriftliche Epigramme in Handschriften“ (R. Stefec, FWF Project) are in progress. The articles from the workshop on Byzantine epigrams was published in 2008 (A. Rhoby and W. Hörandner) t Sigillographie: Corpus der byzantinischen metrischen Siegellegenden: Vol. 1 (A–Omikron) will shortly be completed(A. Wassiliou-Seibt) t The cult of Mary in Byzantine society: “The Intercessory Function of Mary as the Original Catalyst for the Cult of Mary in Byzantine Society” (FWF Project) (L. M. Peltomaa) t In the series Tabula Imperii Byzantini work was carried out on the following regions: Makedonien, Fig. 2: Icons of the Theotokos + südlicher Teil (TIB 11) (P. Soustal). – Ostthrakien 11th!th C., painted over at the end of the 14th/z!# (Eurōpē) (TIB 12) by A. Külzer was published in 13th C., silver plate 14th/*Y;)#* Institute for Byzantine Studies 153

*"+^;=th/#*;TIB X

Bibliography t J. Nesbitt, A.-K. Wassiliou-Seibt and W. Seibt, t Byzantinische Epigramme in inschriftlicher Über- Highlights from the Robert Hecht, Jr., Collection lieferung: 1. Byzantinische Epigramme auf Fresken of Byzantine Seals. Thessaloniki 2009. und Mosaiken. Erstellt von A. Rhoby (Veröffentli- t J. Preiser-Kapeller, Der Episkopat im späten chungen zur Byzanzforschung = VBF 15). Vienna Byzanz. Ein Verzeichnis der Metropoliten und 2009. 436 pages. 115 illustrations in tables. Bischöfe des Patriarchats von Konstantinopel in t Die kulturhistorische Bedeutung byzantinischer der Zeit von 1204 bis 1453. Saarbrücken 2008. Epigramme. Akten des internat. Workshop Wien, XXXV, XC, 552 pages. 1.-2. Dezember 2006. Ed. by W. Hörandner and t F. Dölger, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des A. Rhoby (VBF 14). Vienna 2008. 124 pages, 22 oströmischen Reiches I, 1. Halbband: Regesten illustrations. 565–867, 2. Ed. with cooperation from J. Preis- t Ch. Gastgeber (Ed.), Miscellanea Codicum Grae- er-Kapeller and A. Riehle managed by A. E. corum Vindobonensium. Studien zu griechischen Müller. Munich 2009. XLIV, 262 pages. Handschriften in der Österreichischen Nationalbi- t P. Soustal (Ed.), Heilige Berge und Wüsten. Byzanz bliothek 1 (VBF 17). Vienna 2009. 136 pages. und sein Umfeld. Referate auf dem 21. Internat. t A. Külzer, Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (TIB 12). Vienna Kongress für Byzantinistik, London, 21st–26th Aug. 2008. 782 pages, 144 illustrations in tables, 2 maps. 2006 (VBF 16). Vienna 2009. 87 pages, 21 tables. 154

Institute for Medieval Research

Head: Walter Pohl

Aims and Functions Byzantium and in the Islamic region. What effects The institute is an internationally unique combination did Christianity and Islam have upon the concepts of of two important fields of research in medieval history. community, identity and foreignness? This question was discussed at the “Visions of Community” conference in The first central area of research is the Early Middle 2009, and has opened up a new and promising field of Ages, for which the institute represents one of the most research. Interdisciplinary research was also conducted important focal points for the scientific community into the connection between language and identity in world-wide. Research focuses in particular on the the Early Middle Ages: is language always the means by development of ethnic and religious identities, the which peoples differentiate between one another? New importance of nations in the political landscape of conclusions about the biblical model of ethnically- the Early Middle Ages, how texts came to be passed based sovereignty were reached. Two fundamental on and the semantic changes they underwent, as well volumes were published, one on the modern day as the development of new approaches to enable us to application of medieval history (“Vergangenheit und understand fundamental aspects of mediaeval Europe.

The other central area of research is the documentation, indexing, publication and editing of sources on the history of the Middle Ages, above all in collaboration with German academies and other institutions with a rich tradition of work in this field. This task is part of the work on research infrastructures for the field of history (editions, corpus works, dictionaries, handbooks), an area in which the Austrian Academy of Sciences has traditionally been very strong. Sustainable and long-term work with documentary material is the basis of research into both the historical context and the modern reception of the medieval past; it is linked to current discussions on research and is inspired by theoretical models from the social and cultural sciences. The linking of the two approaches at the institute creates important synergies and interesting stimuli, determining its position in the international world of research.

Results for 2008–2009 The award of the Wittgenstein Prize to the Institute’s director, Walter Pohl, enabled an international team to conduct research into “Ethnic identities in early medieval Europe”, a particular point of interest being the comparison of ethnic processes in the West, in Fig. 1: The royal seal of King Sigismund dating from 1430. Institute for Medieval Research 155

*+DD@Q^Q^( Fig. 3: Statue of King Philipp of Swabia on the Bridge Tower of the (W#< D9(|+D

Vergegenwärtigung”), and the other on the question 1520), including comprehensive material on long-lost of state identity in the kingdoms of the 5th to the 11th inscriptions, as well as those covering the regions of centuries, “Der frühmittelalterliche Staat – Europäische Eferding (Upper Austria), Imst-Landeck-Reutte (Tyrol) Perspektiven”, which is the result of a dialogue on und Hartberg-Weiz (Styria). These are being followed differences in national research traditions. up with art historical analyses. The many possible kinds of environmental damage make filming as evidence With the publication of the two volumes of inscriptions increasingly important as an accurate documention of the from Krems-Land (Lower Austria) and St. Veit an der appearance of as many Austrian inscriptions as possible. Glan (Carinthia) in 2008, the Inscriptions working In addition to this, retro-digitisation was begun in 2008, group was able to bring to an end two large-scale projects. the aim of which is to make the archive, which currently These volumes contain a comprehensive documentation contains approximately 14,500 analogue photographs of and commentary of all known inscriptions from the inscriptions, available in digital form. relevant area. Many more volumes are in progress, especially that relating to the rich stock of inscriptions With regard to the Regesta Imperii, work on the regesta in the area of Vienna-St. Stephan (Volume 1 up to (= scientific abstracts on the activities of the rulers) of the 156 Institute for Medieval Research

Holy Roman Emperors and Kings Konrad III, Frederick Bibliography I, Albrecht I, Wenceslaus, Sigismund, Frederick III and t Das Reich der Vandalen und seine Vorgeschiche(n), Maximilian I continued apace, alongside complimentary ed. Guido Berndt and Roland Steinacher (Forschun- research. In 2008 the volume on King Konrad III (died gen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 13, Vienna 2008). 1152) was published, containing 790 regesta and a t Vergangenheit und Vergegenwärtigung. Frühes comprehensive study on this king’s reign. Conference Mittelalter und europäische Erinnerungskultur, ed. proceedings on foreign policy in the Late Middle Ages Helmut Reimitz and Bernhard Zeller (Forschungen should provide the impetus for further work in this field. zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 14, Vienna 2009). A large-scale project on the reign and charters of Emperor t Der frühmittelalterliche Staat – europäische Per- Sigismund, in which researchers from three countries are spektiven, ed. Walter Pohl and Veronika Wieser collecting material from Austria, the Czech Republic (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 16, and Hungary, is being financed by third party funds. In Vienna 2009). 2009 work was completed on the 4th sub-volume of the t Walter Pohl, Die ethnische Wende des Frühmit- regesta of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (died 1190), telalters und ihre Auswirkungen auf Ostmittel- which deals with the last years of his reign, ending with europa. Oskar-Halecki-Vorlesung 2006 (Leipzig his death on the 3rd Crusade. Emperor Frederick III 2008). (+1493), who is very important for Austria, is also the t Walter Pohl, Rome and the Barbarians in the Fifth subject of a new project. These volumes provide a unique Century, in: Antiquité Tardive 16 (2008) 93-101. overview of many previously inaccessible sources for the t Die Inschriften des Politischen Bezirks Krems, study of central European medieval history. bearbeitet von Andreas Zajic (Die Deutschen In- schriften, Vienna 2008). Completing the collection of material was the central t Die Inschriften des Politischen Bezirks St. Veit an task with regard to the Monumenta Germaniae der Glan, bearbeitet von Friedrich W. Leitner (Die Historica edition on the charters of King Philipp of Deutschen Inschriften, Vienna 2008). Swabia (1198–1208), necessitating visits to archives t J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii IV. Die Regesten des in Austria, Switzerland and Italy. A second focal point Kaiserreiches unter Lothar III. und Konrad III. 2. was the editing of the charters, two-thirds of which Teil Konrad III. 1093/94 (1138) – 1152, bearbeitet have been completed. In May 2008 an international von Jan Paul Niederkorn unter Mitarbeit von Ka- symposium was organised on the 800th anniversary of rel Hruza (Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008) the assassination of King Philipp of Swabia. The murder t Wolfram Ziegler, König Konrad III. (1138-1152). remains unsolved, and throws up many questions on Hof, Urkunden und Politik (Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, its background, the factions, changing allegiances, Regesta Imperii 26, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008) conflict resolution and mediation during the German t Außenpolitisches Handeln im späten Mittelal- “Thronstreit”, the dispute over the German throne ter: Akteure und Ziele, ed. Sonja Dünnebeil and between Philipp and the Guelph Otto IV. The king’s Christine Ottner (Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Re- personality and reign were also discussed. gesta Imperii 27, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008). 157

Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture

Head: Elisabeth Vavra

Aims and Functions consists of the digitised images of circa. 23,000 visual The aim of the institute is the research into the daily life sources and artefacts and represents an indispensable of the Middle Ages and the early modern period based tool for any research in the field. In 2009, the on the analysis of material culture. “Realienkunde” deals database was integrated in the so-called Austrian with the multifold net of relations between humans Cultural Pool (‘KULTURPOOL. Österreichs Portal and objects to find out historical life patterns which zu Kunst, Kultur und Bildung’ – www.kulturpool. always have happened “amidst things”. The institute is at); the capability to pose questions in English to the only research centre in Europe that concentrates on REALonline was implemented. The photographic this kind of basic historical analysis. campaigns of the institute were successfully continued in Franconia. The documentation of written sources The members of the institute study the use of things has been concentrating on the late medieval urban (production, application, perception, significance), testaments from Vienna and Korneuburg. With the patterns of meaning that are constituted by the regard to the Viennese evidence, the fourth volume relations of objects, the group- and gender-specific covering the years 1412–1417 was published in 2009. area of action and the patterns of behaviour which The database “Rechtsaltertümer-online (RAT)” (online are symbolised by material objects. Surviving objects, since 2008) represents an important step towards images and texts are the sources for these studies. better documentation of legal historical sources The variety of evidence (different types of images, and monuments. pragmatic literature, poetry, archaeological finds, etc.) necessitates interdisciplinary approaches. At the The projects of the research area “Spaces of Living and moment, the research fellows of the institute represent the Worlds of Things” are dealing with the object-bound the disciplines of archaeology, history, art history, and space-bound structures of daily life. Case studies of history of German literature, and theology. Middle High German poetry have concentrated on the phenomenon “Street” as a space of communication and The research covers the systematic documentation encounter. The research into “Cultures of Housing” of material traces of the Middle Ages and the early connects projects concerning the décor, function modern period in all the mentioned types of sources, and perception of rooms. The documentation and their analysis with regard to the reality and structures of publication of castles in the “Niederösterreichischen daily life, and the adaptation of the results for a broader Burgenbuch”, which was continued in 2008–2009, interested public. The photographic documentation represents a basis for the research of concepts of inner and systematic processing of visual and archaeological and outer space in housing concepts of the nobility. objects are of central interest for the institute. The interdisciplinary dissertation project “The Order of Space” is dealing with the housing of the nobility in Results for 2008–2009 castles from the perspectives of archaeology, history and The research area 2AB1CD EACBDF6065AF covers history of German literature to present a broad picture database and edition projects of visual, textual of aristocratic housing culture. An interdisciplinary and archaeological sources. The image database database was developed that will offer good possibilities “REALonline” represents the most important for the comparative analyses of the archaeological, documentation project of the institute. It currently literary and inventory evidence. Two new projects W> Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture

*+D@(V^(*DD@(circaW'|9);8@8 Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture W< concentrate on the analyses of interiors. For an analysis The project “Virtual Mediation” aims to make the of stove tiles and their character as an image medium, results of research at the institute available for a broader the material from the Styrian Federal Region Museum public. In this context the project part “Memory of the (Graz) and the Salzburg Federal Region Museum were Region”, which is implemented for the Lower Austrian documented. The motives of the cycle of wall paintings Federal Region Museum, was continued (curatorship which were uncovered in the so-called Gozzoburg of the exhibition “Schätzereich – Schicksalreich – in Krems in 2006/2007 were analysed and could be Niederösterreich”; support in the museum’s presentation identified as representations of the legend of “Barlaam of regional history). and Josaphat”. The institute continued the organisation of international The research area “Signs – Actions – Meanings” is meetings with two round table discussions; “Images, dealing with the analysis of patterns of thoughts, signs Ritual and Daily Life” (2008) and “The Art of Fencing: and actions on the basis of written and visual sources. State of the Art and Perspectives of the Research into This is realised for aspects of daily life in the sources of Early Modern Wrestling and Fencing Treatises (2009)”. the papal Penitentiary, with regard to the symbol-loaded The institute was also one of the co-organisers of the and contradictory figure of the “fool”, and with regard to congress of the Centre of Medieval Studies of the Austrian gender-specific aspects of the portraits of married couples. Academy on “Fragments. Dealing with Defective Source Evidence in Medieval Studies”. Moreover, the institute was the host and organiser for a meeting of CARMEN (Co-operative for the Advancement of Research through a Medieval European Network).

Bibliography t „Ich bin also worden gris“ – Altersverständnis im Spätmittelalter. Historische Sozialkunde 4/2008 (mit Beiträgen von Helmut Hundsbichler, Ger- hard Jaritz, Isabella Nicka, Elisabeth Vavra). t Gerhard Jaritz/Christian Neschwara (Ed.), Die Wiener Stadtbücher 1395–1430, Teil 4: 1412–1417 (Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, 3. Abt.: Fontes iuris 10/4). Wien-Köln-Weimar 2009. t Thomas Kühtreiber (Ed.), Burgen. Waldviertel, Wachau, Mährisches Thayatal, 2. überarb. u. erw. Aufl. Wien, 2009. t Elisabeth Vavra (Ed.), Alterskulturen des Mittel- alters und der frühen Neuzeit (Veröffentlichun- gen des Instituts für Realienkunde des Mittelal- ters und der frühen Neuzeit 21 = ÖAW phil.-hist. Kl. 780). Wien 2008. t Jasmine Wagner, Der „Goldene Ofen“ von Stift Altenburg. Ein Beitrag zur kunsthistorischen ar- chäologischen und handwerksgeschichtlichen For- schung anhand eines spätmittelalterlichen Fund- komplexes. Graz, Univ. Diss. 2009. t Gertrud Blaschitz, Wandmalereien im Freskensaal der „Gozzoburg“ Krems. Josaphat und Ottokar II. Přemysl? In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalpflege 62 (2008) 565–582. t Gertrud Blaschitz, Unterwegs in der mittelhoch- Fig. 2: The healing of a leper, detail. Panel painting. Kalbensteinberg deutschen Epik des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts. Das *|O((circaa. =< sprachliche und literarische Erscheinungsbild von '|9);8@8 Weg und Straße in der Heldenepik, im Frauen- 160 Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture

*"+9Z*OYQ("*OYQ("'|9Q("'|9-'|9 tcher, IMAREAL

dienst des Ulrich von Liechtenstein und im Helm- ginn der frühen Neuzeit. In: Barbara Krug-Richter brecht von Wernher dem Gärtner. In: Thomas Sz- und Ruth-E. Mohrmann (Ed.), Frühneuzeitliche abó (Ed.), Die Welt der europäischen Straße. Von Universitätskulturen. Kulturhistorische Perspekti- der Antike bis in die Frühe Neuzeit. Köln-Weimar- ven auf die Hochschulen in Europa (Beihefte zum Wien 2009, 185–214. Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 65). Köln–Weimar– t Helmut Hundsbichler, Dichte Überlieferung und Wien 2009, 97–108. dichte Beschreibung. In: Barbara Scholkmann – t Elisabeth Vavra, Die Zeichensprache der Sören Frommer (Ed. u. a.), Zwischen Tradition Krankheit. In: Cordula Nolte (Ed.), Homo und Wandel. Archäologie des 15. und 16. Jahrhun- debilis. Behinderte – Kranke – Versehrte in der derts. Büchenbach 2009, 17–24. Gesellschaft des Mittelalters (Studien und Texte t Ingrid Matschinegg, Aspekte der Alltagsorganisa- zur Geistes- und Sozialgeschichte des Mittelalters tion in studentischen Lebensumgebungen am Be- 3). Korb 2009, 393–410. 161

Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria

Head: Otto Kresten

Aims and Functions manuscripts on the internet. The web portal The Commission of Paleography and Codicology of “Mittelalterliche Handschriften in österreichischen Medieval Manuscripts – being the sole institution of Bibliotheken” shall become the central entry point for this kind in Austria – dedicates itself to the scientific research on manuscripts in Austrian libraries within classification of the estimated 20,000 medieval the next few years. manuscripts that are stored in Austrian libraries; this is achieved through the publication of printed catalogues Besides main catalogues that provide detailed as well as the publication of descriptions of medieval descriptions of content, codicology, history, and manuscripts and various resources for cataloguing illuminations of all the manuscripts of a certain collection, special catalogues on illuminated or German- language manuscripts in Austrian libraries are published in the series “Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Schrift- und Buchwesen des Mittelalters”.

The project “Schriftgut aus dem Umkreis der Universität Wien von 1365 bis 1500” gathers the manuscripts collected in Austrian libraries that emerged from the environment of the University of Vienna but is also aimed at the critical edition of the “Acta Facultatis Artium”.

The research results of the long-term projects „WZMA – Wasserzeichen des Mittelalters“, „Mittelalterliche Handschriften in lateinischer Schrift in und aus Slowenien“ and „Hebräische Handschriften und Fragmente in österreichischen Biblitoheken“ as well as the „Bibliography zu mittelalterlichen Handschriften in Österreich“ will be published exclusively on the internet. It will be accessible freely and free of charge, following the idea of „open access“.

The web portal “Mittelalterliche Handschriften in österreichsichen Bibliotheken”,” that has been developed since 2007 in cooperation with the Austrian National Library, will be extended in the medium term into an online database of all medieval manuscripts in Austrian *++|/O( libraries with multi-aspect search criteria. Manuscript 3rd quarter of the 12thO(;(/ descriptions, being a part of ongoing cataloguing "# projects, as well as addenda and corrigenda of already 162 Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria

*+/V)| *"+9(0@WM/ "<8("W Europe, 13th or 14thO(;8#Q9

published descriptions, will be made accessible to the In addition to the cataloguing work at the National scientific community via this web portal. Library in Vienna two similar projects are dedicated to the manuscript holdings of the University Library Results for 2008–2009 in Graz and the Upper Austrian State Library in Linz. Work on the cataloguing projects at Innsbruck, The first Graz volume was ready for print by the end Klosterneuburg, Melk, and Nonnberg/Salzburg was of 2009, it covers the illuminated manuscripts from continued according to plan. Two volumes of the about 1400 to 1550. Additionally, two monographs catalogue of manuscripts at the university library on the “Willehalm Codex” of the Bohemian King of Innsbruck (Cod. 401–600) were published. Wenceslas IV (1362–1419) and the so-called A manuscript with descriptions of Cod. 201–300 “Lehrbücher-Meister” were handed over to the editor for the third volume of the catalogue of manuscripts (Austrian Academy of Sciences) by the end of 2009 at Klosterneuburg Monastery was completed by and will be published in early 2010. Regarding the end of 2009 (Fig. 1). electronic publications, the short inventory of illuminated manuscripts and incunabula of the Abbey The catalogue of Islamic illuminated manuscripts held Library Herzogenburg with art historian expertises by the Austrian National Library was completed in and numerous pictures has to be mentioned. It can 2008. The manuscripts for catalogues vol. IV and V, be found at the website of the Otto Pächt Archiv comprising Central European manuscripts from circa. under the heading “Material” (http://paecht-archiv. 1380 to 1450 (Mitteleuropäische Schulen), have been univie.ac.at) and is also associated with the web portal prepared for print whilst research for volume VII of “manuscripta.at”. the series was continued. Cataloguing work is now mainly focussing on book production of the 2nd half of As part of the EU-project “Bernstein: The memory of the 15th Century. From the mid-century on not only Papers” and in collaboration with the Hauptstaatsarchiv the traditionally hand written books, but also printed Stuttgart, a provisional online version of the watermark incunabula were enriched with painted decoration. repertory of Gerhard Piccard was published on In reviewing the approximately 8,000 incunabula the commission’s website. of the Austrian-National Library about 1,800 volumes with book decoration were determined. Since the end of 2007 the commission has taken part Another emphasis was placed upon the photographic in the project “Hebrew Manuscripts and Fragments in documentation of the manuscripts and incunabula to Austrian Libraries” which is integrated into the pan- be catalogued; by the end of 2009 approx. 75,000 European project “Hebrew Fragments in European digital photographs were made (Fig. 2). Libraries” consisting of nine countries in cooperation Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria 163 with the Jewish National and University Library of t Christine Glaßner, Josef Oesch (Ed.): Fragmenta Jerusalem. Images of the Hebrew text fragments Hebraica Austriaca. Akten der Session ‚Hebrew in Austria recorded so far have been available in an Manuscripts and Fragments in Austrian Libraries‘ online catalogue on the website of the Commission des International Meeting der Society of Biblical of Paloegraphy and Codicology of Medieval Literature in Wien am 26. Juli 2007 (Sitzungsbe- Manuscripts in Austria since 2007 (Fig. 3). Results richte der phil.-hist. Klasse 783), Wien 2009. and future plans of the project have been published t Daniela Mairhofer, Walter Neuhauser, Michaela in 2008 (see below). Rossini, Claudia Schretter: Katalog der Hand- schriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck, Cataloguing of manuscripts concerning the medieval Cod. 401-500. (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse University of Vienna was continued in the libraries 365). Mit CD-ROM. Wien 2008. of St. Florian and Seitenstetten. A manuscript with t Daniela Mairhofer, Walter Neuhauser, Claudia descriptions of manuscripts of the old Viennese Schretter, Ursula Stampfer: Katalog der Handschrif- University Library, today preserved in the library of ten der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol in Seitenstetten, was completed by the end of 2009 and Innsbruck, Cod. 501-600. (Denkschriften der phil.- will be published in 2010. The critical edition of the hist. Klasse 375). Mit CD-ROM. Wien 2009. medieval “Acta Facultatis Artium II” (the acts of the t Régionalisme et Internationalisme - Problèmes de Arts faculty of the Viennese university, comprising the Paléographie et de Codicologie du Moyen Âge. Ac- years 1416–1447) was started with the transcription tes du XVe Colloque du Comité International de Pa- of the first part of the text. léographie Latine (Vienne, 13-17 Septembre 2005), édités par O. Kresten et Franz Lackner (Denkschrif- In collaboration with the Austrian National Library the ten der phil.-hist. Klasse 364). Wien 2008. web portal “Medieval manuscripts in Austrian libraries” t Martin Wagendorfer: Die Schrift des Eneas Silvius Pic- was created. It offers access to a number of digitized colomini (Studi e Testi 441). Città del Vaticano 2008. manuscript catalogues and a cumulative index of authors t Ochsenkopf und Meerjungfrau – Wasserzeichen and initia of medieval texts in Austrian manuscripts. des Mittelalters. Begleitheft und Katalog zur Aus- Currently, the index comprises approximately 170,000 stellung des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg, records and will be upgraded continually. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart und der Österreichi- schen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Kommission Bibliography für Schrift- und Buchwesen des Mittelalters, Wien. t Dorothea Duda: Islamische Handschriften II, Teil Stuttgart 2006 (71 Seiten). – Third Edition in Ger- 2: Die Handschriften in türkischer Sprache (Denk- man and English. Stuttgart, Wien 2009. schriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 363). Wien 2008. t Eneas Silvius Piccolomini, Historia Austrialis t Christine Glaßner: Neuzeitliche Handschriften aus (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores dem Nachlaß der Brüder Bernhard und Hieronymus Rerum Germanicarum. Nova Series 24), Pez in der Bibliothek des Benediktinerstiftes Melk herausgegeben von Julia Knödler und Martin (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 372). Wien 2008. Wagendorfer. 2 vol., Hannover 2009. 164

Centre for Research on Modern and Contem porary History (CMC)

Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy

Head: Helmut Rumpler

Aims and Functions Council of Ministers was the focus of all governmental The main task and top priority of the work of the activities. Thus, the Minutes of the Council of commission is the study of the history of the Habsburg Ministers offer an important historical source for the Monarchy in the era of Francis Joseph (1848–1918) general history of the Habsburg Monarchy. Editing and the scientific presentation of the results in texts takes place in close cooperation with the Historical based on international cooperation. Up to now, nine Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, volumes have existed; two further volumes are being which – in collaboration with the Austrian side – edits prepared or are in planning: “Culture and Civilization: the “Minutes of the Common Council of Ministers Inner Meaning and Way of Life” and “The First World 1867–1918”. War and the Reorganization of (East)Central Europe”. In addition to and in continuation of the results of Results for 2008–2009 its previous endeavours, the commission is pursuing The completion of the project “Social Structures” stood the following projects: “The members of the Austrian/ at the centre of the commission’s activities. The two Cisleithanian Parliament 1848–1918. Key dates for volumes, which form part of the series “The Habsburg the history of political elites in Habsburg (East) Monarchy 1848–1918”, will be presented to the public Central Europe”; “Elections to the Austrian/ in 2010. Cisleithanian Parliaments 1848–1911”; and “Joseph Alexander von Helfert: his diaries, memoirs and In Part 1, 36 authors trace the path from a “feudal- political correspondence”. agrarian to a civil-industrial society”. Starting with an exposition of the basic prerequisites of the “Industrial In bringing together a team of 25 to 35 scholars from Revolution” within the Habsburg, the living space, different European and non-European countries for professional life and “zones of production” determined each volume, the commission also forms a primary by socio-economic factors are looked at, followed by centre for “Habsburg studies”, a scientific field well a discussion of those social formations experiencing established far beyond the Republic of Austria. By ana- transition from a feudal society to one consisting of lyzing central themes of the conflict-ridden history of classes and then by the treatment of those formations (East)Central Europe, for example “The Nationalities existing “beyond classes”. A separate section is devoted of the Hapsburg Empire” (1980) or “Constitution and to the social change as a political challenge, a theme Parliamentarianism” (2000), the commission has suc- particularly relevant in a phase of a radical change from ceeded in making a significant contribution, interna- an elitist society to a mass society and the demise of tionally renowned, to a discussion which also touches liberal economics and values. Several statistics based on on the process of European unification. the results of the various censuses round off Part 1.

