DOCSLIB.ORG

Niobium Hall of Fame

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Niobium Hall of Fame Charles Hatchett Anders Gustaf Ekeberg THE TANTALUM - NIOBIUM HALL OF FAME Charles Hatchett discovers columbium (niobium (Nb)). 1801 1802 Anders Gustaf Ekeberg discovers tantalum (Ta). 1809 Infamously, William Hyde Wollaston mistakenly claims tantalum and columbium (niobium) are the same element. Jöns Jacob Berzelius isolates tantalum metal. 1825 Heinrich Rose rediscovers niobium. 1844 1866 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac proves Christian Blomstrand isolates niobium metal. that tantalum and niobium are two elements. Over 100 million tantalum filament light-bulbs are manufactured by 1903-1911 General Electric & Electric Lamp Co. Dr Clarence Balke at Fansteel Metallurgical patents a process for commercial tantalum 1922 production. New applications include tantalum carbides and high voltage rectifiers. Niobium starts to be used in tool steel. 1925 Niobium starts to be used in stainless steels. 1930 Fansteel produces the first commercial wet tantalum capacitor. Tantalum surgical implants (left) are developed. 1940s The U.S. Bureau of Mines develops solvent-solvent extraction Microalloyed steels are developed. 1950s technology to process tantalite. Oakridge National Laboratories develop the Large niobium orebodies are discovered in Brazil and Canada. method to reduce tantalum fluoride salt. R. Taylor, N. Summit and H. Haring at Bell Laboratories invent the solid electrolyte tantalum capacitor. Tantalum capacitors using manganese dioxide Commercial production of niobium-based capacitors commences are developed. Preston Robinson, working at 1960s in USSR. Sprague Electric Co. is among the leaders. Fansteel develops Ta2.5W alloy “Fansteel 63” for the fabrication of heat exchangers and vessels to be used in the chemical Bell Laboratories produce the first niobium-tin 1961 processing industry. (Nb3Sn) superconductor wires. The Charles Hatchett Award is created by 1979 CBMM. The first winners were Gil Speich and Don Dabkowski of US Steel. Single-crystal superalloys containing Picture: CBMM, Charles Hatchett Award tantalum and niobium are first developed, 1980s allowing the development of next generation aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines. Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa and Alan Heeger receive the Nobel 2000 Prize in Chemistry for developing the semi-conducting polymer for Picture: Shutterstock tantalum-polymer capacitors. Picture: Nobel Foundation archive Picture: Nobel Foundation Niobium-titanium superconductors allow 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to become the standard in 2000s hospitals. Millions of people live longer, healthier lives thanks to MRI machines. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is switched on. At its core are niobium- 2008 Picture: Shutterstock based superconductors Picture: CERN electromagnets. Dr Tang Huiping of Xi’an Sailong Metal Materials Co., Ltd T.I.C. creates the Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize. The first 2018 creates the first artificial tantalum knee made using additive winner is Dr Yuri Freeman of KEMET Electronics Corporation. manufacturing to be successfully implanted. The Japan Space Agency lands the Hayabusa-2 spacecraft on the 2019 asteroid R yugu and shoots a tantalum bullet into the asteroid to aid in sample collection. The story is only just beginning… Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (T.I.C.) Chaussée de Louvain 490, 1380 Lasne, Belgium. Tel: +32 2 649 51 58; [email protected]; www.TaNb.org © T.I.C. 2019.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Framework for the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Interaction Graphs
    A Framework for the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Interaction Graphs DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sitaram Asur, B.E., M.Sc. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Prof. Srinivasan Parthasarathy, Adviser Prof. Gagan Agrawal Adviser Prof. P. Sadayappan Graduate Program in Computer Science and Engineering c Copyright by Sitaram Asur 2009 ABSTRACT Data originating from many different real-world domains can be represented mean- ingfully as interaction networks. Examples abound, ranging from gene expression networks to social networks, and from the World Wide Web to protein-protein inter- action networks. The study of these complex networks can result in the discovery of meaningful patterns and can potentially afford insight into the structure, properties and behavior of these networks. Hence, there is a need to design suitable algorithms to extract or infer meaningful information from these networks. However, the challenges involved are daunting. First, most of these real-world networks