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'Ageing in Place' in Europe

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'Ageing in Place' in Europe PhD THESIS DOCTORAL PROGRAMME IN DEMOGRAPHY Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics / Departament de Geografia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ‘Ageing in Place’ in Europe: A multidimensional approach to independent living in later life Celia Fernández-Carro Supervisors: Dr. Juan A. Módenes Dr. Jeroen Spijker September 2013 This PhD Thesis has been carried out as part of the I+D Project Demographic analysis of housing needs in Spain, 2005-2015 funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (SEJ2007-60119) and directed by Dr. Juan A. Módenes. This thesis has also been funded by the 2013 call of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) research programme Ayudas a la Investigación . This thesis uses data from SHARE wave 4 release 1.1.1, as of March 28th 2013 or SHARE wave 1 and 2 release 2.5.0, as of May 24th 2011 or SHARELIFE release 1, as of November 24th2010. The SHARE data collection has been primarily funded by the European Commission through the 5th Framework Programme (project QLK6-CT- 2001-00360 in the thematic programme Quality of Life), through the 6th Framework Programme (projects SHARE-I3, RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE, CIT5- CT-2005-028857, and SHARELIFE, CIT4-CT-2006-028812) and through the 7th Framework Programme (SHARE-PREP, N° 211909, SHARE-LEAP, N° 227822 and SHARE M4, N° 261982). Additional funding from the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01 AG09740-13S2, P01 AG005842, P01 AG08291, P30 AG12815, R21 AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG BSR06-11 and OGHA 04-064) and the German Ministry of Education and Research as well as from various national sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org for a full list of funding institutions) Agradecimientos Me gustaría comenzar este trabajo expresando mi gratitud a todas aquellas instituciones y personas que han contribuido a que esta tesis viese la luz. En primer lugar, quiero agradecer el soporte continuado que he recibido del Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, lugar que he considerado mi casa durante todos estos años. En especial agradecer a su directora, la Dra. Anna Cabré, la confianza depositada en mí al plantearme el reto de realizar esta tesis doctoral y el haberme brindado todas las oportunidades que lo han hecho posible. Ese agradecimiento lo hago extensivo a todas las personas con las que he tenido la oportunidad de trabajar durante estos años en el centro, por su calidad humana y profesional. También al Departament de Geografía de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona por haberme permitido completar mi formación académica al admitirme en el Programa de Doctorado en Demografía. Dada la dedicación exclusiva a la que muchas veces obliga la investigación, me gustaría agradecer la financiación recibida tanto del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (antiguo Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) a través de la concesión de una ayuda pre-doctoral FPI en 2009 adscrita al proyecto I+D Análisis demográfico de las necesidades de vivienda en España, 2005-2015 (SEJ2007- 60119), como del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, a través de la concesión de una Ayuda para la Finalización de Tesis Doctorales en su convocatoria 2013. Del mismo modo, quiero destacar la excelente labor de mis dos directores el Dr. Juan Antonio Módenes y el Dr. Jeroen Spijker. Ambos habeis sido imprescindibles para que esta tesis llegara a buen puerto. Os agradezco toda la implicación que me habéis mostrado durante el proceso de elaboración de este trabajo, tanto en su fondo como en su forma. Vuestro rigor y sensatez analítica han hecho de este un trabajo mejor. De corazón, gracias por toda vuestra generosidad en lo académico y en lo personal. Una buena parte de este trabajo se realizó durante varias estancias de investigación en otras universidades españolas y europeas. Mi gratitud al Departamento de Análisis Social (antiguo departamento de Ciencia Política y Sociología) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y en especial a la Dra. Constanza Tobío. También al Centre for Population Research (University of Groningen) y al que por aquel entonces era su director Dr. L.J.G van Wissen por las sugerencias sobre el tratamiento de datos. A su vez, al Centre for Population Change de la University of Southampton en Reino Unido, y a su directora la Prof. Jane Falkinham, por aceptar mi visita y poner todos los recursos centro a mi disposición. Ese agradecimiento lo hago extensivo a Yvonne Richarson y Teresa McGowan. También quiero agradecer al Centro for Ageing Research de la University of