Starting with June 1, 2008, the Commission has Part 2 “The Society of the Habsburg Monarchy in taken over the editing of the “Minutes of the Austrian Cartographic Representation. Thematic Maps on Council of Ministers 1848–1867” and the “Minutes of Administrative, Social and Economic Structures the Common Council of Ministers 1867–1918” from according to the Census of 1910”, edited by Helmut the former Austrian Institute of East and Southeast Rumpler and Martin Seger, offers, on 96 maps, a European Studies. The Austrian as well as the Common comprehensive stocktaking of the social structures of Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy 165

*+;X"zO98^#P(- ^((;9 #((##8(9# '/^^((;

the Habsburg Monarchy on the eve of the First Wold the political importance of the members of Parliament. War. As a result of an interdisciplinary concurrence A databank containing information on more than 3,500 between historians and social geographers and parliamentarians and filling more than 10,000 pages international cooperation, a product was achieved that forms the basis for further and more penetrating inter- surpasses a mere documentation and illustration of pretations. These studies will result in a “Biographical contents offered in part 1. The treatment of the entire Handbook of the Members of the Austrian/Cisleitha- Habsburg Monarchy breaks new ground, thematically nian Parliament 1848–1918” which is in preparation. and methodically, and allows comparative statements to be made on interdependent, converging and differing In the series “Studien zur Geschichte der österreichisch- developments in a large region which is politically ungarischen Monarchie” the editing of the book structured in a most complex way. (Fig. 1) by Catherine Horel, “Soldiers between National Fronts: The Dissolution of the Military Border and Within the scope of the project “The members of the the Development of the Royal-Hungarian Honvéd Austrian/Cisleithanian Parliament 1848–1918: A Col- in Croatia-Slavonia 1868–1914” was completed and lective Biography” first results have been presented as to in the fall of 2009 the book was presented to the the changing social composition of Parliament, continu- public at a meeting organized by the Military Academy ity or change within that body, its network, as well as in Vienna. (Fig. 2). 166 Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy

Bild fehlt

*+|^# ?(^^# 0?|^# ?(^^# 0?8^# ?(^^# 0?8^8^^- />X((V)>=>!=<*^// >X>`(O^^# /D#0)/ ((9'/^^((;

In the course of the project “Minutes of the Austrian by fire), therefore the editing of these documents Council of Ministers 1848–1867” vol. IV/3, the poses a number of specific problems. Rechberg administration, (the 23rd of the whole series) came off the press in June 2009. The main topic of this As Austrian contribution to this project and, again due volume is the implementation of the so called “October- to financial aid by the FWF, vol. VI (1908–1914) of Diploma” of October 20, 1860, by which the era of the “Minutes of the Common Council of Ministers neoabsolutism came to an end and which opened up 1867–1918 has been finished and handed over to the constitutional era of the HapsburgMonarchy. All the the Historical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of protocols of the entire Rechberg administration are now Sciences for publication. available in print. The editing of the manuscript of vol. II/4, the Schwarzenberg administration, was completed Bibliography and it has been submitted to the publication committee. t Helmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (Hgg.), Die The draft manuscript of the last volume pertaining to the Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918 IX: Soziale Struk- the Schwarzenberg administration, vol. II/5, has been turen. 1. Teil: Von der feudal-agrarischen zur bürger- finished. Work on Vol. III/6, the Buol-Schauenstein lich-industriellen Gesellschaft (Wien 2010, in Druck). administration, is being continued. (Fig. 3) t Helmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (Hgg.), Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918 IX: Soziale Due to finances offered by the FWF, preliminary Strukturen. 2. Teil: Die Gesellschaft der Habsbur- works for the editing of the “Minutes of the Austri- germonarchie im Kartenbild. Verwaltungs-, So- an/Cisleithanian Council of Ministers 1867–1918” zial- und Infrastrukturen. Nach dem Zensus von have begun. The first task is to ensure the textual 1910, bearbeitet von Helmut Rumpler und Martin basis of the individual minutes; these protocols Seger (Wien 2010, in Druck). are part of the so called “Brandakten” (documents t Die Protokolle des österreichischen Minis- which have been partly destroyed, partly damaged terrates 1848-1867 IV: Das Ministerium Rechberg Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy 167

Bd.3: 30. Oktober 1860-2.Februar 1861. Bearbeitet und eingeleitet von Stefan Malfèr (Wien 2009). t Catherine Horel, Soldaten zwischen nationalen Fronten: Die Auflösung der Militärgrenze und die Entwicklung der königlich-ungarischen Land- wehr (Honvéd) in Kroatien-Slawonien 1868-1914 (= Studien zur Geschichte der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie XXXI, Wien 2009). t Helmut Rumpler, Österreichs Zeitgeschichte im Rahmen „deutscher Kontinuität“? In: Gerhard Botz,Gerald Sprengnagel (Hgg.), Kontroversen um Österreichs Zeitgeschichte. Verdrängte Ver- gangenheit, Österreich-Identität, Waldheim und die Historiker (= Studien zur historischen Sozial- wissenschaft 13, 2. erweiterte Auflage Frankfurt/ New York 2008; Erstauflage 1994), 353-366. t Andreas Gottsmann, Die Katholische Kirche und die nationalen Partikularismen in der Donau- monarchie. Habilitationsschrift (= Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturforum in Rom, Wien 2010, in Druck). t Andreas Gottsmann, Parteipolitik und katholische Kirche in der Donaumonarchie. Das politische Engagement des Anton B. Jeglič und die Diplomatie des Hl. Stuhls. Römische Historische Mitteilungen 51 (2009), 317-336. t Andreas Gottsmann, Archivbericht: „Finis Austriae“ im Archiv der Kongregation für außer- ordentliche kirchliche Angelegenheiten (Affari Ec- clesiastici Straordinari), in: Römische Historische Mitteilungen 50 (2008), 541-552. t Peter Urbanitsch, Anton Bruckner, das liebe Geld, die Wiener Gesellschaft und die Politik; in: Anton Fig. 3: First page of the minutes of the session of the Council of Min- (>X(@*Z Bruckners Wiener Jahr, hrsg. von Renate Grasberger, O8^;% Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolfgang Partsch (= Wiener 0(>XP Bruckner Studien 1, Wien 2009), 301-330. @(Y(#- t Stefan Malfèr, Eine Diskussion über Dalmatien cably renouncing the sole right of legislature. This act meant the end in einer Wiener Zeitschrift im Vormärz, in Stefano of neoabsolutism and the beginning of the constitutional era of the ^((;^^D#O(- Aloe (Hg), Die slavischen Grenzen Mitteleuropas. nettskanzlei; edited in: The Minutes of the Austrian Council of Min- Festschrift für Sergio Bonazza (= Die Welt der Slaven, >=>M>X#)!"+(< Sammelbände 34). München 2008, 111-119. 'D# X>

Historical Commission

Head: Arnold Suppan

Aims and Functions history. This is a discipline that is in the process of The challenge facing historical science lies in expanding renewal in the light of globalisation. The opening of the horizon of perception and explanation, above the European archives after 1989 switched researchers’ all by embedding local, regional and supraregional attention back to the Europe of the Cold War in the phenomena in a broader context than that of Central period between 1945 and 1989, the focus being on Europe. The standards in this respect are determined by the phase of coexistence, i.e. the late 1950s and the internationality, innovation and excellence. 1960s, and the relationships between medium-sized and small countries in these years. The work undertaken concerned 1) the question of the inner complexity and efficiency of the Austrian Results for 2008–2009 monarchy as a composite political system, with a high The preparation, in particular in terms of content, priority attached to comparison; 2) increasingly the and the holding of the international conference on reception of Anglo-American imperial research, which “The Revolutions of 1989” formed an important currently is the only one that permits a systematic focal point of activity in the period under review. access to the “globality” of the problem; 3) the Both the list of participants – over 30 internationally development of the European system of states between recognized experts from Europe and overseas and a the Second World War, the formation of blocs and number of contemporary witnesses who were directly detente using archive material still to be processed and decisively involved as participants in events – and and methodological approaches; in addition, 4) work the very broad spectrum of the lectures and discussions begun in 1990 (at that time still outside the Historical mean that this event can be included among the world’s Commission) was continued on a comprehensive most important on the topic of 1989-2009. publication covering the main principles of Austrian foreign policies in the interwar period. It is thanks to the huge academic competence within the Historical Commission on the issues relating to The progress achieved on the work recently made a the topic of the Cold War that it proved possible to thematic reorganisation necessary, with now a greater bring together a group of experts that can be regarded emphasis on questions that also permit diachronic as top quality even by global standards. As an example comparison over long periods of time. The specialisation of the research results relating to the topic, mention State and governance in the modern age examines the should be made here of Michael Portmann’s work on “compression of governance” and the formation of the Communist revolution in the Vojvodina, which the “modern” (European) concept of statehood that inter alia also shows the failure of the interaction primarily depends on the ability to conduct war and between state authority and society as a result of an to provide the preconditions necessary for it. The often increasing loss of trust. crisis-ridden establishment of the modern bureaucratic state in the 19th century then led to new and additional The involvement in international discussion also took state functions in the fields of the economy and social place in other topic areas such as the critical assessment policy. The specialisation in International relations in of the concept of absolutism and the reassessment of the modern age -- International history of the modern age the early modern nation-building, or with respect to is an attempt to bundle political, social and cultural the (not undisputed) question of how far it is possible Historical Commission X<

*+Y+Q98|Q@;/VX=XX=>- vas, Münster, City Museum.

and necessary to go far beyond formal bilateral Secondly, mention should be made of the critical relationships in the examination of the international and commented editions of selected source material, history of the modern age: one of the more important rendering (internal and foreign) policy decision- consequences was the publication of the results in very making processes in the early modern period and in prominent international journals. the more recent and most recent past more transparent and hence making a contribution to political culture. It is precisely the new questions just mentioned that are arousing interest in previously largely ignored source The Academy’s three-year doctoral programme material, the processing of which in turn is conversely also allowed the successful involvement of junior permitting both a critical assessment of existing views researchers in the work of the Historical Commission. of history and new theoretical approaches. In this During the period under review, one dissertation respect, as an example of the many ongoing projects, (on Austrian-Slovakian relationships between 1945 reference is made to that on “The Habsburg Monarchy and 1968) was completed and work commenced and the Holy Land”, which also discusses the conflicts on three others (reports of the Graz Nuntiatur, and convergences of interest of the major European Italian occupation policy in Yugoslavia 1941-1943, powers in this geopolitically not unimportant region. Austria and the GDR). 170 Historical Commission

t Wolfgang Mueller, Austria. In: van Dijk, Ruud; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremy; Zhai, Qiang. Eds. Encyclopaedia of the Cold War 1. London: Routledge, 2008, 50-52. t Arnold Suppan, Wolfgang Mueller (Eds.), Peace- ful Coexistence or Iron Curtain? Austria, Neu- trality, and Eastern Europe in the Cold War and Détente, 1955–1989 (= Europa Orientalis 7, Vi- enna 2009) t Ralph Kauz, Jan Paul Niederkorn, Giorgio Rota (eds.), Diplomatische Praxis und Zeremoniell in Europa und dem Mittleren Osten in der Frühen Neuzeit (= Sitzungsberichte der phil.-hist.-Klasse 796 bzw. Archiv für Österreichische Geschichte 141 bzw. Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik 52, Vi- enna 2009) t Gabriele Haug-Moritz, Hans Peter Hye, Marlies Raffler (eds.), Adel im „langen“ 18. Jahrhundert (=Zentraleuropa-Studien 14, Vienna 2009) t Hans Peter Hye, Brigitte Mazohl, Jan Paul Nie- derkorn (eds.), Nationalgeschichte als Artefakt. Mystifizierung und Entmystifizierung nationaler Historiographien in Deutschland, Italien und Ös- terreich (= Zentraleuropa-Studien 12, Vienna 2009) t Klaus Koch, Walter Rauscher, Arnold Suppan, Elisabeth Vyslonzil (eds.), Außenpolitische *+|O)/#<>

Bibliography t Michael Portmann, Die kommunistische Revolu- tion in der Vojvodina 1944–1952 (= Zentraleuro- pa-Studien 13, Vienna 2008) t David Schriffl, Michal Schvarc, Martin Ho- lák, (eds.), „Tretia ríša“ a vznik Slovenského Štátu. Dokumenty I. – Das „Dritte Reich“ und die Ent- stehung des Slowakischen Staates. Dokumente I. Ústav Pamäti Národa (Bratislava 2008) t William D. Godsey, Nation, Government, and ‘Anti-Semitism’ in Early Nineteenth-Century Aus- tria. The Historical Journal, Vol. 51 (2008) 1–37. t William D. Godsey, The Culture of Diplomacy and Reform in the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Of- fice, 1867-1914. In: Mösslang, Markus; Riotte, *"+8OO# <>

Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation

Head: Ernsth Bruckmüller (until 31.12.2008: Helmuth Grössing)

Aims and Functions in recent years objectively. This research focuses The main research direction of the Institute, as manda- additionally onregional priorities especially on the ted by the academy, is the establishment of an Austrian issues of migration, exile and the history of science. Biographical Dictionary for the period 1815 to 1950 The results of this work are manifested mainly in the in book form. This lexicon can be considered the most “Schriftenreihe (papers) of the OBL”. In 2008 volume important Austrian biographical work for the 19th and 11 was published (Burstyn, see below). the first half of the 20th century and is even internationally recognised. A continuation of this lexicon from Exile and Emigration Research 1951, almost to the present day, which is of particular The task of the project is the study of the Austrian interest in the science of history not only in Austria, and German exile in the era of National Socialism comprises appropriate material collections and records, with particular attention on biographical aspects. presented through the online edition and the “Trans- In addition to the biographical research the project versale” (E-Transverse) (see below). This sequel, as well deals with the conditions of exile in all facets of the as additions to and revision of the first volume, will problem of re-migration and with the employment of appear at first exclusively online. expatriates in the allied forces.

Created in 1989 by the Institute for the History of Biographical research on the history of science Jews in Austria, initiated and edited by Anna L. The general history of science in Austria has only two Staudacher, the Austrian Jewish Biography (ATJB) major institutional anchors, namely, the Austrian Society has continued at the Institute since 1996 as the Aus- for History of Science (ÖGW) and the Commission trian Jewish Biographical Dictionary. The Austrian for the History of Science, Mathematics and Medicine Jewish Biography is primarily a biographical dic- of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. tionary, admission criteria is a Jewish birth, from a Jewish mother. The geographical scope of ATJB is The ÖGW cooperates closely with the Academy and determined by the historic borders of Austria, focu- the OBL Institute. For this reason, in the organization sing on 1782 to 1914, from the age of emancipation chart of the institute a research project on science to the end of the monarchy. A particular focus of this history was established, considering especially the research was on the conversions and defections from biographical aspect of the topics. In December 2009 the Jewish religion. the latest publication concerning this subject, “A view back to the universe” (a biographical collection Results for 2008–2009 of important astronomers in Austria,) was presented in the Austrian State Archives (Daniela Angetter, Projects and Interests Nora Pärr). In 2008 the 60th volume was finalized and presented in October, in 2009, the 61st volume was presented On the occasion of 120 years of German dermatology, in November . The 62nd volume has been in the history of Austrian dermatologists during the Nazi progress since the autumn of 2009. Apart from the period was developed. The results of the research were biographical-lexical and editorial work, the institute reflected in the publication “History of the German continues to evaluate and present material collected Dermatology”, 2009. 172 Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation

ATJB-Austrian Jewish Biography: source editions, bio- Since 2009 the access to this data in the network has graphical collection - lexicon, database been free of charge (pdf version only). The research program ATJB – with the aim of the scientific analysis of previously unknown and unpub- In February 2008, the first phase of the project develop- lished sources – brings together a number of individual ment of the information management system “e-OBL” projects. The database ATJB-lexicon is an extended was completed and the production startup of the new index database, which forms the basis for the short system took place on February 28, 2008. As a result, biographical notes for the source editions. In 2009 a some updates and general improvements (for example im- volume on defections from Judaism edited by Anna L. plementing an XML interface, extended analysis options Staudacher was published. and search functions) of the system have been undertaken. In autumn 2009, the third project phase was started. Digital Register - e-OBL - Online Edition - e-OBL - Bio- graphical Portal In 2008, the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland For the planned, searchable-in-full, text online edition (HLS) joined the project “Biographical Portal” as of the OBL (so far only photo-PDF) by December a fourth and equal partner. The working group set 2008 all the printed volumes of OBL were XML- up in February 2008 designed the requirements for structured by an outside firm. By late December the joint presence on the web. The “portal” has been 2008 the 12th volume – for the moment still in a functioning since July 2008 ; the first launch took beta version – was placed on the publishing server. In place on July 7, 2009 in Munich, the second (already cooperation with the publisher, a new layout for the with the Italian and French versions of the HLS) on online edition has been designed and implemented. November 11, 2009 in Vienna.

*+90 Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation 173

t Angetter, Daniela; Holubar, Karl (2009) Die öster- reichische Dermatologie 1918-1945. In: Geschich- te der deutschsprachigen Dermatologie, hrsg. v. Albert Scholz u. a., (2009), S. 287-297. t Angetter, Daniela; Pärr, Nora (2009) Blick zurück ins Universum. Die Geschichte der österreichi- schen Astronomie in Biografien, hrsg. v. Gene- raldirektion des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs; Wien, (321 Seiten) t Grössing, Helmuth; Lebensaft, Elisabeth (Hrsg.) (2008) Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 60. Lieferung. In: Österreichisches *+9M@9 0 Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, hrsg. v. Ös- terreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen- E-Transverse schaften (128 Seiten). After a lengthy lead time, many biographies have been t Lebensaft, Elisabeth (Red.) (2009) Österreichi- finally edited and will be published on the academy’s sches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 61. Liefe- internal intranet in 2010. The focus of the work mainly rung. In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon includes the letters A-C. The revision of these letters 1815-1950, hrsg. v. Österreichische Akademie der (additions, etc.) will complete the online edition in the Wissenschaften Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen autumn of 2010. Akademie der Wissenschaften (120 Seiten). t Staudacher, Anna L. (2008) Kreuzel & Nockerln. Bibliography Von Hand- und Todeszeichen. Hand- und To- t Angetter, Daniela; Angetter, Ewald (2008) Gun- deszeichen in seriellen Quellen des 19. Jhdts. In: ther Burstyn (1879-1945) Sein „Panzer“ - Eine Semiotik, Deutsch, Gesellschaft für (Hrsg.), Das bahnbrechende Erfindung zur falschen Zeit am Konkrete als Zeichen. falschen Ort, In Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Öster- t Staudacher, Anna (2009) „… meldet den Austritt reichischen Biographischen Lexikons 11, 1. Aufl. aus dem mosaischen Glauben“. 18000 Austritte (127 Seiten). aus dem Judentum in Wien, 1868 - 1914: Namen t Angetter, Daniela (2009) 150 Jahre Schlacht bei – Quellen – Daten (826 Seiten) Solferino (I) Eine humantiäre Katastrophe, in: t Staudacher, Anna (2009) Die alten jüdische Truppendienst, Bd. 4 (2009), S. 296-303. Kursive - Das Alphabet. Rituelle Namen in den t Angetter, Daniela (2009) 150 Jahre Schlacht bei Geburtenbüchern der IKG Wien. Maajan-Die Solferino (II) Eine humantiäre Katastrophe, in: Quelle. Zeitschrift für jüdische Familienforschung Truppendienst, Bd. 5 (2009), S. 392-394. 22 (88 September 2008), 3160-3164 174

Commission for Austrian Legal History

Head: Werner Ogris

Aims and Functions the Case Law Academy in Amsterdam (Nether- The Commission for Austrian Legal History (KRGÖ) lands). Besides its own research work, the KRGÖ is is researching the legal history of Austria and its organizing conferences and presentations, answering neighbouring countries in the larger context of the questions and enquiries and giving expert opinions. development of European law. Due to the history of As the only non-university research institute for legal Austria since the early Middle Ages, its focus has to history in Austria, it also serves as a centre of com-com-of be much wider than today’s Republic of Austria. The munication, cooperating with numerous national and commission strives to develop the long-established field international institutions. of legal history in the direction of a multi-disciplinary and independent science between legal and historical Results for 2008–2009 studies. Its research field includes medieval and modern As to the GAF6D25B152, in 2008 and 2009 three volumes legal history as well as contemporary legal history. were published. First, there was a publication on the This wide chronological framework is essential for the legal framework for the administration of an early investigation of fundamental, long-term processes. modern Grundherrschaft (Winkelbauer, Gundaker von Therefore, the KRGÖ’s field of interest transcends that Liechtenstein). The second volume was the edition of a of the Centre for Research on Modern and Contemporary land register of the late Middle Ages (Feigl/Stockinger, History (ZNZ), of which it forms a part. Maissau), the third, the forth volume of the Wiener Stadtbücher (Jaritz/Neschwara). The manuscript of The key issue of the KRGÖ is to provide editions of the first of two volumes of the edition of the so called legal sources, which are published in the series Fontes Protocollum Testamentorum of the town of Bratislava Iuris, section 3 of the Austrian Academy of Sciences has been completed, presenting about 450 burgher’s (ÖAW) series Fontes Rerum Austriacarum (FRA). Up testaments, dating from 1410 to 1529 (Judit Majorossy/ to now, only volumes about municipal statutes and Katalin Szende, Budapest). After the FWF’s grant for rural legal documents (e.g. land registers) have been printing costs, the book is to appear in print in 2010. The published. Over the last few years, however, new sorts same holds for the edition of the interrogation protocols of sources, such as testaments and court records, have of the famous robber, Johann Georg Grasel, (Winfried been included on the agenda. The KRGÖ’s editorial Platzgummer, Vienna), the printing costs of which are work provides basic research not only for legal history, meanwhile almost covered. Work has been started on but also for several neighbouring disciplines. manuscripts about last wills of noblewomen from Lower Austria (Beatrix Bastl, Vienna), about burgher’s testaments In addition to that, the KRGÖ is undertaking re- from Trnava (Adriana Švecová, Trnava) and about criminal search projects which contribute to long term research jurisdiction in the town of Wiener Neustadt (Helga Rist, focuses. These projects are conducted within national Wiener Neustadt). The new construction of the KRGÖ and international networks and mostly financed by since 2007, which allows the manuscripts to be revised by funding organizations (e.g. Austrian Science Fund, the KRGÖ’s own staff, has fully proved its worth. FWF). Currently, the KRGÖ is doing research into the Imperial Aulic Council (16th century to 1806), In May 2008, the KRGÖ’s application to the FWF for cooperating with the Austrian State Archives, the funding for the project Appeals to the Imperial Aulic Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (Germany) and Council (1519-1740) has been approved. Therefore, Commission for Austrian Legal History 175

