DOCSLIB.ORG

Back Matter (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Back Matter (PDF) INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS (A) FOR THE YEAR 1894. A. Arc spectrum of electrolytic ,iron on the photographic, 983 (see Lockyer). B. Bakerian L ecture.—On the Relations between the Viscosity (Internal 1 riction) of Liquids and then Chemical Nature, 397 (see T iiorpe and R odger). Bessemer process, the spectroscopic phenomena and thermo-chemistry of the, 1041 IIarimo). C. Capstick (J. W.). On the Ratio of the Specific Heats of the Paraffins, and their Monohalogei.. Derivatives, 1. Carbon dioxide, on the specific heat of, at constant volume, 943 (sec ). Carbon dioxide, the specific heat of, as a function of temperatuie, ddl (mo I j . , , Crystals, an instrument of precision for producing monochromatic light of any desire. ua\e- eng », * its use in the investigation of the optical properties of, did (see it MDCCCXCIV.— A. ^ <'rystals of artificial preparations, an instrument for grinding section-plates and prisms of, 887 (see Tutton). Cubic surface, on a special form of the general equation of a, and on a diagram representing the twenty- seven lines on the surface, 37 (see Taylor). •Cables, on plane, 247 (see Scott). D. D unkeelky (S.). On the Whirling and Vibration of Shafts, 279. Dynamical theory of the electric and luminifei’ous medium, a, 719 (see Larmor). E. Eclipse of the sun, April 16, 1893, preliminary report on the results obtained with the prismatic cameras during the total, 711 (see Lockyer). Electric and luminiferous medium, a dynamical theory of the, 719 (see Larmor). Electrolytic iron, on the photographic arc spectrum of, 983 (see Lockyer). Equation of the general cubic surface, 37 (see Taylor). Evolution, contributions to the mathematical theory of, 71 (see P earson). F. Flame spectra at high temperatures.—Part I. Oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe spectra, 161.—Part II. The spectrum of metallic manganese, of alloys of manganese, and of compounds containing that element, 1029.— Part III. The spectroscopic phenomena and thermo-chemistry of the Bessemer process, 1041 (see H artley). Gases, on the specific heats of, at constant volume.—Part II. Carbon dioxide, 943.—Part III. The specific heat of carbon dioxide as a function of temperature, 961 (see J oly). Generating functions in the theory of num bers, a certain class of, III (see MacMahon). Gray (P. L.) (see Wilson and Gray). Grinding section-plates and prisms ofcrystals of artificial preparations accurately in the desired directions, an instrument for, 887 (see Tutton). H. H artley (W. N.). Flame Spectra at High Temperatures.—Part I. Oxy-hydrogen Blow-pipe Spectra, 161.—Part II. The Spectrum of Metallic Manganese, of Alloys of Manganese, and of Compounds containing that Element, 1029.—Part III. The Spectroscopic Phenomena and Thermo-Chemistry of the Bessemer Process, 1041. - H ill (J. M.). On a Spherical Vortex, 213. [ xi ] I. Instrument for grinding section plates and prisms of crystals of artificial preparations accurately in the desired directions, an, 887 (see Tutton). Instrument of precision for producing monochromatic light of any desired wave-length, and its use in the investigation of the optical properties of crystals, 913 (see Tutton). Iron, on the photographic arc spectrum of electrolytic, 983 (see Lockyer). Iron meteorites, on the photographic arc spectrum of, 1023 (see Lockyer). J. J oly (J.). On the Specific Heats of Gases at Constant Volume.—Part II. Carbon Dioxide, 943.— Part III. The Specific Heat of Carbon Dioxide as a Function of Temperature, 961. L. Larmor (J-). A Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Luminiferous Medium, 719. Light, on the reflection aud refraction of, 823 (see Schott). Light of any desired wave-length, an instrument of precision for producing monochromatic, 913 (see Tutton). Liquids, on the relations between the viscosity (internal friction) of, and their chemical nature. B akerian Lecture, 397 (see Thorpe and Rodger). Lockyer (J. N.). On the Photographic Arc Spectrum of Electrolytic: Iron, 983. Lockyer (J. N.). On the Photographic Arc Spectrum of Iron Meteorites, 1023. Lockyer (J. X.). Preliminary Report on the Results obtained with the Prismatic Cameras during the Total Eclipse of the Sun, April 16, 1893, 711. M. MacMahon (P. A.). A Certain Class of Generating Functions in the Theory of Numbers, 111. Mathematical theory of evolution, contributions to the, 71 (see P earson). Meteorites, on the photographic arc spectrum of iron, 1023 (see Lockyer). N. Numbers, a certain class of generating functions in the theoiy cf, 111 (see MacMaiton). O. Oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe spectra, DU (see H artley). P. Paraffins, on the ratio of the specific heats of the, and their monolialogcn dei i\ati\cs. 1 (sec C P earson (K.). Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution, 1. Plane cubics, on, 247 (see Scott). [ xii ] R, Reflection and refraction of onlight, the, 823 (see S ciiott; . R odger (J. W.) (see Thorpe and Rodger). S. S chott (G. A.). On the Reflection and Refraction of Light, 823. S cott (C harlotte A.). On Plane Cubics, 247. Shafts, on the whirling and vibration of, 279 (see D unkerley). Specific heats of the paraffins, and their monohalogen derivatives, on the ratio of the, l (see Capstick). Spectra, flame, at high temperatures.—Part T. Oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe spectra, 161 (see H artley). Spectroscopic phenomena and thermo-chemistry of the Bessemer process, the, 1041 (see H artley). Spectrum, arc, of electrolytic iron, on the photographic, 983 (see Lockyer). Spectrum, arc, of iron meteorites, on the photographic, 1023 (see Lockyer). Spectrum of metallic manganese, of alloys of manganese, and of compounds containing that element, ther 1029 (see H artley). Spherical vortex, on a, 213 (see H ill). Sun, experimental investigations on the effective temperature of the, made at Daramona, Streete, Co, Westmeath, 361 (see W ilson and Gray). Sun,preliminary report on the results obtained with the prismatic cameras during the total eclipse of the, April 16, 1893, 711 (see Lockyer). T. Taylor (H. M.). On a Special Form of the General Equation of a Cubic Surface and on a Diagram Representing the Twenty-seven Lines on the Surface, 37. Thermo-chemistry of the Bessemer process, the, 1041 (see H artley). Thorpe (T. E.) and R odger (J. YV.). On the Relations between the Viscosity (Internal Friction) of Liquids and their Chemical Nature.—B akerian Lecture, 397. TUTTON (A. E.). An Instrument for Grinding Section-plates and Prisms of Crystals of Artificial Preparations accurately in the Desired Directions, 887. Ti'TTON (A. E.). An Instrument of Precision for Producing Monochromatic Light of any desired Wave-length, and its Use in the Investigation of the Optical Properties of Crystals, 913. V. I iscosity(internal )friction of liquids, and their chemical nature, on the relations between the.— Bakerian Lecture, 397 (see Thorpe and Rodger). W. 11 hiding and vibration of shafts, on the, 279 (see Dunkerley). W ilson (W. E.) and Gray (P. L ). Experimental Investigations on the Effective Temperature of the Sun, made at Daramona, Streete, Co. Westmeath, 361. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S LANE, LONDON, W.C. THE ROYAL SOCIETY. 30th N ovember, 1894. THE ROYAL SOCIETY. Nov. 80,1894. H er Sacred Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA, P atron. Date of Election. 1863. Feb. 32. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G. 1882. Mar. 16. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G. 1893. June 8. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK, K.G. THE COUNCIL THE ROYAL SOCIETY. - + O Q O - — THE LORD KELVIN, D.C.L., LL.D.—P resident. SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L, LL.D._ PROF. ALEXANDER HENRY GREEN, M.A. Treasurer and V ice-P resident. SIR JOHN KIRK, K.C.B.—V ice-President. PROF. MICHAEL FOSTER, M.A., M.D.— PROF. HORACE LAMB, M.A. S ecretary. PROF. EDWIN RAY LANKESTER, M.A. THE LORD RAYLEIGH, M.A., D.C.L.—S ucre- PROF. ALEXANDER MACALISTER, M.D. TARY. PROF. JOHN HENRY POYNTING, D.Sc. SIR JOSEPH LISTER, B art., F.R.C.S.—F oreign PROF. ARTHUR WILLIAM RUCKER, M.A. S ecretary. OSBERT SALVIN, M.A. ANDREW AINS.LIE COMMON, LL.D. PROF. J. S. BURDON SANDERSON, M.D., LL.D. WILLIAM CROOKES, F.C.S. —V ice-P reside nt. FRANCIS DARWIN, M.A. PROF. THOMAS EDWARD THORPE, Sc.D.