Institute of Chemistry Great Brit~In and Ireland

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THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY

OF GREAT BRIT~INAND IRELAND.

FOUNDED 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885.

PART I, 1902. REPORT OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, 1901-1902. BALANCE SHEET FOR 1901. REPORTS ON THE OCTOBER AND JANUARY EXAMINATIONS.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. THE LIBRARY. GENERAL NOTICES. ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT: Professor JOHN MILLAR THOMSON, LLD., F.R.S.

Issued under the supervision of the Proceedings Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER, Regss fvav aizd Secvetnvy. 30, BLOOMSRURYSQUARE, LONDON, W.C., April, 1902. n View Article Online

3Jnnboit : A. P. BLUNDELL,TAYLOR & Co., Printers, 173, Upper Thames Stieet, E.C. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. View Article Online

CONTENTS.

LISTOF OFFICERSAND COUNCIL ...... 4-5

DATESOF COUNCILMEETINGS ...... 5

COMMITTEES ... 1...... 6

REPORTOF THE ANNUALGENERAL MEETING ... 7

REPORTOF COUNCIL(1901-2) ...... 9

BALANCESHEET FOR 1901 ... *...... 20-21 Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. REPORTSOF THE EXAMINERS...... *. 22

THELIBRARY ... *.. *...... 1.. 39

ALTERATIONSIN THE REGISTER ...... I. 42

GEXERALNOTICES ...... (I.. ... 45

THEPRESIDENT'S ADDRESS ...... 1.. ... 49 a2 View Article Online

LIST OF OFFICERS AND COUNCIL For the Year ending March Znd, 1903,

PRESIDENT: JOHN MILLAR THOMSON, LL.D., F.R S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS : WALTER ERNEST ADENEY, D.Sc. GEORGE BEILBY. FRANK CLOWES, D.Sc. FItAKCIS ROBERT JAPP, LT1.D.. F.R S. ALFRED GORDOS SALAMON, Assoc. R.S.31. THOMAS STEVENSON, M.D., F.R.C.P.

HON. TREASURER : DAVID HOWARD. MEMBERS OF COUNCIL: LEONARD ARCHBUTT. EDWABD JOHN BEVAN. HORACE T. BHOIW, LL.D., F.R.S. JAMES CAMERON. CHARLES EDq’ARD CASSAL. FREDERICK DANIEL CI-IATTAWAY, M.A., D.Sc. EDWY GODWIN CLAYTON. JAMES KEAR COLTVELL. CECIL HOWARD CRIBB, B.Sc. WILLIAM JOSEPII DIBDI?;. THOMAS FAIHLET. PERCY FARADAY FRANKLAND, Ph.D., F.R.S.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. ALFRED JOHK GREESXTVAY. HENRY TVILSO?; HAKE, Ph.D. WALTER KOEL HARTLET, I).&., F.R.S. JOHN JAMES HUMRIEL. EDWARD WILLIAM TAYLOR JONES. GEOHGE LEWIS. JVLIUS LETVKOTTITSCH, M.A., 1’h.D. JVlLLIAM IVISOH AIACdDAfiI. FREDERIC JAMES MOXTAGX-E PAGE, B.Sc., Assoc. R.S.RI. TT71LLIAISl HEKRT PERKIK-, Jus., Ph.D., F.li S. PERCY ANDREW ELLIS RICHARDS. HENRY LLOYD SXAPE, D.Sc JOSEPH WILSON SWAK, F.R.S. LEO TAYLOR. JOHN AUGUSTUS T’OELCKER, M.A., P1i.D. View Article Online

CENSORS : THE PRESIDENT, ex-oficio. OTTO HEHNER. WILLIAM JAMES RUSSELL, Ph.D., F.R.S. THOMAS STEVENSON, N.D., F.R.C.P. WILLIAX AUGUSTUS TILDEN, D.Sc., F.R.S.

HON. AUDITORS: ALFRED CHASTON CHAPNAN. HORBI'IO BALLANTYNE. ARTHUR BOBERT LING.

REGISTRAR AND SECRETARY: RICHABD BERTRAM PILCHER.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY: STANLEY EILNEST CARR.

DATES OF COUNCIL MEETINGS: The/Council will meet at the Officesof the Institute, at 4.30 p.m. on the following Friday afternoons :-

AprilkSSth, May 30th, June 20th, October 31st, November 28th, and

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. December 19th, 1902 ; and January 23rd, and February 27th, 1903.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING: MONDAY, March Zncl, 1903.