have specific topological constraints that make the task of extracting useful patterns using traditional data mining techniques difficult. Additionally, these networks can be noisy (containing unreliable interac- tions), which makes the process of knowledge discovery difficult. Second, these net- works are usually dynamic in nature. Identifying the portions of the network that are changing, characterizing and modeling the evolution, and inferring or predict- ing future trends are critical challenges that need to be addressed in the context of understanding the evolutionary behavior of such networks. To address these challenges, we propose a framework of algorithms designed to detect, analyze and reason about the structure, behavior and evolution of real-world interaction networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Nov07 NUCLEUS Aa4b
    DED UN 18 O 98 F http://www.nesacs.org N Y O T R E I T H C E N O A E S S S L T A E A C R C I N S M S E E H C C TI N O CA February 2009 Vol. LXXXVII, No. 6 N • AMERI Monthly Meeting Professor Wilton L. Virgo of Wellesley College to Speak at Simmons College Tips for Job Seekers By Megan Driscoll Summer Scholar Report Identification of Genes Regulated by Transcriptional Regulator, p8 By Derek Kong This Month in Chemical History By Harold Goldwhite, California State University, Los Angeles February Historical Events in Chemistry by Leopold May, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC February 1, 1905 methods for the determination of ing and used it against pellagra and Fifty years ago, Emilio Segré shared crystal structures, was born on this pursued the idea that diseases such the Nobel Prize in Physics (1959) day. as beriberi, scurvy, rickets and pella- with Owen Chamberlain for their gra were caused by lack of vital sub- discovery of the antiproton. He co- February 16, 1955 stances in the diet. discovered technetium with C. Per- F. P. Bundy, H. T. Hall, H. M. Strong rier in 1937, and astatine with D. R. and R. H. O. Wentoff announced the February 25, 1880 Corson and R. MacKenzie in 1940, synthesis of diamonds at General Arthur B. Lamb, who was the editor and demonstrated the existence of Electric Research Laboratories on of the Journal of the American the antiproton in 1955.
    [Show full text]
  • Cavendish the Experimental Life
    Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Klaus Thoden, Dirk Wintergrün. The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publi- cation initiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines traditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the open-access publications of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initiatives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, and at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach Studies 7 Studies 7 Communicated by Jed Z. Buchwald Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Bendix Düker, Caroline Frank, Beatrice Hermann, Beatrice Hilke Image Processing: Digitization Group of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Cover Image: Chemical Laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Note Weston Solutions, Inc
    PROJECT NOTE WESTON SOLUTIONS, INC. To: Canadian Radium & Uranium Corp. Site File Date: June 5, 2014 W.O. No.: 20405.012.013.2222.00 From: Denise Breen, Weston Solutions, Inc. Subject: Determination of Significant Lead Concentrations in Sediment Samples References 1. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments. March 1998. [45 pages] 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Emergency Response. Establishing an Observed Release – Quick Reference Fact Sheet. Federal Register, Volume 55, No. 241. September 1995. [7 pages] 3. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Division Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances. Atomic Weights of Elements: Review 2000. 2003. [120 pages] WESTON personnel collected six sediment samples (including one environmental duplicate sample) from five locations along the surface water pathway of the Canadian Radium & Uranium Corp. (CRU) site in May 2014. The sediment samples were analyzed for Target Analyte List (TAL) Metals and Stable Lead Isotopes. 1. TAL Lead Interpretation: In order to quantify the significance for Lead, Thallium and Mercury the following was performed: 1. WESTON personnel tabulated all available TAL Metal data from the May 2014 Sediment Sampling event. 2. For each analyte of concern (Lead, Thallium, and Mercury), the highest background concentration was selected and then multiplied by three. This is the criteria to find the significance of site attributable release as per Hazard Ranking System guidelines. 