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RETURN REQUESTED Third Trotsieme STUDENT class classe 1124691 STREET EDMONTON, ALBERTA CANADA TSB 4A2 E DMONTON

2 5 CENTS CANADA'S NEWSPAPER FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

NEW HEAD FOR MULTICULTURALISM Alex Tymofienko CABINET SHUFFLE: ACE IN THE HOLE?

To go along with its new image ditional resources to support the see in a new constitution. Certain o( action and movement, the various cultures and groups that kinds of discrimination presently Federal Government produced a give slructure and vitality lo our exist, such as the policy towards Cabinet shuttle in September socieiy." the broadcasting of the non- which saw a couple ol new laces At the same time, Mr. Cafik has official languages on the CBC and added to Ihe list of old parly indicated that he "will be placing in the proscription against the stalwarts. One of these is the increasing emphasis on a concern use of languages other than new Minister of State for which the Prime Minister voiced English or French as languages of Multiculturalism and Member of in 1971. He desired lo see all instruction in provinces other Parliament for the suburban groups sharing their cultural ex- than Alberta and Saskatchewan. Toronto riding of Ontario, the pressions and their values wilh These kinds ol discrimination Hon. Norm Cafik. other 'Canadians in order to con- should be addressed within the Mr. Cafik replaces the tribute to a richer life for us all." contexl of the present debate Manitoban representative in the This is indeed a welcome in- over the constitution. Mr. Cafik has indicated that Cabinet , the Hon. Joseph Guay, in dication that the multicultural he that curious creature of govern- department will not turn into the sees a place for all ethno-cultural ment known as a ministry of kind of glorified granting agency groups in a debate on national

State, which is primarily a low- which it had threalened to unity. Hopefully it is as groups budget, policy-setting and co- become. fighting lor the rights ol the ordinating type ol department However, the new emphasis on people whom tht, represent and ralher than a high spending .ad- •sharing' between groups must not as crusaders upon the ministrative and program-oriented nol become a code-word for the national unity bandwagon. The one. kind of multicultural concert Ukrainian Canadian community Mr. Cafik comes to the which was recently presented should be particularly insistent multicultural post at a time when during Queen Elizabeth's vi sit to that the multicultural policy not the policy is in need of fresh Ottawa. Rather, the policy must be associated with artificial ideas and new vigour. Even the address itself to matters of social slogans regarding national unity. most charitable observers agree and cultural policy in many areas, Rather, we should demand the that Mr. Guay's perlormance in including education, multilinguai granting ol equal rights to all the multicultural portfolio was broadcasting, immigration and Norman A. Cafik peoples in this country and af- disappointing. social discrimination against firmative action programs should Mr. Cafik, however, has made it various ethno-cultural groups. Mr. Mr. Cafik has indicated in rights of all people w ith in Canada, be implemented to ensure that clear that he intends to place his Cafik, being of mixed Ukrainian- several of the speeches which he especially with respect to the such rights are enforced by Ihe own mark on the portfolio. "There Scottish heritage and having ex- has already given that he places a linguistic and cultural aspirations government on an equal basis. can be no doubt", the minister perienced some of the difficulties high degree of concern for the im- of all ethno-cultural groups. In the words of our Prime stated to the 12th KYK Congress which people of non-British and provement of the human rights of In lerms of the national unity Minister in announcing the advent

I will in Winnipeg, "that make non-French heritage experience in people outside of Canada, par- debate it appears that it is time of the multicultural policy ir 1971, lor multiculturalism a more visible Canada, will hopefully lend an un- ticularly within the Ukraine. It is Ukrainian Canadians to begin "multiculturalism should be the policy and more will be done than derstanding and sympathetic sup- hoped that he will demonstrate an defining explicitly what kind of basis of a society based upon lair simply attempting to obtain ad- port for their concerns. equal degree ol concern for the cultural rights they would like to play lor all."

PLAY IT AGAIN SAM Ivan Pankevych —THE 12th KYK CONGRESS No major changes are for- Some 370 delegates plus 60 Liberation Front. there However, Savaryn in exasperalion stated of ihe communily is no longer thcoming in the nature or struc- guests were present; this low were decreases in the numbers of thai only ineffective organizations organized around churches and ture of the Ukrainian Canadian numberis in part attributable to delegates from virtually all other spend much time discussing communily halls This irend star- Co" 1 miltee (KYK). At least that is the formal absence at this organizations Congress as a t this their cnnsiiiutions. ted long before mullicullural cen- the impression one has alter at- Congress of delegates of the comparedl to previous There was very lillle discussion tres came into being; unicullural tending t he 1 2th Ukraln ian Canadian League for the congresses on 'he report of the outgoing centres, particularly in rural com- Canadian Congress, which took of Ukraine and other Liberation Following the opening for- Executive presented by KYK's munities, have not functioned placein Winnipeg October 7-. organizations of the Ukrainian Mr. P. malities of the Congress, Executive Director, Simon J. properly for a number of years, Savaryn of Edmonton, chairman Kalba. The report tries lo present linguistic and cult ural Constitutional Com- of a special a rosy picture, but instead speaks assimilation is a phenomenon worked for the mittee which had of opportunities missed, which rh eans thai mullicullural last preparing amend- three years resolulions unfulfilled, KYK bran- centres are outdated as well. greater ments to allow for a ches dissolving, and KYK The emotional highlight of the IN asked THIS democratization of KYK, in ol the govern- banquet, with ISSUE prestige the eyes Congress was the that amendments be placed these ment ^nd its own community the newlv-appointed Minister for a before ne Congress plenum falling rapidly. Responsible lor Multiculturalism, vote. The strange thing is that Dr. Kondra. a member of both Norman Calik, treating Congress the Congress delegates were not Ihe KYK executive and to a speech full of A.Semotiuk on SUSK the delegates page g given an opportunity to vote on Canadian Consultative Council on promises about his future per- SUSK Eastern presidenis Conference ...page S the amendments: the Multiculturalism. gave a presen- formance and how he is going to Self-Reliance Plyushch in Toronto. ine Ukrainian tation l th e .... vaae 8 of Con gress on push the human rights question ihe Ukrainian LIGA Boycotts League and multiculturalism which locused in cabinet. Cafik's speech was KYK ZZZ'.'.'".'.pagl s Canadian Veterans Association primarllty on the ills of by a g reeling the Ukrainian Studies in preceded to Canada none L declaring that their News slood up, multiculturalism centres as being Congress from the recently Zlpage io organizations haa not agreed lo destruclive to unicullural centres appointed Senator Irom Quebec, the j'Oposed changes when this and leading to linguistic if not was raised at executive cultural assimilation Perhaps the matter CONGRESS con- meetings. During the discussion, grealesl lault wilh Dr. Kondra's (KYK tinued on page 11) the ingress Presidium could nol presenlation lay with his misin- agree on whether they had in facl lerprelations ol the Ukrainian More articles on KYK AND MORE! agreed accepl the changes or community; he lails to come lo not. In arguing n is position, Mr. grip wilh the lact that the majority Congress on pp.2&3. EDITORIAL WILL THE UKRAINIAN CANADIAN STUDENT WETUDIANTJ COMMITTEE SURVIVE UNTIL 1983? :11 (The KYK Constipational Debate) Edmonlc.i, All erla Canadi. 2 hopes for future changes are The need for constructive change evident for over a , , - Superficially, the 12th Ukrainian dismai. has been . Canadian Committee (KYK) Comp'ete democratization of decade and now is delayed for at ' nor . least much , Congress appears to have been a the Ukrainian Canadian Com- three more years. How _ . victory for democratic forces and mittee is essential to its survival. longer will this go on? Can this go seems to indicate a growing An extremely low turnout ot youth on? How many more waves iipws- the part of the at the 12th Congress (as com- of young Ukrainians must be "STUDENT" is a national ti My recognition on pared to previous Congresses) disillusioned before a change in nnt > s blislind by Ukrainian community represented pape? for Ukrainian Canadhir students ^ I" bv KYK that this is indeed the reflects KYK's growing irrelevancy attitude is seen? Are certain sec- the Ukrainian Canadian Sludi nts' Union (SUSK). twentieth century. The attempt to the younger generation. And tors of the Ukrainian community the without youth, KYK becomes a afraid of the fact that Ukrainians in "STUDENT" is a forum for arid opinion rcJU-. Un;i by Ihe Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine (LVU) to im- mere study in demographic Canada are not a monolithic bloc? interests of Ukrainian Canadian students on various topics: pose its will upon the congress, phenomena, doomed to the "dust- We, as Ukrainians, should know cultural, political and religious. social, be vetoing KYK's decision to have bin of history". the value of a democratic life. The history of Ukrainians has been an " repr. Leonid Plyushch address the Of course the lack of a The -r.d Iho-Jbhts :x|> ;* tn STUD'iN Congress and by using all means democratic constitutional struc- almost constant struggle against at Its disposal (Including a ture is nof the only reason for this oppression and violation of liber- movement I'indi itwli, both within the Ukrain- dinn student boycott of the Congress) in a lack of relevance to Ukrainian ty—this is amply demonstrated by Canadian society. ian Canadian community and wit'.ii somewhat paranoic attempt to Canadian youth. General apathy the "viche" of Klevan Bus, the Kozak spirit, the "Chorna Rada", control prevent Plyushch from even ap- and the forces of alienation and reserve the right to edit articles and letters for We pearing at the Congress, was par- assimilation also contribute. the numerous peasant rebellions legal matters. on length, tar.li: uiid trail deflected. Plyushch, Although democratization is not a and the social conciousness although he did not speak or ap- panacea for all of KYK's ills, how evident In the writings of Shev- pear at the Congress, was never- can the Ukrainian community ex- chenko, Franko and other STUDEi-i STAFF theless officially recognized and pect its youth to relate to and be Ukrainian literary figures. It is dif- welcomed by the Congress. active in an organization which ficult to see how the member EDITOR— CH I £1 — Nostor Popular opinion was that LVU had has such an anachronistic ap- organizations of KYK will be able ASSISTANT EClTOrtS - • Mi riika Hryn, Yuri/ Siebelsky acted rashly and irresponsibly. proach ^organizational life? This to explain to the next generation But this victory was hollow. The extends beyond KYK to its mem- of Ukrainian Canadians why they STAFF THIS ISSUE deeper issue of constitutional ber organizations, who are ex- wasted so much time arguing over Darla Luciw change, (including the removal of periencing the same alienation of a change which should occupy a veto power) to democratize KYK youth at the primary level— and for fundamental place in the Olenka Bilash Andrif Makuch and to prevent similar abuse of much the same reasons. To be of Ukrainian community as well as in power by a member organization relevance to the Ukrainian society as a whole. Assuming, of Bohdan Chomiak Kathy Polushin in the future, was shelved until the Canadian youth, who has been course, that they will still be here 13th Congress in 1980 And even socialized in North American to explain— and someone there to Pan Professor Marilka Hurko then there Is no guarantee of society, KYK and other Ukrainian listen. N.M. change— the proposals can organizations must at least be Irka Scharabua alwa/s be (and usually have been) structured along lines similar to

. vetoed. the society at large. In our case, Since the late 1960's, SUSK has these are democratic. stressed the importance of One may also raise the point of building our community life on KYK's relevancy to the general LETTERS TO democratic principles and has Ukrainian Canadian population. been part ot the struggle to make An ostensible umbrella KYK a democratic body. Other organization representing than a partial democratization in Ukrainian Canadians, KYK in fact THE of EDITOR represents less than 10% 1974, which condescendingly Cry of the North allowed a pseudo-election of the Ukrainians in Canada. Why have president, little has been ac- attempts to increase its represen- Greetings from the norlh coun- Our increasing political complished to this end. With com- tation borne little fruit? rv I was very impressed awareness is a tremendous by your Actually, r ments such as "We are against it is hard to imagine EL lyiDRIO j 'irsl issue and 1 am looking for- development which really began change. We are for maintaining anyone in North America flocking ward to receiving your fine paper with CYCK's participation in the the status quo, "and "Whal is all lo join such a body which has once again. However, I was puz- Moroz campaigns. This renaissan- T Ihis talk of democratization? We shown an acute propensity towar- ted by Ihe apparenl lack ol con- ce in awarenesss and activity is don 'I need democratization!" ds being manipulated by a small cern expressed by the new on •resident ol SUSK. (VULTURE continued being voiced at this Congress, group of people. page 11) He glibly losses the ball ol con-