NoTE.-~embers desiring to bring matters before any meeting of the Council are requested to communicate the same to the Secretary not less than ten days prior to the date fixed for meeting. View Article Online

G COMMITTEES 1902-1903.

FINANCE COMMITTEE:

THE PRESIDENT, WITH MESSRS. J. CALSIEKON, E. G. CLAYTON, J. KEAR COLWELL, CECIL H. CRIBB, H. WILSON HAKE, DAVID HOWARD,* AND PERCT A. E. RICHARDS.

HOUSE COMMITTEE:

THEPRESIDENT, WITH MESSRS.EDWARD J. BEVAN, FRANK CLOWES, PERCY F. FRANKLAKD, DAVID HOWARD, AND RICHARD J. FRISTVELL. *

LIBRARY COMMITTEE:

THE PRESIDENT, WITH MESS~S.FRASK CLOWES, P. F. FRAR’KLAKD, OTTO HEHNER, A. GORDON SALAhfON,* THOMAS STEVENSOK, J. WILSON SWAPU’, AND THE EXAbfINERS.

NOMINATIONS AND EXAMINATIONS COMMITTEE:

TEE PRESIDENT,* WITH MESSRS. WALTER E. ADEKEY, GEORGE BEILBP, E. J. BEVAN, H. T. BROWN, CHARLES E. CASSAL, FREDERICK D CHATTAWAT, FRANK CLOWES, J. KEAR

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. COLWELL, CECIL H. CRIBB, WILLIAM J. DIBDIN, T. FAIRLEY, PERCY F. FRANKLAND, A. J. GREENAWAP, JOHN J. HCMMEL‘ F. R. JAPP, G. LEWIN, W. IVISOS MACADAM, F. J. M. PAGE, WILLIAM H. PERKIN, Jm., THOMAS STEVEN80K, ASD JOHN A. VOELCKER.

PROCEEDINGS COMMITTEE:

THE PRESIDEST, WITH hIESSRS. CHARLES E. CASSAL, F. D. CHATTAWAP,* C. H. CRIBB, A. J. GREEKATVAY, DAVID HOWARD, JULIUS LEWKOWITSCH, AND J. A. VOELCKER. View Article Online

Report of the Annual General Meeting of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland (incorporated by Royal Charter) Monday, March 3rd, 1902.

HE Twenty-fourth-: Annual General Meeting of the T Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland was held at 30, Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C., on Monday, the Third day of March, 1902, at 5 p.m., Professor John Millar Thomson, President, in the Chair.

Present : 46 Fellows and 5 Associates.

The Minutes of the Twenty-third Annual General Meeting having been read and confirmed, the Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year 1901 was submitted, together with the Report of the Auditors, and it was moved by Mr. David Howard, seconded by Dr. Frank Clowes, and resolved :-“ That the Financial Statement for the year 1901,

and the Report of the Auditors, be received and adopted; ” also, “That the thanks of the Institute be accorded to Messrs. Parry, Chapman and Ballantyne, for their services as Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Auditors during the past year.” Mr. Alfred C. Chapman responded for the Auditors.

The Report of the Council (p. 9) having been taken as read, it was moved by Dr. W. J. Russell, seconded by Dr. Bernard Dyer, and resolved:-“That the Report of the Council for the year 1901-1902be received and adopted.”

The Scrutineers for examining the voting papers in the election of Officers and Members of Couoci were then * Sixteenth since incorporation by Royal Charter. View Article Online

nominated: Mr. Edward Russell being appointed by the President, and Dr. L. T. Thorne by the Meeting.

The ballot for the four Censors having been taken, the following Fellows were declared elected :-&Ir. 0 tto Hehner, Dr. W. J. Russell, Dr. Thomas Stevenson, and Professor William A. Tilden.

The Meeting then proceeded to appoint Auditors. On the motion of Dr. Thomas Stevenson, seconded by Mr. John Spiller, Messrs A. C. Chapman and Horatio Ballantyne were re-elected. On the motion of Mr. Otto Hehner, seconded by Mr. E. Grant Hooper, Mr. A. K. Ling was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Mr. E. J. Parry.