— ANDREW RUSSELL FORSYTH, Sc.D. V ice-P resident. SIR DOUGLAS GALTON, K.C.B. WILLIAM HENRY WHITE, C.B. *** This Council will continue till November 30, 1895. Assistant-Secretary and Librarian. HERBERT RIX, B.A. Cleric. Assistant Librarian. THEODORE E. JAMES. A. HASTINGS WHITE. Office and Library Assistant. RICHARD CHAPMAN. Omissions having occasionally occurred in the Annual List of Deceased Fellows, as announced from the Chair at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society, it is requested that any information on that subject, as also Notice of Changes of Residence, he addressed to the Assistant Secretary. FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY. NOVEMBER 30, 1894. (C) prefixed to a name indicates the award of the Copley Medal. (R) (Rm) • • • • • • Royal Medal. • • • • • • Rumford Medal. (D) • • • • • • Davy Medal. (Dw.) . •• •• •• Darwin Medal, (t) is liable to an annual payment of £4. (#) .................................................... Date of Election. 1860. June 7. E. |f Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus, Bart., K.C.B. D.C.L. (Oxon.) D.Sc. (Camb.) V.P.C.S. V.P.S. Arts. Hon. Mem. Inst. C.E., Inst. M.E., Old. Imp. Bras. Rosae Eq. Hon. Mem. Deutsck. Cliem. Gesell., Mem. Soc. d’Encourag. Paris, Sec. and Director of the Imperial Institute. 40 S.W.; and Imperial Institute, Imperial Institute-road, S.W. 1876. Jan. 20. t Abeidare, Henry Austin Bruce, Lord. G.C.B. F.R.G.S. Mountain Ash, South Wales. 1876. June 1. Rm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) [1]
    Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) [1] By: Parker, Sara Keywords: cells [2] Matthias Jacob Schleiden helped develop the cell theory in Germany during the nineteenth century. Schleiden studied cells as the common element among all plants and animals. Schleiden contributed to the field of embryology [3] through his introduction of the Zeiss [4] microscope [5] lens and via his work with cells and cell theory as an organizing principle of biology. Schleiden was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies at the University of Heidelberg [6] in Heidelberg, Germany, and he graduated in 1827. He established a legal practice in Hamburg, but after a period of emotional depression and an attempted suicide, he changed professions. He studied natural science at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the University of Berlin [7] in Berlin, Germany, in 1835 to study plants. Johann Horkel, Schleiden's uncle, encouraged him to study plant embryology [3]. In Berlin, Schleiden worked in the laboratory of zoologistJ ohannes Müller [8], where he met Theodor Schwann. Both Schleiden and Schwann studied cell theory and phytogenesis, the origin and developmental history of plants. They aimed to find a unit of organisms common to the animal and plant kingdoms. They began a collaboration, and later scientists often called Schleiden and Schwann the founders of cell theory. In 1838, Schleiden published "Beiträge zur Phytogenesis" (Contributions to Our Knowledge of Phytogenesis). The article outlined his theories of the roles cells played as plants developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Catholic Christian Christian
    Religious Scientists (From the Vatican Observatory Website) https://www.vofoundation.org/faith-and-science/religious-scientists/ Many scientists are religious people—men and women of faith—believers in God. This section features some of the religious scientists who appear in different entries on these Faith and Science pages. Some of these scientists are well-known, others less so. Many are Catholic, many are not. Most are Christian, but some are not. Some of these scientists of faith have lived saintly lives. Many scientists who are faith-full tend to describe science as an effort to understand the works of God and thus to grow closer to God. Quite a few describe their work in science almost as a duty they have to seek to improve the lives of their fellow human beings through greater understanding of the world around them. But the people featured here are featured because they are scientists, not because they are saints (even when they are, in fact, saints). Scientists tend to be creative, independent-minded and confident of their ideas. We also maintain a longer listing of scientists of faith who may or may not be discussed on these Faith and Science pages—click here for that listing. Agnesi, Maria Gaetana (1718-1799) Catholic Christian A child prodigy who obtained education and acclaim for her abilities in math and physics, as well as support from Pope Benedict XIV, Agnesi would write an early calculus textbook. She later abandoned her work in mathematics and physics and chose a life of service to those in need. Click here for Vatican Observatory Faith and Science entries about Maria Gaetana Agnesi.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Transactions, »
    INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, » S e r ie s A, FOR THE YEAR 1898 (VOL. 191). A. Absorption, Change of, produced by Fluorescence (B urke), 87. Aneroid Barometers, Experiments on.—Elastic After-effect; Secular Change; Influence of Temperature (Chree), 441. B. Bolometer, Surface, Construction of (Petavel), 501. Brilliancy, Intrinsic, Law of Variation of, with Temperature (Petavel), 501. Burke (John). On the Change of Absorption produced by Fluorescence, 87. C. Chree (C.). Experiments on Aneroid Barometers at Kew Observatory, and their Discussion, 441. Correlation and Variation, Influence of Random Selection on (Pearson and Filon), 229. Crystals, Thermal Expansion Coefficients, by an Interference Method (Tutton), 313. D. Differential Equations of the Second Order, &c., Memoir on the Integration of; Characteristic Invariant of (Forsyth), 1. 526 INDEX. E. Electric Filters, Testing Efficiency of; Dielectrifying Power of (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electricity, Diffusion of, from Carbonic Acid Gas to Air; Communication of, from Electrified Steam to Air (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrification of Air by Water Jet, Electrified Needle Points, Electrified Flame, &c., at Different Air-pressures; at Different Electrifying Potentials; Loss of Electrification (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrolytic Cells, Construction and Calibration of (Veley and Manley), 365. Emissivity of Platinum in Air and other Gases (Petavel), 501. Equations, Laplace's and other, Some New Solutions of, in Mathematical Physics (Forsyth), 1. Evolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory o f; Influence of Random Selection on the Differentiation of Local Races (Pearson and Filon), 229. F. Filon (L. N. G.) and Pearson (Karl). Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution.—IV. On the Probable Errors of Frequency Constants and on the Influence of Random Selection on Variation and Correlation, 229.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Attractions: Early Applications of Electricity to the Art of Healing
    19 Therapeutic Attractions: Early Applications of Electricity to the Art of Healing Paola Bertucci Spectacular Treatments In the past few decades a number of studies dealing with eighteenth-century natural philosophy in It is commonly held that it was the invention of England have pointed out its inextricable links with the Leyden jar, in the mid-1740s, that triggered spectacle and public display. The commodification of wide interest in the new science of electricity cultural products, which was one of the main features (Hackmann, 1978; Heilbron, 1979). However, it is of the Enlightenment, extended to science and scien- difficult to make causal connections among the tific instruments, textbooks, and demonstrations, as events that in the span of a few years made elec- well as to medicine. Pivotal works by Roy Porter have trical science the craze of the century. The Leyden indelibly portrayed the vibrant marketplace in which jar became widely known in 1746, the same year medical practitioners operated. Even when they had a in which most electricians began to investigate formal degree, “regular” healers had to compete both systematically the healing properties of the with “irregulars” and with a widespread culture of electric matter. The possibility that electrical self-treatment (Porter, 1985, 1990, 1995; Porter & machines, generally employed for entertaining Porter, 1989; Schaffer, 1983; Stewart, 1992). In paying crowds with amusing demonstrations, such competitive arena recently invented therapies could also provide new ways of curing long stand- attracted the attention of both patients and practitioners. ing diseases began to be discussed around 1744, From the 1740s onward, “medical electricity” was mostly in Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindsight, Tradition, and National Styles in the Prehistory of the Leyden