Fig. 1: An illustration from the Sextus decretalium liber,W= Fig. 2: In the records of the Imperial Aulic Council, not only written doc- (('#- uments, but also drawings can be found. The picture intends to insult ((Qz)>>"> several members of the nobility in order to make them pay their debts. '^^D#z^Y>< the commission’s research focus on this important with the Hans Kelsen-Institute, has already been imperial institution, started in 2004 with a project on published (Hans Kelsen: Leben – Werk – Wirksamkeit). its formation phase – meanwhile completed – can be There have been contributions from Austria, the Czech followed up and a new member of staff can be taken on. Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland and the US. A In addition to that, work on the Imperial Aulic Council’s third conference, which took place in November 2009, records, carried through by the Academy of Sciences was initiated by the KRGÖ’s recent research work on in Göttingen (Germany) in cooperation with the last wills (Testamente aus der Habsburgermonarchie). Austrian State Archives and the KRGÖ, has continued. The first volume of a new finding aid developedby Research has also been done into the history of the the project has been published; two further volumes KRGÖ’s predecessor, the Kommission für die Savigny- have gone to press and are likely to appear in 2010. After Stiftung (1864-1995) – a research focus of the KRGÖ the London publisher Third Millennium Information recently adopted. Two essays have been published. (TMI) joined the partnership, the project of the Case Law Academy in Amsterdam (Netherlands) In addition to these activities, the head of the KRGÖ and to produce a highly prestigious volume on Europe’s its staff have answered enquiries, given expert opinions, Supreme Courts, conducted in cooperation with carried through research work and participated in numerous institutions all over Europe including the conferences in Austria and elsewhere (Ansbach, Berlin, KRGÖ, is in its decisive phase. Bratislava, Budapest, Göttingen, Granada, Lille, Luzern, Munich, Paris, Passau, Pécs, Prague, Stralsund, Trient, As to international conferences organized by the Wetzlar). Also, the KRGÖ has welcomed guests from KRGÖ, the symposium Die Habsburgermonarchie Chile, Hungary, Japan and Slovakia. auf dem Weg zum Rechtsstaat? in May 2008 has to be mentioned. The two-day symposium brought together Bibliography scientists from Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, t Gerhard Jaritz/Christian Neschwara, Die Wiener Hungary and Poland to discuss their findings. The Stadtbücher 1395-1430, vol. 4: 1412-1417 (Fontes conference has also been a new initiative of the long- Rerum Austriacarum, section 3: Fontes Iuris 10/4), standing co operation with the Hungarian Academy Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2009 of Sciences (MTA). An essay collection presenting t Helmuth Feigl/Thomas Stockinger, Die Urbare der the conference’s lectures is ready to be printed. The Herrschaften Maissau und Sonnberg anlässlich der proceedings of the second international conference of Teilung des Erbes nach Georg von Eckartsau im the KRGÖ in 2008-2009, a three-day symposium on Jahre 1497 (Fontes rerum Austriacarum, section Hans Kelsen in April 2009, organized in cooperation 3: Fontes Iuris 20), Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2008 176 Commission for Austrian Legal History

Kanzlei eines „Neufürsten“ in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts (Fontes rerum Austriaca- rum, section 3: Fontes Iuris 19), Vienna-Cologne- Weimar 2008 t Wolfgang Sellert/Eva Ortlieb (eds.), Die Akten des Kaiserlichen Reichshofrats, series I: Alte Prager Ak- ten, vol. 1: A-D, Berlin 2009 t Eva Ortlieb, „Das Prozessverfahren in der For- mierungsphase des Reichshofrats (1519-1564)“, in: Peter Oestmann (ed.), Zwischen Formstrenge und Billigkeit. Forschungen zum vormodernen Zi- vilprozess (Quellen und Forschungen zur höchs- ten Gerichtsbarkeit im Alten Reich 56), Cologne- Weimar-Vienna 2009, 117-138 t Robert Walter/Werner Ogris/Thomas Olechowski (eds.), Hans Kelsen: Leben – Werk – Wirksamkeit (Schrif- tenreihe des Hans Kelsen-Instituts 32), Vienna 2009 t Werner Ogris, „Hans Kelsen redivivus?“, in: Nova &Varia. Zeitschrift des Juristenverbandes 2009/1, 7-9 t Werner Ogris, „Zum Erscheinen von Band 125 der Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsge- schichte“, in: ZRG GA 125 (2008) XXXI-XLVIII; „Die Savigny-Stiftung 1863-??“, in: ibid. 126 *"+9(0Z">>((Z- (2009) XXXVI-XLVI QQZ(*)D t Werner Ogris/Thomas Olechowski,Elemente Eu- 0((9"+'VO ropäischer Rechtskultur. Prvky európskej právnej kultúry, 2 vols., 2nd edition, Bratislava-Vienna 2009 (1st edition 2005) t Thomas Winkelbauer, Gundaker von Liech- t Werner Ogris, “Bernhard Walther (1516-1584). tenstein als Grundherr in Niederösterreich und The Austrian jurisprudence in a strained connexion Mähren. Normative Quellen zur Verwaltung between customary law and ius commune”, in: und Bewirtschaftung eines Herrschaftskom- Serge Dauchy (ed.), At the roots of European legal plexes und zur Reglementierung des Lebens der culture. Cross-border influences of legal literature in Untertanen durch einen adeligen Grundherrn Early Modern Europe, Final Report to the European sowie zur Organisation des Hofstaats und der Science Foundation 2009 177

Social Sciences Research Centre (SSRC)

Vienna Institute of Demography

Head: Wolfgang Lutz

Aims and Functions The scientific results are published in the refereed Combining excellence in research with politically Vienna Yearbook of Population Research and other relevant research questions is the principle guiding all top-level series. research activities carried out by the VID’s international team of around 25 scientists. Results for 2008–2009 The presentation of VID’s scientific work is mainly The group working on the demography of Austria deals by research groups. In the demography of Austria the with population issues in the national and European focus is on analysing two longitudinal data sets, the context. Topics of interest are the structure and develop- Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe ment of the Austrian population, in particular its fertil- (SHARE) and the Generations and Gender Survey ity, ageing, mortality, and education. The group special- (GGS). First results of the GGS reveal surprisingly ising in comparative European demography focuses on high fertility intentions with two children on average. fertility, paying special attention to mothers’ rising age at The model of choice is the two-child-family while childbearing. Subjects of interest at the macro-level are 25% prefer having three children. One out of five comparative analyses of time series from various coun- women aged 40 will remain childless. SHARE-data tries in Europe. At the micro-level, the emphasis has were used to analyse grandparents’ dedication in been on fertility intentions and ideals. Policy-relevant is- childminding, social networking of the elderly, and sues of demographic change have been researched to ad- effects on cognitive functions and mental health. The vise the European Commission. The group dealing with gender gap in mortality was studied, using quantitative population dynamics and forecasting carries out ground- and qualitative data (“triangulation”) on causes of breaking work by advancing the methods of population death and behavioural effects. With a topical analysis forecasting and simulation of demographic processes. of Austria’s educational structure and projections of Its main fields of work include probabilistic forecasting, tertiary enrolment by 21 fields of study, an input for multi-state models, developing software for projections, university planning was delivered. and general theoretical concepts of population dynamics. The research on comparative European demography The population economics group studies the economic continued to concentrate on fertility and fertility in- consequences of ageing (both at population and tentions in a macro- and micro-perspective. Special individual level) in Europe, focusing on the impact on attention was given to reproductive decision-making the labour market, productivity and economic growth. that is of primary importance for the design of rele- Other areas of research include the use of age- and vant policies. This is the topic of an EU-funded project duration-specific models for population dynamics and (REPRO) coordinated by the VID. Other important demo-economic issues, as well as developing agent- findings show that in some European countries post- based models in demography. ponement of births has declined and period fertility levels have moderately increased since 2000. Research Emerging units are designated to strengthen the emphasises the significance of religion in having more VID’s capacities in research into health, morbidity than two children. Studies on the financial situation of and mortality as well as in the interface of education the elderly and of the baby-boom cohorts in Europe, as and demography. well as of the impact of the recent economic crisis on > )Y fertility, were designed specifically for the needs of the ences, and labour force projections for the G7 were EU in the project DemoNet. Of particular importance carried out. Another focus was to explain and project was the group’s activity in the construction and launch fertility dynamics using agent-based models that take of the Human Fertility Database. into account social interaction and network structures. Also the role of stepfamilies for completed fertility was As to population dynamics and forecasting, methods investigated combining the tools of event-history mod- for mortality projection were further improved, includ- elling and micro-simulation. ing probabilistic procedures. Demographic potentials’ theory was advanced and used for models of general dy- The studies on morbidity and mortality dealt with perti- namic populations and population momentum. Also, a nent differentials, including the impact of biological fac- general theory of tempo-distortions of demographic in- tors on male excess mortality, regional mortality in Eu- dicators was developed. Several sets of probabilistic and rope, and the estimation of life expectancy by education conventional population projections were produced and occupation. For the latter, a technique of indirect for most European countries. Methodological work estimation of adult mortality from survey information on forecasting population with severe activity limita- was extended for application in developed countries. tions was conducted. New indicators of age and ageing Furthermore, estimates for tempo-adjusted life expect- were introduced, leading to new results on global and ancy for 41 countries were provided, showing that tempo regional ageing that demonstrated the acceleration of effects and their adjustment can have significant impacts global ageing in the next 2-3 decades. The multi-state on the interpretation of period mortality. methodology was applied to the future educational composition of the population in 120 countries and its Bibliography impact on future societies, as well as for projecting the t Lutz, W., W. Sanderson, and S. Scherbov. 2008. religious landscape of some developed countries. “The coming acceleration of global population ageing.” Nature 451: 716-719. doi: 10.1038/ Population ageing and its implications for economic nature06516 growth, the labour market, agglomeration forces of t Lutz, W., Crespo Cuaresma, J., and Sanderson, W. industry locations, and the age structure of learned 2008. “The demography of educational attainment societies has been a key focus of research in popula- and economic growth.” Science 319: 1047-1048. tion economics. By applying the formal tools of dynamic doi: 10.1126/science.1151753 optimization (adding age to the time variable), opti- t Lutz, W. 2009. Sola schola et sanitate: human capital mal age-specific policies for key decision variables (e.g. as the root cause and priority for international hiring of employees, investment in human capital and development? Philosophical Transactions of the health, etc.) at the individual and firm level could be Royal Society B 364: 3031-3047. doi: 10.1098/ derived. In parallel, empirical studies on the link be- rstb.2009.0156 tween the age structure and productivity at the firm t Prskawetz, A., Bloom, D. E. and Lutz, W. (eds.) level, the age dynamics of European academies of sci- 2008. “Population Aging, Human Capital

Fig. 1: Indented average number of children of women and men by age Fig. 2: Percent of European population living in countries with a given level D+D(!9(8QQD>!< **D+D( )Y <

*"+%0WW#D+!V!

Accumulation, and Productivity Growth”. external cause mortality”, Journal of Biosocial Supplement to Population and Development Review Science 41(6): 831-844. 34. http://www.popcouncil.org/mediacenter/ t Buber, I. and H. Engelhardt. 2008. “Children’s impact newsreleases/pdrsupp34.html on the mental health of their older mothers and t J. R. Goldstein, T. Sobotka, and A. Jasilioniene. fathers: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing 2009, The end of „lowest-low“ fertility? Population and Retirement in Europe.” European Journal of Ageing and Development Review 35(4): 663-699. 5(1): 31-45. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-008-0074-8 t Ediev D. M. 2009. On the definition of the t D. Philipov. 2009, Fertility intentions and outcomes: reproductive value: response to the discussion by the role of policies to close the gap, European Journal Bacar and Abdurahman. Journal of Mathematical of Population, 25(4), pp 355-361. Biology, 651-657. doi: 10.1007/s00285-008-0246-3. t Winkler-Dworak, M. 2008. The Low Mortality of t Luy, Marc, 2009: “Unnatural deaths among nuns a Learned Society. European Journal of Population and monks: the biological force behind male (24)4, 405-424. >

Institute for European Integration Research

Head: Gerda Falkner

Aims and Functions t Our journal “European Integration Online Pa- The Institute for European Integration Research (EIF) pers” was included in the Social Sciences Citation is Austria’s only political science institute dedicated to Index, the list of leading peer-reviewed journals basic research in the field of European integration. In this worldwide. capacity, we also assist in coordinating EU-related research t The EIF’s “Living Reviews in European Gover- and activities in Austria and beyond. We cooperate with nance” was selected for the 2009 Awards for Euro- partner institutes nationally and internationally and edit pean Information Sources by the European Infor- two peer-reviewed journals published in the English mation Association, London. language. Political science is our disciplinary basis and, t Emmanuel Sigalas was awarded the “Theseus depending on the research in question, we also engage in Award for Promising Research on European Inte- cooperation of an interdisciplinary nature. gration 2009” in Berlin and the “Lord Bryce Prize for the best thesis in the field of international rela- In 2008, the Austrian Academy of Sciences initiated a tions and comparative studies” in the UK. reform of the EIF; our research programme now focuses t Gerda Falkner and Oliver Treib received the prize on variable-based analysis and comparison of EU policy for best article published in 2008 in the “Journal of areas. This includes the direct and indirect effects of EU Common Market Studies”, considered the most pres- policy on both the national and global levels. Specifi- tigious journal in the field of European integration. cally, we analyse the EU’s competences and regulatory output with regard to its problem-solving capacities. Present-day political science is facing major challenges: Our ambition is to further theories of political steering a) undue growth of publications with diminishing in- in multi-level systems, with the EU as the case in hand. novation; b) over-specialisation on specific issues, use of quantitative vs. qualitative methods and theoretical The question of how to prevent decision-making fail- views; and c) growing economic hurdles to the availa- ures in multi-level political systems is of preeminent bility of publications for researchers. This situation ne- political importance both in Europe and globally. At cessitates a bridging of the divides, and EIF’s activities the same time, Austria’s political system has under- hence strive for excellence in terms of both innovation gone fundamental changes since accession to the EU and consolidation of research. in 1995. This will continue as a consequence of the mounting need for problem-solving efficiency on both For example, EIF collaborative research projects in- the European and global levels. The EIF’s research is volving the entire team and, where suitable, also ex- therefore indispensable to the advancement of political ternal experts, combine cumulativeness of research and societal information and training expertise, as well on core issues of European integration research with as for Austria’s academic integration in the world. progress in terms of empirical and theoretical analysis. In 2008, the first such project covered the effects of the Results for 2008–2009 EU’s Lisbon Treaty on different policy areas. During During the first two years following the reform of the 2009 and 2010, our focus has been on exit strategies EIF, a steep increase in top-quality publications within from the EU’s “Joint-Decision Trap”, which arises from the Social Sciences Citation Index was achieved and unanimity requirements and intergovernmentalism. five honours were collected: Another example is our journal “Living Reviews in Eu- Institute for European Integration Research >

*+*DO@)*@RZY ropean Governance”, associated with the German Max for the European Parliament, governments) where suit- Planck Society. It solicits reviews on crucial sub-fields able; working papers (online); academic articles and of EU studies by high-ranking international research- books with international peer-reviewed outlets. We ers. These texts condense knowledge of a specific area offer public lectures not only for academics but also and transcend state-of-the-art research in EU studies in schools and adult training institutions, and teach by highlighting controversies and consensus, as well at various universities. In short, we speak to both the as indicating avenues for further research. They hence academic community and the broader public interested offer orientation in an increasingly complex research in EU studies, including the government, EU institu- field, also for graduate teaching purposes, and are freely tions, the media and research funds. available on the internet (as are our other peer-reviewed journal and working paper series). Bibliography t Falkner, Gerda; Treib, Oliver (2008) Three Worlds The EIF also helps to coordinate EU-related research and of Compliance or Four? The EU15 Compared to activities in Austria and beyond. Alongside extensive co- New Member States. Journal of Common Market operation on various projects (including partners from, Studies (Vol. 46 No. 2), pp. 293-314 (SSCI-journal). inter alia, the LSE and the ETH Zürich), functions in var- t Pollak, Johannes; Slominski, Peter (2009) Ex- ious national and international associations and boards, perimentalist but not Accountable Govern- the EIF has been active in a number of prominent EU re- ance? The Role of Frontex in Managing the search consortia, and in 2008 was successful in a compet- EU’s Borders, in West European Politics (Vol. itive call to join another (RECON, coordinated in Oslo). 32 No. 5), pp. 904 – 924 (SSCI-journal). t Trauner, Florian (2009) From membership condition- Finally, the EIF pursues a broad strategy of informa- ality to policy conditionality: EU external governance tion dissemination, including an elaborate website in in South Eastern Europe; Journal of European Pub- German and English; a newsletter; policy papers (e.g. lic Policy (Vol.16 No.5), pp. 774-790 (SSCI-journal). > Institute for European Integration Research

*+@)*V@RZY t Falkner, Gerda; Treib, Oliver; Holzleithner, Elisabeth and French Social Policy. Aldershot et al.: Ashgate. (2008) Compliance in the Enlarged European Union: t Alecu de Flers, Nicole (2008) Strategisches Han- Living Rights or Dead Letters? Aldershot et al.: Ashgate. deln oder Sozialisierung? Zur Europäisierung iri- t Trauner, Florian; Kruse, Imke (2008) EC visa scher und österreichischer Außenpolitik und ihren facilitation and readmission agreements: a new Grenzen. Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheits- standard EU foreign policy tool? European politik (Vol. 1 Nr. 1), S. 96-116. Journal of Migration and Law, (Vol 10 No. 1) t Falkner, Gerda (2009) The EU’s Social Dimension, pp. 411-438 (SSCI-journal). in: Michelle Cini (ed.) European Union Politics, pp. t Falkner, Gerda; Hartlapp, Miriam (2009) Prob- 276-290. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009. lems of Operationalization and Data in EU Com- t Alecu de Flers, Nicole (2009) A ‘Militarisation’ of pliance Research. European Union Politics (Vol. the EU? The EU as a Global Actor and Neutral 10 No. 2), pp. 281-304 (SSCI-journal). Member States. In: Laursen, Finn, ed. The EU as t Obermaier, Andreas (2009) The End of Territorial- a Foreign and Security Policy Actor. Dordrecht: ity? The Impact of ECJ Rulings on British, German Republic of Letters Publishing, pp. 301-318. >"

Institute for European Tort Law

Head: Ken Oliphant (until 31.03.2008: Helmut Koziol)

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The institute was founded in 2002 with Prof. Helmut After the “Principles”, complete with commentary, had Koziol as its director until 2008; he was succeeded in been presented and debated at numerous international 2009 by Prof. Ken Oliphant. The institute conducts conferences, work was begun on their revision in comparative law projects in the field of tort law, whereby 2009; such as to incorporate the insights gained in the the focus is on European legal systems. Its primary discussion process thus far. aim is to contribute to the further development and harmonisation of tort law in Europe by means of basic In cooperation with ECTIL the institute organised the research on a comparative law basis. In this context there Annual Conference on European Tort Law in 2008 is close organisational and also scientific cooperation and 2009, this being already the seventh and eighth with the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law time respectively. At this conference, legal scholars (ECTIL), a private association based in Vienna. from the member states of the EU report on national developments in their respective tort law. All of the Without exception, the institute’s projects are carried presentations are documented in conference volumes, out on an international basis with the involvement of which have already appeared for 2008 and 2009. leading academics and practitioners from the EU – but often also beyond its borders. Inspired by topical academic debate, the institute conducted a comprehensive comparative law A core function of the institute is to support the “Euro- investigation of punitive damages. This included pean Group on Tort Law” in the elaboration of a draft comparative reports from England, South Africa, of “Principles of European Tort Law”. Both the director France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Scandinavian and the deputy directors (Prof. Koziol and Prof. Bern- countries, the USA, and the applicable European hard A. Koch, University of Innsbruck) are members of law as well as contributions from the perspective of this working group, which aims to lay the foundations “law and economics” and of insurance law. The results for the harmonisation of European tort law by means of were presented in November 2008 at an international comparative law analyses. The “Principles” should pro- conference in Vienna chaired by Sir Henry Brooke, a vide a stimulus for academics and practitioners alike and former chairman of the Law Commission of England may also serve as a guide for the development of national and Wales, and Prof. Ken Oliphant, the presiding laws. As the regulation of tort law issues at community director of the institute, and published in book level is at present merely scattered and therefore some- form in 2009. times contradictory, a harmonised concept reflecting the principles of European tort law would seem to make sense. The thematisation of socially relevant issues by mass media and their special place in a legal sense, in particular The first draft of the “Principles” was presented at an their “public role” and regulation, formed the subject international conference in Vienna in 2005 and pub- of two conferences organised at the Austrian Academy lished with an extensive commentary in book form. In of Sciences (in October 2008 and November 2009) the meantime, the “Principles” have been translated into under the heading “Media and Law”. After pertinent 15 languages. The institute’s projects have also led to presentations from the legal and communication science an impressive series of publications – about 40 in total. perspectives as well as from the journalistic point of view, >= Institute for European Tort Law

The research findings up until now were presented and discussed at a well-attended international conference in December 2009, organised by the Institute.

In 2008, the first follow-up project within the framework of the large scale study “National Court Practice and European Tort Law” was commenced. Here too, using the same scientific methodology as in the pilot project, case material on the concept of damage at the heart of liability law is collected, edited, systemised and annotated. Apart from the systematic arrangement of the material, the study also offers detailed annotation from both the national tort law angles and from an historical and comparative law point of view. The project is being carried out by the institute in cooperation with Prof. Fig. 1: Library of the Institute Bénédict Winiger (University of Geneva), a leading academic in the field of comparative law and history of law, and Prof. Reinhard Zimmermann, Director distinguished panellists discussed the topics “public duty of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and and duty to truth in reporting” and “regulation of media International Private Law (Hamburg). Corresponding reporting” respectively. follow-up projects are planned for future years.

In 2008, the results of the study on “liability in case of Bibliography damage due to the admixture of genetically modified t H. Koziol/R. Schulze (eds.), Tort Law of the Euro- organisms (GMOs) in non-genetically modified pean Community (2008), ISBN 978-3-211-77585-1 crops” were published. This study was conducted for t B. A. Koch (ed.), Economic Loss Caused by Gene- the European Commission (Directorate-General for tically Modified Organisms. Liability and Redress Agriculture and Rural Development), which wants to for the Adventitious Presence of GMOs in Non- draw on it for assistance with the legal approach to GM Crops (2008), ISBN 978-3-211-77987-3 agricultural use of genetically modified organisms. t M. Faure/H. Koziol/S. Puntscher-Riekmann (eds.), Vereintes Europa – Vereinheitlichtes Recht?, Die Furthermore, work on the research project “Human Rechtsvereinheitlichung aus rechtsökonomischer, Rights and Tort Law” was continued. The aim of this study privatrechtlicher und politikwissenschaftlicher is systematically to collect the case-law of the European Sicht (2008), ISBN 978-3-7001-6047-2. Court of Human Rights on questions of conditions t H. Koziol/V. Wilcox (eds.), Punitive Damages: for liability when fundamental rights are violated and Common Law and Civil Law Perspectives (2009), to analyse it from a dogmatic and comparative law ISBN 978-211-92210-1 perspective. In particular, the discussion focuses on t Yearbook: H. Koziol/B. C. Steininger (eds.), Euro- the principles that have been developed by the court pean Tort Law 2003 – 2008 (2004-2009), ISBN with respect to issues like causation, types of damage, 3-211-21033-4; 3-211-24479-4; 3-211-31135-1; assessment of damages and contributory negligence. 978-3-211-70937-5; 978-3-211-77991-0 These topics are examined on the basis of a comprehensive t K. Oliphant (ed.), Aggregation and Divisibility of evaluation of the decisions as well as pertinent literature. Damage (2009), ISBN 978-3-211-92208-8 >W

Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment

Head: Axel Borsdorf

Aims and Functions 2. A global comparison of the effects of climate change on The Institute of Mountain Research: Man & mountain ecosystems (focus on alpine/nival biota) Environment is committed to studying the relationship Research into the effects is hampered by a lack of long- between humans and the environment in mountain term ecologic monitoring series. It is essential to build areas across the globe against the background of up long-term monitoring systems. In its contribution, global change (climate change, globalization). We the IGF is focusing on mountain ecosystems because are investigating this relationship in cooperation Austria as a mountainous country provides excellent with international partners and across disciplinary conditions and is already a global player in monitoring boundaries. The findings are not only relevant for (cooperation project Austrian Academy of Sciences/ basic research but also for creating development and University of Vienna – The Global Observation adaptation strategies. Initiative in Alpine Environments; www.gloria.ac.at).

The IGF aims to position itself as the Austrian con- 3. Analysing the processes and effects of global change on tact for mountain research programmes witzin the society in settlements and economic areas relevant UN programmes and is pursuing the stra- In high mountain areas, economic, political and cultural tegic goal of becoming a leading mountain research globalization, plus the demographic changes associated institute integrated into European and global net- with global change have encountered hitherto inward- works. The location of the institute in Innsbruck is a looking areas with a rather traditional orientation. We distinct advantage as this is where research and com- may expect that, as a result of climate change, natural petence clusters of university departments and private hazards will intensify but also that new utilization industry (SMEs, spin-offs) have already emerged. opportunities may emerge. Such processes need to be studied, assessed and future trends forecast. At the IGF, The medium- and long-term research fields of the we also provide the scientific basis for sustainable spatial IGF include: development processes in mountain areas.

1. Effects of climate and land-use change Results for 2008–2009 on permafrost and soils The thawing processes in permafrost are interesting, Concerning 1. both in terms of the intensification of morphodynamic In summer 2008, as part of a PhD thesis, a weather processes and their impact even in lower-lying areas, station was erected on Schrankar in the Stubai Alps. In and as indicators of cryospheric changes. addition, temperature loggers have been measuring the soil temperature since 2008. In 2009, more loggers were Abiotic, biotic and socio-economic spheres converge added. These continuous measurings will be correlated in soils. This makes them significant archives of to the basis temperature of snow packs, manually landscape changes. At the same time they are measured in late-winter 2009 and 2010. exposed to severe utilization pressures and require efficient protection measures if they are to retain As part of a PhD thesis, data capture has started on their manifold functions as laid down in the soil soil erosion that takes the form of patches of open protection protocol of the Alpine Convention. ground (“Blaiken”) in different test areas across the >X Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment

The modellingstudy study on on climateclimate gradientsgradients andand diver-diversity change (migration-induced increases and losses) in European mountain areas and another study on diversity in relation to the exposition of alpine locations will be submitted in the near future.