1 11 »'» ' N N H H UM U 1 1 1 N I M 1 1 1 1 1 lit J 111111111111 cern into the movement, and J_l H 1 1 1 J t M I N f I Illllllllllllilllllltillllllllllllllllllllllllll = hopes lhal by doing so ihe movemenl will prove to him. and

>o itself, that it exists. For whal reason was he elected then? Il . seems to me after reading his ar- ticle lhat he look on the task so •hal he himself can bury his own ; niual albatross mentality and thai

'he movement will take care ol it- self if ii has no leadership. The only point that had any relevance in his entire address j was his call to have a realistic : SUBSCRIBE! assessment of SUSK's rapabililies and oplions, coupled with an effective communication I If — you are a paid member of any Ukrainian Students" Club (SUSK) In Canada, then! coordination. This is a grand plan \ you will be receiving until our leadership gets off its STUDENT regularly. § hurro and starts assessing what it \ — you are not a member, then you stand to miss several issues of STUDENT thisS e.an do, and finally starts coor- liinating Ihe whole thing into year. E realistic goal for this year. If we had a realistic assessment, j DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED! ACT NOW! SUBSCRIBE! -. 1 something 1 feel Ihe present ! SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE ONLY $3.00 PER YEAR. leadership cannol slarl with its MONTHLY PUBLICATION. | ;

mentality, then I believe that Ihe movemenl, when conlronled with \ 'his assessment, coulo develop Please send me STUDENT. Enclosed is $3.00 (cheque or \ long term plans. Hopefully, •= these ! money order). nians will not have to depend ; noon an albatross to carry Ihem Foreign $4.00 in Canadian j rates — funds. •= nul. J. Strybunetz Culture-Vulture Send to: Protests The purpose of this letter is to STUDENT present a short, bittersweel criticism of one problem of 11246-91 Street Ukrainian students in Canada, nol Edmonton, Alberta an exhaustive POSTAL CODE study ol all of our CANADA T5B 4A2 problems: A blacksmith's shoeing, rather than the butcher's is* •SI slaughter, of ahorse.

STUDENT, November 1977; page 2 LVU BOYCOTTS 12th KYK CONGRESS Mykola Khyshevych LIGA AIN'T A COMIN' TO THE CONGRESS Over four hundred delegates ficult to and guests from across Canada understand why the self- flocked lo the Winnipeg Inn for appointed leadership of LIGA saw the 12th KYK Congress, October fit to boycott the Congress on the 7-10, 1977. pretense of Leonid Plyushch holding The decrease in over-all par- democratic and humanitarian ticipation at this Congress can Marxist convictions. So directly be attributed the for- why did LIGA boycott the to KYK mal and substantive absence of Congress? No one seems to delegates from the Canadian know for sure. ..especially the membership League for the Liberation of of LIGA itself!! Ukraine (LIGA) and other alpha One thing is certain —that the Ukrainian omega representatives of the community is behind Leonid Plyushch. Ukrainian Liberation Front (b). This fact was manifested by one Why did LIGA boycott the KYK of the very fir- Congress? st resolutions adopted by an almost unanimous majority Rumour has it that it was because of the delegates of Leonid Plyushch that LIGA to" the 12th KYK Congress, welcoming reluctantly boycotted the KYK program. Leonid by internment in Plyushch Congress prisons and whose roots are founded in to Canada and ex- but he wasn't even Another argument suggests psychiatric asylums for their various political, social and pressing the sincere gratitude there! that Leonid Plyushch, of by political views. cultural trends (one of the foun- the Ukrainian Canadian Although, it is true that Leonid com- speaking in Winnipeg at the time So why did LIGA boycott the ding organizations of KYK was munity for his work in the Plyushch, as the official represen- of the KYK Congress areas of was Congress? the Ukrainian human rights and Ukrainian tative in the West of the Kyiv- threatening Workers' in- the unity of organized Another argument suggests Organization — URO— which had dependence. based Ukrainian Public Group to Ukrainians in Canada. This ap- that Leonid Plyushch's a strong In Promote the political democratic socialist and conclusion, the Praesidium Implementation o( proach at best appears to be views are not representative of Marxist following). of the Ukrainian Canadian the Helsinki Accords, was invited desperate. Com- those held by member mittee should be to address the 12th KYK Moreover, as a consistent and congratulated In reality, thousands of for organizations of KYK, and outspoken proponent of the having the courage to finally Congress by an overwhelming Ukrainians right across North America moreover they appear call LIGA's majority threatening of the Ukrainian nation to self- bluff, thereby preven- of the Ukrainian have ralleyed together in support and even dangerous to Ukrainians ting the Ukrainian Canadian Committee's executive. determination and of the Liberation of Leonid Plyushch —the only in general. Front However, realization of social justice within from manipulating the en- LIGA (remember) of- Ukrainian oppositionist ever to be Again we find ourselves bor- an deavours of the ficially protested this independent democratic 12th KYK move and released by Soviet authorities — dering on the realm of the absurd. Ukrainian state. Leonid Plyushch Congress. exercized its veto power against who has demonstrated himself to 'Informed sources' reveal that has attracted the will of the majority of the extensive and un- KYK be among the most active of all KYK is a cross-ideological um- precedented international at- executive — thereby cutting former Soviet political prisoners, brella organization co-ordinating Plyushch from the Congress tention to tne Ukrainian question. hitherto the victims of repression Ukrainian Canadian organizations Consequently it seems dif-

SUSK EASTERN CONFERENCE - OCTOBER 21-23 Andrij Makuch NEW PROBLEMS AND OLD WARRIORS The SUSK Eastern Conference acreements the U.S. has been waging the war, but we'll never focused upon the struggle for making with the East European win if we don't bother to fight the human rights in Ukraine and its bloc countries in order to lure battles" type of approach. The ramifications in the West. The them from the Soviet sphere of in- Accords do exist, although with sessions were of high calibre and fluence. In iact, no independent no determinate provisions for the participants well aware of the foreign policy is conducted with human rights, nevertheless with a issues at hand. However, there Ukraine (although the U.S. will number of guiding principles. was a Uismal [u.noui irom rank open a consulate in Kiev soon). They provide a focus for the issue and file Eastern club members. Kupchinsky argues that from the of human rights, especially since making it difficult at times to beginning the Helsinki Accords arrangements have been made for distinguish whether this was a had no chance as a substantial follow-up conferences to monitor students' conference or a CDSPP breakthrough in human rights their implementation. The actual is less im- (Committee In Defence of Soviet legislation. We should not view it text of the agreement Political Prisoners) think-tank. as an end-all, because it was portant than its implementation The cohesiveness of the con- foredoomed — Ukrainians have (some examples of this include ference was thus both its not analyzed what has happened the Magna Carta, the Quebec Act, strength and weakness. and have been grabbing at straws. the Canadian Bill of Rights, etc.). Saturday morning's panel Money and energy could be bet- We should not be dismayed by session saw an interesting debate ter spent on more productive for- the cynicism of economic in- on the merits of the Helsinki Ac- ms of agitation. In highlighting terests displayed in the Accords cords as a document in defense the internal contradictions, the in- — it's simply in the codification of human rights. Roman Kup- stability and the repressive nature of already-existing bilateral chinsky, a member of the New of the Soviet regime, Ukrainian agreements. Instead, the entire York CDSPP and "Prolog ", dissidents and Western agitators issue of the Belgrade Conference become a real threat should be used to give the argued that the human ri b ,ts to the Soviet clauses of the Accord had been government's economic interest. question of human rights in the Of- Stefan Welhash (left) gives reflective talk inserted only for show. The pact After all, 1/4% higher interest on Soviet Union a higher profile. efforts had been made in order to a Western loan can easily amount ficial Canadian the United States, the Ukrainian companying it was that the stabilize trade arrangements bet- to many millions of dollars, given in this direction have been community was polarized bet- people of the conference had ween the Soviet Union and the the Soviet demand for hopelessly inadequate, evidenced ween the molds of the 1930's come from the same tradition and United States (as leaders of their technology, management training, by such facts as that of the Galician nationalist and Stalinist were now striving to deviate from respective blocs); and since and capital Canadian delegate being an Ex- ideology. With the example of the it. Some were openly heretical, North other's it Ukraine's economy has been in- Andrij Bandera, a one-time ternal Affairs Deputy Un- Shestodes'yatnyky and the apologetic; but was har- tegrated into the broader Soviet SUSK activist now working as a dersecretary. Almost as if to American student movement, dly noted that the same situation exists at the opposite of the scheme, she cannot benefit from journalist, took a "yes, Roman, corroborate Bandera's statement, youth broke out of these ossified end the sort of preferential trade that's the way we should be Ralph Lysyshyn, who operates traditional forms and strove to political spectrum. the Soviet desk of External Af- reflect contemporary Ukrainian The zabava that night was fine. fairs, indicated that the Helsinki ideas. They were, of course, The Sunday sessions started late. implementation has drawn more suspect because of a logic which Discussion arising out of the response to his desk than any read that "since Dzyuba, Stus, previous days sessions, the other issue in the last decade. Plyushch, etc., live in the Soviet executive's reports, and club However, when challenged as to Union, they therefore must be reports produced three especially the governments' tides in Soviet and communist, and that notable resolutions. These were: the matter and whether any sub- one shouldn't bother with this 1) Ramsay Clark Tour. That

stantial efforts had been made in kind of work because it onfy hurts SUSK investigate and act upon this direction, he was non- our Ukrainian image." In spit e of the possibility of sponsoring a committal. such words of wisdom, groups speaking tour of this civil liber- The afternoon panel dealt with like SUSK and CYMK as well as tarian lawyer who, upon the an overview of the Issues in con- defence movements flourished in request of the New York CDSPP, temporary Ukraine and their in- this period. has become the legal counsel in terplay with Ukrainian com- Interestingly enough, the last the West for Tykhyj and Rudenko. munities in the West. Stefan paper presented — a sociological A former attorney general in the Welhash's and Marco Bojcun's approach to the Ukrainian Kennedy administration and a for- presentations closely paralleled Canadian community by Myroslav mer delegate to the UN human one another. Political relaxation llyniak (Waterloo USC president) rights commission, Clark has in the '50's was a prelude to a — was ostensibly off-topic but in displayed a consistent record in cultural re-awakening in Ukraine line with the earlier presentations. his. defence of Chilean, South '60's (with the The with was the African, Asian, and now Soviet during the - issue dealt Shestodes'yatnyky); ipso facto motivations for self-indentity political prisoners. an alternative to the rigid cultural amongst Ukrainian Canadians, and political dogmatism of the an(P what became evident from (SUSK CONFERENCE Roman Kupchinsky (left) and Andrij Bandera (centre) Stalinist era. the tacit consent given his paper gave continued on page 5/ the morning talks At the same time in Canada and and the robust asides ac-

STUDENT, November 1977; page 3 : .