3. One analytical lead result (2222-SD04) of 520 mg/kg (J) was qualified with an unknown bias. In accordance with US EPA document “Using Data to Document an Observed Release and Observed Contamination”, 2222-SD03 lead concentration was adjusted by dividing by the factor value for lead of 1.44 to equal 361 mg/kg.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS (A) FOR THE YEAR 1894. A. Arc spectrum of electrolytic ,iron on the photographic, 983 (see Lockyer). B. Bakerian L ecture.—On the Relations between the Viscosity (Internal 1 riction) of Liquids and then Chemical Nature, 397 (see T iiorpe and R odger). Bessemer process, the spectroscopic phenomena and thermo-chemistry of the, 1041 IIarimo). C. Capstick (J. W.). On the Ratio of the Specific Heats of the Paraffins, and their Monohalogei.. Derivatives, 1. Carbon dioxide, on the specific heat of, at constant volume, 943 (sec ). Carbon dioxide, the specific heat of, as a function of temperatuie, ddl (mo I j . , , Crystals, an instrument of precision for producing monochromatic light of any desire. ua\e- eng », * its use in the investigation of the optical properties of, did (see it MDCCCXCIV.— A. ^ <'rystals of artificial preparations, an instrument for grinding section-plates and prisms of, 887 (see Tutton). Cubic surface, on a special form of the general equation of a, and on a diagram representing the twenty- seven lines on the surface, 37 (see Taylor). •Cables, on plane, 247 (see Scott). D. D unkeelky (S.). On the Whirling and Vibration of Shafts, 279. Dynamical theory of the electric and luminifei’ous medium, a, 719 (see Larmor). E. Eclipse of the sun, April 16, 1893, preliminary report on the results obtained with the prismatic cameras during the total, 711 (see Lockyer). Electric and luminiferous medium, a dynamical theory of the, 719 (see Larmor). Electrolytic iron, on the photographic arc spectrum of, 983 (see Lockyer). Equation of the general cubic surface, 37 (see Taylor).
    [Show full text]
  • RBRC-32 BNL-6835.4 PARITY ODD BUBBLES in HOT QCD D. KHARZEEV in This ~A~Er We Give a Pedawwicalintroduction~0 Recent Work Of
    RBRC-32 BNL-6835.4 PARITY ODD BUBBLES IN HOT QCD D. KHARZEEV RIKEN BNL Research Center, Br$ookhauenNational Laboratory, . Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA R.D. PISARSKI Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratoy, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA M.H.G. TYTGAT Seruice de Physique Th&orique, (7P 225, Uniuersitc4Libre de Bruzelles, B[ud. du !t%iomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium We consider the topological susceptibility for an SU(N) gauge theory in the limit of a large number of colors, N + m. At nonzero temperature, the behavior of the topological susceptibility depends upon the order of the reconfining phrrse transition. The meet interesting possibility is if the reconfining transition, at T = Td, is of second order. Then we argue that Witten’s relation implies that the topological suscepti~lfity vanishes in a calculable fdion at Td. Ae noted by Witten, this implies that for sufficiently light quark messes, metaetable etates which act like regions of nonzero O — parity odd bubbles — can arise at temperatures just below Td. Experimentally, parity odd bubbles have dramatic signature% the rI’ meson, and especially the q meson, become light, and are copiously produced. Further, in parity odd bubbles, processes which are normally forbidden, such as q + rr”ro, are allowed. The most direct way to detect parity violation is by measuring a parity odd global seymmetry for charged pions, which we define. 1 Introduction In this .-~a~er we give a Pedawwicalintroduction~0 recent work of ours? We I consider an SU(IV) gau”ge t~e~ry in the limit of a large number of colors, N + co, This is, of course, a familiar limit? We use the large N expansion I to investigate the behavior of the theory at nonzero temperature, especially for the topological susceptibility.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Development of Sheffield and the Growth of the Town Cl740-Cl820
    The Economic Development of Sheffield and the Growth of the Town cl740-cl820 Neville Flavell PhD The Division of Adult Continuing Education University of Sheffield February 1996 Volume One THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SHEFFIELD AND THE GROWTH OF THE TOWN cl740-c 1820 Neville Flavell February 1996 SUMMARY In the early eighteenth century Sheffield was a modest industrial town with an established reputation for cutlery and hardware. It was, however, far inland, off the main highway network and twenty miles from the nearest navigation. One might say that with those disadvantages its future looked distinctly unpromising. A century later, Sheffield was a maker of plated goods and silverware of international repute, was en route to world supremacy in steel, and had already become the world's greatest producer of cutlery and edge tools. How did it happen? Internal economies