Professor John Millar Thomson, the President, having delivered his Address (see p. 49), it was moved by Professor William A. Tilden, seconded by Mr. R. J. Friswell :-“ That the best thanks of the Meeting be accorded to the President for his Address, and that he be requested to allow the same to be published in the Proceedings of the Institute.” l‘he motion was put to the Meeting by Professor Tilden and unanimously carried.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. The President having replied, the Report of the Scrutineers was submitted, and the Officers and Members of Council for the year 1902-1903were declared duly elected. (See PP* 4-51. On the motion of Professor Edward Divers, seconded by Mr. R. Forbes Carpenter, a vote of thanks was unanimously accorded to the Officers and Members of Council of the past year for their services.

The Treasurer having replied, the Meeting was dissolved. View Article Online

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

At this, the Twenty-fourth Annual General Meeting of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, the Council present to the Members their Report on the proceedings of the Institute during the year ending 3rd March, 1902.

THE ROLL OF THE IKSTITUTE. On March Ist, 1901, the date of the last Annual General Meeting, the Institute of Chemistry numbered 876 Fellows, 132 Associates, and Students.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. 118 During the year 42 new Fellows (26 of whom were formerly Associates) ; 40 new Associates (19 of whom were formerly Students) ; and 38 new Students have been admitted. The Council regret to report that the Institute has lost 6 Fellows by death, viz,:-Mr. Norman Leonard, Mr. Frederick William McKillop, Dr. George Harris Morris, Dr. William Sedgwick Saunders, Mr. Louis Siebold, and Mr. Alfred Hutchinson Smee. The resignations of I Fellow, z Associates, and 6 Students have been tendered and accepted. The Registrar “3 View Article Online

has also been directed to remove the names of 7 Fellows, 4 Associates, and 4 Students from the Register for non-com- pliance with Bye-Law 65. At the present time, there are on the Register go4 Fellows, 140 Associates, and 127 Students. The Institute has therefore increased by 36 Members, and g Students,

THE WORK OF THE COUNCIL.

The Council have met 12 times, and there have been 34 Meetings of the various Committees. In view of the large amount of business to be dealt with, the President was relieved of the arduous duty of presiding at the Meetings of every Committee, and a special Chairman was appointed to preside over each. The Chairmen of the various Committees during the year have been as follows :-The Finance Com- mittee : The Treasurer ; The House Committee : Rlr. R. J. Friswell ; The Library Committee : Mr. A. Gordon Salamon ; The Nominations and Examinations Committee : The Presi- dent ; The Proceedings Committee : Mr. Bennett H. Brough.

EXAMINATIONS. From 2nd to 13th July, 1901, Intermediate and Final Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Examinations were held in the Laboratories of the Institute. An Examination was also held in the Laboratories of the Royal University of Ireland, Dublin, from 9th to 13th July. An Examination in the Biological Branch of the Final Examination was held from 22nd to 25th October; and in 1902, Intermediate and Final Examinations were held from 7th to 17th January at the Institute’s Laboratories. The number of Candidates for each of the various Examinations, and the number of those who passed, are shewn in the following table :- View Article Online

EXAMINATION. NUXBER EXAIINED. PAhSED. Intermediate .. ..* ...... 31 *.. 25 Final :- Branch A (Mineral Chemistry) ... 17 ... 12 ,, B (Metallurgical Chemistry) 2..... 2 ,, D (Organic Chemistry) ... 13 ... 11 ,, E (The Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of VJater) ...... 16 ... 13

,, F (Biological Chemistry). .. 4 *. 4 General Practical Examination .. . I ... I General Theoretical and Practical Examination.. . .*. ... I ... 0 - ... - 85 ... 68 -~ -

Two Examinations in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and ’Microscopy have also been held, viz., on the 13th July, 1901, and I Ith January, 1902. For these, 37 Candidates, (including 12 Fellows, g Associates, and 16 Candidates in Branch ((35” of the Final Examination) have presented themselves, of whom 27 were recommended for the Special Certificate of

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. the Institute in these subjects. The Examiners on the occasions referred to above were as follows :-In General Theoretical and Practical Chemistry : Dr. Bernard Dyer, F.I.C., and Dr. W. Palmer Wynne, F.R.S., F.I.C. ; in Biological Chemistry : Professor Adrian J. Brown, RIISc., F.I.C. ; and in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy : Dr. A. P. Luff, F.R.C.P., F.I.C. In the Examinations in Chemistry, the Examiners were assisted by Mr. Julian L. Baker, F.I.C., and in the Examinations in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, the Examiner was assisted by Mr. k’liilliarn Chattaway, F.I.C. a4 View Article Online

Reports of the Examinations held in July have already appeared in the Proceedings. Particulars of the October and January Examinations will be given in Pr0cediag.s Part I, 1902.