STUDIES UKRAINIAN UKRAINIAN STUDIES NEWS UKRAINIAN POLITICS AT UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE ST. ANDREW'S COLLEGE COURSES IN CANADA COURSES RENEWED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO A new course in Soviet Ukrainian politics is now being of- fered at St. Andrew's College persistent ef- FOLLOWING As a result of the (University of Manitoba). It is only UKRAINIAN COURSES CAN BE TAKEN AT THE forts of Dr. Roslytsky, Ukrainian the second course of its kind of- UNIVERSITIES language Instruction has been fered in Canada (Prof. B. reinstated at the University of Krawchenko has a similar course Western Ontario, London, On- at the University of Alberta). Carleton University tario. Entitled Government, Politics University of Ottawa Instruction will be limited to and Society In Soviet Ukraine, the University of Toronto one advanced language and course is an introductory analysis York University literature course for a restricted of the administrative and party McMaster University number of students. Interested structures in Ukraine, the role of University of Waterloo students should get in touch with Ukrainian S.S.R. political elites in University of Windsor Dr. Roslytsky. the policy making process of the University of Manitoba U.S.S.R. and the impact of Soviet St. Andrew's College (U of M) cultural policy on Ukrainian University of Saskatchewan THE VAPLITE COLLECTION society. No prerequisites ' University of Regina required. The course is offered University of Alberta The Canadian Institute of on Wednesdays from 7:00 - 10:00 University of Calgary Ukrainian Studies would like to p.m., and interested students announce that, in association should get in touch with UNIVERSITIES OFFERING DEGREE PROGRAMS WITH UKRAINIAN AS A with MOSIAC PRESS, it will be Professor Daycock (Dept. of MAJOR AREA OF CONCENTRATION ARE: publishing THE VAPLITE Political Studies, U of M) or St.- COLLECTION in November. Andrew's College. University Doctorate Master's B. A. Major This volume is an expanded edition of previously published materials from the archives of the THE JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN Alberta XXX literary group VAPLITE (1925- GRADUATE STUDIES 1928). It offers a unique insight Saskatchewan - X X into the life and work of a group II you have an interesting paper on any of Ukrainian writers and artists in Ukrainian or Ukrainian- Regina •- * « the 1920's who spear-headed a Canadian topic, submit it to the national and cult ural revival Journal. Who knows, this may be Manitoba X X Their attempt to develop a high your chance for academic Ukrainian culture, based on exhaltation! Toronto X X Western European models, was Submit all contributions to: Ottawa XXX Stalinism. TheTrie collection con- The Journal of Ukrainian 1 tains letters, diaries, excerpts Graduate Studies • X~ Windsor -,' . j; K from both prose and poetry, and clo Dept. of Slavic Languages and many illustrations, in Literatures ; " some - : ' * ' X Waterloo . colour. (In Ukrainian; 300 21 Sussex Avenue pages illustrated; available in University of Toronto ' paper (S4.95) or cloth ($10.95); Toronto, Ontario NUMBER OF UNDERGRADUATE COURSES TAUGHT BY DISCIPLINE AND Edited by George Luckyj). M5S 1A1 UNIVERSITY, 1977-78: {this may not be a complete list; check with the various departments) Ukrainian Social Canadian SLAVIC STUDIES University Language Literature Civilization History Sciences Studies HEAD NAMED

Calgary t 2 1

Dr. Jaroslav Rozumnyj has been Alberta 17 8 1 1 appointed head of the department of Slavic Studies in the Faculty of Saskatchewan 3 5 Arts. This appointment took ef-

fect on July 1. 1 Regina 1 5 3 Dr. Rozumnyj has been acting head of the department since Manitoba 5 2 3 2 3 8 September, 1976, and has been a member of the Slavic Studies Toronto 3 6 staff since 1964. Born in Ukraine, he came to York 3 Canada in 1951 following several years of undergraduate study in McMaster 2 Germany and The Netherlands, in Canada he continued his studies Waterloo 5 5 and graduated from the University of Ottawa with his master's and Dr. Rozumnyj is currently Windsor 4 2 doctoral degrees. He has held president of the Ukrainian Free •teaching appointments at Lauren- Academy of Sciences in Canada Ottawa 4 5 2 tian University, Western Michigan and is a past-president of the University, and the University of Ukrainian Cultural Carleton 2 and Ottawa. Educational Centre in Winnipeg.

Total VEGREVtLLE COURSE Canada '8 57 44 7 t3 (5 Persons interested in taking write to: p oli!ica! Science 475, Politics of Contemporary Ukraine, offered The Canadian institute 'History of Htatory of Ukrainians In Canada: 2. during the Winter Term, 1978, in of Ukrainian Studies tPolltlcal Science:;2; Geography: 1. vegreville, Alberta, through the 335 Athabasca Hall University University oi Alberta t-Hletory of Ukrainians In Canada: 2; Ukrainian Canadian Culture: 2; Ukrainian Canadian Literature: 1. of Alberta Special Sessions Department, should Edmonton. Alberta CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES SEMINAR SERIES UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

- - Room, 12:30 P.M. - 311 Athabasca Hall 7:30 P M Common Second floor; Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 21 Sussex Avenue

Wednesday, Dr. Jurij Borys "The Russian Com munis I Party Wednesday Marco Carynnyk "The Poetry of Vasyl St us" October the 5. 1977 and Sovietization of Ukraine" November 2,1977

Thursday, Dr. Wsevolod Isajiv "Class and Ethnicity in the History Wednesday Leonid Alekseychuk "Censorship in the Soviet Film in- October , of Ukrainians 2 1977 in North America" November 16, 1977 dustry"

Thursday, Andrij Makuch "The Ukrainians and Ihe Manitoba November 3, 1977 School Question: 1916"

Thursday, Michael Savaryn "IVAN DZIUBA -Sfrom In- For a Catalog of November 17, 1977 ternationalism or Russification to CATARACT PRCSS Facets of a Crystal" writings dissident . Thursday, Dr. Manoly Lupul "Ukrainian Canadians and Box 1186 Posta| S(at|on , A CP December 1, 1977 Regional Federalism" Write tO: Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1 G6

STUDENT, November 1977; page 4 McMASTER CONFERENCE POLISH— UKRAINIAN DETENTE

The conference on "Poland and vious difficulty in summarizing During the first panel 2 Ukraine: Past and Present" was what were often long and im- discussion on October , several one of an annual series of con- pressive written presentations speakers discussed the develop- ferences at McMaster University (although this is a problem faced ment of nationalism and national devoted to various aspects of by all conferences of this sort), consciousness in Ukraine and Soviet and East European affairs. while those who have difficulty un- Poland. Although modern In 1974 McMaster University derstanding Polish were often nationalism is a twentieth and late hosted the impressive conference frustrated by the frequent use of nineteenth century phenomenon, "Ukraine in the Seventies," which Polish at the conference. There i,t was questioned whether gathered together a large number was also a lack of substantive con- scholars should not be m ore of prominent scholars interested troversy during the conference. flexible in their definitions of con- " " in contemporary Ukraine. There was no deliberate attempt cepts s uc h as n at ion a nd Similarly, the Poland and Ukraine to stifle debate; rather, the "national consciousness". conference (held October 20-22) speakers themselves at times Nationalism did not play an im- brought together more than twen- seemed overanxious to be portant role in European history ty-five scholars from Europe, the diplomatic and to avoid con- until recent times; however, Dr. United States and Canada for two troversy. In addition, one felt the Sysyn of Harvard University days of presentations and one lack of a general panel discussion proposed that it would be wrong of round table discussions open to end the conference. Saturday's to deny the existence of a feeling npw conference speakers and closed round-table discussions of "ethnos" or national allegiance <= «? invited guests were probably planned to provide say, during the seventeenth cen- Sysyn's com- On the whole the conference a summation and evaluation of the tury in Ukraine. Dr. a number of must be considered a success. conf eren ce , with recom- ments provoked Although in recent years there has mendations for further work; responses; but, the discussion generally ac- /been increasing interest in a rap- however, many conference ob- showed that both prochement between Poles and servers were left dangling as to cepted and academic definitions Left to right: Drs. V.Bandera, L.Smolinski, G.Mond, dealing Ukrainians, as expressed by a what, if any, general conclusions are often inadequate in Kedryn-Rudnytsky, Y.Bilinsky problems of number of articles in the Polish had been reached as a result of "with the complex emigre journal KULTURA and the the conference. national consciousness and mation of overview nation-building. It wasdi fficult not contemporary attitudes a small group of intellectuals. If Ukrainian emigre journal It is difficult togivean of Poles towards Ukrainians. the Ukrainian and Polish emigre SUCHASNIST, there has never of the numerous and varied to consider how relevant Similarly, though a number of in- press community do not con- been any attempt to deal with the presentations at the conference. questions such as the above and teresting, significant, and today, it seems that tinue the good work accomplished subject of Polish - Ukrainian However, it is worthwhile noting remain and poten- relatively objective works on the conference, little will have relations on such a broad scale. two of the interesting issues there is still a great deal of by Ukrainian literature and history ha- achieved. Some minor criticisms can be which were raised. tial for interaction between been ve appeared in Poland in recent conferences on Jewish- made. Several speakers had ob- historians and social scientists Similar where contemporary aspects of years, the more popular works Ukrainian and Russian-Ukrainian ethnicity and national con- which deal with Polish-Ukrainian relations are definitely desirable; sciousness are concerned. conflict during and immediately however, in neither of these cases Another topic wh.ich aroused after World War II acuse does the basic groundwork yet considerable interest was that of Ukrainians of engaging in one- exist which would allow for a socio-cultural stereotypes and the sided and brutal anti-Polish ex- dispassionate discussion ol these role they have played in Polish- cesses, and depict them in an topics. In the next few years one Ukrainian relations. Several almost uniformly negative light. must hope that the question of speakers noted that although the Only a detailed study of Polish at- Ukraine and its neighbours will majority of the contemporary titudes towards Ukrainians would receive increasing attention Polish intelligentsia and students show the real extent to which this Despite the widespread cynicism negative stereotype is valid; Ukrainian emigre com- in Poland (and to a lesser extent within the abroad) have a positive attitude nonetheless, according to the sub- munity about the possibility of towards Ukrainians and Ukrainian jective impressions of a number ot g reater coo pe rat ion with the aspirations, oral the least are sim- speakers, il does play an im- peoples of countries neighbouring portant position in ply apathetic as far as this topic is role among many Poles. on Ukraine, Ukraine's concerned, many Poles have a Although the topic of Ukrainian Eastern Europe, and the in- negative view of Ukrainians as - Polish relations is still painful to creasing interdependence of all being rebellious, ruthless, and un- many Poles and Ukrainians ol the states, will never allow for a ich Ukraine can cultured. This is not to deny that older generation, evidently the situation in wh some Polish writers and publicists time has come for an honest disassociate itself from the in- I neighbours, and have treated Ukrainians in a examination of this subject. The terests its -versa. positive fashion; however, popular above conference was an im- vice Polish national epics such as portant step in this process, proceedings of the Sienkiewicz's WITH FIRE AND although a great deal more work Note: The WITH SWORD, and the remains to be done to popularize above conference w ill be Left to right: Drs. P.J.Potichnyj, J.Pelenski, B.Osadczuk, predominantly chauvinistic Polish the idea of friendlier relations bet- published in the upcoming year. A.Bromke and B.Lewytzkyj mass press of the interwar period, ween the two peoples so that it have had a great impact on the for- will not not remain the concern ol