    Manuscript version: Published Version The version presented in WRAP is the published version (Version of Record). Persistent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/115283 How to cite: The repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing citation guidance from the publisher. Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher’s statement: Please refer to the repository item page, publisher’s statement section, for further information. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Hindsight, Tradition, and National Styles FOCUS in the Prehistory of the Leyden Jar Michael Bycroft, University of Warwick Abstract: The Leyden jar surprised natural philosophers when it was invented in 1746 because it showed the paradoxical behavior of glass. But similar experiments had been done before, such as those by the Frenchman Charles Dufay.
    [Show full text]
  • BC2 FRONT COVER REV4.Indd
    The Historical Development and Significance of the Haber Bosch Process By David E. Kissel A review of key scientific discoveries in the mid 1800s on the role of N in crop production, and the later research in the early 20th century of scientists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch that made N fertilizer production possible. Dr. Kissel draws from several sources for this historical assessment that links N supply with social change and security—especially from the book by Vaclav Smil entitled “Enriching the Earth” as well as “The Alchemy of Air” by Thomas Hager. oday we in agriculture take for granted the importance of the production and ready availability of N fertilizer. But Taround 175 years ago, a group of scientists in Europe were involved in a scientifi c debate over how important am- monium and nitrate forms of N were for the growth of plants, and whether N fertilizers were needed at all. By 1836, the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Boussingault had summarized fi eld experiments on manuring, crop rotation, and sources of N. He concluded that N was a major component of plants. An important question in 1840 was whether plants could get all of the N they needed from the soil and from the air. The great German chemist Justus von Liebig had concluded that soil and atmospheric ammonia supplied enough N for the needs of crops, but this conclusion was wrong. Scientists at the time who found the right answer to these questions were John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert, who showed clearly at Rothamsted, England that addition of N fertilizers greatly nations were going to feed themselves in the coming 20th increased yields of wheat.
    [Show full text]
  • Statutes and Rules for the British Museum
    (ft .-3, (*y Of A 8RI A- \ Natural History Museum Library STATUTES AND RULES BRITISH MUSEUM STATUTES AND RULES FOR THE BRITISH MUSEUM MADE BY THE TRUSTEES In Pursuance of the Act of Incorporation 26 George II., Cap. 22, § xv. r 10th Decembei , 1898. PRINTED BY ORDER OE THE TRUSTEES LONDON : MDCCCXCYIII. PRINTED BY WOODFALL AND KINDER, LONG ACRE LONDON TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. PAGE Meetings, Functions, and Privileges of the Trustees . 7 CHAPTER II. The Director and Principal Librarian . .10 Duties as Secretary and Accountant . .12 The Director of the Natural History Departments . 14 CHAPTER III. Subordinate Officers : Keepers and Assistant Keepers 15 Superintendent of the Reading Room . .17 Assistants . 17 Chief Messengers . .18 Attendance of Officers at Meetings, etc. -19 CHAPTER IV. Admission to the British Museum : Reading Room 20 Use of the Collections 21 6 CHAPTER V, Security of the Museum : Precautions against Fire, etc. APPENDIX. Succession of Trustees and Officers . Succession of Officers in Departments 7 STATUTES AND RULES. CHAPTER I. Of the Meetings, Functions, and Privileges of the Trustees. 1. General Meetings of the Trustees shall chap. r. be held four times in the year ; on the second Meetings. Saturday in May and December at the Museum (Bloomsbury) and on the fourth Saturday in February and July at the Museum (Natural History). 2. Special General Meetings shall be sum- moned by the Director and Principal Librarian (hereinafter called the Director), upon receiving notice in writing to that effect signed by two Trustees. 3. There shall be a Standing Committee, standing . • Committee. r 1 1 t-» • 1 t> 1 consisting 01 the three Principal 1 rustees, the Trustee appointed by the Crown, and sixteen other Trustees to be annually appointed at the General Meeting held on the second Saturday in May.