REGULATIONS. The standard of the Council’s requirements in regard to the Preliminary Examinations has been raised, and from the list of recognised Preliminary Examinations certain Junior, Second and Lower Grade Examinations have been removed, as they were considered not to afford a sufficient test to guarantee the possession of such attainments in general education as should be acquired by a student proceeding to qualify for a professional career. The Regulations for the Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Micro- scopy have also received careful consideration, and the Council have resolved that on and after 1st March, 1902, every Fellow, or Associate, of the Institute who is desirous of entering for this Examination shall be required to produce evidence, satisfactory to the Council, that he has been systematically engaged in the practice of the analysis of Food and Drugs for at least one year prior to his making application for admission to the Examination. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13.

P U B L I C A P PO I NThII ENTS. The Council note with satisfaction that in several instances during the past year, Local Authorities have insisted on the qualifications of the Institute being possessed by Candidates for appointments as Public Analysts. Some Authorities have, however, continued the practice of combining Medical and Analytical Appointments. The Council have represented to the Local Government Board the undesirability of such appointments being combined, and their opinions on this View Article Online

matter were published in Pmceedings, Part II., 1901. The attention of the Board has been directed to the extent of the training and experience necessary for persons holding Public Analytical appointments, and it has been pointed out that where the appointments are proposed to be combined, the selection of Candidates for both the Medical and the Analytical position is necessarily limited. It has also been pointed out that the provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act directly indicate that the Medical Officer of Health and Public Analyst should be two distinct persons, inasmuch as the Medical Officer may be required to submit suspected samples to the Public Analyst for analysis. The reply received from the Board stated that although they had not encouraged the holding of the two offices by the same person, they were not prepared to lay down a general rule that the two offices should not be held together. The Council have reason to believe that their action in directing attention to this matter has been beneficial. In a number of instances where the two appointments were previously combined, the Local Authorities have, during the past year, separated them. It should, however, be borne in mind that the remedy, to a certain extent, rests with the Fellows of the Institute themselves. In cases where a Medical Practitioner is appointed to the two positions, the

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. evidence of competent skill in and knowledge of Analytical Chemistry, furnished by such Candidates, frequently consists of testimonials given by Fellows of the Institute with whom they have worked. The Local Government Board accepts the qualification of the Institute, and probably the certificates of Fellows have influence so far as chemistry is concerned. In these circumstances, therefore, it behoves the Fellows of the Institute when giving such Certificates to bear in mind the uses to which they may be put. A few months’ experience in the Laboratory of an Analytical Chemist, without previous SJ stematic training such as is View Article Online

prescribed for Candidates entering the profession of analytical and consulting chemistry, cannot be considered a sufficient guarantee of the skill and knowledge required for the respon- sible and important duties of a Public Analyst. Moreover, it is most improbable that the efficient working of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts can be assured so long as the Act allows a Local Authority to appoint an unqualified Analyst, and to give him time to become qualified before his appointment is confirmed by the Local Government Board. It is desirable that Fellows and Associates should assist the Council by bringing, when occasion requires, the opinions of the Institute on these matters under the notice of persons possessing local influence. The attention of the Council has been directed to instances in which undue influence has been brought to bear on Local Authorities to bring about the resignation of the appointed Public Analyst. The term; of appointment usually affect such cases materially, and it has been found that where the period of appointment is indefinite, the Local Government Board has not sanctioned the removal of the Public Analyst. However, in cases where the period of appointment has been defined, the Board has not interfered so long as the newly appointed Public Analyst has produced, to their satisfaction,

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. evidence of the qualifications necessary for the appointment. In connection with the matter of Public Analytical appointments, it has been pointed out to the Couricil of the Institute, by the President of the Local Government Board, that under Section 10of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, 1875, the remuneration of an Analyst is to be such as is to be mutually agreed upon between him and the appoihting Authority. The sanction of the Board to the payment of such remuneration is not requisite. The terms and conditions of the agreement having once been arrived at, however, it becomes a contract. In this connection it is to be noted that View Article Online

the consent of the Local Government Board is requisite for the determination of an appointment.