On methods, the IGF focused on capturing variability in land-cover studies of species and on fine-tuning field methods for repeat surveys. These test surveys are a vital component in assessing the observer variability within the pan-European GLORIA records. Of the biodiversity indicators, the development of an indicator for climate- induced diversity changes in the alpine vegetation in Eu- rope is nearing completion. The indicators were developed within the EU SEBI process (Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators) in cooperation with the European Environment Agency (Copenhagen) and the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (Paris).

Concerning 3. Members of the IGF have fine-tuned and updated the alpine information system GALPIS. *+;9Q)8; An innovative textbook on geoinformation technology Site Schrankogel, Stubai Alps, Tyrol, AT. Photograph: Christian Klettner in cultural landscape research was planned, implemented and published with a well-known international press (Taylor & Francis Group). It includes a demonstration of Alps. Cooperation with colleagues from the University the landscape analysis concept developed by O. Bender of Innsbruck on the interdisciplinary interface between as part of the COST A27 subproject “Assessment and archaeology, geoinformatics and soil science has revalorization of traditional cultural landscapes” which been intensified. has been successfully tested in upland regions.

Concerning 2. 2008 saw the publication with Springer of “Mapping the We succeeded in expanding the GLORIA programme Alps”, an atlas with comments in five languages. Here, (www.gloria.ac.at) from 54 to 76 monitoring areas. for the first time, harmonized records have been mapped The University of Vienna and the IGF have taken onto the entire alpine arc. IGF staff took a decisive role on the coordination and central data maintenance of in producing this atlas. Studies on sustainable regional this global research network. Results of the GLORIA development in different regions in the Alps and the An- programme have been published in a book (Oxford des were continued and used to develop strategies fur- University Press) and in numerous other publications. ther. Three PhD theses resulted from this work. In the year 2009 alone, these were presented at six international conferences. Additional activities that cannot be allocated to specific fields of research but rather support all three fields: For the alpine zone of the Alps, vegetation and climate Work in the research networks MRI Europe and data were compared for the first time with data from Science for the Carpathians (S4C) continued and a 10 years before. This comparison showed a climate- new network of South Eastern European Mountain induced decrease of species (published in the journal Research (SEEmore) was started. All three networks Global Change Biology). Using the pan-European organized international conferences (Slovakia, GLORIA records, the Vienna group of the IGF anal- Bulgaria, Austria). ysed occurrence patterns of alpine plant species on a highly differentiated scale in terms of competition 2009 saw the publication of the first two issues of a new and mutual support between species along a climate journal edited by the IGF eco.mont – Journal on Protected stress gradient (published in the Journal of Ecology). Mountain Areas Research. The journal is available in a Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment >

t Keller, L. 2008: Lebensqualität im Alpenraum. Innsbrucker Geographische Studien. Innsbruck. t Jandl, R., A. Borsdorf, R. Miegroet & R. Psenner (eds.) 2009: Global Change and Sustainable De- velopment in Mountain Regions. Alpine Space – Man and Environment. Innsbruck. t Nagy, L. & G. Grabherrr 2009: The Biology of Al- pine Habitats. Oxford: Oxford University Press. t Tappeiner, U., A. Borsdorf & E. Tasser (eds.) 2008: Mapping the Alps. Alpenatlas. Heidelberg: Spekt- rum Akademischer Verlag/Springer.

Artikel in indexed journals t Borsdorf, A. & R. Hidalgo 2008: New dimension of social exclusion in Latinamerica. Land Use Pol- icy 25, 2: 153-160. t Borsdorf, A. & R. Hidalgo 2009: Searching for fresh air, tranquillity and rural culture in the mountains. A new lifestyle for the Chileans? Die ERDE 140,3:275-292 *+|+)<( t Grabherr, G. 2009: Biodiversity in the high ranges of snow pack is captured at the Schankar as indicator of the presence of permafrost. For the researchers this means staying out overnight in of the Alps: Ehtnobotanical and climate change ice and snow. Photograph: Matthias Monreal, IGF perspectives. Global Environmental Change 19: 167-172. full colour printed version (innsbruck university press) t Holzinger, B., K. Hülber, M. Camenisch & G. and as an e-journal (Austrian Academy Press) and was Grabherr 2008: Changes in plant species richness very well received by the scientific community. The IGF over the last centruy in the Eastern Swiss Alps. was involved in organizing an international symposium Plant Ecology 195, 2: 179-196. on research in protected mountain areas. t Schmitt, M. 2008: Ein klarer innerer Trib zur Wissenschaft. Pionierinnen in Agrarstudium und The institute succeeded in getting the EU project mountain. Agrarforschung. Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte TRIP approved within the 7th framework programme. und Agrarsoziologie 56, 1:49-63. The IGF heads the project which aims to develop strategies for sustainable regional development in all European mountain regions and to prepare them for application.

Highlights included presenting IGF research as keynotes at international conferences in Vienna, Bratislava, Santiago de Chile and Matsumoto (Japan). A PhD thesis finished in 2008 on the quality of life in the Alps was awarded the Hans Bobek Prize. This was the second time in the short history of the institute that members received one of the highest accolades for geographers in the German-speaking countries.

Bibliography

Books Fig. 3: Mapping the Alps: The map shows the demographic change in t Bender, O., N. Evelpidou, A. Krek & A. Vassilo- 8<<)( those areas of immigration by amenity migrants and suburban popula- poulos (eds.): 2009: Geoinformation Technologies D+89 for Geocultural Landscapes: European Perspec- & E. Tasser: Alpenatlas. Mapping the Alps. Heidelberg: Spektrum Aka- tives. Leiden: Taylor and Francis. !D> >>

Commission for Migration and Integration Research

Head: Heinz Fassmann

Aims and Functions critical size. Indeed, Austrian research on migration and The Commission for Migration and Integration integration is carried out by small units often financed Research (KMI) serves as an interdisciplinary platform by third-party funding. This has a negative effect not for integrating Austrian research on migration and only on basic research but also on interdisciplinary for linking this research to the international scientific cooperation both within Austria and with institutions community. That means that the KMI is not a research abroad. At the same time, our study shows that Austrian institution in the strict sense of this term but mainly research on migration and integration has reached a aims to bring together migration researchers from high level of internationalisation. Many researchers different disciplinary back grounds. Like other complex have been successful in becoming involved in European fields, migration and integration research has become research projects. Our study recommends increasing increasingly specialised and divided. Several disciplines, institutionalisation in this socially relevant research area such as sociology, geography, political science, cultural and that has a promising scientific future. social anthropology, law as well as linguistics and literary studies deal with different aspects of this field. The KMI The European network of excellence IMISCOE facilitates the exchange of information and cooperation The participation in the European network of across disciplinary boundaries. It aims to counterbalance excellence IMISCOE guarantees the international the weak institutionalisation in this research field by visibility of the KMI. Established in April 2004, systematically supporting the establishment of networks. IMISCOE aims to integrate migration research in The KMI acts across institutional borders on behalf of all Europe and to foster new international research Austrian migration and integration researchers and links initiatives. The network brings together 23 established their work to an international research network. research institutes from 13 European countries with more than 300 established migration experts and 100 Results for 2008–2009 PhD students, including nine researchers based at the In the reporting period, the activities of the Commission for Austrian Academy of Sciences. Migration and Integration Research focused on three areas. IMISCOE is organised in nine thematically differentiated Study on migration and integration research in Austria clusters, two of which are coordinated by members of On behalf of the Federal Ministry of Science and the KMI: Heinz Fassmann is responsible for Cluster A1 Research (BMWF), the KMI carried out a study on “International Migration and its Regulation”, Rainer dealing with the institutional and financial situation Bauböck for Cluster B3 on “Legal Status, Citizenship and the issues currently discussed in Austrian research and Political Mobilisation”. The KMI supports the two on migration and integration. The results of this study cluster leaders by organising international workshops, show that, unlike in other countries, there is no major editing joint books and publications, initiating research institution in Austria that has the visibility and the proposals and dealing with the complex financial personnel to attract all major questions arising in this administration of this European project. research area. That is why these questions are taken up by existing university and non-university research In the framework of these two clusters, the KMI institutes. However, the number of people dealing with organised six conferences in Leipzig, Edinburgh, these questions within these institutes is far below a Florence, Budapest, Malmö and Liège and six Commission for Migration and Integration Research >< workshops for the annual IMISCOE conferences t Fassmann, Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wieb- held in Bilbao and Stockholm. Topics included the ke (eds.) Statistics and Reality: Concepts and meas- changing migration flows after the enlargement of urements of migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009. the EU in 2004 and 2007, the basic instruments and t Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Unterwurz- aims of migration control, migration flows between acher, Anne, Migration – Interkulturalität – Mehr- the EU and Turkey, China and India as well as issues sprachigkeit, in: Specht, Werner (ed.) Nationaler arising within the field of national and supranational Bildungsbericht Österreich, Wien 2009, 161-182. citizenship in a changing social context. t Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Gapp, Patrizia, Unterwurzacher, Anne, Österreichische Schü- The integration of Austrian migration research lerInnen mit Migrationshintergrund, in: Suchàn, A central and permanent task of the KMI is to integrate Birgit, Wallner-Paschon, Christina, Schreiner, the Austrian scientific community involved in migration Claudia (eds.) Lesekompetenzen in der Grund- and integration research. To fulfil this aim, the KMI, schule. Österreichischer Expertenbericht, Graz, together with various other institutions, organised two 2009, 53-65. public lectures, two workshops (dealing with migration t Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Jenseits in- and integration reporting and international student dividueller Charakteristiken - welche Bedeutung mobility), one debate on the democratising potential haben gesellschaftliche Strukturen für den Bil- of EU citizenship and one conference dealing with dungserfolg von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit negative images of immigrants. Moreover, the KMI Migrationshintergrund?, in: Schreiner, Claudia, published four working papers on its website, hosted Schwantner, Ursula (eds.) PISA 2006. Österreichi- three guest researchers and sent about 45 newsletters scher Expertenbericht zum Naturwissenschafts- to more than 320 subscribers informing them about Schwerpunkt, Graz 2009, 159-166. current research projects, seminars, calls for papers t Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke, Statistics and and job vacancies. migration: past, present and future, in: Fassmann, Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Sta- Bibliography tistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of t Bauböck, Rainer, Perchinig, Bernhard, Sievers, Migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009, 297-312. Wiebke (eds.) Citizenship Policies in the New Eu- t Sievers, Wiebke, Writing politics: the emergence rope, 2. erweiterte Ausgabe, Amsterdam 2009. of immigrant writing in West Germany and Aus- t Fassmann, Heinz, European Migration: Historical tria, in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Overview and Statistical Problems, in: Fassmann, 38 (2008) 1217-1235. Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Sta- t Sievers, Wiebke, ‘A call to kinship’? Citizenship tistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of and migration in the new Member States and Migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009, 21-44. the accession countries of the EU, in: Bauböck, t Fassmann, Heinz, Haller, Max, Lane, David Rainer, Perchinig, Bernhard, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) (eds.) Migration and Mobility in Europe - Trends, Citizenship Policies in the New Europe, Amsterdam Patterns and Control, Cheltenham 2009. 2009, 439-457. <

Institute for Urban and Regional Research

Head: Heinz Fassmann

Aims and Functions development of the Viennese city region and has pub- The scientific aim of the ISR consists of the lished an “Atlas of the Growing City Region”. Thereby documentation, analysis and interpretation of it becomes clear that the growth is neither following a disparities of society and spatial use on the regional level simple central-periphery pattern nor is it limited to the as well as between and within cities. These disparities dominant axes of settlement and traffic. Increasingly are interpreted as results of societal action in a given the interstitial between the axes will be filled up with political system and analyzed from an interdisciplinary population if the communities offer land for building and international, comparative perspective. In the case at reasonable prices. The “Atlas of the Growing City of ISR, the spatial main areas of urban and regional Region” documents furthermore which social and eth- research are Vienna, Austria and Europe. The intended nic groups are part of the suburbanization process, how research is basic by nature and initially has no direct much the urban fringe has taken over economic func- connection to planning-related utilization. tions and where the future growth will happen. The atlas is the basis for a planning concept which will be Despite the orientation towards basic research, the tasks elaborated by the three neighboring federal states Vi- of the ISR are always embedded in the subject-specific enna, Lower Austria and Burgenland. as well as the overall societal discourse. While questions like the methodical, coordinated remedy of war damages Another important result of the institute’s work is rep- stood in the centre at the foundation of the predecessor resented by the book publication “Statistics and Real- institution, the Commission for Spatial Research and ity Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Eu- Reconstruction, in 1946, a National Atlas was worked rope” (edited by Heinz Fassmann, Ursula Reeger and out as a symbol for the new Austria after the recovery of Wiebke Sievers, published at Amsterdam University national independence in 1955. Press), that presents different concepts of statistical coverage of immigration and emigration in the mem- After Austria’s accession to the EU in 1995, questions re- ber states of the EU in a systematic way. This question lated to international comparison, competitiveness and is important, because politics plans and develops com- internationalization on different levels gained impor- mon concepts and does so against the background of tance. Themes like the development potential of Euro- data whose basis is hardly comparable. pean metropolitan areas, culture as a location factor in a globalized world or the relevance of international immi- Some countries define international migrants as per- gration for European urban development are expressions sons, who have been living in the target country for at of these changing political framework conditions. least three months; other countries take one year as the limit to define somebody as an international migrant. Results for 2008–2009 For the given time period, the following research But there are also countries that do not ask for the ac- results can be pointed out. tual duration of residence but are only interested in the intention to stay or not, which means something com- The Institute for Urban and Regional Research has pletely different. Some countries use the actual pop- documented and analyzed by order of the Planungs- ulation register as the basis for counting; others take gemeinschaft Ost the demographic and economic the census or a small sample of persons entering the )( <

East-Central European countries to develop comprehensive concepts how to preserve, renovate and mod- ernize these estates.

Bibliography t Fassmann, Heinz: Stadtgeographie I. Allgemeine Stadtgeographie. Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig 2009, 2. neu bearbeitete Auflage t Fassmann Heinz, Ursula Reeger and Wiebke Sievers (eds.) Statistics and Reality – Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe. IMISCOE Reports, Amsterdam 2009 t Peter GÖRGL: Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia? Der Wohnpark Fontana. Eine sozialgeographische Studie. Wiesbaden, VS-Verlag *+|((+/V+ 2008. 258 S. ISBN 3-5311-5775-2 (VS) ()D t Peter Jordan: Place names as ingredients of space- and Art in cooperation with the Commission for Migration and Inte- (*+@ related identity. In: JORDAN, P.; BERGMANN, @Q@D(#)(!/ 9( H.; CHEETHAM, C.; HAUSNER, I. (Ed.): 9O))@@#VQ Geographical Names as a Part of the Cultural !8V9(@^ Heritage. Wien 2009 = Wiener Schriften *8%V#^( zur Geographie und Kartographie, Bd. 18, S. 33–39. country in a certain period of time. Emigration is also t Josef KOHLBACHER und Ursula REEGER. dealt with in various ways: some countries maintain Staatsbürgerschaftsbonus beim Wohnen? Eine detailed emigration statistics; others are not interested empirische Analyse der Unterschiede zwischen in emigration at all from the statistical point of view. It eingebürgerten und nichteingebürgerten is remarkable how unsatisfying the European data ba- Zuwanderern/-innen hinsichtlich ihrer sis is and it is also fascinating, how close the statistical Wohnsituation in Wien. 2008, 76 S. ISBN coverage is interwoven with the concepts of statehood. 3-7001-6512-5 Finally and as the third research result, the book t Josef KOHLBACHER and Ursula REEGER “Prefabricated Housing Estates: Rehabilitation of Residential segregation, housing market and the building culture heritage in Vienna and Bratis- immigrants. In: M. L. Fonseca & J. Malheiros lava” has to be emphasized. The attractive and well (eds.) Social Integration & Mobility: Education, equipped volume has been published by the renowned Housing & Health. Lisbon: 20–48Josef KOHL- specialist publisher Fraunhofer IRB und marks a pre- BACHER und Ursula REEGER: Die Dynamik liminary final point of a research project that has been ethnischer Wohnviertel in Wien – Resultate going on for many years and did not only cover the einer Gebäudeerhebung 1981 und 2005. Mit- past of prefabricated housing, but also took into con- teilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen sideration constructional, financial and social meas- Gesellschaft 149: 7–28. ures as to how prefabricated housing can be turned t Vera Kapeller (Ed.): Plattenbausiedlungen . Er- into a modern utilisation structure. neuerung des baukulturellen Erbes in Wien und Bratislava. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 254 S. ISBN The analysis of prefabricated housing clearly shows 978-3-8167-7665-9. that the prejudices about the inhospitability of these t Musil, Robert: Global Capital Control and City estates does not hold true in such a general way. Some Hierarchies. An Attempt to Reposition Vienna in a prefabricated buildings and estates display a consider- World City Network. Cities 26, 5: 256–266. able urban building quality that is often confirmed by t Rohn, Walter: Kultur und Peripherie – zu den the inhabitants. Furthermore, independently and due gesellschaftlichen Funktionen von Kulturinitiativen to their quantitative importance, it turns out to be für die Entwicklung der Wiener Außenbezirke. In: inevitable for the housing supply in many Eastern and SWS-Rundschau 47, 3: 321–342. <

Commission for Comparative Media and Com munication Studies

Head: Herbert Matis

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Commission for Comparative Media and With its analysis of the structural changes to the Austrian Communication Studies is the only independent non- press since the late 19th century, the commission has university media research institute in Austria. The positioned itself well internationally. This has resulted commission deals with the role of the media in political in invitations to get involved in several international communication, which has played a decisive role in the research projects such as “European Newspaper communication of political content since the emergence Markets” and “Worlds of Journalisms”. The aim of of the mass press in the late 19th century. Not only do the rather unique “Worlds of Journalisms” project is mass media raise awareness of certain themes, they also to explore the global diversity of journalism cultures interpret societal events and processes and, as a result, using a consistent methodology across all countries. shape the prevailing values and standards. The lesser There are research teams from 22 countries and all five the opportunity for individual primary experience in continents participating in the study. an increasingly complex world, the greater the media’s power to shape public awareness through their selection The Austrian study is led by J. Seethaler and is funded and interpretation of the issues. by the City of Vienna. First results published in German and US journals indicate media political and media law The commission’s work in this area covers both the struc- influences on the degree of validity of journalistic values tural and cultural dimension as well as the interplay be- (such as impartiality, objectivity and critical evaluation), tween communication and political science which occurs cultural differences in the manner of professionalism, in political communication research. The structural di- but also cross-cultural change processes towards western mension covers the institutional conditions of the media standards, in particular in eastern European countries system at macro and meso level, while the cultural di- and in Turkey, but also even in China. mension concerns the interaction processes of media and political actors, their results and effects. Investigating the In the commission’s new area of interest, media use re- reciprocal conditions between both of these dimensions, search, it was recently possible – for the first time in from an historical and cross-national comparative perspec- Austria – to establish a long-term secondary analytical tive, is the focal point of the commission’s research activity. evaluation of “Media Analyse” data (thanks to funding from the City of Vienna). The relationship between The commission takes both an interdisciplinary and classic mass media and the Internet is the focus of B. international comparative approach with respect to its Stark’s widely published investigations. Findings based fundamental research. Particular attention is given to on focus groups confirm the evaluations of “Media long-term analyses and the development of suitable Analyse” data; the printed newspaper is struggling to methodical procedures. maintain its traditional role as the main source of information with younger media consumers. The commission is partner to numerous national and international cooperative projects, publishes a In contrast, information menus on the Internet are sat- bilingual peer-reviewed book series “Relation” and is urated with headlines, news snippets and latest news, working together with relevant university institutes which consumers can read randomly while surfing with their doctoral Programmes. (Fig. 1). The consequences of fragmented media use for Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies <"

increasing “press-party-dealignment” for the period under study but also indicate (somewhat delayed from an international comparison) increasingly selective media behaviour, which is making it more difficult for parties to communicate their political message.

At the same time, it has led to an increased self-reference of the media, which is reflected in a strength- ened intermedia agenda-setting (Fig. 2). The resulting consonance of publicly relevant issues underscores the importance of the issue orientation of the elector- ate, which is one of the three campaign decisive factors in the socio-psychological “Michigan Model” on campaign behaviour.

The success of the analysis carried out by G. Melischek and J. Seethaler on European news coverage of the 2004 US Presidential Election reflected by the numerous guest speeches, conference presentations, and publications, has laid the foundation stone for the commission’s research focus on the role of media in international relations.

The attribution theoretical and sociometric models developed in historical investigations were able to be applied here to the analysis of the role of the media in international conflict situations and in *+D" {"zD(< the European integration process. Recent activities include an international conference organized with

societal integration and the legitimation of democracy are the focus of a proposed follow-up project entitled “Changing News Media Use, Public Discourse and Democracy” which will be submitted to the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for approval.

Within the cultural dimension of political communication research, the work of the commission concentrates in the “classic” communication science core area of campaign research. Again for the first time in Austria, the relationship of parties and media in election campaigns is investigated using a long-term perspective and applying instruments that allow for international comparability. Fig. 2: Agenda setting processes between parties and media in the > 8 | @+ 8 ( # First results of an Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project (*= on campaign communication in Austria since 1966, led z{X>z(- by G. Melischek in cooperation with the Department rows: p < .10; thin arrows: p < .05; the size of the icons corresponds with of Journalism and Communication Science reveal an # <= Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies the Department of Media and Communication 17 Ländern [Worlds of journalisms – A comparison Sciences of Klagenfurt University in March 2009 on of journalism cultures in 17 countries]. Medien & “War, Media, and the Public Sphere”, a comparative Kommunikationswissenschaft 57 (2009), 4: 464-483. study on the 2008 US Presidential Election, and a t Josef Seethaler & Christian Oggolder: Frauen in der dissertation on the communication political role of Wiener Tagespresse der Ersten Republik: Ein Beitrag the European Commission as spokesperson of the EU zur Entwicklung des tagesaktuellen Journalismus, (as part of the doctoral programme of the philosophical- 1918-1933 [The role of women in Viennese newspa- historical section). pers, 1918-1933: A contribution to the history of daily news media]. Medien & Zeit 24 (2009); 3: 4-16. The programmatic commitment to chronological, t Birgit Stark & Matthias Karmasin: Österreich – cross-media and international comparative research Land der Zeitungsleser auch im Zeitalter des Inter- approaches is also reflected in the proceedings volume nets? Eine empirische Analyse zum Verhältnis von “Comparative Media and Communication Studies”, Print und Online [Austria – a country of newspaper which was published at the beginning of 2008 in readers in times of the Internet?]. Medien & Kom- cooperation with Department of Journalism and Mass munikationswissenschaft 57 (2009), H. 3: 353-374. Communication, University of Mainz. Parallel to this, t Birgit Stark: Konstanten und Veränderungen der the book series “Relation” (edited by H. Matis since Mediennutzung in Österreich – empirische Befun- 1994) has been revamped, the international editorial de aus den Medien-Analyse-Daten (1996-2007) advisory board expanded and a double-blind peer- [Consistencies and changes in media use in Austria, review procedure set up. 1996-2007]. SWS Rundschau 2009, H. 2: 130-153. t Josef Seethaler & Gabriele Melischek: Leitmedien The “Relation” book series, published by the Austrian als Indikatoren politischer Krisen und Umbrüche: Academy of Sciences Press, and available both in Das Beispiel der Weimarer Republik [Elite media print and online, has up to now published volumes as indicators of political crises and changes: The on “Jewish Images in the Media” (in cooperation with example of the Weimar Republic]. In Leitmedien: the Jewish Museum in Frankfurt am Main) and “The Konzepte – Relevanz – Geschichte, edited by Daniel Changing Austrian Media Landscape”. A volume on Müller, Annemone Ligensa & Peter Gendolla, 151- “Media Structures and Media Performance” is currently 170. Bielefeld: transcript. being planned, in cooperation with the Institute of t Gabriele Melischek, Uta Rußmann & Josef Seet- Mass Communication and Media Research, University haler: Agenda-Building in österreichischen Nati- of Zurich. onalratswahlkämpfen, 1970-2008 [Agenda-Buil- ding in Austrian National Elections, 1970-2008]. Bibliography In Politik in der Medienarena: Praxis politischer t Gabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler & Jürgen Wil- Kommunikation in Österreich, edited by Fritz Plas- ke, eds.: Medien & Kommunikationsforschung im ser, 101-143. Wien: facultas.wuv, 2009. Vergleich [Media and Communication Research in t Gabriele Melischek & Josef Seethaler: Media and in- Comparative Perspective]. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag ternational relations: An attributional analysis of in- für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008. group and out-group perceptions in European press t Birgit Stark & Melanie Magin, eds.: Die österreichi- coverage of the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Amer- sche Medienlandschaft im Umbruch [The changing ican Journal of Media Psychology 1 (2008): 103-124. Austrian media landscape]. Relation: Communica- t Gabriele Melischek & Josef Seethaler: Exploring a tion Research in Comparative Perspective, n.s., Vol. value gap: European press coverage of the 2004 U.S. 3. Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2009. presidential campaign. In Transatlantic conflict and t Thomas Hanitzsch & Josef Seethaler: Journalismus- consensus, edited by Roberta Haar & Neil Wynn, welten – Ein Vergleich von Journalismuskulturen in 229-244. Cambridge: Cambridge Academic, 2009.