    [Show full text]
  • Cavendish the Experimental Life
    Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Klaus Thoden, Dirk Wintergrün. The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publi- cation initiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines traditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the open-access publications of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initiatives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, and at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach Studies 7 Studies 7 Communicated by Jed Z. Buchwald Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Bendix Düker, Caroline Frank, Beatrice Hermann, Beatrice Hilke Image Processing: Digitization Group of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Cover Image: Chemical Laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Innovation in Plant Nutrition in a Historical Continuum from Ancient Greece and Rome Until Modern Times
    DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2016-0002 CHEM DIDACT ECOL METROL. 2016;21(1-2):29-43 Jacek ANTONKIEWICZ 1* and Jan ŁAB ĘTOWICZ 2 CHEMICAL INNOVATION IN PLANT NUTRITION IN A HISTORICAL CONTINUUM FROM ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME UNTIL MODERN TIMES INNOWACJE CHEMICZNE W OD ŻYWIANIU RO ŚLIN OD STARO ŻYTNEJ GRECJI I RZYMU PO CZASY NAJNOWSZE Abstract: This monograph aims to present how arduously views on plant nutrition shaped over centuries and how the foundation of environmental knowledge concerning these issues was created. This publication also presents current problems and trends in studies concerning plant nutrition, showing their new dimension. This new dimension is determined, on one hand, by the need to feed the world population increasing in geometric progression, and on the other hand by growing environmental problems connected with intensification of agricultural production. Keywords: chemical innovations, plant nutrition Introduction Plant nutrition has been of great interest since time immemorial, at first among philosophers, and later among researchers. The history of environmental discoveries concerning the way plants feed is full of misconceptions and incorrect theories. Learning about the multi-generational effort to find an explanation for this process that is fundamental for agriculture shows us the tenacity and ingenuity of many outstanding personalities and scientists of that time. It also allows for general reflection which shows that present-day knowledge (which often seems obvious and simple) is the fruit of a great collective effort of science. Antiquity Already in ancient Greece people were interested in life processes of plants, the way they feed, and in the conditions that facilitate or inhibit their growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Institute of Chemistry Great Brit~In and Ireland
    View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue I THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRIT~INAND IRELAND. FOUNDED 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885. PART I, 1902. REPORT OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, 1901-1902. BALANCE SHEET FOR 1901. REPORTS ON THE OCTOBER AND JANUARY EXAMINATIONS. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. THE LIBRARY. GENERAL NOTICES. ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT: Professor JOHN MILLAR THOMSON, LLD., F.R.S. Issued under the supervision of the Proceedings Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER, Regss fvav aizd Secvetnvy. 30, BLOOMSRURYSQUARE, LONDON, W.C., April, 1902. n View Article Online 3Jnnboit : A. P. BLUNDELL,TAYLOR & Co., Printers, 173, Upper Thames Stieet, E.C. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. View Article Online 3 CONTENTS. LISTOF OFFICERSAND COUNCIL ... ... ... 4-5 DATESOF COUNCILMEETINGS ... ... ... ... 5 COMMITTEES ... 1.. ... ... ... ... 6 REPORTOF THE ANNUALGENERAL MEETING ... 7 REPORTOF COUNCIL(1901-2) ... ... ... ... 9 BALANCESHEET FOR 1901 ... *.. ... ... 20-21 Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. REPORTSOF THE EXAMINERS... ... ... .*. 22 THELIBRARY ... *.. *.. ... ... 1.. 39 ALTERATIONSIN THE REGISTER ... ... .I. 42 GEXERALNOTICES ... ... ... (I.. ... 45 THEPRESIDENT'S ADDRESS ... ... 1.. ... 49 a2 View Article Online 4 LIST OF OFFICERS AND COUNCIL For the Year ending March Znd, 1903, PRESIDENT: JOHN MILLAR THOMSON, LL.D., F.R S. VICE-PRESIDENTS : WALTER ERNEST ADENEY, D.Sc. GEORGE BEILBY. FRANK CLOWES, D.Sc. FItAKCIS ROBERT JAPP, LT1.D.. F.R S.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Atomism and Cell Theory
    Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41 (2010) 202–211 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsc Biological atomism and cell theory Daniel J. Nicholson ESRC Research Centre for Genomics in Society (Egenis), University of Exeter, Byrne House, St. Germans Road, Exeter EX4 4PJ, UK article info abstract Keywords: Biological atomism postulates that all life is composed of elementary and indivisible vital units. The activ- Biological atomism ity of a living organism is thus conceived as the result of the activities and interactions of its elementary Cell theory constituents, each of which individually already exhibits all the attributes proper to life. This paper sur- Organismal theory veys some of the key episodes in the history of biological atomism, and situates cell theory within this Reductionism tradition. The atomistic foundations of cell theory are subsequently dissected and discussed, together with the theory’s conceptual development and eventual consolidation. This paper then examines the major criticisms that have been waged against cell theory, and argues that these too can be interpreted through the prism of biological atomism as attempts to relocate the true biological atom away from the cell to a level of organization above or below it. Overall, biological atomism provides a useful perspective through which to examine the history and philosophy of cell theory, and it also opens up a new way of thinking about the epistemic decomposition of living organisms that significantly departs from the phys- icochemical reductionism of mechanistic biology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Development of Sheffield and the Growth of the Town Cl740-Cl820
    The Economic Development of Sheffield and the Growth of the Town cl740-cl820 Neville Flavell PhD The Division of Adult Continuing Education University of Sheffield February 1996 Volume One THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SHEFFIELD AND THE GROWTH OF THE TOWN cl740-c 1820 Neville Flavell February 1996 SUMMARY In the early eighteenth century Sheffield was a modest industrial town with an established reputation for cutlery and hardware. It was, however, far inland, off the main highway network and twenty miles from the nearest navigation. One might say that with those disadvantages its future looked distinctly unpromising. A century later, Sheffield was a maker of plated goods and silverware of international repute, was en route to world supremacy in steel, and had already become the world's greatest producer of cutlery and edge tools. How did it happen? Internal economies of scale vastly outweighed deficiencies. Skills, innovations and discoveries, entrepreneurs, investment, key local resources (water power, coal, wood and iron), and a rapidly growing labour force swelled largely by immigrants from the region were paramount. Each of these, together with external credit, improved transport and ever-widening markets, played a significant part in the town's metamorphosis. Economic and population growth were accompanied by a series of urban developments which first pushed outward the existing boundaries. Considerable infill of gardens and orchards followed, with further peripheral expansion overspilling into adjacent townships. New industrial, commercial and civic building, most of it within the central area, reinforced this second phase. A period of retrenchment coincided with the French and Napoleonic wars, before a renewed surge of construction restored the impetus.
    [Show full text]