of scale vastly outweighed deficiencies. Skills, innovations and discoveries, entrepreneurs, investment, key local resources (water power, coal, wood and iron), and a rapidly growing labour force swelled largely by immigrants from the region were paramount. Each of these, together with external credit, improved transport and ever-widening markets, played a significant part in the town's metamorphosis. Economic and population growth were accompanied by a series of urban developments which first pushed outward the existing boundaries. Considerable infill of gardens and orchards followed, with further peripheral expansion overspilling into adjacent townships. New industrial, commercial and civic building, most of it within the central area, reinforced this second phase. A period of retrenchment coincided with the French and Napoleonic wars, before a renewed surge of construction restored the impetus.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Transactions (A)
    INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS (A) FOR THE YEAR 1889. A. A bney (W. de W.). Total Eclipse of the San observed at Caroline Island, on 6th May, 1883, 119. A bney (W. de W.) and T horpe (T. E.). On the Determination of the Photometric Intensity of the Coronal Light during the Solar Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 363. Alcohol, a study of the thermal properties of propyl, 137 (see R amsay and Y oung). Archer (R. H.). Observations made by Newcomb’s Method on the Visibility of Extension of the Coronal Streamers at Hog Island, Grenada, Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 382. Atomic weight of gold, revision of the, 395 (see Mallet). B. B oys (C. V.). The Radio-Micrometer, 159. B ryan (G. H.). The Waves on a Rotating Liquid Spheroid of Finite Ellipticity, 187. C. Conroy (Sir J.). Some Observations on the Amount of Light Reflected and Transmitted by Certain 'Kinds of Glass, 245. Corona, on the photographs of the, obtained at Prickly Point and Carriacou Island, total solar eclipse, August 29, 1886, 347 (see W esley). Coronal light, on the determination of the, during the solar eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 363 (see Abney and Thorpe). Coronal streamers, observations made by Newcomb’s Method on the Visibility of, Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 382 (see A rcher). Cosmogony, on the mechanical conditions of a swarm of meteorites, and on theories of, 1 (see Darwin). Currents induced in a spherical conductor by variation of an external magnetic potential, 513 (see Lamb). 520 INDEX.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbium and Tantalum
    Rediscovery of the Elements Columbium and Tantalum Figure 2. Hatchett’s coach-making business was located at 121 Long Acre III (N51° 30.76 W00° 07.52). Charles spent his youth in Belle Vue in Chelsea (owned by his father) and then repurchased the home for his final James L. Marshall, Beta Eta 1971, and years (91-92 Virginia R. Marshall, Beta Eta 2003, Cheyne Walk; N51° 28.92 W00° 10.45). Department of Chemistry, University of Charles Hatchett’s North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5070, first home after his marriage was at the Lower Mall in Hammersmith at an address today unknown; this [email protected] area was bombed in World War II and is now occupied by Furnival Gardens (N51° 29.42 W00° 13.99); this is where he discovered columbium. Also in Hammersmith may be found today at Hop Poles Inn (17-19 Charles Hatchett (1765–1847), a prosperous King Street, N51° 29.56 W00° 13.55), a favorite haunt of Charles Hatchett. In mid-life his home was London coach-builder and avocational Mount Clare (1808–1819) at Minstead Gardens, Roehampton (N51° 27.11 W00° 15.04). chemist, discovered columbium (niobium) in 1801. The following year, Anders Gufstaf Charles Hatchett 1 (Figure 2) was born at his merit his election to the Royal Society. His work Ekeberg (1767–1813), professor of chemistry at father’s carriage manufactory on Long Acre with bones and shells3b first determined the dif- the University of Uppsala, Sweden, discovered (Figure 3). Charles, being the only son, had ferent compositions of bones and teeth (mostly tantalum.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Hatchett: the Discoverer of Niobium