Centre for Linguistics and Audiovisual Docu mentation (LAVD)

Head: Michael Metzeltin

Aims and Functions scholarly activities proceed smoothly. At the end of The Commission for Balkan Studies was founded on 2009 a concept for the establishment of a “Commission February 3, 1897 as Kommission für die historisch- for the research of Southeast Europe and the Black Sea archäologische und philologisch-ethnographische region” has been elaborated and submitted. Durchforschung der Balkanhalbinsel and was renamed in Balkan-Kommission on March 22, 1950. On January 1, In the frame of the project “The vocabulary of civilization/ 1993 the departments of antiquarian and philological modernization in Southeast Europe during the 19th studies were united. The contents of the antiquarian century” with the assistance of Heuberger, Katičić, department were transferred into the research centre Neweklowsky and Ossadník several publications have for archaeology on 1st, July 1997. Since 2006 the been realized. A volume which summarizes and compares Commission for Balkan Studies has been a member the results of the different project parts is planned. of the Centre of Linguistics, Optical and Sound Documentation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. On September 29, 2008 a meeting with the authors was The research profile of the Commission for Balkan held within the framework of the project “South East Studies can be described in general with “Cultures, Europe of the Regions”. Due to financial problems it was Languages and Literatures of the Balkan Peninsula not possible to organize a second meeting of coworkers (under special consideration of its ethnography during 2009. In the meantime the realization of the and history)”. In particular the most important second meeting has been guaranteed for March 2010. objectives are as follows: t The Balkan linguistic sprachbund, its cultures and Work on the project “Grammatica balkanica” is literatures, including the history and evolution of making good progress. A preliminary version has written languages in Southeast Europe. This re- been drawn up for Greek by Solti and for Turkish search covers predominately intercultural and in- by Römer, while Neweklowsky has advanced the terlingual aspects. Macedonian and Serbian section. Kahl, Lindenbauer t Text research about the Church Slavonic language and Metzeltin have carried on the Albanian section. (research on its tradition, textual criticism and edi- Since summer 2009 Kahl and Metzeltin have been tion of texts) working at a general introduction and the final work t Slavica Austriaca (South Slavonic minority langua- program with the aim of publishing these parts towards ges and the Slavonic substrate in Austria). the end of 2010. The project “Terminology of mobile shepherds”, funded by the ASF (FWF), has continued In addition, different short-term scientific projects are successfully. In addition, it was possible to extend the realized in the commission, e.g. research on the Greek project until October 2010. The planned field research community in Vienna, a project on Southeast Europe and was completed and the work on the transcription its regions or a series of conferences called Forum Romania. has advanced immensely. An arrangement with the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Results for 2008–2009 Sciences concerning the technical archiving of the The future structure of the commission has remained film and tape recordings has been made. Three articles unclear since its evaluation in July 2007. The chairman in 2008 and two in 2009 were published as part of the has nevertheless made efforts to ensure that current project and a final publication is under way.

*+|O*P(<Johannessaal Room of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. ';#

Within the framework of the ASF project “Critical occurred in 2009 as the result of the dismissal of two Edition of the New Sinaitic Glagolitic Euchology project employees. As agreed with the ASF, the project (Sacramentary) Fragments”, work on the editions manager plans to continue the project as scheduled with of “Euchologii Sinaitici pars nova” and “Missale a new employee. In 2009 the PhD project of Eva Frantz Sinaiticum” has been successfully continued. Newly concerning the recent history of Kosovo was included taken up was the edition of “Psalterium Demetrii in the schedule of the commission. Sinaitici”. The team members continued working at the development of new PC programs for the automatic An application for a research project on detection of graphic units and finalized the registration “Multilingualism on the Markets of Vienna” was of the missal images. given in 2008 and approved at the end of 2009. Six international conferences were organized by the In 2008 the research team of the Bulgarian Academy commission and three separate papers delivered in the of Sciences finished their project “The Bulgarian period. During the same period four students finished Community in Austria” during a stay in Linz and a training program in the commission. In addition, the Vienna and presented the results in a symposium in amount of scientific literature and technical material Wittgenstein House in 2009. The project “The Greek has been considerably extended. Community in Vienna” was successfully completed, based on research contracts. In connection with the Bibliography “Thesaurus of popular Slovenian of Carinthia” the t Doganalp-Votzi, Heidemarie – Römer, Claudia: works on volume 6 and lemmatizing for volume 7 was Herrschaft und Staat. Politische Terminologie des continued. The conceptual work for the first part of the Osmanischen Reiches der Tanzimatzeit. Schriften “Encyclopedia of Slovenian Language and Literature in der Balkankommission (Verlag der Österreichi- Carinthia”, funded by the ASF, was completed. Delays schen Akademie der Wissenschaften). Wien 2008. Commission for Balkan-Studies <

*+DO(OY(P/)- '/) t Hafner, Stanislaus – Prunč, Erich (ed.): Thesaurus [Der Zivilisationswortschatz in der serbischen und der slowenischen Volkssprache in Kärnten, Bd. 6 (kd- kroatischen Sprache (am Beispiel einiger Wirt- kv). Edited by Ludwig Karničar. Wien 2009. Schrif- schafts- und Banktermini)]. In: Južnoslovenski fi-fi - ten der Balkan-Kommission, Sonderpublikation. lolog 64 (2008), 247–260. Beograd 2009. t Kahl, Thede (ed.): Das Rumänische und seine t Neweklowsky, Gerhard: Das Projekt der Balkankom- Nachbarn. Berlin (Frank und Timme) 2009. mission „Bosnisch / Kroatisch / Serbisch: Gesellschaft t Metzeltin, Michael (ed.): Identitate de frontieră în und Wirtschaft“. In: Anzeiger der Philosophisch- Europa lărgită. Bucureşti (Polirom) 2008. historischen Klasse 143/1 (2008), 127-149. 2009. t Miklas, Heinz: Zum Gang der Erforschung der t Ortalli, Gherardo – Schmitt, Oliver J. (eds.): Bal- glagolitischen Neufunde im Katharinenkloster cani occidentali, Adriatico e Venezia fra XIII e auf dem Sinai. In: Moskovich, Wolf – Nikolova, XVIII secolo / Der westliche Balkan, der Adria- Svetlina – Taube, Moshe (ed.): The Holy Land and raum und Venedig (13.-18. Jahrhundert). Schriften the Manuscript Legacy of Slavs (=Jews and Slavs T. der Balkankommission 50. Wien 2009. 20). Jerusalem/Sofia 2008, pp. 48-59, 372. t Sobolev, Andrej N.: On the Importance of Borrowing t Neweklowsky, Gerhard: Civilizaciona leksika in the Languages of the Balkan Linguistic Area. In: Kahl, u srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku u XIX. veku (na Thede (ed.) Das Rumänische und seine Nachbarn. primeru nekih ekonomskih i bankarskih termina) Berlin (Frank und Timme), 2009. S. 95-130. <>

Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research

Head: Wolfgang U. Dressler

Aims and Functions Results for 2008–2009 The Commission sees its main function in theory- HDB1AIJ2KC4AL5FMB5265C research primarily addresses driven interdisciplinary research and cooperation three thematic fields within the long-term research with national and international partners to create a specialisation: systematic collection and analysis of long-term data 1. Long-term studies of linguistic achievements at in- on speech disorders and first language acquisition of dividual word, sentence, text and discourse level of German in comparison with other languages. individual patients suffering from aphasia before This involves interdisciplinary collaboration with the and after attending linguistically-founded langua- fields of psychology, medicine, special and therapeutic ge therapy programmes (Stark, 2010a, 2010b) education, computer science and philology. In the 2. Deriving general (neuropsycholinguistic) prin- process, applied basic research is acquiring increasing ciples from the analyzed language test und the- importance alongside pure research. The language rapy data, on how language structures/patterns corpora that are being generated form the basis for recover longitudinally and on how patients with further theoretical and applied investigations within aphasia respond to the provision of linguistically- and outside the Academy. based therapy protocols Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research <<

the ELA picture stimuli (Stark, 1992). Project LWI 0105: “Standardisation of the ELA Picture Stimu- li” (partially financed by the City of Vienna).

Concerning 1) A long-term study (36 to 93 months after the start of aphasia) concerning the text-linguistic abilities of an aphasia patient (TH) showed a significant increase of the explicitly produced content (5 35) of the fairytale “Cinderella”. The results for 11 narrations are set out in Fig. 1.

Concerning 2) The analysis of the recovery of language supplied answers to the central question of language processing after brain damage (Stark, Pons & Mittermann, 2009).

*+;# Concerning 3) The linguistic investigation of oral sentence production by healthy Viennese aged 4 to 6, 17 to 19 and 65 to over 90 was continued. The following 3. Recording and analysis of oral sentence production examples illustrate how the subjects orally described a by healthy Viennese of various ages in response to number of illustrated actions in the form of sentences:

Life span

Child Young person Older person

Target sentence: “The man is surfing.”

That is a man and is *surf The father is surfing The father is on a // Er, I boarding (4.5 years old) 17 years old know the word for it // board with a sail on it. Yes the father acts // is doing sports with a // er I don’t know // windsurfer. And reacts to the wind, doesn’t he (78 years old)

This speech data constitutes an important contribution of nouns in children aged between 2 and 9 in four to the answer to the question of what, from a different languages (German, Dutch, Danish and grammatical point of view, is realised as “normal” Hebrew). The results of the language comparative language in a comparison between generations. analysis were presented in the form of a symposium Within the specialisation on child language worked was (“Why are noun plurals hard to acquire? A multi- primarily conducted on the following two projects: task approach”) at the 11th International Congress on Child Language in July 2008 in Edinburgh. Project 1: Noun development in a cross-linguistic perspective A method comparison showed that the response The FWF project concluded in autumn 2009 behaviour of children is highly determined by the examined the linguistic development of the class test method used (see Fig. 2). 200 Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research

Project 2: Cross-linguistic language diagnosis (CLAD) Kröll, K., Souman, A., Rehfeldt, K., Laaha, S., In this EU project, an investigation is being made of Bertl, J., Basbøll, H. & Gillis, S. (2008). Core the linguistic development of children with specific morphology in child directed speech: language development disorders in five different t crosslinguistic corpus analyses of noun plurals, In: languages (German, English, Italian, Lithuanian and H. Behrens (ed.), Corpora in language acquisition Romanian). The project is looking for cross-language research: finding structure in data. Amsterdam: clinical markers in the following two areas: 1) quantifiers Benjamins, 25-60. and implicators (semantic-pragmatic) and 2) constant t Stark, J. (1992). Erfahrungen aus dem Leben des groups, adjective comparison and agreement ((morpho) Alltags Handbuch zur Photoserie Set 1, Set 2, Set philology – morphosyntax). 3. Vienna: Druckerei Bösmüller. t Stark, J. (2010a). Chronic Broca’s Aphasia from a Other ongoing child language projects (above all the Long Term Perspective: Analysis of an Illustrative cross-linguistic project on pre- and protomorphology, Single Case. Seminars in Speech and Language. the CNRS Project on Grammaticization processes in t Stark, J. (2010b) Content analysis of the fairy tale language acquisition; EU Project COST Action 33) Cinderella – A longitudinal single case study of narra- were successfully continued. tive production: ‘From rags to riches’. Aphasiology. t Stark, J. (2010c). Gesprochene Wiener Stadtspra- Bibliography che Erhebung des Alltagswortschatzes von t Dressler, W.U. (2008). (org.): Symposium: Why t Wiener(innen) verschiedener Altersgruppen are noun plurals hard to acquire? A multi-task mittels der ELA-Fotoserie. In H. Bergmann, M. t approach. XI International Congress for the Study Glauninger & E. Wandl-Vogt (eds.), Fokus Dialekt of Child Language (IASCL), Edinburgh, UK. Analysieren – Dokumentieren – Kommunizieren t Kilani-Schoch, M., Balciuniene, I., Korecky-Kröll, Festschrift für Ingeborg Geyer zum 60. Geburtstag. K., Laaha, S. & Dressler, W.U. (2009). On the role Hildesheim: Georg Olms. of pragmatics in child-directed speech for the ac- t Stark, J., Pons, C. & Mittermann, K. (2009). Mo- quisition of verb morphology. Journal of Pragmatics dellorientierte Sprachdiagnostik und -therapie – 41, 219-239. ja,aber … (Posterpräsentation, 9. Jahrestagung der t Korecky-Kröll, K. & Dressler, W.U. (2009). The GAB, Erfurt, Deutschland, 6.11.2009). acquisition of number and case in Austrian Ger- t Xanthos, A., Laaha, S., Gillis, S., Stephany, U. Aksu- man nouns. In: U. Stephany & M. D. Voeikova Koç, A., Christofidou, A., Gagarina, N., Hrzica, G., (eds.), Development of nominal inflection in first Ketrez, F. N., Kilani-Schoch, M., Korecky-Kröll, K., language acquisition: a cross-linguistic perspective Kovačević, M., Laalo, K., Palmović, M., Pfeiler, B., (= Studies on Language Acquisition 30). Berlin: De Voeikova, M. D. & Dressler, W.U. (in Druck): On the Gruyter, 265-302. role of morphological richness in the early development t Ravid, D., Dressler, W.U., Nir-Sagiv, B., Korecky- of noun and verb inflection. First Language. 201

Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names

Head: Ingeborg Geyer

Aims and Functions Mannheim (DE)”, United Nations Group of Experts Dialects and dialect like varieties constitute the majority on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), “Ständiger of spoken language forms in Austria. Thereby they not Ausschuss für geographische Namen (StAGN). only conserve traditional ways of thinking, but also reflect the continuously proceeding social changes. Results for 2008–2009 Austrian surnames and geographical names represent a “calling card”. They bear witness to century long Project-cluster linguistic-variety contacts between peoples of different languages, In the project WBOE the 38TH instalment (lemma historical settling-cycles and linguistic developments. stretch Tunst – Twasper) of the “Dictionary of Bavarian The dinamlex is Austria’s only scientific institution Dialects in Austria” (Wörterbuch der bairischen that, in accordance with its remit, analyses and Mundarten in Österreich) was published in 2008 electronically archives the nationwide customary and the article sections for the 39th and 40th (e-er-) German dialects as well as the body of Austrian names instalments were elaborated in 2009. The digitization of in its syn- and diachronic context for the purpose of about 4 million paper slips with information to words making them available to the scientific community about the Bavarian dialects in Austria was bundled in as well as the interested public in an up to date and the project “Digitization, Source Critical Indexing and state of the art manor. The institute’s, for the most Preparation of Sources” and finalized in respect of the part, digitalized corps of records not only comprises unpublished documents. The source-critical elaboration linguistic material that is unique in its quality as of these documents has commenced. The transfer of well as quantity, but also archives it in accordance the scientific plant name index with dialectal synonyms to the UNESCO-Convention on the Protection of into a pilot-database represented a paramount task. Immaterial Cultural Heritage (Paris, 2003). The access to lexicographical data via an interactive, Pertinent fundamental works are comprised based geo-referenced digital map (1st version was developed on long term dimensioned research. The aim hereby in the framework of project dbo@ema) is a novelty that is to combine scientific historical traditions and serves the methodologically inherent areal conception method(olog)ical innovations. The application- of the WBOE and the requests regarding geographical oriented development respectively the inter- and information, which the dictionary enterprise receives. trans-disciplinary implementation of computer- The geo-referencing of the corps of documents increases lexicographical as well as geo-linguistic concepts, its spectrum of applicability (visualization, possibilities which is realized at the dinamlex, is internationally for links via web-based access). acknowledged. The Slavic substrate represents an additional field of research within the institute. Project-cluster nominAustriae (Researching Austrian Names of the Past and Present) The institute’s employees teach at national and The last articles, supplements and corrigenda for the international universities and serve as experts “Book of Old German Placenames (ANB)” were for national and international boards such elaborated. The database, which corresponds to the print as: “Arbeitsgemeinschaft für kartographische version regarding its content, enables answering (area-) Ortsnamenkunde (AKO)”, “Duden-Verlag linguistic questions concerning Austrian toponyms prior 202 )08Y

conferences and workshops were organized during the period under report, which dealt with aspects of the institute’s research focuses and intensified the exchange of methods and opinions with colleagues from neighbouring countries.

Bibliography t Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Öster- reich (WBÖ). Edited by the Institute of Austrian Dialects and Names (= Bayerisch-Österreichisches Wörterbuch: I. Österreich). 38. Lieferung (2008) bearbeitet von Werner Bauer, Hubert Bergmann, *+V((¤++ Ingeborg Geyer, Elisabeth Groschopf, Eveline %(¤+<- Wandl-Vogt. Vienna, 202 columns. 0 t Bergermayer, Angela (2009): Mittelalterliche Per- 0Y++!!(!! 0#%(¤(8 sonennamen als Zeugnisse deutsch-slowenischer / D* deutsch-slawischer Sprachkontakte in Österreich und Slowenien. In: Anreiter, Peter (ed.): Miscella- nea Onomastica (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Ono- mastik 7). Vienna, 19–43. t Bergmann, Hubert (2009): Randstücke - slo- to the year 1200 (language shares, suffixes/ primary and wenisches dialektales Material im Belegar- determinative words, prevalence of name-types, age levels chiv zum Wörterbuch der bairischen Mund- etc.) and the compilation of linguistic registers. arten in Österreich (WBÖ). In: Smole, Vera (ed.): Slovenska narečja med sistemom The pilot-project “ALPKULTUR: The Mountain- and in rabo (Obdobja 26). Ljubljana, 83-100. Alpnames of East Tyrol” was successfully completed t Bergmann, Hubert / Hausner, Isolde [together and digital cartographic analysis of Romanic and Slavic with: Jordan, Peter / Cheetham, Catherine] (eds.) Mountain- and Alpnames is available. (2009): Geographical Names as a Part of Cultural Heritage (= Wiener Schriften zur Geographie und The ANB (printed, digital, database) and the results Kartographie 18). Vienna [196 pp.]. of ALPKULTUR- project (including database) form t Brizić, Katharina (2009): „Best Success Through the basis of the following projects: “Historisches Language Loss?“ An Incipient Austrian Sociolin- Salzburger Ortsnamenbuch”( a co operational project, guistic Study on Open Questions in Education commenced in the autumn of 2009), “Historisches and Migration Research. In: Dreyer, Cynthia R. Siedlungsnamenbuch von Osttirol”( articles on names (ed.): Language and linguistics. Emerging trends. are currently in progress), FWF-project WippDigital Nova Science Publishers, 137–160. (enquiry and linguistic commentaries of Wipptal t Geyer, Ingeborg (2008): Zur Entwicklung von fieldnames commenced on October 1, 2009). Wort- und Lautgrenzen im bairisch-österreichi- schen Raum. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus In the framework of project FamOs: Austrian Surnames dem „Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Online (partly a 3rd party funded project) recent Austrian Österreich“ (WBÖ) und der „Datenbank der bairi- surnames are analysed regarding their frequency of occur- schen Mundarten in Österreich“ (DBÖ). In: Ernst, rence and their regional specificity, based on 40 000 requests. Peter / Patocka, Franz (eds.): Dialektgeographie der Zukunft. Akten des 2. Kongresses der Internatio- As the only Austrian research institution that nalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen scientifically deals with dialects and names, thedinamlex (IGDD) (= Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Lingu- is increasingly developing into a contact institution istik. Beiheft 135). Stuttgart, 193–202. for the interested public concerning enquiries on t Glauninger, Manfred Michael (2008): Syntheti- name-origin, dialect-phrases and Austrian German. sche und analytische „Konjunktiv 2“-Formen im In addition to the teaching and lecturing of the Wiener Nonstandard-Deutsch. In: Patocka, Franz employees in their fields of expertise, 6 international / Seiler, Guido (eds.): Dialektale Morphologie, )08Y 203

Fig. 2: Query result taken from the online database on family names FamOS

dialektale Syntax. Beiträge zum 2. Kongress der „schwarz“. Wie das Wortfeld ‚Neger‘ seine Bedeu- Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie tung veränderte. Wien [144 pp.] des Deutschen, Wien, September 20–23, 2006. t Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2008) Wie man Vienna, 233–247. ein Jahrhundertprojekt zeitgemäß hält: t Glauninger, Manfred Michael: „Grammatoprag- Datenbankgestützte Dialektlexikografie am Institut matische“ Aspekte von „Dialekt“ in der Wiener für Österreichische Dialekt- und Namenlexika (I Boulevardpresse (im jugendsprachlichen Kontext). Dinamlex) (mit 10 Abbildungen). In: Ernst, Peter In: Kanz, Ulrich / Wildfeuer, Alfred / Zehetner, (ed.), Bausteine zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte von Ludwig (eds.): Mundart und Medien. Beiträge Dialektologie / Germanistischer Sprachwissenschaft zum 3. dialektologischen Symposium in Walder- im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zum 2. bach, Mai 2008 (= Regensburger Dialektforum Kongress der Internationalen Gesellschaft für 15). Regensburg 2009, 93–112. Dialektologie des Deutschen, Wien, 20. - 23. t Kramer, Ulrike (2008): Neger heißt nicht (bloß) September 2006; Wien: Praesens, 93-112. 204

Phonogrammarchiv

Head: Rudolf M. Brandl

Aims and Functions field research devoted to the documentation of Kunqu The Phonogrammarchiv is the Austrian Audiovisual and other local opera traditions. One of the results of Research Archive. Founded in 1899 as a sound archive, this trip was the invitation of a Kunqu opera troupe to its activities were expanded into video archiving in give a first-time performance in Vienna in 2010. 2001. The archive’s tasks are to produce, collect, preserve and disseminate audiovisual research documents of all Christian Huber undertook two further linguistic disciplines and regions. The focus of the collection expeditions to India in order to continue his study and research, however, is related to the wide field of of hitherto undocumented and unresearched Tibeto- the humanities, with an emphasis on ethnolinguistics, Burman languages in Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh), dialectology, ethnomusicology as well as cultural/social notably Shumcho. anthropology. A smaller part of the holdings comprises medical recordings and wildlife sounds. Within an international project aimed at the documentation of endangered languages, Jürgen Schöpf The holdings of the Phonogrammarchiv are chiefly made valuable recordings of the Tai-Phake, Singpho the result of recording projects conducted by (a) and Tangsa languages in Upper Assam (India). Austrian institutions and scholars with the archive’s (methodological and technical) support; (b) the archive’s Wilfried Schabus continued his linguistic and curators themselves; (c) Austrian scholars who, though ethnographical research of the language and culture of originally carrying out their field research independently the descendants of Austrian emigrants in Brazil, which, of the archive, subsequently deposit their collections in the in 2009, led to the publication of a book on the Colônia Phonogrammarchiv in order to ensure their safeguarding Tirol de Santa Leopoldina. and future accessibility for research. Alongside these activities, the Phonogrammarchiv is actively involved in further developing the methods and techniques of audiovisual archiving within a framework of international cooperation, playing a leading role especially in the re- recording of historical sound carriers.

Rudolf M. Brandl, Professor of Comparative Musi- cology at the Georg-August-Universität of Göttingen, Germany, succeeded Dietrich Schüller as Director of the Phonogrammarchiv. He took office on October 1, 2008. *DO8YPO?O;- Results for 2008–2009 O | |# WX< ( D O?|#Z=/O? *#%(|8- The archive’s recording projects and field research (selection) chive: The daughter, Du Liniang is awakened roughly from her dream In the summer of 2009, Rudolf M. Brandl and Li Huang of love with Liu Mengmei by the Flower God. Photo: Phonogram Ar- spent several weeks in China, where they conducted chive – Audiovisual Research Archive. Phonogrammarchiv 205

*+|#D

The studies undertaken by Helmut Kowar (research Austrian-based Roma and non-Roma, focusing on the focus “Mechanical Musical Instruments”) resulted in intonation and singing style of female Roma singers. two CD publications: the virtual reconstruction of Mozart’s KV 594 in 2008, and – in 2009, after years Clemens Gütl, Christian Liebl and Gerda Lechleitner of preparatory work – the first complete edition of all continued research into historical recordings and their pieces played by the five flute clocks (dating from 1792 contextualisation, in the course of which it has been to circa. 1800) for which Joseph Haydn had composed possible not only to shed more light on several series of special music. These automata are of particular interest African recordings held in the Phonogrammarchiv, but as primary sources for historical performance practice. also to discover hitherto unknown facts relating to the Since the spring of 2008, Katharina Thenius-Wilscher researchers Otto Caesar Artbauer and František Pospíšil as has been engaged in the documentation of current well as to the voice portraits of Emperor Franz Joseph I. tendencies in the performance of folk and popular music in the south of Lower Austria (“Industrieviertel”); Supported field research, ingest of collections this field research is conceived also as a restudy of In 2008–2009 the Phonogrammarchiv supported the project “Singing and Music-Making in Austria” a total of 40 research projects, carried out chiefly by (Phonogrammarchiv 1978–85). Austrian scholars and students. Among the most important collections deposited in the archive are those Hedwig Köb continued her long-term study of the cul- assembled by Wolfgang Sichardt (Switzerland 1936), tural activities of the African community in Vienna, Eugen Helimski (Siberia 1976–2000) and Yvonne concentrating chiefly on cultural events organised and Schaffler (Dominican Republic 2003–2005). performed by its West African members as well as on their socio-cultural background. Technical research and development The digitisation of the historical recordings of the Vienna 2008 saw the completion of the documentation of Symphony Orchestra – a project begun in 2004 – has the cultural activities of Bukharian and Georgian Jews been completed: a total of 390 tapes (approximately 149 (project leader: Gerda Lechleitner). hours of recording time) were digitised. As partner of the Brno Institute of Ethnology (Academy of Sciences of Since October 2008, Christiane Fennesz-Juhasz has been the Czech Republic) in a project related to the complete involved in experimental and exploratory research among edition of the works of Leoš Janáček, Franz Lechleitner 206 Phonogrammarchiv re-recorded (and partly restored) 60 cylinders which the composer had made during his folk music research. F. Lechleitner was also in charge of the re-recording of 329 individual recordings from a hitherto unknown collection of the Reinhardt-Seminar (University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna), comprising unique instantaneous discs with the voices of renowned actors.