Vera POLITICAL PRISONERS RELEASED Dumyn this policy matters, the im- All grievances or inquiries in plementation of multiculturalism regard are to be directed to either Eastern ol- be pursued, and become the focal the National or the commission (hopefully) point of either a later symposium fices; the hearings in early IN or the National Congress in will hold its AMNESTY POLAND January. August. that Investigate It was only after midnight On July 24, Polish authorities The intellectuals began to par- malization process" after the 3) Commission To SUSK Finances. Unfortunately, discussion ceased and a group of released all workers that were im- tirioate in the opposition of the population was gradually pacified. goers credibility (experienced) conference prisoned in connection with the workers to the regime when The lesson should be obvious. SUSK has lost much inertia due to its plodded their weary way massive strikes and demon- arrests and violation of civil The evolution of the balance of and even more In the final analysis, it It was homeward. in June, 1976. All in- threat not only present financial morass. strations freedoms posed a forces between the different but that an in- was an excellent conference, vestigations and proceedings to the working class but to the groupings within the Party will un- recommended commission assess unfortunately the flock consisted against members of the Workers population as a whole. In this doubtedly have a crucial bearing dependent largely of faithfuls. Its Impact can the extent of the SUSK debt and Defense Committee (KOR) were way, the workers' case was taken on the way the Polish authorities events of by which this be measured not by the withdrawn and 10 members of up more and more by the in- proceed to tackle the investigate avenues eliminated/alleviated. the conference Itself, but by how KOR were released. tellectuals and crystallized into an crisis. This in turn, will be affected might be much follow-up will be done on it. This amnesty, which is alliance between both sectors ol by the broader social and political associated with the personal the Polish population-a situation forces in Poland and in other East initiativeof Edward Gierek, the Fir- with potential revolutionary European countries, as well as the st Secretary of the Polish Com- ramifications. developments in the Soviet Union. munist Party, is an indication of a The amnesty should be seen in split in the party between Gierek this light. The release of ail and his supporters, and those who workers from imprisonment by no SUSK wanted to step up repression means alleviates the Polish

against the opposition following economic crisis, and it in itself is the June 1976 crisis. not an indication of greater Conference The amnesty can be seen as the political democracy. The amnesty authorities' efforts to come to represents the Polish authorities' (Continued some kind of rapprochement with pragmatism in an explosive from p.3) the working class. This political situation. Whether the amnesty rapprochement becomes crucial has had the effect of relaxing the 2) Multiculturalfsm: Another Ap- for the authorities in view of the atmosphere, and dissolving the in- proach. SUSK has been in- lack of any measures taken to tellectual opposition against the strumental in fostering the con- alleviate the economic situation in regime's violation of political cept and reality of multicultural Poland. To date, no policy has democracy is yet to be seen. This policy. Unfortunately there has been put forward for solving the isn't the first time that Polish been a gap between the develop- problem of Poland's heavy debts authorities have resorted to such ment of the policy and its im- to capitalist countries, or to measures in the hope of diffusing plementation in the community. alleviate the food shortage ferment and the unity of the The alternate avenues opened to nr" HI em.The workers' dissatisfac- population against the regime. us have neither been fully ex- tion with their living standard still Many of the members of KOR were plored nor fully appreciated. The exists and continues to point to an active in Poland in 1956 and no conference recommended that Boycun (seated far right) illuminates his position existing instability in the country. doubt witnessed Gomulka's "nor- rather than concentrating on Marco

STUDENT, November 1977; pa^e 5 ,

THE UKRAINIAN STUDENT MO VEMENT IN CONTEXT SUSK — THE G( cl summer and I shared an anti-status quo tegrating rebellion against the status quo. I summer. His work that bent, and I was therefore quite during these think the fact that students were had a phenomenal impact on the hire students for a cer- day. surprised when he announced so exciting The proposal was that SUSK being drafted to fight a war which Ukrainian students of his that he was running for SUSK found people send them to various they were not sure was morally Bohdan travelled Canada and en- tain period of time and president. engineers, justifiable was the crux of the couraged Ukrainian students to live and en- There were things going on political scie Ukrainian communities where they wouid radicalism of the sixties. In many get involved >n the community. behind the scenes which were to historians.etc population to get involved cases students sought out a He came to Vancouver to courage the local student give SUSK a tremendous shot in tillzation one rationale for why America was in organize the SUSK congress it faced. In ihe arm at this time. The federal to develop h in the Ukrainian community and the issues Vietnam and imposing on them which was to take place at U.B.C, Day weekend 1969. government had Just approved himself and t standpoint to do its dirty work — radical on Labour view this idea from an organizational the Official Languages Act and — one got a my ideologies became more This is when I first met him, and concerned to make sure and a cleare in the I first with was the single most important development believable and acceptable. It when got involved was there would be no backlash. problems bee From here on in I can 9 became in vogue to be a student SUSK. Ukrainian student movement. Petryshyn and Modest of viewpoints history of the activist and anti-American — relate the history of SUSK and the Roman prepared a brief to the students. whatever good history that was Ukrainian student movement from Cmoc Federal government which ob- Now that being written in America was personal experience. pleasanl for me SUSK had about one It is not always By 1965 a travelling grant of philosophy, il overshadowed by the awesome Il is important to know tained the years and members in 20 clubs to think back over thousand about the background $10,000 to defray the costs of it. This was tt One doesn't sen- scourge of war. Draft dodgers something recall my personal experiences across Canada. lo the SUSK SUSK played flocked into Canada causing of the individuals who became the transportation Ukrainian Canadian se any significant activity among for those with the follow in SUSK through the congress in Vancouver follow; th until one Canadian campuses to the leadership University Students' Union Ukrainian students multicultural! American campus struggles. ensuing years as it gives an in- who came. thinking about reads the President's Report (SUSK). At times spent I perse SUSK was like it The fact that Bohdan had that Gregorovich North American student sight into why past incidenis in SUSK evokes prepared by Andrew entire summer advertising the troduced to organizations were caught up in was. My background may have the of intense anxiety, for the 8th SUSK congress taking feelings - others that congress, the fact that Vancouver Toronto at th This the surge of activism. Political been typical of many I 1966. frustralion and even anger. Yet place in Toronto in an attractive place to hold Harbord St. flourished on campuses. laler got active in SUSK. was actively activities of debates doubt if anyone who was report covers the granted by its in Edmonlon and the event, the money from Van 1966 and The anti-war movement had I grew up involved in SUSK during the late SUSK from 1963 - government, and the political Ukrainian student belonged to the traditional vouth the down to the regret- number of items of in- effects on the sixties and early seventies there are a etc. climate of the times all combined was mem movement as well. Students ten- organizations and churches, my no matter how you terest from our standpoint. ted it. SUSK, receptive graduation from high to make the Vancouver congress — Krawchen fact ded to be more , to Just after it. in the final analysis Aside from recording Ihe looked at Vancouver and a watershed in SUSK history. It something bi Ukrainian activism. Ideas and tac- school I moved to provided us with a remarkable set that the SUSK president wrote far away from brought new people together, it in to the con year term, tics of organization were resolved to stay as of experiences. 127 letters over his 3 borrowed from the general that I lhat SUSK It seems almost prophetic the report mentions student community and applied should be invited to speak to you prepared and submitted its first — to the Ukrainian scene. here in Vancouver on the hislory brief to the federal government of the Ukrainian student the 7 page, 5000 word document THE ERA OF FIELDWORK movement — for it was at a Van- was entitled: "The Canadian couver congress at the beginning Nation: Some Opinions of in 1968 the Lakehead of the seventies that SUSK was Canadian University Students ot Thus Club sub- catapolted into the role of an out- Ukrainian Descent". Brief presen- University Ukrainian proposal to the national standing Canadian organization ted to the Royal Commission on mitted a hire student wilh whom many social forces on Bilingualism and Biculturalism executive ot SUSK to The idea was taken the Canadian scene had to deal, 1965, by the Ukrainian Canadian fieldworkers. organize that from the Canadian Students' and I helped to Universily Students' Union, this congress Union and the Company of Young congress. Perhaps Toronto, 1965 . Significantly run- signals Ihe beginning of a new however, the report does nol Canadians which had been social era of similar importance for suggest thai SUSK look issue ning programs of student Petryshyn SUSK? with the use of the term animation, and Roman Just as you were nol around "biculturalism" to depict made the suggestion that SUSK ac- The proposal was during those times that Lwas Canada's cu 11 ural make-up. do ihe same. a cer- live in SUSK, and its president, so (Something thai apparently came thai SUSK hire students for during most But period of time and send them too 1 was not around along later in SUSK hislory.) tain communities ol the student activism ot the six- perhaps the most important pari to various Ukrainian live and en- lies and much of thai period for of the report is what the President where they would local student me represents but a vague writes under the title "The Future courage the years of ex- population lo get involved in the memory. Yet the closing of SUSK" because it serves to the that decade had a profound in- plain what SUSK was all about Ukrainian community and In view this fluence both on the North during those times, and where il issues it faced. my American society in general, and was headed. Lei me quote from idea Irom an organizational stand- Ihe Ukrainian community in par- Ihe report: point was the single most im- ticular. For this reason I'd like to portant development in the focus in on the Ukrainian "What future has SUSK? SUSK history of the Ukrainian student student movement of that period and Ukrainian University Clubs movement." Without it, SUSK to see if it can lell us anything are riding on wave created by an would never have grown into the about what is happening to our immigration which arrived from active organization it became in movement today. early seventies. With the ac- students' 1946 lo 1964 These immigrants the ' The task for ihe national executive was now io convince every keep things- in per- of this proposal SUSK Just to and 1 heir children were close to ceptance specl ive, bear in mi nd t hat the sources of Ukrainian feeling entered a new phase in its starting with SUSK membe Canada was the center of aciivily havino been born in Ukraine evolution distinguishable by a as far as student activism was "I myself am a third more professional approach to during this phase, as it raised issues never really con- feeling concerned generation Canadian of Ukrainian organizat ion, and a deeper Ukrainians as possible. I never is today, so by looking at the thinking issues which lead to a fronted before, it imparted to us a Pelryshyn descent. I am proud to be a on completely cut oft lies, but I Uk rain an -Canadian student Canadian and an heir to the wider framework of analysis of remained at ihe fringe of Ihe com- feeling of importance. Things arguments 1 are in eflect is students were all happening! MAGIC wanted to movement we Ukrainian heritage Yet there what Ukrainian munity. I was interesled in cam- were THE analysing the focal point of Ihe some notion prevalent that the about. pus politics and attended WAS THERE. see that. "\ movement. appropriate cultural m; 'global' Canadian born is a lesser breed Perhaps this is an meet ings I an organizat ion — at least as far as their moment lo make a passing com- called Students for a Democratic MULTICULTURALISM ON THE asked me w THE RADICALISM OF -this of theoretical nature RISE his face, Ukrainianism goes. Perhaps ment a Society (SDS). I can't say lhat I THE SIXTIES may be true but there are exam- which might help to understand completely shared the views ot swered. "fv ples that disprove it. But let us what was happening to SUSK. In those who belonged to Ihis When the congress drew to a then he exp SUSK was not the first of SUSK. view term 'movement' Ukrainian studenl life with- vinced. Thi relum lo Ihe future my the organization . because they close Ukrainian students' union in "Today out of half a million denotes a specific phenomenon couldn't agree among ihemselves drew back into its lethargy for a over again Canada. During the period 1927 - for several The radii Ukrainian Canadians there are which is not necessarily on what it was they were con- while. But the next 1933 there existed in Western experience di about 37,000 who arrived between synonymous with the term cerned about. There was no doubt years it would often did not a Ukrainian students were Canada 1946 - 1964. That is less than 8% 'organization'. A movement con- however that SDS was against ihe rude awakenings as issues munity un organization called the Central of therefore of the total. In other words only sists primarily of individuals American involvement in Vietnam. brought by the national executive Ukrainian Students of Canada seven out of every 100 Ukrainian united by a common philosophy Krawchenko had heard of me righl lo its door step. Krawchenko to the peril il in its (TUSK) although collapsed Canadians is- of the recent — an outlook on life which in- before coming io Vancouver and Petryshyn had golten summer of sixth year of existence. Not much arrivals. tegrates knowledge gained Irom because he loo had been a mem- together and written a brilliant nings of a r is known about TUSK as lar as I "Twenty years from now Ihis various disciplines into a con- ber of SDS at Bishops University position paper on ducted by have determined, and it would be will have dwindled lo perhaps 3%. sistent 'total systems' view. In a in Quebec where he had also multiculturalism in response to Canadians very interesting for somebody to A student today of 21 years of age movemenl, philosophy is a been the editor of the campus Ihe fourth volume of the report of mult iculturi write a paper on this organization could have been born in Ukraine primary, and organization is a newspaper. In a way Bohdan and the Royal Commission on ployed 9 fi — particulary because it existed mer in 1945. But this gap is growing. secondary feature. A movement I should be grateful to certain Bilingualism and Biculturalism who during the depression — a period wider Ethnic Groups In one decade there will be vir- is therefore far broader and right wingers in the Ukrainian entitled The Other organizing during which the communist tually no European born Ukrainian in outlook than an organization community who passed on the The task for the national lerences V Ukrainian community in Canada Canadian students. This could which necessarily is limited only rumours which led to our first executive was now to convince demand or gained great strength. ol was lead lo a crisis in SUSK and in to specific goals. Members a meeting. To tell you truthfully, everybody thai Canada recognize SUSK was started in December eniire multicultural starting with character. Ukrainian student clubs..." movement have an when I first met Bohdan I felt — ot 1953 in Winnipeg where Vera share with sorry for I really h I think it would be fair to say philosophy that they him. Here was this guy SUSK membership. Zarowski became its first thai this quote represents the one another, members ot an from back East travelling around Multiculturalism, defence of dan Krawc president. Throughout ihe fifties concerns ot at least ihe leader- organization only certain goals. Vancouver by bus, single- Ukrainian political prisoners, and here. He w SUSK appears to have been ship of the Ukrainian student With the introduction of field- handedly trying lo organize a fieldwork became the at debatln fairly nt ernally oriented community of the early sixties. work, in my view SUSK was begin- students' congress in which it ap- philosophical nexus of Ihe multicultur. organizing local clubs and coor- But there were outside factors ning lo take on Ihe character of a peared lo me hardly anybody had Ukrainian studenl movement. political it dinating them — and also (airly most of us that were beginning lo play an movemenl. any interest. It was obvious he About Ihese subjects, lorce Mini dormant. Until Ihe mid-sixlies, could important role for students in It was not until Ihe summer of didn't have much money, and he were either in agreement, or contortion; with one or two exceptions, SUSK North America and were begin- 1969 lhat the actual fieldwork was having trouble finding a place be converted. The philosophy it was ap- Congresses and Conferences got off the ground. cohesiveness and in- STUDENT ning to exeri an influence on ihe program Two lo stay. I decided to invite him lacked pear to have been fairly primitive Ukrainian students' movement. fieldworkers were hired thai year over for supper. We talked, and tegration, but there was enough I was or — tocusing on organizational together The war in Vietnam was — Bohdan Krawchenko and Ores! over time I got involved in there to keep us pasted who work* business and not spending much while. In passing l might 1970 — lb escalating, and with it so were Novakiwsky, but Bohdan was ihe organizing the congress. for a time onyvider issues. it precisely the in- fieldwork signs of protest arid student only one who made li through the Philosophically I think Bohdan add that was