    Educación Química (2015) 26, 346---355 educación Química www.educacionquimica.info TO GET RID OF ITS DUST Charles Hatchett: The discoverer of niobium Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel Received 19 July 2014; accepted 25 September 2014 Available online 11 August 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract To Charles Hatchett (1765---1847), a self-educated scientist and first class analytical Bitumen; chemist, we owe the discovery of niobium, the analysis of a series of important minerals and Bones; animal substances such as shells, bones, dental enamel, a detailed study of bitumens, the Columbium; separation of an artificial tanning material from mineral and animal sources. Gold coins; All Rights Reserved © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. Lac; This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. Molybdenum; Niobium; Shells; Zoophites PALABRAS CLAVE Charles Hatchett: el descubridor del niobio Bitúmenes; Huesos; Resumen A Charles Hatchett (1765---1847), un científico autodidacta y hábil químico analítico, Columbio; le debemos el descubrimiento del niobio, el análisis de minerales importantes y de substancias animales como conchas, huesos y esmalte dental, un detallado estudio de los bitúmenes, la Monedas de oro; Lac; separación de taninos artificiales de fuentes minerales y animales, etc. Molibdeno; Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. Niobio; Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Conchas; Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Zoofitas Life and career (Barrow, 1849; Coley, 2004; Griffith et al., 2003; Walker, 1862; Weeks, 1938) E-mail address: [email protected] Charles Hatchett was born at Long Acre, London, on 2 Jan- Peer Review under the responsibility of Universidad Nacional uary 1765, the only child of John (1729---1806) and Elizabeth Autónoma de México.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    [ 229 • ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s B, FOR THE YEAR 1897 (YOL. 189). B. Bower (F. 0.). Studies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Members.— III. Marattiaceae, 35. C Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. E. Enamel, Tubular, in Marsupials and other Animals (Tomes), 107. F. Fossil Plants from Palaeozoic Rocks (Scott), 1, 83. L. Lycopodiaceae; Spencerites, a new Genus of Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. 230 INDEX. M. Marattiaceae, Fossil and Recent, Comparison of Sori of (Bower), 3 Marsupials, Tubular Enamel a Class Character of (Tomes), 107. N. Naqada Race, Variation and Correlation of Skeleton in (Warren), 135 P. Pteridophyta: Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone, &c. (Scott), 1. S. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Ro ks.—On Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone from the Lower Carboniferous Strata (Calciferous Sandstone Series), 1. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Rocks.—II. On Spencerites, a new Genus of Lycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures, founded on the Lepidodendron Spenceri of Williamson, 83. Skeleton, Human, Variation and Correlation of Parts of (Warren), 135. Sorus of JDancea, Kaulfxissia, M arattia, Angiopteris (Bower), 35. Spencerites insignis (Will.) and S. majusculus, n. sp., Lycopodiaceous Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. Sphenophylleae, Affinities with Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. Spore-producing Members, Morphology of.—III. Marattiaceae (Bower), 35. Stereum lvirsutum, Biology of; destruction of Wood by (Ward), 123. T. Tomes (Charles S.). On the Development of Marsupial and other Tubular Enamels, with Notes upon the Development of Enamels in general, 107.
    [Show full text]
  • Happy 70Th Birthday Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC
    TANTALUM-NIOBIUM INTERNATIONAL STUDY CENTER Bulletin No 179: October 2019 Happy 70th Birthday Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC Contents To join the Bulletin mailing list email [email protected] President’s Letter 2 The grave of Charles Hatchett gets renovated 20 by the T.I.C. Director’s Letter 3 Reliable supply of tantalum 4 Tantalum-niobium intellectual property update 22 Diary of forthcoming events A kilo of tantalum in my pocket 10 23 ITSCI in focus: lifting the lid on finances 12 Member company and T.I.C. updates 23 The Executive Committee 2018-2019 Technology research on preparation of new type 13 23 texture© T.I.C. tantalum2019 blank T.I.C. Bulletin No 179: OctoberEkeberg 2019 Prize: Winner 2019 24 1 ISSN 1019-2026 President’s Letter Dear Fellow Members, As the Executive Committee, staff, and subteams work on the final phase of preparation for the 60th General Assembly (GA60), the market and regulatory supply chain landscape has been refreshingly boring. Needless to say, it would have been most welcome if the news reports about the activities in Hong Kong were as dreary as is our market. While Hong Kong may still be in the press at the time of GA60, I doubt there will be any impact on our conference. Hong Kong, where I am located now, is safe, functional, and transport is operational and proficient. I predict an enjoyable place to serve as host of our conference in October. I have had the good fortune this quarter to visit a few of our important processor members.
    [Show full text]