Southampton, y a su directora la Prof. Maria Evandrou, el haber aceptado mi estancia como estudiante predoctoral. A María Evandrou, a quién debo buena parte del enfoque de esta tesis, le agradezco especialmente todo el tiempo dedicado a la lectura de los capítulos, sus sugerencias y el entusiasmo que supo transmitirme a la hora de abordar el tema de estudio. A mi director Jeroen Spijker, a Cecilia di Lauro, a Eliane Lilly y a Sonia Chager por su excelente labor de corrección del idioma. Mi incursión en el mundo académico se la debo a la Dra. Laura Lorenzo, que me guió en mis inicios como investigadora mucho antes de mudarme a Barcelona. Dada la formalidad que reviste cualquier tesis, me concedo un breve espacio, para dedicarles unas palabras aquellos que en el plano personal han hecho las veces de motor y de puntal. Gracias a todos y a todas por el amor en mayúsculas que he recibido de vuestra parte, más aún por vuestro esfuerzo para hacérmelo llegar en los momentos de derrota. De Barcelona me llevo amistades perfectas, como la que me une a Victoria y Madelín. Los mejores recuerdos que me llevo de esta etapa son inseparables de vuestra imagen y compatir con vosotras este proceso de de crecimiento personal y académico os han convertido en parte de mi familia. Gracias por todo chicas, no sabeis cuanto os voy a echar de menos. También a Thais y a Juan Parejo por estar ahí a pesar de la distancia. La movilidad que exige la vida académica me ha convertido en una nostálgica crónica. Parte de la culpa la tiene mis amigos y amigas de Madrid, que nunca me han permitido olvidar donde está mi casa. A Laurita por ser una tormenta de vida a lado de la cual es imposible rendirse. Caminar contigo desde hace tantos años me hace darme cuenta de que hay cosas que cambian pero permanecen, y a las que aún merece la pena aferrarse. A Lore, que me hizo mucho más dulce el aterrizaje, por todo el calor y la ternura que he recuperado con ella en tan poco tiempo. A Marta y Nora por hacer que la distancia y el tiempo sean anécdotas en nuestras biografías de idas y venidas constantes. Gracias a las cuatro por hacer que, después de tantos años, todo siga siendo como siempre y de verdad. También, a Desfa, a Pichi, a Laura-Lucía-Viki (siempre iréis en trío), a Jimena, a Blanca, y a Carmen. Gracias a todos y a todas por hacer que en los momentos de agotamiento, desorientación y desánimo siempre haya habido una sonrisa que me decía “adelante”. A Edu, por contagiarme de su espíritu indomable. Gracias por compartir conmigo tus sueños y querer formar parte de los míos. Estaba escrito en alguna parte que lo nuestro solo podía ser una carrera de fondo. A mis padres, Rosa y Ángel, que han creído en mi más que yo misma. Gracias por sentiros partícipes de cada paso que he dado y hacer vuestra cada una de mis ilusiones. Sin vuestro esfuerzo, sacrificio y empuje pocas cosas en mi vida habrían sido posibles. Por eso, se me hace realmente difícil expresar en palabras cuanto os debo y cuanto os quiero. A mis tíos, Ana, Esteban, Julián, Montse, a María y Rober, y los recién llegados Diego y Mario. A todos y cada uno de los miembros de mi familia por estar a mi lado siempre y sin condiciones. Por último, me gustaría dedicar esta tesis a mi abuela Sara. Desde que recuerdo y sin quererlo, ella me ha enseñado a apreciar ese otro conocimiento que no está en los libros, que no se aprende en ninguna escuela, que no se encorseta ni normativiza. Gracias abuela por compartir conmigo esas extraordinarias lecciones de intrahistoria que nunca me canso de escuchar. Eres mi tesoro. Table of Contents CHAPTER I. PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH ...................................................... 17 I.1. BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................... 17 I.2. SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL RELEVANCE ..................................................................................................... 20 I.3. WHY EUROPE? WHY NOW? EXPLAINING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL COORDINATES ...................... 21 I.4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 22 I.5. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 27 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 27 PART I: FROM THE STIGMA OF DEPENDENCE TO A POSITIVE AGEING PARADIGM ............. 29 II.1. Introduction Part I ............................................................................................................................................. 29 II.2. Unravelling the meaning of old age ............................................................................................................ 30 II.3. Discursive interpretations of demographic change ...........................................................................
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