STUDENT, November 1977; page 6 -

by Andrij Semotiuk GOOD OLD DAYS itus quo tegratlng character of SUSK why fieldworking at tario. Artists from across Canada was possible idea was to make some video over the country students were re quite during these times that made it this met, discussed, held time was because there were seminars tapes involving Ukrainian going on hunger strikes in defen- nounced so exciting — in our ranks we and funds available from govern- workshops — truly a unique historical themes. A federal ce o^ or in solidarity with >r SUSK found people from all disciplines: will never ments. SUSK became an expert at phenomenon that occur government grant was obtained to Ukrainian political prisoners. engineers, lawyers, doctors, for very — milking governments lor funds. again a simple reasson cover much of the expenses. 12 Ukraine once again became the oing on political scientists, sociologists, it cost about to it We were having an impact with $35,000 hold students were eventually hired af- prime locus of student life. The were to historians.etc. In this cross fer- roughly our multicultural campaign, Boh- and SUSK ended up ter a disappointing response from release of Leonid Plyushch led to shot in tilization one had the opportunity in the hole. dan was getting publicity, and $10,000 the government. Most of the field- the beginnings ol perhaps a new federal his understanding of to develop people were paying attention.The workers were involved with the era in the movement. ipproved himself and the world around him question of was at this THE UNEASY SEVENTIES Ukraine programs, some worked in the I have purposely ommitted an Act and — a better grip of reality one got time of secondary Importance to community. One noteworthy analysis in depth of the last few ke sure and a clearer definition of one's SUSK although much activity was The summer of 1971 was like an project was the organization of years of SUSK because I an- lacklash. sharing of several problems because of the directed at the defence of enormous orgasm the Saskatoon Youth Jamboree ticipated that most of you would Modest with other Ukrainian years work. The was of viewpoints political prisoners. A polarization momentum which brought together many be familiar with this period from to the students. of views beginning to take still on the increase and success first was young people in the prairies area hand experience. I do not lich ob- Now that we had found our place did not really after success gave SUSK an aura here which — it was organized by Halya wish to convey the impression rant of philosophy, it was time to spread 1971, of power which magnetized surface until November of Kuchmij, one of the best field- that these SUSK times were not ;osts of it. was the essential role that for un- students of Ukrainian descent to This but which was important workers SUSK ever had. But in at least as significant as earlier SUSK SUSK played for many years to derstanding the 'fall' of SUSK. it. But the Ukrainian student terms' ol concrete results, Video periods. those or follow; the crusader for But we'll return to that. dream was coming to an end. SUSK didn't produce very much. multiculturalism. I recall the time With the end ol the summer ol Thousands of dollars were, being By the end ol the summer SUSK EVALUATION ad spent I first in- wasted in efforts to that personally was 1970 Marusia Kucharyshyn mobilize the had several hundred yards ol vir- the ising troduced to this idea. It was in became president of SUSK. Andrij student community, many leaders tually, useless video-tape and At the great risk ol over- incouver Toronto at the SUSK office at 67 Bandera as a full time were finding their energies spent worked enormous debts — about $20,000 simplifying I would say that the to hold their tolerance at Harbord St. I had just flown in fieldworker with Marusia in Toron- and an ebb. to be exact. The liteblood ol aspirations of SUSK have been to inted by — With the election of Marko from Vancouver and come to, and I believe that the 1970 student activism — money — maintain and develop a Ukrainian political down to the office — Petryshyn 1971 SUSK year was the climax of Sojcun SUSK was beginning to had been totally drained and what culture in Canada and to help ombined feel the of was my mentor. He sat me down several years of activity. That year pains years of was left was an empty shell, a create a free Ukraine. As neither :ongress — Krawchenko was busy doing was both outstanding and the sustained growth. Sut the remnant of a once powerful of these general objectives are story. It something but was also listening nemesis of SUSK at one and the momentum carried SUSK forward realistic in estimation given movement. That is what I my it it ether, in to the conversation. I a issue of even though was infested with sensed same time. The inherited when I was elected present realities, SUSK has to debts and internecine strife. The president of SUSK in Ottawa in define for itself more concrete ob- focus ol attention shifted to a the summer of 1972. jectives which are realistically at- KYK congress taking place in Times were changing, the tainable. Winnipeg in October, 1971. So political climate of the over-all But the risk of this approach is strong was the dedication of society once almost electrifying, that SUSK will then become an Ukrainian student youth that they now was waning into a simmering organization as opposed to a undertook a hunger strike in Win- fizzle. The war in Vietnam was movement. As lar as the nipeg demanding a meeting with over as far as America was con- Ukrainian student movement side Prime Minister Trudeau to get him cerned. Students began taking a of the picture is concerned, much to intervene on behalf of the more conservative posture of what was once the uniting Ukrainian political prisoner Valen- towards activism. philosophy has eroded. lyn Moroz. The Prime Minister, who was there to make an official announcement that the govern- But the Ukrainian student dreeam was coming to ment had endorsed a multicultural policy (which was an end. Thousands of dollars were being wasted in ef- another success for SUSK), mobilize the student community, many agreed to meet with the hunger forts to strikers. Yurij Boshyk did most of leaders were finding their energies spent and their the negotiating with the Prime Minister's otfice and Trudeau tolerance at an ebb. *) agreed to raise the case of Moroz when Kosygin came for a visit to During 1972 — 1973 SUSK star- Multiculturalism has been pushed Another success! Canada. SUSK ted taking a more commercial ap- as tar as it can go on a cross- The last event that took place proach to student life — raising ideological level. The dilemna before the SUSK deluge was the money to pay debts. The C8C Ac- lacing SUSK now is that the next but visit of lormer Premier Alexi tion was commenced which was step is lo adopt an ideology, Kosygin ol the USSR to Canada in directed at getting multilingual to do so is to contradict SUSK's late October of 1971. Thousands broadcasting on Canadian net- cross-ideological character. In of people demonstrated in cities works. A growing tension bet- this sense SUSK is a limiting as across Canada. Students were ween the Set Them Free Com- opposed to a liberating again at the forefront ol these mittee and SUSK haunted other organization For 99% of the the demonstrations. In Toronto an in- areas of work. STUDENT came Ukrainian student population the incapacity of the organization to that Canada was multicultural — cident took place which I believe out regularly and perhaps was io convince everybody into is had a significant impact on the major solidifying lorce in student jump ideology meaningless because they have with SUSK membership. > political thought of SUSK leaders life. with — the police without cause, In Ihe years that followed the not been saturated SUSK life. For this reason SUSK rushed a crowd of 4000 Ukrainian left Ukrainian student community student will always be important at least illy - feeling of anxiousness as multiculturalism intensified, demonstrators, and the police can be characterized as in- as an organization if not as a d to us a Petryshyn went through the Ukraine once again started horses and police activily led to creasingly hostile to the "Ban- movement. But for those of us Things arguments with me — they really becoming the dominant issue to many injuries and an official dewtsi", those not in the Marxist who seek out more in our com- MAGIC wanted to convince me, I could SUSK, the fieldwork program ex- inquiry by the Province of Ontario circles were left somewhat un- open munity than tree , see that. "What is the Canadian panded enormously and ihis built which put the blame on the police certain as to what direction to democratic structures, or who cultural make-up?", Petryshyn up momentum of past years was force. But many young leaders follow. SUSK debts while cleared aspire tor more than just a vague asked me with an earnest look on carrying us forward. would never forget how completely m my year as. "Free Ukraine". SUSK will remain his face. "Bicultural?", I an- In Marusia's year as presideni, Ukrainians had been beaten up by president, returned to beleaguer a reservoir for recruiting per- swered. "Multicultural" — and SUSK managed to get enough the local police on that day. Ukrainian student life to this very sonnel and an unforgettable I of day. rew to a then he explained and was con- government funding to hire 20 I think the November issue In 1974 historical memory life with- vinced. This went on over and students lor summer lieldwork. 1 STUDENT in 1971 was a crucial SUSK passed through rgy tor a over again in the ranks of SUSK. was one ol the lieldworkers again issue in the history of the another phase in its development Its — strike mania. All : sixties the several The radicalism ol the that summer: I worked in Ottawa Ukrainian student movement. hunger ;perience did not die down in our com- lobbying M.P.'s on articles for the first time uncover jes were munity until' around 1971 and multiculturalism. I also was the ideological underpinings which in- shatter executive therefore I am adding that time coordinator ol another summer will surface in time and wchenko to the period ol the sixties. The fieldwork program organized un- SUSK. The issue contains an ar- gotten summer of 1970 saw the begin- der the name "Towards a ticle written by Trotsky in the brilliant nings of a massive campaign con- Ukrainian Unity" (Government 1930's on Ukraine, and an article on ducted by SUSK to convince name) which employed 35 studen- by Yurij Boshyk which infuses for lawyer, is jonse to Canadians that Canada was a ts as fieldworkers in Ukrainian the first time, a class analysis in- Andrij Semotiuk, a a report of multicultural country. SUSK em- youth organizations like CYM & to the issue of multiculturalism former SUSK President and was ion on ployed 9 fieldworkers that sum- PLAST. SUSK was trying to ac- and focuses on upward mobility the United Nations representative illuralism mer who largely worked on tivate a body called the Rada as an impossibility for us. I for the World Congress of Free c Groups organizing inter-ethnic con- Ukrajinskoji Molodi Kanady believe this issue had a profound Ukrainians ICKBY) until his national ferences whose theme was a (RUMK) to begin coordinating all effect on the student movement; resignation in September, 1976. He recently convince demand on our governments to our Ukrainian youth it certainly had a profound ellect is also the author of a "Towards an ida was recognize Canada's multicultural organizations, and the way it was on me. The honeymoon was published pamphlet, Democratic ng with character. doing it was to set me up as the coming to an end, and dillering International Free surfacing. 'ship. ! really have to hand it to Boh- coordinator of government money political views were Movement." of dan Krawchenko lor his genius for all the youth groups. RUMK There was a consolidation in the The paper published here was ners. and here. He was exceptionally good basically didn't work out — but Marxian Ukrainian left which originally presented by Mr. the at debating with opponents ol that's another story. What was im- could be seen the subsequent Semotiuk at ihe I8th SUSK of the multiculturalism and was a sound portant was that in the summer of issues of STUDENT. The Com- Congress in Vancouver, August, )vement. political theoretician that could 1971 SUSK had directly and in- mittee for the Defence of Valen- 1977. ost ot us torce Ministers into theoretical directly about 50 fieldworkers tyn Moroz was being divided ideological and personality , could Canada. or contortions. I might just add that throughout along lilosophy it was Bohdan who started Another proiect undertaken lines — a split was developing and in- STUDENT in the summer of 1969 that summer which had an enor- and the Set Them Free Com- 5 left-leaning committee) enough I was one of the fieldworkers mous impact on Ukrainian culture mittee (a together who worked in the summer ol m Canada was the organization of evolved.