Cooperation with the Essl Museum involving the digitisation and safeguarding of its collection of video art presented a new dimension of re-recording, for which it was paramount to take the historical reproducibility of the sources into consideration. Fig. 3 The staff of the Audiovisual Research Archive have always been particularly active in the organising of conferences and the dissemina- High-resolution video was employed for the first time in the recording of mechanical musical instruments at on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of its foundation, publications, zO¥P the Speelklok Museum in Utrecht, for which purpose Mexico City (November 2009), unter Mitarbeit von Christian Liebl & Jakša Pri- where Nadja Wallaszkovits and Dietrich Schüller were morac). 2009. Croatian Recordings 1901–1936. heavily involved holding workshops and lectures. (Tondokumente aus dem Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Bibliography Gesamtausgabe der Historischen Bestände 1899– t During the reporting period a total of 80 publica- 1950, herausgegeben von Dietrich Schüller; Serie tions were completed by Phonogrammarchiv mem- 11/1, OEAW PHA CD 27). Wien: VOEAW. [mit bers of staff, including the following monographs: Booklet 175 S.] t Brandl, Rudolf M. 2008. Luju (Anhui-Lokaloper): t Liebl, Christian (Ed., unter Mitarbeit von Ger- 1.+2. Teil von „Baiyulou“ (Weiße Jade-Kammer) da Lechleitner). 2009. Judeo-Spanish from the aus Taoxi, China 1988 (live). 3 DVDs (Orbis Mu- Balkans: The Recordings by Julius Subak (1908) sicarum OM 117/A/B/C). Göttingen: Cuvillier. and Max A. Luria (1927). (Tondokumente aus t Brandl, Rudolf M. 2009. Changshengdian („Halle dem Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen des Ewigen Lebens“) der Suzhou Kunyu Juyuan (Jian Akademie der Wissenschaften: Gesamtausga- Kun-Opern-Truppe), China 2009 (live). 1 DVD (= be der Historischen Bestände 1899–1950; Se- Orbis Musicarum OM 124A). Göttingen: Cuvillier. rie 12, OEAW PHA CD 28). Wien: VOEAW. t Kowar, Helmut. 2008. KV 594: „Ein Stück für ein [mit Booklet 77 S.] Orgelwerk in einer Uhr“ von W. A. Mozart. Eine t Schabus, Wilfried. 2009. Tirol do Brasil: Das „Dorf virtuelle Rekonstruktion. (Tondokumente aus dem Tirol“ in Brasilien. Hall in Tirol, Wien: Beren- Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen Akade- kamp Verlag. mie der Wissenschaften: Mechanische Musikin- t Schöpf, Jürgen. 2008. The Serankure and Music in strumente, Vol. 6; OEAW PHA CD 26). Wien: Tlôkweng, Botswana. (Intercultural Music Studies, VÖAW. [mit Booklet 16 S.] 13). Berlin: VWB. [mit DVD] 207 > <

Central Administration Units 210 211

&"'

Head: Claudia Heilmann-Sennhenn

The Presidential Office has a staff of four full-time corresponding member in Austria and a representative employees. It provides administrative, operational and of the Young Academy. advisory support to the President in the performance of his many duties. The President and two representatives of the Conference of Institute Directors participate at the SPC meetings in an Alongside extensive support activities, the Presidential advisory capacity. In 2008/09, there were 21 regular SPC Office is also responsible for handling five administrative meetings and two extraordinary meetings. The Presidential bodies and plays a coordinating and structuring role Office is responsible for preparing the meeting and the in Academy-wide projects on the instructions of the follow-up work, including the keeping of the minutes. Presiding Committee. Senate Handling administrative bodies The Senate assists the Academy in fundamental issues. The Senate is composed of nine high-ranking personalities General meetings from the field of politics, the economy and science in The general meeting is convened at least eight times Austria and abroad. The Presiding Committee participates a year, and is the Academy’s supreme decision- in the meetings of the Senate in an advisory capacity. making body. The full members, the delegates of the Three meetings of the Senate were held in 2008/09. The corresponding members in Austria and the Young Presidential Office is responsible for preparing the meetings Academy meet in the full session of the general and the follow-up work, and for the keeping of the minutes. meeting. The Presidential Office together with the administrative offices for the Sections is responsible Research Board of Trustees for organising the general meeting including the The Research Board of Trustees is made up of 11 preparation of the agenda, the smooth course of the internationally reputed scientists and acts as an external proceedings and the follow-up work. academic advisory board to guarantee the further development and quality of the research pursued at the Meetings of the Presiding Committee Academy. The constituting meeting of this Board took The Presiding Committee meets at regular, mostly weekly place in April 2009, the second meeting taking place in intervals in order to discuss and adopt decisions on October 2009. The Presidential Office is responsible for scientific and operational matters. The Presidential Office’s preparing the meetings and the follow-up work – from function is to prepare the meeting – prepare the agenda, the organisation of travel to the taking of minutes – and arrange for the corresponding documents, invitations to for the necessary flow of information and communication all participants – and the follow-up work, in particular between the Presiding Committee and the Research with respect to the resolutions adopted by the President. Board of Trustees between the meetings.

Strategy and Planning Commission #"$"% The Strategy and Planning Commission (SPC) is a body with advisory and recommendatory functions Intellectual Capital Report that was first convened in March 2008. The SPC is The Academy’s Intellectual Property Report is published made up of 10 full members from different subjects, a each year as a means of rendering account to the Ministry 212 | of Science and Research, the National Foundation, to provide the content basis for the pending long-term other external organisations and the general public. performance agreement with the Federal Ministry for The Intellectual Capital Report provides ^key figures Science and Research. In 2009, the Office obtained to present an overview of the potential, activities and and compiled the necessary basic information from the accomplishments of the Academy in the year under review. central administrative units.

Editorial responsibility lies with the Presidential Office. Almanac This extends from the gathering of the key figures, the Until the change of President in July 2009, responsibility for text contributions and the layout, the coordination of the editing of the almanac lay with the Presidential Office. the supply of information and data to the validation of the data and proofreading. Post Department The Post Department with two employees (1.75 FTE) Structural measures and including the telephone exchange is under the Since mid-2009, the Presidential Office has been working responsibility of the Presidential Office. together with the Office of the Secretary General and the Office for Legal Affairs on the draft of a position paper The department’s functions consist in the acceptance by the Presiding Committee on the further reform of the and internal distribution of mail, the dispatch of mail for Academy organisation as a whole. the Central Administration and the Society of Friends of the Academy and the ordering and provision of office Development plan and performance agreement material for the Central Administration. In the course The Presidential Office, together with the administrative of 2008/09, around 120,000 incoming mail items were offices for the Sections, is responsible for coordinating distributed within the Academy by the Post Department the Academy’s development planning, which is intended and around 80,000 items of outgoing mail dispatched. 213

Public Relations

Head: Marianne Baumgart

Functions An important factor in the Academy’s media presence The range of functions covers the provision of strategic is played by the media cooperation agreements con- advice for knowledge communication, media work cluded by the Academy in 2008 and 2009 with the (organisation of media contacts, drafting, editing daily newspapers “Der Standard” (a supplement each and sending press releases, organisation of press Wednesday entitled “Research Special”) and “Die conferences and press discussions, media observation Presse” (in 2008, every Wednesday in the supplement and media analysis), the handling of the Academy “Knowledge and Innovation”, and in 2009 in the Sun- news pages and the general pages of the Academy day edition of the newspaper). website, the organisational support and handling of events, organisational support for Academy lecture In 2008, a special supplement to the daily newspaper series, corporate design, the design, editing and “Die Presse” presented selected topics from the Acad- production of various print products and the overall emy’s research on the occasion of the Ceremonial layout of the research magazine “Thema”. Session in May 2008.

In the field of internal communication, information In May 2009, a special supplement to the daily news- is transmitted to the various mailing lists in electronic paper “Kurier” was published, likewise on the occa- form, and in addition access is provided for all staff sion of the Ceremonial Session. A further cooperation members to APA-ZukunftWissen. concerned the trade journal “Austria Innovativ”, in which the Academy was presented in a full-page ar- Focus on media work ticle in August 2008. In 2008, there was also a coop- The Academy’s media presence is based not least on eration with the Austrian broadcasting company ORF, the information provided to the media through the in the framework of which film documentaries were broad distribution of press releases, through direct produced on selected topics. A short version of these media contacts, through the individual provision of documentaries was shown within the framework of the information material and through the mediation of Ceremonial Sessions 2008. contact with scientists. On special occasions, for instance major scientific con- In 2008, a total of 123 press releases were sent to media ferences or the presentation of scientific studies, the representatives in Austria and abroad and published Public Relations Office organises press discussions, on the Academy’s website. In 2009, this figure rose to mostly at the Academy’s premises. Six such discussions 142. The recipients include news agencies, daily and were held in both 2008 and 2009. weekly newspapers, magazines, radio and television and various online media. The press releases are pub- With the assistance of an external media monitoring lished on the Academy’s website at the same time as company, the Public Relations Office conducts ex- they are sent out. Almost all releases are published tensive media observation and analysis activities. The as original reports in APA-ZukunftWissen, and are clippings from the Austrian print and online media, thus made available not only to media representatives from radio and television and from other German- but also to researchers and other persons involved in speaking countries are catalogued and stored in a research policy and funding. database. In 2008, mention was made of the Acad- 214 Public Relations emy as a research performing organisation, learned tion of the Vienna sites – in both years, the Academy society or as a promoter of young researchers in a research units were presented in the Hall of Sciences total of 4,319 articles, of which 15% were in foreign (Wollzeile 27A, 1010 Vienna). media. Less than 1% of the articles contained controversial discussion on the Academy. In 2009, the fig- Website ure rose to 4,382 articles mentioning the Academy. The Academy’s website provides information about the In the meantime, the documentation of the media Academy’s structure, functions and activities and serves presence has acquired considerable importance for both internal and external communication. The Public the individual research units and is an important Relations office handles the entire Academy news pages aspect of the annual Intellectual Capital Report. and other general pages, in close cooperation with ITS. The news pages regularly announce events – 160 in Events each of 2008 and 2009 – and publishes current press The Academy organises high-quality lectures and releases. Interested users and media representatives can discussions with the aim of making topics of current register to receive the monthly newsletter and current research understandable to a public interested in sci- press releases by email. The electronic newsletter was entific matters. The OeAW Lectures, held since 1998 sent to around 800 recipients in 2008 and 2009. with different topics each year, have been expanded and have established themselves as an important con- Topic of the month and the research magazine “Thema” tribution by the Academy to the repeatedly demand for In September 2006, the online “Topic of the month” public discourse on the influence of scientific knowl- section was started, dealing with topics that change each edge on society, the economy and politics. month. In 2008, a research magazine was developed from the online Topic of the Month, with the first pub- In 2008, four lectures on the topic of applied mathe- lication of the printed product appearing in September matics were held in the “Johann Radon Lectures” series 2008 under the title “Thema. Das Forschungsmagazin started in 2007. In 2008/2009, the “Auer von Welsbach der ÖAW”. Each issue covers four topics of the month, Lectures” (six lectures) addressed current research top- supplemented by current research announcements from ics in chemistry and October 2009 saw the start of the the Academy, awards, events and information from the the “Eduard Suess Lectures” on earth sciences. Academy Press. A further three issues were published in 2009. The preparation of the texts, the entire layout of These lecture series are accompanied by discussion the magazine and the organisation of production and events for schoolchildren, organised jointly by the mailing was handled by the Public Relations Office. Academy and the Vienna School Board. Since 2008, there has also been a cooperation with the Lower Printed materials Austrian Education Society, within which pupils Using the Academy’s corporate design, the Public from Lower Austria are given the opportunity to at- Relations Office provides a number of printed ma- tend the Academy Lectures. Overall organisation, the terials such as folders for research units, invitations, contacts with the scientific organisers, the handling programmes and posters for lectures, conferences and of the cooperation with the joint organisers and spon- symposia. Seven folders were produced in 2008 and sors, schools and the media is the responsibility of the nine in 2009 for the Academy’s research units. Public Relations Office. In addition, the Public Relations Office organises the As a means of increasing public awareness, the Acad- production of the Academy’s printed materials for all emy participated very successfully in the “Long research and administrative units, and also supplies a Night of Research” in 2008 and 2009. The Public number of other CD products. The range was further Relations Office was responsible for the Coordina- extended in 2008/2009. 215

International Relations

Head: Bernhard Plunger

The Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) cultivates its partner countries in Central and South-eastern close contacts worldwide with academies of science. European, further consolidating the traditionally Thanks to currently 45 bilateral agreements with for- excellent bilateral relationships between the Academy eign partner academies, the OeAW performs a door- and the Western Balkans. opening function for Austrian science. In the light of the Academy’s particular focus on co- Within a unified Europe, bilateral contacts continue operation activities with partner academies within to play a decisive role in consolidating and network- the European Union, the bilateral agreements on the ing national research interests and in supporting scientist exchange programmes between the Academy researcher mobility. In this way, the Academy makes and the academies of sciences of Estonia and Lithuania an essential contribution to the creation of a Euro- were renewed during the period under review. pean research region. In addition, the successful involvement of Academy These bilateral agreements are the basis for the Acad- research units in the EU framework programme was emy’s scientist exchange programme, under which 593 continued in 2008 and 2009. The research units par- guests visited the Academy during the period under ticipated in a total of 68 EU projects, of which 23 were review. These guests were invited or nominated by the part of the 7th EU-FP, 29 part of the 6th EU FP and a partner academies upon invitation by Academy mem- further 16 part of other EU subsidy programmes. The bers to participate in Academy’ research unit projects Academy played a coordinating function in nine of or to attend conferences, symposia and workshops or- these projects. ganised by the Academy’s research units. In addition, 233 visits were undertaken by Academy research unit These activities continue a tradition begun when the staff and Academy members. Academy was founded that has become a politically essential element in the international network of rela- In the last few years, the Academy has continued tionships and as part of its function of opening doors the bilateral contacts with academies of sciences in and building bridges.

Country Institution Country Institution

Albania Albanian Academy of Sciences, Tirana Bulgaria Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku Canada Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa

Belarus National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, China Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Minsk China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing Belgium Royal Academy of Sciences and fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels China Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences, Lhasa 216 International Relations

Country Institution Country Institution

Croatia Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Moldova Academy of Sciences and Arts of Moldova, Zagreb Chisinau

Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Mongolia Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Prague Ulan Bator

Egypt Academy for Scientific Research and Poland Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Technology of the Arabic Republic of Egypt, Cairo Romania Romanian Academy, Bucharest

Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn Russia Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Finland Academy von Finland, Helsinki The Netherlands Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam France National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris Serbia Serbian Academy of Sciences, Belgrade

Georgia Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi Slovakia Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava

Great Britain Royal Society, London Slovenia Slovenian Academy of Sciences und Arts, Ljubljana Great Britain British Academy, London South Korea Korean Academy of Sciences and Greece Academy of Athens, Athens Technology, Seoul

Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Spain Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Budapest Madrid

Iran Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Repu- Sweden Royal Academy of Literature, History and blic Iran, Teheran the Antiques, Stockholm

Ireland Royal Irish Academy, Dublin Sweden Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm Israel Israeli Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem Switzerland Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences, Bern Italy National Academy of Sciences, Rome Taiwan Academia Sinica, Taipei Kosovo Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo, Prishtina Tajikistan Tajik Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe

Latvia Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga Turkey Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara Lithuania Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilnius Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev Macedonia Macedonian Academy of Sciences und Arts, Skopje Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts of Vojvodi- na, Novi Sad 217

Information Management

Head: Alexander Höfer

The Administrative Office for Information Manage- annual reports and the work on the Intellectual Capital ment was founded in 2007 and organises the flow Report. Improved reports provide a better overview of information in and between the Academy’s or- and monitoring possibilities. ganisational units and between the Academy and the relevant surroundings. Evaluations of research units were supported for the first time in 2009 by means of AkademIS data ex- A central but by no means only tool for this is the tracts in a pilot project. Here again, use was made of web-based (research) information system AkademIS, data already input, which was of considerable benefit which stores the Academy’s research data, organisa- to the research units in their preparation of the docu- tional data and member details. ments for the evaluators.

In 2008 again, a major part of the Academy’s 2007 As a result of the adjustments to Eurostat during the pe- Intellectual Capital Report was prepared with the r i o d u n d e r r e v i e w , 2 0 0 9 a l s o i n c l u d e d a n R & D s u r v e y b y assistance of AkademIS. At the same time, various Statistik Austria, which this time was handled entirely tools made available to the research units simpli- by AkademIS. The second half of the year was domi- fied the production of these units’ annual reports. nated by the development of AkademIS 2.0. Until The strategy of making repeated use of data input the very last minute, the user interface was re- only once was also consistently pursued in 2008. fined and many hours invested in software quality assurance. AkademIS 2.0 was made available to The Statistik Austria R&D survey, hitherto a time- the whole Academy in September. consuming filling out of paper forms, was simpli- fied for the research units, which merely had to use In order to improve the coordination of the Acad- the AkademIS data and the fully electronic data emy’s range of services with the requirements of the exchange. In 2008, the demand increased for a new central administration, needs analysis discussions version of the AkademIS user interface, which was were conducted with all the heads of the adminis- the starting signal for AkademIS 2.0, the aim of trative departments and service units. These discus- which was an improved search and hence an improved sions were completed in 2009 and the results taken user access to AkademIS data, personalisation into account in the development plan for AkademIS possibilities and improved usability with a flatter and the administrative office. learning curve. A central role in the new development process was played by usability tests in which Towards the end of the year, the server infrastructure prototypes of the new AkademIS interface were on which AkademIS runs was replaced, which led to tested by its users. This made it possible to identify a perceptible increase in speed for all users. A further weak points at an early stage and increase the accept- opportunity to reuse data already input is the presen- ance of the final product. tation on the research units’ home pages. A number of research units have been linked to AkademIS in a At the beginning of each year, the Information prototype operation. This possibility of presenting Management office is responsible for providing sup- AkademIS data on homepages is encountering great port to the research units in the preparation of the interest and is gradually being expanded. >

Fellowships and Awards

Head: Barbara Haberl

Each year around 230 scientists are financed by means the Federal Ministry of Science and Research were of fellowships, awards and project subsidies. subjected to an external evaluation: APART, DOC, DOC-fFORTE, DOC-team and ROM. The report The fellowship programmes are mainly financed by the evaluation team led by Dr Reinhard Grunwald, by funds from the Federal Ministry for Science the former Secretary General of the German Research and Research (FMSR) together with revenue from Society (DFG) confirmed that the Academy’s funding sponsoring and private foundations such as the Max philosophy with its focus on individual funding, support Kade Foundation, L’ORÉAL Austria and the City of for international mobility and the encouragement of Vienna. women, is being successfully implemented and that the Academy’s fellowship programmes have an important Fellowships system function in the context of the promotion of The number of applications for the APART, DOC, young researchers in Austria. DOC-fFORTE and MAX KADE programmes remained relatively constant as compared with Within the framework of the evaluation, a wide-scale the previous years. The percentage of applications poll was carried out amongst current and former fellow- accepted for the DOC doctoral programme increased ship recipients and unsuccessful applicants. This study slightly in 2009 as compared with the previous year, showed overall a high level of satisfaction with the de- from 25 to 28%, while 21% of APART applications sign of the funding programmes and the administration were accepted in 2009, a further slight fall as compared by the Office for Fellowships and Awards at the Acad- with previous years. emy. The majority of the persons polled regarded the receipt of an Academy fellowship as a particular honour In 2009, more than twice as many applications were and above all appreciated the possibility of being able to filed for DOC-team than in previous years; this research abroad within the framework of the Fellowship. year again, fewer scholarships were awarded, and Nine out of ten recipients would beyond doubt decide the number of successful applicants fell from 52% again in favour of an Academy fellowship, a remarkably to just under 15%. high percentage even in international terms.

MAX KADE In addition, the poll provided evidence that the funding The target group for the MAX KADE funding objectives defined in the programme statutes – award programme, which uses funds from the Max Kade of doctorate in the case of the doctoral programme and Foundation in New York to finance research visits post-doctoral degree or an equivalent accomplishment to the USA, was expanded: applications can now be through publication of corresponding works in the case made by scientists in all fields of research, instead of of APART – are essentially satisfied: 87% of the DOC previously being limited to the fields of medicine, fellowship recipients were awarded doctorates within four natural sciences and technical sciences. years after conclusion of the fellowship and 72% of former APART recipients obtained post-doctoral qualifications. Evaluation of the fellowship programmes In 2008, five funding programmes for doctorates and Awards post-doctorates at the Academy financed by funds from Unfortunately the Foundation’s financial situation meant Fellowships and Awards < that five Academy awards had to be dropped: theErich “Artistic, cultural and urban development in Vienna” Schmid Award, the Felix Kuschenitz Award, the Fritz Pregl in all fields of the social and cultural sciences and the Award and the Figdor Awards for law, social sciences and humanities. In 2009, projects were submitted on the economics, and for linguistics and literature. topics of “Structure formation” in the fields of the natural sciences, mathematics, information sciences However, in the period under review two awards were also and all applied natural sciences. Two research projects announced for the first time. The Karl Schlögl Award was can be funded up to a maximum of Euro 80,000 each set up at the initiative of Rosemarie Schlögl in memory year within the framework of the Anniversary Fund. of her husband, the former Secretary General and Vice President of the Academy, and is awarded for an excellent New awards diploma thesis or dissertation in the field of chemistry. In 2009, awards to the amount of Euro 3,700 were conferred for the first time for publications by scientists Dr Alfred Bader, who has already donated two awards working at an Academy research unit. In the field of the to the Academy, has set up a further award for the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences, the promotion of young researchers. The Bader Prize for Best Paper Award is given to the author of an original the History of Natural Sciences is intended to support article published or accepted for publication in a peer- collaboration between historians and natural scientists reviewed international scientific journal; in the field of and serve as a stimulus for the development or further the Section for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, development of a research project or dissertation. the Award for the Best Publication is given to the author of a monograph published in the previous year. Anniversary Fund of the City of Vienna for the Austrian Academy of Sciences Information on the fellowship recipients and the means In 2008, research projects were funded on the topic of for applying for all the programmes can be found on the Academy’s website: www.stipendien.at 220

Facility Management

Head: Helmut Schuch

The Office for Building and Facility Management t Vienna 9th District, Boltzmanngasse 3: restorati- plans and coordinates matters concerning the buildings on of the facade and construction of a lift tower and the rooms of the Academy itself and of the state with a passenger lift. buildings made available to the Academy for its use. In t Vienna 16th District, Savoyenstrasse 1a: handling a de- order to optimise the resources, the Office also operates velopment planning stage, demolition of house No. 8. an extensive facility management programme for all the t Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12: laboratory installations in sites. The department’s aim is to provide competent and the basement, construction of the TEM Laboratory reliable services for the research operations and their staff t Mondsee, Mondseestrasse 9: planning and start of by providing the best possible working environment. conversion work at the Institute for Limnology In accordance with its functions, the Office is divided into the Building Department, Facility Management, Future projects were prepared in the form of studies Safety Services and Building Management. These ac- and preliminary drafts: tivities, carried out in collaboration with the in-house t New building for the Institute for Biomedical Age technical staff or the persons responsible for the prop- Research at the UMIT Campus in Hall in Tyrol. erties at the currently over 30 sites, and in co-operation t Revitalisation of the Old University of Vienna, with the safety and health protection preventive serv- Postgasse 7 – 9, 3rd construction stage (OeAW ices, enable the Office to provide the best possible sup- City Campus) port for the staff at their work places. t Institute for Particle Physics (HEPHY and SMI): study on the site of the Atomic Institute, Stadionallee. The Building Department’s field of activities comprises all the phases of building and equipment planning, An overview and further information on the Academy’s from initial studies up to site supervision, with adapta- building projects can be found in the master plan. tion and maintenance measures being to the fore in the period under review. In 2008 and 2009, the following The Facility Management department provides a stra- projects were implemented: tegic framework for the efficient administration of the t Vienna 1st District, Dr. Ignaz Seipel Platz: renova- land, buildings, facilities, equipment, machinery, instal- tion of the conference room; conversion of offices lations and infrastructures (“facilities”) and their adapta- on the 2nd floor. tion to changing needs. In 2009, within the framework t Vienna 1st District, Bäckerstrasse 5: renting and of a facility inventory, all assets were recorded Austria- adaptation of offices wide using the Academy’s CAFM tool. This was based t Vienna 1st District, Fleischmarkt 20-22: redesign on plans and corresponding floor plan catalogues from of office premises and the sanitary facilities. the CAFM program. In the field of property manage- t Vienna 1st District, Reichsratsstrasse 17: conversi- ment, the department assisted in various tenancy nego- on and refurbishment of the work rooms. tiations (including for RICAM Vienna VBC site) and t Vienna 1st District, Liebiggasse 5: refurbishment the closure of the “Hall of Sciences” and the Lunz site. of the functional elements in a group of offices and archive rooms. The Safety Service provides advice to staff on mat- t Vienna 1st District, Postgasse 7-9 / Stöckel: conver- ters of work safety and workplace design. Periodic in- sion of offices and ancillary rooms on the 1st floor. spections of the work premises and the building sites Facility Management 221 ensure that the statutory worker protection regula- Building Management is responsible for efficient tions are implemented. In 2009, an evaluation was every-day management of the properties. In the last made of the sites at Technikerstrasse 21a, Innsbruck two years, it has also been responsible for coordinating (IQOQI), and Reichsratstrasse 17 Vienna, 1st District cleaning, repair and maintenance services and for (PHA, ESR), and safety training courses (fire protec- the management of relocation activities and the tion) were organised. administration of the furnishings. 222