I 1972 involved ) might 1970 — the second year of the ihe Ukrainian Canadian Festival The summer of ly the in- lieldwork project. The reason ol the Arts in Thunder Bay, On- SUSK in a video-tape project. The

STUDENT, November 1977; page 7 PL YUSHCH IN NORTH AMERICA SOVIET DISSENT: CURRENT SITUATION

its fist the west. II giving very evidence: old pulled but . his feet burned Ukrainian For the benefit of those who did showed to bad an and General Grigorenko. arrested Anatolyi Shcharansky of dissension with hot irons. In Georgia, lhat he concealed Jewish not have a chance to hear Leonid tactic sowing his him of being an members of a group. physical tortures continue, origins from party. However, Plyushch on his second North and accused among Then, the - t I th e CIA . Som e ne ar to to for lorlures are Ihe party statutes nol include American tour, we are printing a agen he proposed go Hamsa although, now, do sighted |ournalisls and politicians Hurdia's wife, that not occuring in bet republics any principles concerning Jewish transcript of his speech given in she become a say thai Carter's statements only CIA agent. said heritage of members. Even if Toronto, September 12, 1977 (tran- He that 2 Jewish Here Rudenko sent me an ar- tape by ..). hurt the cause ol the dissidents. members of- Ihe - group were Grigorenko had concealed his scribed from ticle by him, before he was The dissidents themselves should working lor the KGB, and "impure" blood, Ihis is not a Although certain sectors of the arresied asked. Except for ihe Med- her As soon as Ihey set up crime under Soviet law, nor are con- be suggested that he could help ac- Ukrainian community ihe Helsinki Group, unknown per- vedev brothers, I haven 't heard exchange letters with her cording to the parly statutes. vinced Plyushch came to North sons stoned his house. One of any ol them condemn Carter for husband in prison. The KGB is But it's important for them to to preach Marxism and America ihem hit Oksana Meshko in the his human rights statements. so stupid that it simply doesn't bang into peoples heads that the atheism, a critical reading of this shoulder — she had served 10 And, as tor t he M edved ev understand thai n bod w ill Jews are rebelling, that they are transcript should make one wonder years under Stalin Mykola brothers Ihat's a story in believe lhat a CIA agent can a "Fifth Column". This is why where and why these groundless Rudenko is a wriier and he put itself. We five representatives establish contact with a KGB Ihey claim lhat I was Ihe leader of claims originate. together ihis photo- of the Helsinki Groups in the prison so easily. When Hamsa Ihe Zionists in Kiev. Svitlichny montage. ..(displays photo — Ladies and Gentlemen. Dear West, have in common only a sup- Hurdia's wife and Iriends, repor- was alleged to be a liason man ed.)...lhe rocks which had been Countrymen. I'm very grateful lor port of Ihe general direction of ted Fawcett's visil lo the KGB, between Ukrainian thrown at his the activities of the Helsinki ihe KGB wasn't overly perturbed. house, and ihe bourgeois nationalism and the your presence here. I want to ex- represen- background are his books from plain what Is happening in the Groups. And , as a It's strange how calmly ihey Zionists. Sakharov and Solzhenit- his library: Marx, Engels, and tative of Helshki Groups. I Mao Soviet Union now — the terrible the received news about the presence syn were declared lo be Jews. I Tse-Tung. Mykola Rudenko was a repressions thai are taking place can compare the policies of Chan- ot a CI A agent. think ihis could be particularly of- member of the Parly and even a there. And to analyze the reasons cellor Schmidt and the stalemen- And here the general fensive lo Solzhenitsyn...and so political inslructor. This is his for ihem. And to reply to the ac- is made by President Carter. background in chauvinist on ... So that is the situation now. Giscard humour ...it's ralher difficult to cusations I've encounlered in When D'Estamg gave propaganda. For the mosi part it When we demand that human understand. He's now serving Chicago and Detroil: we represen- Brezhnev a gift of 2 automobiles, is very sharply anti-semitic. Since rights be discussed seriously al those time thanks to Ihe automobile tatives of the Helsinki Groups are two cars were tor about 1969, il has reached very Belgrade, we have no greal Brezhnev's Brezhnev was given. accused of supporting Carter's son's huge auto large dimensions, and il is in- illusions. Especially on my part, collection, almost all of leftist How can what is being done policy. I wanl to explain what this creasing every day. I have here a since I've left the Soviel Union France now be explained?? The Soviet means, whether it's a support of whistled down Brezhnev. book by the Soviet writer Ivan and since whai is happening here. Brezhnev regime is undergoing an un- all of Carter's policies, or a sup- had come to France to Shevtsov. This is a purely Nazi Some capitalists find Brezhnev support Giscard D'Estaing again- with precedented economic, political port ol his statements. I agree book Communist detente profitable, because st and spiritual crisis. The only in- with your analysis of our op- Mitterand before the elections. phraseology. It simply retells the there's a large market Ihere. The after telligent way out of Ihis crisis for position movements as a whole, day Brezhnev returned protocols of the Elders ol Zion. I Some Irade union activists also home, the trial of the country — not for the but certain things must be added Rudenko and wonder whether ihere are some think it is profitable because Tykhy authorities — is to work for to explain our position. When we was begun. One oar, international laws against Nazi unemployment here will be probably the economic democratization. So appealed to Brezhnev or Kosygm. one Brezhnev im- propaganda. Is it impossible for reduced. And some governmenls lhat the workers, peasanis and in- some ol our comrades accused mediately liked, cost Rudenko some inlernational organization are simply afraid, the way ihey seven telligentsia could somehow in- us oi sowing illusions, No, there years in a labour camp and to bring this Nazi to trial. (It's were afraid ol Hitler, and think fluence their five years in exile. You probably in leaders, influence were no illusions. We took this been written that ] Jews that their Munich politics (I have know that 1 heir work at their enterprises, scrap of paper called the con- Brezhnev ordered thai loxicaie ihe poor Russian people, in mind Munich in 1936) will attain the colour of the other car have an influence on their wages, stitution and made it into our be they bring about their sexual peace. But you must know the changed — ed. and so forth. But this is im- weapon. This is the mam reason That must have depravity, they killed brilliant psychology of the aggreser, the cost more, because possible without political why a new constitution, worse Tykhy Russian scientists. You gel the bandit. He's afraid, and in order to received ten years in a labour democratization. And here we're rhan the Stalinist constitution impression that ihey have only overcome his fear, he tries to in- camp and 3 years exile. Well, it's approaching the central point of was promulgated. Il hasn't been geniuses there, which are being limidate others. Thai is why we foolish to ask the dissidents, after the conlradictions thai exist in officially proclaimed yel; I'm murdered all the time. There is a have a great hope that in the West this, whose posilion is closer Soviet politics and economics. alrajd that they mighl fine several to phrase here thai Zionism is worse a mass movement will be theirs; lhat of the Social- This regime is built on misin- workers lor a facade and proclaim than fascism because it takes established lo apply pressure to Democratic Chancellor formation and lies. In con- Schmidl . the more severe laws This scrap of concealed paths, seizes the all governments in order thai ihey paper called Helsinki President Giscard D'Estaing or press, medicine, the law. culture temporary period, the scientilic- Ihe Accords l-ullill the Helsinki Accords in President Carter And whal if lechnical revolution, information also was made into such a and teaching. It infiltrates a/I par- their own countries and demand Galyna Brezhnev, Brezhnev's the Trotsky did, lor is ihis revolution's most crucial potent weapon, and lhai is why lies, way thai other countries do the same. daughter, began to colled ther- facior. A regime which bases the KGB attacked Ihe Helsinki example. The author was terribly This scrap of paper records everything that If mo-nuclear rockets, and America reader on lies, cannot- be suc- Groups so violently. govern- concerned lhat the human rights are as important as ments make promises, gave her a gift of a rocket?! wouldn't know lhai Trotsky was a cessful in directing the economy we all the oiher principles of deienie. with these methods. demand lhat ihey keep t heir Jew. and emphasized this by And so , provocations Now aboul the Deiente will be false, will have no they've decided a different promises. and the press stories lhat are ac- calling him Bronstein. When way sense if Ihese promises are not out. This was calls for the West Now, I would like to talk aboul companying this. You don't have one Soviet legal expert replied carried out. If we succeed, and ihe to give them economic events taking place in the to be a legal expert, and you don'i about my case, he said chauvinist some trade unions have promised assistance. Soviet Union. The provocations people, propaganda is banned in ihe But here they en- have to know these us this, to summon a parallel con- began last November counter something they didn't ex- (1976 — ed.) I Soviet Union. But it's strange, for although know many ol ihem. ference to ihe Belgrade Con- pect, ihey thought that During searches at the apart- It sufficient the ihis man has just published his 's to know ference, of governments, we can ments of members of the lourlh book, while people human rights, guranteed in the situation in the Soviet Union to who attain Ihis. Ukrainian Helsinki Group. A rifle understand thai currency and defend national movements are Helsinki Accords , wo uld But to do so we have lo attack was found at remain just a scrap of paper. ihe teacher's . rifles pornography and imprisoned. This was published in and the myths about the Soviet Union, Oleksyi Tykhy's; American dollars When in our count ry, in the espionage of Scheransky 1970 and in ihis year, more and struggle Czechoslovakia, to against the lalse were found ai Mykola Rudenko's; were all crude frame-ups People terrible things are written. When in Poland and idea that if we criticise the Soviel pornography was found at loined an organization officially, Shlern was accused, they wanted other countries, Helsinki Groups Union, we are thereby -' n ooriing poet- writer's, Oles' Berdnyk's. thai is legally and openly. Those lo charge him with murdering were set up, (in Czechoslovakia Ihe forces of reaction. No, it is They warned to force Dr. Kov- of you who visiled ihe Soviet children Now ihey wanl lo use Charter 77 was signed); ihis those people who support Ihe lunenko, a friend of M ykola Union may have noticed how you Anatolyi Shcharansky and the became a weapon directed again- Soviel Union, who support reac- Rudenko's to be a spy for them were followed But a lourisl will Goldstein brothers from the st ihe main root ol this regime — tionaires. But this idea causes When Kovtunenko refused, he be followed by only one or two Georgian group to prove that lies. They look fright because ihe greal difficulties for us. And we and Dr. Shlern were accused of KGB agenls, not more. My wife Jews are a "Fifth Column". There political crisis deepened. Now consianlly have to explain by taking bribes. They were given a once counted 23 KGB agenls is a smaller, but nevertheless bar- Ihey have lo use Helsinki to prove citing facts that, first of all, sentence of that 2 years. Rudenko following her. I haven't had such baric ami-Tartar campaign. All at- exchange ot people and in- Brezhnev directly supports the wrotee an article about this, an honour, and never counted tempts lo defend one's national formation, brings about an in- Shah of Iran, and gives economic wherehesaid if you don't wanl to more lhan 14. And, in this culture, as is happening in crease of opposition in our coun- assistancce lo a Brazil. Rumania be despicable, that is, an agent ol situation, to function as a CIA Ukraine or in ihe Baltic republics try, terrorism, espionage, moral gives economic aid to Chile. This the KGB, then you have to go to agenl, as Shcharansky was ac- is looked upon as bourgeois corruplion, etc. On the other prison. Then is direct assistance. There's also the Moscow Group cused of doing, or to stash rifles, nationalism. There is a barbaric hand, they have I prove, and indirect assistance. Our In- was subjected to searches. Gin- dollars — is simply not very persecution of all churches. Only Brezhnev went to France for this, sburg ternational Committee Against had American dollars plan- serious. Just as the trial of the Russian Orthodox Church is lo speak to other governments as led; Repressions managed to obiain he was arrested Professor Bukharin and others under Stalin recognized. Bul all honest priesls one statesman lo another. This is Orlov ihe release of the Peruvian ac- was arrested. A nd Sh- were nol ai all serioue (ie. were in ihis church are persecuted. In why he made himself president livisi Quantos Quadros. I spoke to charansky, an active member of show-trials • He signed the constitution ed.) I don't know Sh- Georgia, a Patriarch was elected with the him about this. He said that in his Jewish movement was charansky, Perhaps he will be lor- through KGB machinations, one hand and signed the country speculations are being arresied. The attack is directed ced to confess, as his friend rather lhan an honest document making himself primarily at the Helsinki Groups. Lipavsky president with the other. made as lo how their country was forced lo. I warn metropolitan whom the Georgians And so defends its peoplle against com- Two members of the Georgian focus on the most terrible case of wanled. The new Patriarch, very now they could talk as president Group have munist-terrorism. And in the been arrested. All this all of these. That is the ac- similar lo the Russian Patriarch, lo president: you have your dif- Soviel Union, when we are in s accom pan ie d by variou s cusation ol espionage against Sh- ailacked Hamsa Hurdia when he ficulties and we have difficulties; provocations. These provocations psychiatric prisons, the people charansky. As soon as this ac- spoke out in defence of the you have an opposition and we are more are told they are being protected important lhan the cusation was made, we made a rights of the Georgian Orthodox have an opposition, you've got arrests, because from fascism and American im- arrests lake statement declaring lhat there Church. The KGB and this Palriar- Basques, Communists, socialists place all perialism. This is why we the lime. I wanl to was caught in was a threat of Ihis kind ol thing ch have robbed this church blind and other rift-raff, and we have alt the great crackdown (pogrom) ol extend a hand to all political becoming s ystemat ic. A nd and put il into its own pocket In kinds of marxlsts and anti- 1972 Bui lhat crackdown prisoners in fascist countries, was not charges would not only be made the catacombs can be found the marxists. As iwo statesmen, we as cynical, because their fate is our fale, and nol as provocative (as against Jews as a "Fifth Ukrainian Catholic Church. The can come lo an understanding the "ice versa. I harrassment ai present — I'll don't even have to Column", bul against other Lithuanian Catholic Church is — support you against your op- ed.). There weren't as many black- at mention the moral aspect of this. national movements. And, in fact, being diciated the general line all position your election and mails, or provocations. (For Uruguay communists prolesled I you'll remain sileni at — have a statement by the the lime. In Kiev, I saw how young Belgrade example) When Bukovsky was ex- that at our mass meeting we Georgian Helsinki Group. On May Jews were forbidden to go to and we'll go on conducting irade changed for Corvalen, that simulianeously defended their same 21st, 1977, a Jewish member of synagogues. There is a par- like decenl people. day, the KGB sel g e n e I t Malva Landa'a ra s ec re , the the Georgian Helsinki Group, ticularly savage persecution of This is a double-barreled policy house on fire. They accused for mathematician, Massera, Goldstein, was visiled by a Bapiists. In the last year 3 Bap- the West. For internal con- her of setting her own house on together with Bukovsky and William Fawcett, a businessman lists were killed sumption they've got a barbaric fire. and one was She was sentenced to2 years Gluszman. I don't know what Irom Canada, as he claimed, who shol al. For example, the Baplisl chauvinist propaganda which in exile, When Dr. Shlern was began a provocative conversation Dejnega from the Chernihiv concentrates on ihe poor Jew released through the influence ot He wanted to meet the wife of prison in Ukraine was murdered who is being used as a scapegoal ihe internaiional slruggle lor him, Hamsa Hurdia. He said lhat one and maimed. In 1969, a Baptist in by all governments. Orders were (DISSENT continued the Soviet regim e cyn ically ol the arrested, Kostava, was prison had his tongue and teeth read in the army about the on page 11}