Event Management

Head: Martina Milletich

The Event Management’s task is to handle the The participation of the Academy research units in the organisation and implementation of scientific events Long Night of Research has become a regular event in held by the Presiding Committee, the Academy’s the Academy’s calendar. It is used to present current research units or selected external organisers at the Dr. research projects from almost all the fields of research Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2 and Sonnenfelsgasse 19 sites. represented at the Academy. This event is targeted at schoolchildren, students and adults and each year Two basic trends emerged in the science-related events attracts around 2000 highly interested visitors. in the 2008/09 period: a significant increase in the demand for the historical events rooms and the increase A little more than one half of the scientific events (62 in the number of events organisers. out of 117) were accounted for by external organisers in 2008. In 2009, this share fell to around one third Overview of the events held at the Academy in 2008-2009 (46 out of 141). The organisers are the Vienna- 117 events of a scientific character were held in 2008; based universities, private universities, ministries, the historical events rooms of the Academy were international scientific societies, institutions of the booked for 192 days – the difference resulting from European Commission, business enterprises, lobbies the fact that some events lasted more than one day. and NGOs. Thus the circle of scientific and science- In 2009, the number of events increased to 141 (up related institutions traditionally linked with the 20% over the previous year), while room occupation Academy increased significantly in 2008/09. increased by 17% to 225 days. The Academy’s public function: In 2008, the Academy could also make use of the communication of knowledge Hall of Sciences (Wollzeile 27a) for scientific events. The Academy plays an important role in the In 2009, this venue was only available to the Academy communication and mediation of knowledge: thus in until June, and was then taken over by the FMSR 2008 the Academy conducted the successful public for its exclusive use. The Hall of Sciences was used Johann Radon Lectures, Lise Meitner Lectures and Carl for conferences, lectures, award-giving ceremonies, Auer von Welsbach Lectures. Within the framework of specialist seminars and information events for school- the Ceremonial Session in 2008, a symposium was held children. In 2008 and 2009, the share of science-re- on the topic of Aesthetics and Science, accompanied by lated events was around 55%. an exhibition (14-30 May 2008) in the Hall of Sciences. On the occasion of the commencement of operations of Academy research units and external organisers the LHC particle accelerator (Large Hadron Collider) Roughly one half of the scientific events in 2008 were at the CERN research centre, the “LHC 2008 – The held by Academy research units (55 out of 117). In largest machine in the world looking for the smallest 2009, this share rose to 67% (95 out of 141 events). A particle in the universe” exhibition (organised by the good majority of the scientific events were accounted Institute for High Energy Physics at the Academy for by international conferences, symposia, workshops, and the FMSR) was presented in the Hall of Sciences. lectures, platform discussions, presentations of studies This touring exhibition was open daily from 15 to and books by the Academy’s institutes, research 31 October 2008, and 140 school classes were given departments and commissions. special guided tours through the exhibition. Event Management 223

The public OeAW lecture series Carl Auer von Welsbach for Music and Performing Arts, the City of Vienna Lectures and Eduard Suess Lectures continued to enjoy a and the Orchestra of the Vienna Academy). One of huge success in 2009. As a contribution to the Interna- the musical highlights was the performance of the tional Charles Darwin Year 2009, the Academy planned oratorio “The Creation” in the Festival Hall of the and held an international symposium on “Evolution. Academy on 31 May 2009. The foundations for understanding change in the world”. The event was jointly organised with the FMSR, the An international symposium on the reception of University of Vienna and the City of Vienna. Joseph Haydn in the 21st century (organised together with the Esterházy Privatstiftung, Internationale Under the title “Haydn Lectures 2009”, the Academy Joseph Haydn Privatstiftung Eisenstadt and the arranged the programme for a series of lectures and City of Vienna) brought the Academy’s Haydn events concerts (in collaboration with the Vienna University to a fitting conclusion. 224

'$*

Head: Alexander Nagler

The functions of the Office of the Secretary General of the relevant representatives of the Federal Ministry for the Austrian Academy of Sciences include Science and Research and internally in the coordination t support for the Secretary General in strategic and of the budget with the heads of the administrative operational matters offices. For 2008, a 2008 budget was adopted at the t controlling functions General Meeting on 17.10.2008, while for 2009, a t support for the Academy’s Financial Board of double budget for 2009 and 2010 was adopted at the Trustees. General Meeting on 16.10.2009. The Office of the Secretary General plays a decisive role in monitoring Strategic and operational support the implementation of the budget. Particular attention for the Secretary General is paid on the one hand to compliance with obligations Since 01.07.2009, the Secretary General of the by the federal ministry responsible and secondly to Academy has been f.m. Arnold Suppan. This post compliance with internal budget requirements. Within was held by f.m. Herwig Friesinger from 01.10.2003 the framework of the examination of projects and to 30.6.2009. The support provided to the Secretary resolution materials for the Presiding Committee, the General covers the preparation and follow-up work for Office of the Secretary General’s information functions all business meetings attended by the Secretary General involve the issue of warnings. and all discussions held by the Secretary General with representatives of the federal ministries and other Support for the Financial Board of Trustees of the institutions. Of particular importance is the preparation Austrian Academy of Sciences of documents in advance of budget negotiations with The Office of the Secretary General also handles all the Federal Minister for Science and Research and matters for the Academy’s Financial Board of Trustees the support provided to the Secretary General during set up in 2008. A total of four meetings were held in these negotiations. The Office is also the interface 2008 and 2009. The Financial Board of Trustees of the between the Secretary General and the administrative Austrian Academy of Sciences deals with the assessment departments for which he acts as chairman according and analysis of the accounts, advice on matters of to the Academy’s internal rules: these are the Office of financial planning and the review of financial matters in the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences, terms of efficiency, economy and appropriateness. The the Accounting Office, the Human Resources Office, Office assists the members of the Financial Board of the Legal Office and the Facility Management Office Trustees by preparing documents related to the items on (together with the Office of the Section for Mathematics the agenda in consultation with the Board’s chairman. and Natural Sciences). The Office of the Secretary General’s team Controlling: planning, monitoring and information The Office of the Academy’s Secretary General of the The functions in the field of controlling include in Academy is led by Dr Alexander Nagler (alexander. particular the planning activities in the field of project [email protected]), who has been the Academy’s coordination, the preparation of the budget and financial controller since 1 May 2006. Ms Martina Maidl (martina. and liquidity planning. The preparation of the overall [email protected]) has been responsible since 18 August budget by merging and consolidating the Academy’s 2008 for the Secretary General’s administrative functions part budgets takes place externally in coordination with and for support in controlling issues. 225

'+ and Social Sciences

Head: Lisbeth Triska

The Office of the Section for the Humanities and can be prepared in advance in the best possible way Social Sciences at the Austrian Academy of Sciences is while minimising the burden placed on the research responsible for the administration and for all matters units and their staff. concerning the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences. It sees itself as a link between the members, The following are examples of the activities from the research units and the Presiding Committee, and the period under review: has an advisory role in the preparation of decisions for all these units and bodies. In 2008, it was decided to convert a research office into The many functions of the Office can be divided into an institute. This was prepared by the Office through three main areas: the provision of the documents on which the decision t administration of the members was to be based, such as foreign expertise opinions and t administration of the research units the submission of the matter to the administrative bod- t press/book production ies responsible.

Administration of the members of the Section for the In 2009, preparatory and coordination work was provided Humanities and Social Sciences for the conversion of two research units and a commission This aspect comprises the preparation of the meetings into institutes for a limited period of three years. of the Section, the implementation of the Section’s resolutions, the upkeep of the members’ personnel files In 2008, two, and in 2009 four directors were and the preparation, conduct and follow-up work for appointed at the institutes of the Section for the the elections of the Section’s members. In each of 2008 Humanities and Social Sciences. The Office organised and 2009, as laid down in the standing orders, eight the advertisements and selection proceedings and meetings of the Section were prepared, conducted and coordinated the corresponding discussion and decision- followed up. making bodies In addition, the Office is responsible for administering the Section’s dissertation programme. Administration of the research units of the Section for the This programme is intended to promote junior Humanities and Social Sciences researchers, enabling them to carry out independent The Office was responsible for 36 research units in scientific work on their dissertations while being the last two years. The focus was on the the provision involved in a research unit and its programme. of advice to the heads of the units, the preparation of the Section’s budget, the preparation of proposals In 2008, seven dissertation posts were awarded. For for the Section’s scientific objectives, the involvement budgetary reasons, the programme could not be of- in the determination of corporate development, the fered in 2009, although four doctoral students success- monitoring of the scientific programmes, the review of fully completed the programme that year. contracts, staff evaluation, etc. Thanks to the Vienna-related projects administered In particular, the Office of the Section for the and handled by the Office and funded by the Cul- Humanities and Social Sciences sees itself as the first tural Department of the City of Vienna (MA), De- point of contact for the research units so that decisions partment for Scientific and Research Subsidies, the 226 D^DD research units acquired outside funds to the amount the adoption of the resolutions by the Publications of € 374,000 in 2008 and € 345,000 in 2009. Committee, the supervision of the production, the administration of the printing budget, invoice In order to be able to access details of the persons of control and payment instructions. relevance to the Office more quickly and more flexibly, a database was prepared in 2009 containing extensive In the field of book production, prime focus is sociodemographic details about each person. again on providing comprehensive advice to the authors. In the four ordinary and two extraordinary Press/book production meetings of the Publication Commission in 2008, The Office as part of the Academy Press is responsible 110 publications were submitted for production, for the publication of the members’ and the research the acceptance of which was discussed in detail. 71 units’ results. The functions include in particular printed works and one CD were put into production. the submission of manuscripts, the holding of In 2009, finally, 92 manuscripts were submitted to assessment proceedings, the submission of offers, the the Publication Committee for consultation and 103 preparation of the Publications Committee meeting, works were put into production. 227

#-'

Head: Wilhelm Henrich

Expenditure 2008-2009 since 2001 for improvement measures within the The Academy’s “Medium-term Research Programme framework of the Medium-Term Research Programme. 2006-2011” sets out for the public the Academy’s ideas It is only thanks to these special funds that it has been concerning the planning and quality assessment of possible to maintain research operations, since the research activities. International evaluation is a decisive federal budget funds for the Academy’s research units part of this process and extends beyond the current have not been increased. Additional funds have been “medium-term research programme 2006-2011”. It made available to the organisations set up as limited constitutes the basis for the standards against which the liability companies, namely the IMBA – Institute for Academy measures its units and is at the same time an Molecular Biotechnology, the GMI – Gregor Mendel important feedback to the units concerning the quality Institute for Molecular Plant Biology and the CeMM – of their work. The Academy considers that this is an Research Centre for Molecular Medicine. exemplary initiative for Austrian research that can be applied beyond its own organisation. The results of Thanks to projects commissioned by the EU, the the last evaluation cycle have been made available to federal state, the provinces and local government the public and comprise recommendations in part of a authorities, and thanks to project funds provided structural and in part of a thematic nature. They serve as by the Research Subsidy Fund and other organisa- the basis for measures such as an increase or reduction tions and funding bodies, around 30% of expenditure of personnel, a change in the research objectives within was raised in competition with national and interna- existing units and also for fundamental decisions such tional research organisations. as the closure, merger, opening or transfer of units. The bar charts distinguish between ordinary budget However, in order to implement the results of research funds and third-party funds. As shown by the details evaluation, corresponding financial preconditions must in these diagrams, over 60% of the research units’ funds be satisfied. At the initiative of the federal government, were spent on personnel. The remainder was distributed the Academy has been awarded additional funds by the across investments, contracts for work and services, Council for Research and Technology Development material and operating costs. >

Human Resources

Head: Katja Fiala

The Human Resources Office is the unit that administers highly efficient four-man team, handles its agenda cen- all the personnel matters for all Academy staff. Within trally, currently focussing on personnel administration the OeAW’s presidential structure, the Office is for the whole of the Academy’s personnel; it also forms responsible to the Academy’s Secretary General. the interface to the payment of salaries.

The Academy, Austria’s largest non-university research The main functions in the field of personnel manage- institution, currently employs (as of March 2010) ment are very varied, with the following being provided 1,143 employees at 29 sites in 10 regions in Austria. merely as examples: The Academy has always had a “section structure”, for historical reasons, and the research units that are part Strategic and operative agenda of the Academy are grouped into fields of research in the Employment law and contracts Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences and into t Implementation of the binding statutory employ- centres in the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences. ment law regulations t Maintenance of contact with and advice to the heads Currently, the Mathematical-Natural Sciences cluster of the Academy’s research and administrative units comprises 15 scientific institutes and 9 scientific com- t Handling of all requests for personnel and the pre- missions at 22 sites in Austria and two units abroad (Tri- paration and review of all employment contracts este and Geneva/CERN), with a total personnel budget in 2009 of around € 27.8 million and a staff of 570. Measures related to personnel – personnel policies and development The Humanities-Social Sciences cluster is broken down t Implementation and chairing of meetings concer- into 17 scientific institutes and 19 scientific commissions ning personnel-related, cross-subject and cross- at 14 sites as well as two offices abroad (the Austrian Cul- unit issues of the operations as a whole (e.g. the tural Institute in Rome), with a total personnel budget Human Resources Working Party) in 2009 of around € 17.2 million and a staff of 455. t Convening, preparing and chairing the statutory meetings of the Worker Safety Committee The Academy’s research institutes also include the self- t Preparation of proposals for personnel-related mea- managed limited liability research companies, the Insti- sures of general importance tute für Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), the Gregor t Participation in the Equal Treatment Working Mendel Institute (GMI) and the Centre for Molecular Party and participation in the determination of the Medicine (CeMM) with a staff of 282 in 2009. Academy’s affirmative action plan for women t Preparation of guidelines and a list of FAQs in or- In addition to the scientific units, the overall structure der to improve communication between intramu- also includes the Academy’s central administration with ral and extramural administration at present 14 administrative offices and the Academy’s t Participation and involvement in events library, the Academy Press and the Academy’s Informa- tion Technology Services. The personnel budget for this Statistical data analyses sector in 2009 amounted to around € 4.8 million for a t Provision of quality-assured data material for en- total of 118 employees. The Human Resources Office, a quiries and areas within and outside the Academy Human Resources <

t Interface to the FMSR in the field of personnel In order to ensure that the staff, the most important management and therefore also the largest budgetary factor, repre- t Reporting senting 60% of the total budget of the Academy, continues to maintain its level of qualifications and hence Interface to the Academy’s Works Council remains competitive in an international comparison, t Negotiation and implementation of the collective increasing importance will be attached in the coming agreement and the company agreements years to the field of personnel development and very t Contact partner for all matters concerning specifically to affirmative action for women. the Works Council Career models, affirmative action plans for women, Personnel controlling – preparation of staff plan performance management, talent management and t Target – actual comparison / personnel control- further training management are aspects to be men- ling during the year – review of budgetary cover tioned in this context. for existing applications In a knowledge society and specifically in a knowledge- Staff evaluation generating research organisation, it is practically t Preparation of guidelines and proposals for the an obligation to regularly adapt the staff, including implementation of evaluation proceedings and administrative staff, to the needs and requirements of a the switching of staff to permanent posts modern contemporary research operation and to offer t Presence at staff evaluations before the commission possibilities for further qualifications. 230

'/-#

Head: Christian Arthaber

The four staff members (3.2 FTEs) of the Office for Legal t Contract management Affairs are responsible for legal matters concerning the t Interface to external legal consultants Academy, its research units and for the legal basis for the relationship to the limited liability research companies. The legal department’s activities concern above all t Legal advice to the Presiding Committee and the fields of general civil law, in particular contract law, research units commercial and company law, intellectual property t Preparation and reviewing of contracts and draft law, award-of-contract law and tenancy law. The early contracts, conduct of contractual negotiations and involvement of the legal department in those transac- the handling of related legal issues including risk tions that might give rise to legal risks or questions al- management lows the interests of the Academy to be represented in t Legal structure and handling of issues concerning the best way by means of a due diligence examination. the acquisition, transfer and enforcement of intellectual property rights In 2009 the Legal Office drew up, modified or reviewed t Legal assistance for procurement activities over 200 contracts which, in part as a consequence of t Handling of all judicial proceedings including the the long contractual term, involved an accumulated development of litigation strategies contractual value of over € 70 million. 231

'1 and Natural Sciences

Head: Guido Korlath

The Office of the Section for Mathematics and Natural The Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sciences of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) currently comprises 27 research units in seven fields is part of the Academy’s central administration and is – biology and medicine; geosciences; mathematics, responsible for the administration and implementation simulation and metrology; physics and materials of all matters concerning and allocated to the Section. In sciences; environment; space; interdepartmental re- this function, the Office acts as a link between the research search functions. units, the members and the Presiding Committee. It compiles information and prepares decisions for the As a further element of the Academy, particular im- Presiding Committee and is the first point of contact for portance is attached of the members, assisting whom the Section’s research units and members. In connection is one of the Office’s declared objectives. In order to with the research units, one of its main functions is do justice to this concept of service, it is of particular comprehensive advice to the heads, the preparation of importance for the Office to deal appropriately with the Section’s budget, the drafting of concepts for the the concerns of the Section’s members. Section’s scientific objectives, the monitoring of the scientific programme and the review of contracts. The Offices field of responsibility also includes the overall handling of scientific publications submitted to The Office is involved in the Academy’s internal de- the Section. The range of functions here extends from cision-making processes through the participation the receipt of manuscripts, the preparation of quota- of its head in the Academy’s general assemblies, the tions and the preparation and implementation of the meetings of the Section for Mathematics and Natu- corresponding decisions to the supervision of produc- ral Sciences, the meetings of the Presiding Commit- tion and finally the monitoring of invoices. tee, the meetings of the administrative commissions (e.g. the Budget Commission, the Evaluation The Office is also responsible for the administrative field Commission), the meetings of the advisory boards of the national and international research programmes and the commissions, thereby ensuring that the – see the comments in the chapter on “National and resolutions are implemented and co-ordinated. International Research Programmes”. 232

Subsidiaries

Head: Gerhard Schadler

In the period under review, the administration was but also for Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs-und- responsible not only for the three scientific research Instandhaltungs-GmbH. This includes budget matters, limited-liability companies, the administrative handling of projects, above all t IMBA – Institute for Molecular Biotechnology with the federal ministries, reports to the quarterly t GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute for Molecular discussions with the individual subsidiaries and Plant Biology und coordination in connection with issues of relevance to t CeMM – Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, all three subsidiaries.

233

Information Technology Services (ITS)

Head: Melitta Kimbacher

The Academy’s Information Technology Servi- search were also converted to Exchange/Outlook. The ces (ITS) handle the Academy’s information and Academy’s Windows domain operated by the ITS communication technology infrastructure throughout comprises around 730 PCs at 10 sites in Vienna and Austria, operates a large number of central IT servi- at the Victor Franz Hess Research Centre in Graz; cur- ces and provides assistance to the Academy’s units in rently, around 560 mailboxes are administered at the all computing matters. Exchange cluster. At present, 30 Windows servers are used to handle file and printer services and for authen- Server consolidation and user database tication and management functions. In 2008, the ITS focused in particular on the consolidation of its server landscape in order to ensure ÖAWnet & the Vienna telephone network comprehensive IT security, a process that included ac- In 2008, one point of focus in the field of networks quiring SSL certificates for all central servers. New resulted from the relocation of the Institute for servers are as far as possible integrated by means of Limnology in Mondsee. The Institute is being virtualisation technologies in order to make more ef- temporarily accommodated in two alternative locations, ficient use of physical resources such as processor both of which required cabling and equipping with a capacity and memory. At the same time the mo- data network and telephone link. In addition, it was nitoring and management systems were extended necessary to set up a radio link between the two sites. in order to facilitate the optimisation of the computer infrastructure and to ensure the rapid detection In 2009 the necessary infrastructure was installed and remedy of interruptions to operations. In 2009, at the new Vienna branches at Reichsratsstrasse 17 the ITS developed and put into operation a new (Phonogrammarchiv – Audiovisual Research Archive), user database, which in addition to handling the Bäckerstrasse 5 (KIÖS, ÖBL) and Dr.-Bohr-Gasse Academy staff’s accounts and mail addresses also 9/VBC5 (RICAM): cabling, server rooms, network allows the administration of the authorisations for components and integration into the ÖAWnet and various network services. the Vienna telephone network. In addition, data line capacity was increased at the sites at Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel- Reorganisation of the administration & exchange Platz 2, Fleischmarkt 20–22, Kegelgasse 27, Strohgasse service computer infrastructure 45, Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8, Techgate and at the KLIVV. The central administration’s computer infrastruc- The ACC is also involved in the planning work for ture was likewise consolidated and updated in sum- the new CeMM building on the site of the Vienna mer 2009. The previous Novell servers were replaced General Hospital. The aim is to establish an expandable by Windows servers, and the total of around ICT infrastructure and a high-capacity link to 100 PCs of the Academy’s administration units – in- the Austrian science network ACOnet via the cluding the Academy Press and the library – were Medical University of Vienna. equipped with a uniform up-to-date software using Exchange/Outlook as groupware. Following this In the field of telephony, the upgrading of the voicemail work (at the request of the institutes) the Novell system and the installation of an additional telephone systems at the Institute for Demography, the KLIVV system on the basis of Voice over IP (VoIP) in 2009 and a department within the Institute for Space Re- constituted a first step towards unified communications. 234 )D#)D

Inventory & interfaces Software licences & training courses In 2009, the Buildings Department, together with ITS distributes licensed software products by Adobe, Accounting Office, drew up an inventory of the Apple, Corel, Microsoft, SPSS and other manufacturers facilities throughout Austria, which was then integrated that can be acquired at lower cost thanks to the into the Facility Management System. ITS provided Academy’s participation in the Austria wide Campus considerable support in the field of the hardware and Licence Contracts for educational institutions. software equipment. ITS also implemented the regular In 2008 and 2009, a total of 2,374 licences for 76 data exchange between the Accounting Office, Facility different software products were acquired by the Management and AcademIS via defined interfaces. Academy’s units via ITS.

ITS web pages & Academy web pages For the most frequently used of these products, ITS ITS is striving to provide more information materials provides training courses for small groups several times such as folders, charts, reports etc in order to improve a semester – in 2008 and 2009, a total of 24 courses the information available to the Academy’s computer were held with a total of 136 participants. users about its activities and range of services. To this purpose, the contents of the ITS web pages Cooperation activities were also revised and extended in 2008/2009. ITS represents the Academy’s interests in various The technical basis used is now the Typo3 content national and international IT working parties (ACOnet, management system (CMS), which considerably ARGE-Secure, ARGE-Software, OCG, TERENA) and facilitates the updating of the pages. in 2008 organised and handled a number of events for such groups: in April, roughly 30 representatives of Typo3 is also being used increasingly for the Academy the Austrian universities met for an ARGE-Software units’ web pages. For instance, CeMM, SMI and conference at the Academy, in September a two-day the Human Resources office have been provided with meeting for around 80 international IT security experts their own Typo3 instances to create and update their web was held in the Conference Hall, and in October the pages. In addition, preparations have been underway Academy welcomed around 80 participants of the for some time on the conversion of the Academy’s main Austrian science network ACOnet as part of a three- web page to Typo3. day ACOnet and ArgeSecure working party meeting. 235

Internal Audit

Head: Christophe Millischer

Internal Audit (IR), unlike the Accounting Office In 2008, Internal Audit examined the economic situ- and Controlling, is not directly involved in operative ation of AGEI (Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs- und processes and is thus unprejudiced in its activities. Instandhaltungs-GmbH, the company responsible for However, it must be capable of forming its own well- building and maintenance work) and the final settle- founded opinion on transactions so that constructive ment of the Bohrgasse project (the laboratory building and usable recommendations can be drawn up for the was occupied in 2006). Together with the building departments concerned, the Auditing Committee (IA department, Internal Audit subjected the Academy’s is responsible to the Auditing Committee, chairman infrastructure costs (rent, energy, cleaning) to a Professor Zechner) and the Presiding Committee. critical examination. In 2008, IA addressed the Acad- emy’s liquidity, and hence the budgeting process, IA’s function is to identify risks, put forward propos- for the first time. als for improvement and to ensure that the principle of efficiency (economy, cost-effectiveness and purposeful- In 2009, Internal Audit continued the work on liquidity ness) is complied with. IA’s activities are regulated by and the budgeting process begun in 2008, with the aim the Auditing Rules and the annual working plans. of forming an opinion within the Auditing Committee. The second item of the 2009 working plan concerned The Academy’s Internal Audit office was set up in the Academy’s staff. This was not an auditing activity November 2002 and consists of one person. Its field of but rather the compilation of information that Internal activities covers the Academy’s resources and organisation. Audit can use to help form its own opinion.