STUDENT, November 1977; page 8 STUDENT CULTURAL INVOLVEMENT SASKATOON SUSK CULTURAL WORKSHOP OCTOBER 21-23, 1977 The purpose of Saskatoon s stimulating three hour presen- "cultural weekend" was lour-fold. Did the "Cultural Weekend" tation on Ukrainian music, pur- First, as the major activity of the succeed? Although few students porting that Ukrainians have more term it was to lay a solid foun- and performers from Edmonton songs than any other ethnic dation for a club which had sat and Winnipeg lived up to their group. Roman led his audience dormant in a Student Union filing commitments (with a realm of through melancholy, exuberance, cabinet for five years. Second, it typical "student" excuses), those laughter and tears, by selecting was lo develop a rapport between localities and visitors that samples of instrumental, folk, students of the Prairie provinces gathered did benefit. The strength choral, religious, symphonic and and increase the local scope of of the new club's foundation is a "troyisty" music. Attention was Ukrainian-Canadianism. Third, it debateable question. The par- given to the richness of lyrics In was to raise the public status of ticipants supported all activities Ukrainian songs and thus, the fur- Ukrainian students in Saskatoon with zeal, but the absence of num- ther justification of needing the by making public the cultural bers was conspicuous. The same language to fully understand workshops and concert and suc- old question keeps imerging - How culture. A wind-up concert held on cessfully realizing the entire do we attract the "unorganized" Saturday evening, introduced event. And finally, it was to give Ukrainians! Especially students some new stars (and some not so young talented Ukrainian artists from rural areas. The concert was new) to its audience: Saskatoon's necessary exposure and ex- well executed but poorly attended Yevshan Dance Ensemble, Daleki perience and the participants a Undoubtedly more efforts to raise

, Tumany (Far Horizons-Petro and broader understanding of the the status of students in Michael Barboluk, Donald cultural and artistic traditions Saskatoon will have to be made. . Derkewych, Vesna Youth Choir, The workshops were Perhaps the provincial KYK will directed by S. Chypyh, Chervoni challenging, provocative and Coffeehouse frivolity —the ubiquitous 'hopak'. meet a previous request and hold (the sisters), Daminski a session for students! executed with a personal touch. But , to soloist Paul Cipiwnyk, bandurist Oienka Bilash of the Canadian In- theatre: Language must be end on a positive note, the quality woodwork - woodburning en- Roman Onufriychuk, classical stitute of Ukrainian viewed as a means to an end and of our budding artists and the studies in Ed- crustation , carving and various pianist Steven Soroka from monton handled the question of not an end in itself. Such is the workshop leaders was very in- combinations of these Regina, and Master of Ceremonies Ukrainian language education in direction of the bilingual spiring and each performer ex- techniques. An interesting R actorn ii Bilash carried the Canada, comparing situations in Ukrainian-English schools in Ed- ceeded his own expectations! discussion differentiating "art" eveninq to a delightful close. various provinces. She em- monton. and "craft" in the Ukrainian phasized the need for Morris Sulatiski of Saskatoon sup- cultural arts ensued. plementary outlets in which to conducted a workshop on "rizba" Winnipeg's Irka Onufriychuk in- utilize Ukrainian, especially at the Throught his own search for iden- troduced the history and sym- children's level —television, tity as a Ukrainian in Canada, he bolism ot Ukrainian pottery in a public librairies, films and explained traditional forms of radio, slide presentation. Through com- parisons of shape, form, structure, motifs, and color, she enhanced ideas conveyed during Mr. Suit ski's presentation. Bohdan Zerebecky of Saskatoon discussed the history of Ukrainian dance. He related etymology to the development of various steps, and noted the in- fluence of theatre, ballet, and technical staging on dance at home and abroad. Although audience consensus was that Ukrainian dance as a visible art form should develop naturally in Canada, there was also consensus that choreographers have a responsibiltiy to maintain its traditional ethnographic elements in this growth and development.

Perhaps if dance troupes would invest more money into improving their dancers, rather than touring the world, quality would improve. Roman Onufriychuk (Winnipeg), father of the infamous summer Workshop participants enjoy a humerous interlude cultural immersion SELOs across Canada, gave the usually Roman Oaufrijchuk — Kobzar at large S TUDEN T INTER VIE W Jars THE POSTER AND THE ARTIST Balan IHot Kucharyshyn is a 3rd year B.A. programme which allowed of restricted lo being appreciated art with student at the University of Alber- me to mix my subjects by Ukrainian people -- although ta. Presently enrolled in a special more academic subjects, t also good art will be accepled cross- B.A. programme, he spent his first took a drawing course in Grade 12 culturally I would say thai I tend year working towards a B.F.A. that was part of the university ex- to be more western than - basically degree, but found his course work tension programme Ukrainian in my outlook •• abstract confining and unsatisfactory. His figure drawing. art in particular has interested me parents came to Canada in 1948, a lot lately, probably because of and he has been active in the Student: Are you influenced by myeducation. Ukrainian Catholic community and any artist in particular? in Plast. His first major graphic Student: In other words, you're work was a very effective poster I.K.: Well, there are a number of not interested in being another for the visit of Leonid Plyushch to artists who have influenced me as Kurelek. Edmonton, September IS, 1977. far as my ideas of what art should This poster was also used by the be, but as far as my own style I.K.: Weil, Kurelek is very noted

I can't really say that Winnipeg Plyushch Tour Com- goes, and has his own style, but I think mittee, and has been reproduced in they've influenced me very much. that there are certain limitations

- numerous newspapers and For instance, Wassily Kandinsky in that although he presents magazines. -the turn of the century Russian slightly different subject matter, - abstract painter has influenced its always in the same style. He student: How old were you when me in this way. more in terms of deserves credit, however, for you started to paint or draw, and his ideas and theories. developinga distinct style. what arlistic training have you had? Student: Do you relate in any way Student: Are you inlerested in to the contemporary Canadian art making your living as an arllst - I.K.: I've always been interested scene? either in a commercial or a real break in art, but my first came creative sense? in Grade 11 when I took com- I.K.: Generally, I try to become mercial art. which was a fairly I acquainted with most of the K.: | think that if did want to condensed and involved approach current trends In Canadan art. make my living at it, it would on a more serious level. Art took but it would be difficult to say probablybe in the creative sense. up half of my curriculum in Grade thai l follow the work of anyone in It's much more satisfying lo be - 11 in Grade 12 I took more particular. able to do whal you yourself — academic courses so that I could your soul, or spirit •• command. go on lo university. I did my first student: Does the fact that you're As a commercial artist you're year of university in a B.F.A. Ukrainian Nave any bearing on pretty much restricted to very con- programme, which was your art work? producing what other people want centrated - the main emphasis you to do. Though there's a lot of was on my art work, and I only I.K.: I try not to let it affect my had one option, which was arl, because I think that it comes (POSTER continued on philosophy- During my second down to a cultural thing —if you 11) year I switched over lo a special page produce "Ukrainian" arl, it's sort

STUDENT, November 1977; page 9 CLUB NEWS SUSK FUND (Contributors to date)