236

#!"*3"5- "6"-*3+

Head: Gerhard Schadler

Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs-und-Instand- – Gregor Mendel Institute for Molecular Plant Biology haltungs-GmbH (AGEI) was founded in 1997 with building cooperative at Dr. Bohrgasse 3, 1030 Vienna, the aim of making available low-cost high-quality with a total project volume of EUR 60 million. Since the laboratories and offices for the Academy’s research building was occupied in January 2006, AGEI has, as in institutions. Following completion of the Victor Hess Graz, been responsible for administering the building. research centre in Graz, at Schmidlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz Messendorf, AGEI GmbH now arranges for the At the same time AGEI GmbH was involved in 2006 necessary repair work, maintenance and servicing by with the planning work for the CeMM (Research qualified specialist companies. Center for Molecular Medicine) research building on the site of the Vienna General Hospital. This project From 2000 to 2005, the AGEI worked on the project for was taken over by Bundes Immobilien Gesellschaft in the IMBA– Institute of Molecular Biotechnology / GMI 2008 and will be completed in May 2010. 237

Library and Archive

Head: Christine Harrauer

Aims and Functions institutions are collected in full at the library to an extent that cannot be equalled by Austrian university Bibliothek libraries or the National Library. The library of the Academy consists of literature relating to the humanities and – to a greater extent – Internally, the Academy can make use of the online the natural sciences. It has always essentially been an databases of the ISI Web of Science and the RDB legal exchange library: It maintains contractually regulated database, and internally and externally the ALEPH book exchange partnerships with 1,049 academies library database. Negotiations have been in progress and other academic institutions in 432 locations for some time on setting up one or more consortia of in 82 different countries (see Fig. 1). These serve online databases and electronic journals. The estimated to disseminate knowledge acquired in Austria and cost of this project is around EUR 1.2 million. Since the published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press corresponding acquisitions, approved by the Academy’s throughout the world and also help to make knowledge Presiding Committee in 2004, have so far been postponed published elsewhere available in Austria. This ensures as a result of budgetary difficulties, it was decided in 2009 that in particular the Austrian and foreign works of to implement the project step-by-step over the next few scientific academies and the publications of key similar years, beginning with EUR 500,000 for 2010.

Tauschbeziehungen der ÖAW-Bibliothek Ägypten China Indonesien Kuba Nordkorea Schweiz Türkei Albanien Costa Rica Iran Lettland Norwegen Serbien Turkmenistan Argentinien Dänemark Irland Litauen Österreich Slowenien Ukraine Armenien Deutschland Island Luxemburg Philippinen Slowakei Ungarn Aserbaidschan Estland Israel Marokko Polen Spanien Uruguay Australien Finnland Italien Mazedonien Portugal Sri Lanka USA Belgien Frankreich Japan Mexiko Puerto Rico Südafrika Usbekistan Bosnien und Georgien Jordanien Moldawien Rumänien Südkorea Vatikanstadt Herzegowina Griechenland Kanada Montenegro Russische Syrien Venezuela Brasilien Großbritannien Kasachstan Namibia Föderation Taiwan Vietnam Bulgarien Guatemala Kolumbien Neuseeland Saudi-Arabien Tschechische Weißrussland Chile Indien Kroatien Niederlande Schweden Republik Zypern

*+O@08(P "> Library and Archive

Over the last few years, an average of 6,000 print In 2008, the archive was entrusted with family docu- publications have been acquired each year. As of the ments and literature on Gregor Mendel together with end of 2009, the total stock was 355,913 books. This a bust, as well as documents concerning Franz Serafin figure includes not only individual monographs but also Exner for appropriate storage and investigation. In No- 12,500 journals and series. It should be stressed that of vember 2008, as part of the South Arabian Symposium these, 4,371 titles can only be found in the Academy of the University of Vienna, the archive organised an library and nowhere else in Austria. exhibition on South Arabian Research and the Glaser Collection in the Academy’s Johannes Hall. The function of the Academy library is not only to index and make available the stock entrusted directly In 2000 the archive, together with the Woldan Col- to it but also to take care of the special book inventories lection, contributed exhibits to the exhibition on the at Academy research units (including those outside “Peyer-Weyprecht Expedition to the North Pole” Vienna). The collections of 26 research units of the (see below). In connection with a documentary film Academy were fully recorded by the end of 2009 and a entitled “72 names in Czech History” by the Czech further three are in progress. television channel CTV, the archive undertook research on the physicist František Adam Petřina At the end of 2009, the library of the former Schwind (1788–1855) and the zoologist Samuel Friedrich von Commission for European Law, International and Stein (1818–1885); the corresponding filming took Foreign Private Law of the Academy (approx. 800 place in the library in September 2009. volumes and approx. 400 imprints), which had been located at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for European Woldan Collection Law since the Commission was dissolved, was returned Work is continuing on selected items in the Woldan to the Academy library. Collection in collaboration with the Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Archive Medicine; the Edition Woldan has been used for the The archive stores 56 academic bequests – some of which publication of monographs since 2008. are very extensive – of researchers who had a special relationship with the Academy. These bequests, which form part of the cultural heritage, often include unique items, such as the correspondence and manuscripts of renowned scholars from Austria and abroad, which are of great interest to academics around the world. The material includes special archives such as the collection of the former Academy Institute for Radium Research, which brought many researchers from the USA, Greece and Germany to Vienna in recent years.

The archive is also the “memory” of the Academy. It stores historical minutes of meetings, files of great importance to the history of the Academy, experiment notes, photographs of scientific experiments, reports, manuscripts, expert opinions, contracts and so on.

The variety of the research pursued at the Academy now and in the past is reflected in the specific arrangement of the archive completed in 2008; it is linked electronically to the 1,459 historical minutes from 1847 to 1897 digitised in 2009, and the 46 volumes on the history of the Academy, thus making all of these more easily accessible to research. *+O*^+Q- This was assisted by regular cataloging work in ;D8>W^- the form of archiving support systems. (P Library and Archive "<

Loans from the Woldan Collection were made available Bibliography to the following for exhibitions: “Fernberger’s time t Robert Wallisch, Die Entdeckung der indischen travel to the end of the world”, the Upper Austrian State Thomas-Christen. Zwei italienische Quellen des Exhibition, Schloss Eggenberg brewery, 29.4-2.11.2008; 16. und 17. Jh. aus der Wiener ,Sammlung Wold- “The Payer-Weyprecht North Pole Expedition 1872- an‘ (Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar). Mit ei- 1874”, Josephstadt District Museum, 4.5-31.10.2009, nem Anhang zur frühneuzeitlichen Kartographie “190 years of the Erste Bank”, Erste Bank, main office, Indiens von Gerhard Holzer. Vienna, Verlag der Graben 21; 25.9.-2.11.2009; „Renaissance – The ÖAW 2008. (Edition Woldan 1). History of Slovak Fine Art”, Slovak National Gallery, t Robert Wallisch, Magellans Boten. Die frühesten Bratislava; 1.12.2009-10.4.2010. Berichte über die erste Weltumsegelung: Maxi- milianus Transylvanus, Johannes Schöner, Pietro In 2008 the Oelzelt Foundation financed the purchase Martire d’Anghiera. (Lateinischer Text, Über- of the diaries of Ferdinand v. Hochstetter on the Novara setzung und Anmerkungen). Vienna, Verlag der voyage round the world (see Fig. 2). Each year, numerous ÖAW 2009. (Edition Woldan 2). guided tours of the library, the archive and the Woldan t Almanach 158 (2008), prepared and editied in Collection are conducted for members of Austrian and collaboration with the Office of the President of foreign research institutions and for students. the Austrian Academy of Sciences. 240

National and International Research Pro grammes

Head: Günter Köck

Introduction t Unique position: for many research questions (e.g. The research programmes listed below are financed by the on issues specific to Austria, biosphere reserves), the Federal Ministry for Science and Research (BMWF) and ÖAW research programmes are the only source of administered by national committees established at the funding available in Austria. In certain very Aust- Austrian Academy of Sciences. The national committees, ria-specific projects (e.g. MAB research in and for consisting of renowned scientists and representatives of Austrian biosphere reserves), national interest and/ several ministries and federal organizations have, among or added value for society as a whole might have other things, the following tasks: priority over the usually required global academic t co-ordination of the research activities in their res- excellence. The national committees have the aca- pective research sector demic competence to decide on such issues. t formulating programme based research strategies t quality assurance of the funded research projects The research proposals submitted after specific project t development of new research focuses calls are granted by the national committee after an t stimulation und funding of new research projects external peer review. Furthermore, the scientific quality and scientific co-operation. of both the results and project reports are also reviewed by the national committee. Further information on The national committees, made up of top experts in current projects can be obtained from the ÖAW their respective fields, see their main task as facing glo- website (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/deutsch/forschung/ bal change proactively by establishing timely strategic programme/programme.html). research foci. The projects administered by the national committees have a high significance for the Austrian In order to increase both scientific output and public research environment in terms of: access to the results of projects financed by the ÖAW t Promotion of young researchers: the projects fun- researchprogrammes, the option of online publication ded by the research programmes provide a unique (including ISBN and DOI) of project reports was opportunity for attracting excellent young resear- introduced in cooperation with Austrian Academy of chers in areas that are important for Austria. This Sciences Press. To date 25 project reports (accessible helps to avoid brain drain and to start up internati- by full-text search with all WWW search engines) onal careers at foreign top research locations. can be downloaded from the Austrian Academy of t Added value for society as a whole: the research Sciences Press homepage (http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/ carried out in the programmes not only serves the forschungsprogramme). interests of the scientific community but in many cases provides enormous added value for society All ÖAW research programmes are either part of in- as a whole (e.g. sustainable coexistence of humans ternational scientific programmes (UNESCO, UNO, with the environment; provision for natural ha- ICSU, EU) or linked to international research pro- zards, raising awareness of issues through coopera- grammes through contracts and scientific co-operation with schools, knowledge transfer work, deve- tions. The ÖAW research programmes are represented lopment aid). International research programmes in many international scientific conferences and in like “Man and the Biosphere” explicitly require UNESCO bodies by national committee members such added value. and the head of the ÖAW research programmes unit. National and International Research Programmes 241

Günter Köck, for example is a delegate on the In- ternational Coordinating Council of the Man and Biosphere Programme MAB-ICC, consisting of 34 countries out of 193 member states, and is a member of the Scientific Council of the UNESCO-BRESCE Regional office in Venice.

The work as well as the scientific expertise of the research programmes is communicated to the public by targeted public relations work. The achievements of the research programmes are also presented at national and international conferences as well as in popular-scientific print media.

Amongst others the research programmes contributed to the following important international conferences: *+9%`|8O t 3rd World Biosphere Reserves Congress “Biosphere Fu- tures, UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for Sustainable Alpine Research Development”, February 4-9, 2008, Madrid (Spain). This programme is part of the research co-operation t 4th IGBP Conference “Sustainable Livelihoods in “International Scientific Committee on Alpine a Changing Earth System”, May 5–9, 2008, Cape Research (ISCAR)”. Partners of ISCAR are the Austrian Town (South A frica). Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), the Swiss Academy of t UNESCO International Experts Meeting “Clima- Sciences (SANW), the Swiss Academy of Humanities te Change and Arctic Sustainable Development: and Social Sciences (SAGW), the Bavarian Academy scientific, social, cultural and educational chan- of Sciences and Humanities, the Slovenian Academy ges”. March 3-6, 2009, Monte Carlo (Monaco) of Sciences and Arts as well as relevant institutions t 21st Session of the International Co-ordinating in Italy (Italian Mountains Institute - IMONT) and Council of the Man and the Biosphere Programme France (University and Research Pole Grenoble). The (MAB-ICC), May 25–29, 2009, Jeju Island (Korea) aim of the research programme is to promote alpine- t 35th Session of the General Conference of wide and interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of UNESCO, October 6–23, 2009, Paris (France) alpine research and the transfer of scientific results into practice and to the public. Main research topics The book project “Planet Austria: rock - water - life” are among others global change, water, traffic, natural (eds.: G. Köck, L. Lammerhuber, W. E. Piller; Edition disasters, biodiversity, social economy and geoscience. Lammerhuber and Austrian Academy of Sciences Since 2007 the programmes “Alpine research” and Press; 408 pages, ISBN 978-3-901753-13-8), officially ISDR are co-financing the new interdisciplinary focus introduced to the public in the course of the ceremonial of research “Permafrost in the Austrian Alps”. meeting of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, May 13, 2009, presents the seven international research Geophysics of the earth´s crust programmes administered at the Austrian Academy of The research programme “Geophysics of the Earth’s Sciences through 33 research topics and 58 research Crust” established in the year 1979 is funding projects projects. The wide range of these “earth system sciences” of applied geophysics of the shallow crust, e.g. the serves to highlight the international context of the studies interpretation of potential fields, the modelling of as well as the significance of the individual research electromagnetic data, refined recording technologies projects for scientists and practitioners alike. This for seismic measurements as well as investigations of book has also been presented at the Austrian Embassy mass movements (e.g. landslides, rockfalls). in Paris in the presence of UNESCO representatives. According to the goal of the book, to get students and Global Change Programme non-experts enthusiastic about science, the book has t Established in 1990 this research programme co- been delivered to all Austrian schools providing general vers three international research networks: qualifications for university entrance. The book is also t International Geosphere Biosphere Programme available online at http://www.planet-austria.at/. (IGBP) 242 National and International Research Programmes t World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Since 2007 the programmes ISDR and “Alpine re- t International Human Dimension Programme search” have cofinanced the new interdisciplinary fo- (IHDP) cus of research “Permafrost in the Austrian Alps”.

The Global Change programme is supporting projects dedicated to the study of causes and effects of global International geoscience programme (IGCP) environmental change (e.g. climate, biodiversity). The IGBP programme established in 1973, promotes collaborative projects in several geoscientific The Austrian Global Change National Committee is a research topics exactly defined by UNESCO. Main founding member of the “Alliance of European Global research topics are among others Quarternary Change Research Committees” established in 2008. geology, environmental and engineering geology, Günter Köck and Karl Steininger (University of Graz) sedimentology, mineral deposits, geochemistry, act as representative and deputy representative, respec- geophysics and structural geology. tively, of the national committee in the alliance. The Austrian IGCP national committee has played a Hydrology of Austria leading role in the implementation of the numerous The programme “Hydrology of Austria” is the Austrian Austrian activities dedicated to the “International Year of contribution to UNESCO´s “International Hydrology Planet Earth 2007-2009”. For instance, the international Programme (IHP)”. Current research topics are soil project “Via GeoAlpina” was initiated in Austria by moisture, modelling and forecast of precipitation as Werner Piller and Günter Köck together with national well as water discharge in Alpine catchment areas. “Via Alpina” secretariat at the Austrian Alpine Club and then implemented on an Alpine-wide level by a group Since 2008 the Austrian National IHP-Committee has fo- of geologists from six Alpine countries (Italy, Slovenia, cused theme-supported funding for future research predom- Germany, Switzerland, France and Austria). inantly on the field of “Hydrological processes in a changing environment with special emphasis on predictability”. “Via GeoAlpina” is a collaboration project with “Via Alpina” (http://www.via-alpina.org) the first recognised International Strategy for disaster reduction (ISDR) hiking trail network described in multilingual Established in 1990, this UN research programme aims documentation linking Trieste on the Adriatic Coast to to improve our scientific knowledge about causes and Monaco and the Western Mediterranean. The final goal risks of natural hazards, and to develop early warning of “Via GeoAlpina” is to provide geological information strategies and methods for the reduction, prevention in its broadest sense for the trails of “Via Alpina” and for and mitigation of natural disasters. localities of particular geological importance close by.

In November 2009 Austria was recognized and awarded for its superior and outstanding achievement in implementing IYPE’s aims and ambitions.

Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) The UNESCO research programme “Man and Biosphere (MAB)”, established in 1971, develops the global basis, within the natural and the social sciences, for the sustainable use and conservation of biological diversity, and for the improvement of the relationship between people and their environment.

The MAB Programme encourages interdisciplinary research, demonstration and training in natural resource Fig. 2: High-resolution awalysis of the y-chronosonal variability in selected management. The concept of the biosphere reserve 8+)\ !V|99^ network represents the key component of the MAB D);)( Programme. Biosphere reserves are internationally ;#+|8+DV( recognized areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems National and International Research Programmes 243 promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. Biosphere reserves serve in some ways as “living laboratories” for testing out and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity.

The Austrian MAB national committee working closely also with the Austrian UNESCO Commission is responsible for the submission of an area as a UNESCO biosphere reserve as well as enforcing the UNESCO standards. The Austrian MAB national committee advises and supports those responsible for the biosphere reserves by helping with scientific and technical issues *"+Q|98#- and is the link to the MAB office in Paris. For several ( ! O years the national committee has focused its scientific ;VOQD#8+| activities on the needs of national biosphere reserves. 8+DV( At present the Austrian MAB national committee is in charge of six biosphere reserves. goals were to advise the government on all matters related to the subject and to coordinate the research In 2009, to deepen the involvement of Austrian activities in Austria. In addition to its original tasks in expertise in international MAB research, the MAB the area of information dissemination, the commission national committee started to fund international presently encourages and grants research projects in research cooperations with biosphere reserve the field of fusion technology with special emphasis projects in six foreign countries (Greece, Germany, on the “construction of the experimental fusion device Czech Republic, Chile, Ethiopia and Mexico). ITER”, and coordinates the EURATOM office at the At the 35th Session of the UNESCO General Academy as well as the Austrian participation in the Conference 2009 Austria (represented by the head European fusion experiment JET. of the international research programmes Dr. Günter Köck) was re-elected into the MAB- International The Association EURATOM-ÖAW currently Co-ordinating Council (MAB-ICC) consisting pursues R + D projects on the physics, technology of 34 out of 193 UNESCO member states and socio-economic aspects of relevance for the and thus significantly contributing to the development further development of thermonuclear fusion within and coordination of the MAB programme at an the European Fusion Programme and, in this way, international level for four more years. significantly contributes to the return of funds from the EU to all those Austrian institutions that are Commission for the Coordination of Nuclear Fusion Re- participating in the European fusion programme within search in Austria at the Austrian Academy of Sciences the framework of the association EURATOM-ÖAW. When Austria became a member of the EU, the commission, established in 1980, laid the foundation Between 2008 and 2009 about 70 scientific projects for the implementation of the Association Treaty were financed by the ÖAW research programmes, between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and thereby contributing significantly to the Austrian EURATOM, which came into force in 1996. The main research efforts. 244

Austrian Academy of Sciences Press and Repository

Head: Herwig Stöger

Production and Quality Assurance The database “Motivindex der mittelalterlichen A new author contract giving more rights to authors has Erzählliteratur” was converted from an MS WORD file been in effect since January 1, 2008. The new contract also into an XML Topic Map, and placed on the publication offers the possibility of “hybrid open access.” Nearly all server of the press. publications now appear in both a print and an online format. The overview of members in Hittmair’s “Akademie der To make the journals more professional, a peer review Wissenschaften” was converted into a database and process was initiated. Eight journals published by the made available on the academy homepage. press were included in the first “European Reference Index for the Humanities” of the European Science A register CD and a database function for references were Foundation, of which four were classified as “A”, three developed for the “Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon”. In as “B”, and one as “C”. addition, cooperation was initiated with the “Bayerisches Musikerlexikon Online”. As a result of publication standardization, authors submitting their manuscripts as PDF-files, and an The first ten volumes of the “Österreichisches Biogra- increased use of digital printing technology, it was phisches Lexikon” were digitized and made available in possible to reduce production costs still further. In full text. A read only version of the “Österreichischen total, by the end of 2009 these costs had been lowered Biographischen Lexikon” has been available in open by 60% in comparison to five years earlier. access format since July 2009.

Research and Development Ten years after being established, the press web shop has A new, wiki-based, collaborative publication system been completely restructured. The downloading of PDF- was developed with PMWiki and Wikipublisher files or sound data files is now possible for a fee, and there software. The new system enables authors to work is also a comprehensive database of authors. An interface together on a publication over a web interface, letting between EPUB.OEAW and Akademis was created that them update it and publish it as a typographically enables the easy and automatic transfer of publication data. correct monograph. For the purposes of verification, all changes are recorded in detail. The first two High resolution data of all ÖAW publications were publications to be produced using this new system made available in a newly installed printing data server. were the “Handbuch Strategische Umweltprüfung” This was necessary for eBook distribution, for electron- and the “EPUB.OEAW-Handbuch”. ic off-prints, and especially for data transfer between printing companies. With increasing frequency, au- An editing system was developed and hosted for the thors request electronic off-prints of their articles, and “Enzyklopädie der slowenischen Literatur” in Kärnten these are produced and distributed by the press. of the Academy’s Balkan Commission, as well as for the “Österreichische Familiennamendatenbank (FA- In 2008, the press joined the Portico long term digital MOS)” of the Institute of Lexicography of Austrian preservation and electronic archiving service. Portico Dialects, and for the “Grabungsdokumentation Nuss- was developed by the US Library of Congress for the dorf ob der Traisen” of the Prehistoric Commission. archiving of electronic journals. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press and Repository 245

Financing and Business Operations scholars and institutes for research exchange purposes. A reduction in income occurred as a result of the The press has developed and hosted editing software financial crisis, as well as the “20% regulations” and the free of charge for scientific projects at various research increase of Open Access publications. This, however, institutes. The institutional repository of the ÖAW, was balanced by the decrease in expenditure through epub.oeaw, operated by the press is also being developed the streamlining measures that were undertaken. Each further. Scholarly publications are sold at 20% less than year, approximately 5,000 customers from 80 countries normal trade prices. More and more publications are purchase press publications, and 75% of the production available under open access principles. is exported. As a result of reduced production costs, external financial support has also dropped. Management and Staff Andre Gingrich, a full member of the academy, was Communication and Services elected as the new chairman of the Press Committee The press was represented internationally with its at the beginning of 2008 (deputy: Otto Kresten, full publications at approximately 70 trade fairs, conferences member). Since July 1, 2009, the new commercial and symposia. Over 30 book presentations were held business executives are President Prof. Dr. Denk, Vice in Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic and Croatia, President Prof. Dr. Jalkotzy-Deger, General Secretary among other places, and 100,000 catalogue copies were Prof. Dr. Suppan, and Secretary Prof. Dr. Stingl. distributed to the scientific community. An information During the reporting period, the staff numbers were flyer was produced for each publication, and numerous reduced to the equivalent of 8.95 full-time positions. press releases, ads and inserts were designed. The distribution partnership with the David Brown Book EPUB.OEAW Repository Company in the USA has developed very satisfactorily The institutional repository EPUB.OEAW presents and made a substantial contribution to sales. The ÖAW research results in full text to an international press took over a number of new series, including the audience, thus making the scholarly work being done „Protokolle des österreichischen Ministerrats 1848 bis understandable for the general public and easily usable 1867“, the „Außenpolitische Dokumente Österreichs, for the scientific community. the Sitzungsberichte und Anzeiger der math.-nat. Klasse“, as well as the online issues of the new journal Digital object identifiers, long-term archiving in the „ECOMONT“ and the rights to the old stock of the Austrian National Library, and international networking „Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum“. allows sustainable referencing of publications.

Approximately 50 requests for printing rights and A large number of research sponsors stipulate that reprints are received each year. In 2009, the hits on the the work they have supported be kept in a repository. press website reached nearly 150,000 a month. Altogether, the repository contains the research results of 37 ÖAW institutes, of which 27 are in the Section At a ceremony on November 12, 2009, the proceeds for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, and 10 in from sales of the publication of the latest edition of the the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences. “Poetisches Tagebuch” of Empress Elisabeth, edited by Brigitte Hamann, were presented to the refugee relief In the international directory of repositories ROAR, organization of the UN (UNHCR). which is maintained by the University of Southampton, of 1,565 registered repositories, EPUB.OEAW holds Cooperation the distinguished rank of 58th, with 51,630 documents In the report period, the Press cooperated with Joanneum (Total OAI Records). Research, the China Tibetology Research Center, and the Austrian Research and Training Centre for Forests. In the “Webometrics-info” ranking, EPUB.OEAW also holds an excellent position. EPUB.OEAW Non-Profit Services is registered in DRIVER, the network of European Each year, approximately 10,000 complimentarycopies repositories. The comprehensive epub.oeaw of publications are sent to international libraries, handbook was updated. 246 247 => =< 250