CROSS CANADA V.Koskovych $50.00 18th SUSK CONGRESS (UBC USC) $300.00 CALGARY —UPCOMING SKI-TRIP ski weekend for one at Big While, The Ukrainian Students ever attempted a function such as B.C. will be given away as a door had, in this and it was on the whole, Association in Calgary has STUDENT prize, courtesy of University the past, a reputation ot getting quite successful. Travel and P.W.A. off to a slow start every year. Internally, the club has a bright Furthermore, in response to However, with a new interested, new executive and membership, one of the recommendations at eager membership this year, the which meets ralher regularly in ilself the office (room 218 McEwan the 18th SUSK Congress, the club has managed lo pull PRESS FUND Calgary and Vancouver clubs will out of a so-called "dungeon" and Hall). Because of the continual be jointly sponsoring a ski trip to has started on a program of con- use of the ollice facilities, the (Contributions to date) B.C. crete action. The first event of club has finally managed to put Big White, December 28 through January 2. the year was "Ukrainian Days" pressure on the U. of C. Students' While things are looking up for held September 22 - 24. It Union to provide better club featured several cultural and arts space. Those who have seen the the Ukrainian Students V. Koskovych $50.00 Association displays, a sale of ceramics and Calgary club's office will well un- in Calgary, the Ukrainian food and a guest derstand the need for a telephone horizon is still not rosy. A con- tinual apathy on the part of speaker, Andrij Makuch (1977-78 and even a door! McMaster USC $100.00 students, well general SUSK National President), who While the U. of C. club is still a as as a addressed a packed hall on the socially oriented organization, suspicion ol students by the "Four Myths of Ukrainian they have finally managed to Ukrainian public in Calgary (a 18th SUSK Congress (UBC USC) $200.00 Canadian History". In con- provide some cultural, political, symptom common to most junction with "Ukrainian Days", and general interest activities. Ukrainian clubs), still prevails. the club also sponsored a Speakers, films, dance lessons, One of the chiel goals of this club Ukrajinski Narodni Dim(Edmonton) $100.00 "zabava" which was received by demonstrations on a small scale, this year is to eliminate that barrier, (Ukrainian Catholic Unity) the student body wilh mixed elc. are all in store for prospective or at least partially remove emotions: some came and others members. As a midterm break it. However, with the new people didn't. This was the first time the Irom studying, a Halloween party available as resources, this task University of Calgary club has will be held on October 28, and a should not be as formidable as it seems. All contributions should be forwarded to: HEALTHY CLUB MANITOBA —A UKRAINIAN CANADIAN notency in the sporting arena is ol the year the task of co- STUDENTS' UNION TH« Ukrainian Students' Club at ' itF recent capture of the In- th° University ot Manitoba has on- smnsoring the Plyushch tour in tramural Soccer championship on 11246-91 STREET ce aqain firmly established itself Winnipeg. The capabililies ol the famous. USC Club is reflected by the suc- np campus. Future events worth noting in- EDMONTON, ALBERTA cess of this venture. As a result of Club membership this year is clude: A Winnipeg supplement in this there is a slrong in- pynecled lo peak at the three hun- tour, the next issue of STUDENT, CANADA T5B 4A2 dication that a Winnipeg dred mark, and it is perceived that - Kilvada and Shchedrivanya ; 'tee in Defense of Soviet one-third of this will con- during the festive season, a sym- Political may sist ot new club members. This Prisoners (CDSPP) nosium on the Ukrainian question he established in conjunclion ia*ne proportion of new members in February, and the SUSK with members of the USC is 'eflected in the new executive N^iional Congress in August intramural sports activities are — nut of the ten elected members — which will mark the 25th an- w*»H underway and the Ukrainian headed by Ihor Hlushok niversary ot SUSK .and which SUSK SKI TRIP Students' once again 'o'«sidentj, only three have held Club has nromises to be the biggesi fip'ded a plethora of intramural pyecuiive positions in the past. Congress in SUSK's history ie=»ms. An indication of USC's The club had as its lirst major (Mishko keeos his promises!. SKI KELOWNA'S BIG WHITE' EDMONTON — STRONG DEC. 28, 1977 - JAN. 2, 1978 U I Go-Sponsored By Vancouver As the school year progresses, •Jim Carter — Chairman ol Stan- food in the cafeteria, a variety seminar, coffee house, and and everyone is trying .to keep ding Committees show, Calgary USCs their heads above the sea of -Jo-Anne Melnychuk — Social closing with the Western Con- And books, Edmonton's U.S.C. is Convenor ference over the week-end. More information will be sent out lo all helping the students swim -Andrij Makuch — Pasl President Lodging at the Stetson Village through with a variety of Among the activities the club the clubs towards the end of enlightening activities. has already put on are a "Last Day November. (with kitchenettes and indoor pool) The club this year is extremely ol Sept. Social", a film night with Among other activities planned accomodation and lift tickets strong, wilh 150 members and the fealure film "Reflections ol are seminars on human rights, a 'Five days more to come. The year started off the Past" and a Halloween "New Year's Bosh" to be held in •ONLY $82.80 PLUS $2.18 TAX!! with a two week recruiting drive on Masquerade and Dance. conjunction with the other campus. A new executive was The SUSK Western Conference Ukrainian youth groups in the city, will in a Malanka, carolling, ski trip, set- e I eel ed at the annual meeting, and be held Edmonton in early they are as follows: March, and the club will be going ting up summergrant projects.elc. BOOK NOW! potential this -Daria Luciw — Presidenl all out to make it a huge success.. The club has great DISAPPOINTMENT!! -Andrij Bihun — Vice-President The week prior to the conference year, and the executive will be AVOID all it hopes to stage a "Ukrainian striving to fulfill the needs of -Halia Savaryn — Secretary deposit to the Van Week" on Campus, with Ukrainian the cultural-political activity star- If interested, please send a $15.00 •Boris Radio — Treasurer ved members in the club. couver USC in the form of a cheque or money order (made out to the ALPHA OMEGA SOCIETY). To secure yourself a place, your deposit should be postmarked NO LATER THAN NOVEMBER 15, 1977.

Vera Yeleniuk 8440 Garden City Rd. Richmond, B.C. V6Y2P3 We look forward to seeing you on the slopes! Those an swering this ad will receive a mailing with further details.

Yes, I plan to attend the SUSK ski trip! NAME ADDRESS

UNIVERSITY..

I wish the full package (lodgings plus lifts).,

I wish to have only lodgings and no lifts

STUDENT, November 1977; page 10 A VULTURE Continued from p.2 dominating Ukrainian student KYK CONGRESS though!, efforts, and ac- complishments. It is also getting boring: one can read only so much Continued from page 1 material, hear so many speeches, and talk only so much on the same John Ewasew: raking he ended up symposium on :ne topic of subject, in the the same style, and Congress lack of Summing up the Congress, it organizations was lacking. In its the for the youth national unity to be organized, in the same form of presentation, participation & over-participation must be said that this was place, there was with its findings presented to the widespread without wearing one's interest probably ihe poorest and weakest and disillusionment by members of the older Task Force on National Unity. apathy with thin — and this is especially true Congress ever held: the leader- the way in which KYK has generation and for its ineffective The Plyushch question was ex- for persons who are merely caught ship exhibited in the pasl by the or niore appropriately, activities pected to be a major point of con- developed' ' on the bandwagon excitement Business " and Professional of In addition to the usual tension during the Congress. As regressed. (i.e.), most of us.... Federation and some other platitudes gratitudes, and it , was, the "Liga position" on Those who' truly are interested acknowledgements, the Congress Plyushch had very little support. in political science and economics voted to have KYK send a Congress delegates voted almost should and — must study further delegation to meet immediately unanimously to extend greetings the Ukrainian community needs to with the Secretary of State for Ex- DISSENT to Plyushch and to lend support have qualified, knowledgeable ternal Affairs, Don Jamteson, to to his fight for human rights and people representing it in gover- express, once again, the concern Ukrainian independence. It is ex- Continued from page 8 nment, in academia, etc. of the Ukrainian community con- pected that Liga will shortly issue question of l Just as all people are not artists, cerning the human an .official statement on its ab- they were talking about. How can This is he' difference, Soviet the principle similarly, all Ukrainians are not rights in the Union and sence from the Congress. In any they not understand the internal as a matter of between capable in political endeavors. Helsinki Accords Review Con- event connections between their some oppositionists in fascist , they will have to do a lot of coun- Therefore, our talents must be ference in Belgrade, while another explaining: their demands that try and ours?? We have only one countries, and in our movement resolution directs the executive reply have lived cultured and developed in other Plyushch not be present at the — only when we see a letter as a whole. We to open a KYK office in Ottawa which have fields, as well — and all with a Congress were met by all parties from Massera himself, will we through decades basic polit ical (starting sometime in 1978) to stop delending taught us a number of things. I and econom ic concerned. In fact, the Plyushch him. Although I direct daily contacts here knowledge maintain question was raised only three or know for a fact that Massera shall probably stop Art is almost totally non- with government officials. four times throughout the before his arrest would never describing the situation. resolution calls for existent in the Canadian Ukrainian Another a Congress. have come out In our defense. student group. Our mere handful of artists (in the widest sense of the term) is an embarassingly small number compared to our POSTER masses of political "activists" and "interested". For instance, hdw art Continued from page 9 total service: many Ukrainian literary and _ groups exist in Canada that

people really know about? How creativity in commercial art, too. I which was plastered all over Ed- . much Ukrainian music of quality is guess, I haven't really decided yet homes monton and has now appeared in being, and has been, produced in — that's probably why I'm taking the Edmonton Journal three Canada? How much artistic academic courses as well. commercial times. What was behind your literary material is submitted to decision to do it -- or, to put It acreages our own newspaper, STUDENT? Student: Do you have any another way, is your art lot of such "for instances" may be preferences in terms of the media politically motivated in any way? farms asked, and the point that I wish to youwork with? make is: too few Ukrainians are I.K.: Well, I'm not really very Art. are I.K.: Uh, I don't really like to tie leasing producing Too few -- poiiyical basically, 1 did the studying in the performing, ar- myselt down to one medium sin- poster for humanitarian reasons. tistic, musical, and literary arts, ce that in a way is restricting I can relate to the fact that and this is crippling crea'' ity. I'd like to learn to a major factor Plyushch and other dissidents in the decline of Ukrainian culture masier painting - oil painting and suffer extreme oppression in the in Canada. A culture .which acrylics —and I'm also presently Soviet Union, and I was glad that I produces is involved in working wit h a no art spiritually dead, was able to do something on their ultimately will technique of print-making and die physically, behalf. Generally, though, you as well. Basically, though, I think it's a could say that I was motivated good idea to experiment with The present political (though more for humanitarian than various t ypes of med ia too often childish and leftist) in-' political reasons. especially when you're younger - terest of our student group is HERITAGE TRUST until you find the one that is most essential to the awakening of our Student: Thank you very much for suited to expressing yoursnf 10166 . 100 STREET, EDMONTON youth, and especially to those of taking the time to share some of with. TELEPHONE 429-6656 the third to fifth generations in your thoughts on art with the Canada. However, it is too readers of Student Mud.-nt: final question fashionable a trend to endure, and One regarding rather than allowing this interest you r Plyushch poster, to wither into apathy and ignoran- chequing ce once again, we must develop it into a productive, creative, and RIVIERA CAFE savings vibrant force. Art has always been both the soul and main driving for- loans ce behind the Ukrainian people; it 9711 Jasper Avenue is precisely this kind of soul' that retirement savings Canada is searching desperately Edmonton, Alberta to acquire. And it is something investment certificates that Canadian Ukrainians can at- tain by drawing on their past in or- trust services der to create for the present and for the future. Students and DISCOUNT FOR STUDENTS mortgages Universities must lead these ef- forts," for a Canadian Ukrainian culture is viable, and will be Phone — 426-3437 John Tymchyshyn, Proprietor unique but. nonetheless, Ukrainian. D.Hohol

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STUDENT, November 1977; page 11 Opening October 15th Everyman's heritage. The Canadian Odyssey

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STUDENT, November 1977; page 12