CERTIFICATES OF AXALYSIS. In Proceedings Part 11, 1901,the Council drew the attention of the Members to a case heard at the Westminster County Court on 1st May last. This case has a decided bearing on the duty of the Institute with regard to professional practice. In the case referred to, the following opinion of the late Vice-Chancellor Malitis was quoted :- '' In my opinion the law upon the subject is plain, and has existed " long before the case of Pope o. Curl mas decided, and has ('existed ever since, namely, that the property in letters remain '' in the person to whom they are sent. The right to retain 'I them remains in the person to whom they are sent, but the " sender of the letters hcas still that kind of interest, if not '' property, in the letters which gives him 8 right to restrain any '' use being made of the communication which he hns made in '( the letters so sent by him. I will not have it slipposed that I '(entertain a moment's doubt about that being the settled IBW." This view was adopted by the County Court. From this it will be perceived that a person for whom an analysis is made is not entitled to publish the certificate of

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. an analysis in the absence of a distinct agreement to that effect, andit will readily be seen that Members whose certificates may be published without authority, have a right to restrain such publication. The Council have also warned the Fellows and Associates when giving Certificates in duplicate to take care to prevent the misuse of them.

APPOINTMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES. In July, 1901, a Butter Regulations Committee was appointed by the Board of Agriculture, the President of the View Article Online

Institute being one of its members, and the Council were invited to nominate representatives to give evidence on the subjects referred to the Committee. Mr. Otto Hehner, Vice- President, and Dr. Bernard Dyer, F.I.C., were asked to represent the Institute, and were examined by the Committee in October with regard to the question of water in butter, and in January with regard to the question of the composition of butter fat. The Institute mas also represented on the occasion of the Ninth Jubilee of the University of Glasgow on June 12th, when a congratulatory address was presented by the President on behalf of the Institute.

FIN-04 CE.

On considering the Financial Statement for the year 1901, it will be observed that the expenses in connection with the work of the Institute are gradually increasing in almost every direction, chiefly owing to the greater number and greater efficiency of the examinations; but in spite of a number of items of extraordinary expenditure of the nature of capital, which will not occur in future years, the statement shows practically no outstanding liabilities and a small balance I IS. I

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. (L60 ~d.)in hand. Under the Scientific Societies Act, 1843, Societies existing exclusively for purposes of science, literature, or the fine arts, may be exempted from paying local rates on obtaining a Certifi- cate from the Registrar of Friendly Societies, provided that the premises of the Society are occupied by the Society for the transaction of its business; that the Society is supported wholly or in part by annual voluctary contributions; and that it does not, and by its laws may not, make any divi- dend, gift, division, or bonus in money unto or between any of its Members. View Article Online

The iCouncil have communicated with the Registrar of Friendly Societies on the matter, but the reply received was to the effect that the objects of the Institufe appeared by the Charter to include professional purposes, as in the case of the Institution of Civil Engineers, which case is still law, and that under the provisions of the Charter and Bye-Laws, the Institute does not appear to come within the meaning of the Statute in question.

It has been decided, on the recommendation of the Finance Committee, that the Fees for Examination for Fellowship, Entrance Fees to the Fellowship, and Life Compositions, shall in future be raised. Particulars of the changes to he made were published in the Pyoceediizgs, Part II., 1901,and have been issued to Associates and Students to whom they apply.

THE INSTITUTE’S HOUSE.

The House Committee report to the Council that the premises of the Institute have been maintained in good condition throughout the year. In addition to the repairs required to be put in hand under the terms of the lease, the Committee have installed electric light in the office, Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. halls, council room, and the rooms of the Registrar. The introduction of the public electric supply has permitted the use of an electric fan. This has been satisfactorily installed and is used in connection with the original scrubber tower for the ventilation of the laboratories. Although the installation was an expensive item in the year’s statement, it has been found that the cost of working is very slight, and it will effect a considerable saving compared with the former arrangement. The Laboratories of the Institute were used by the a5 View Article Online

University of London for the Examination of Honours Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science on 20th November.

LIBRARY.

The Library of the Institute has been used more frequently during the past year than hitherb. The Library Committee have had the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of a considerable number of donations of books which have been mentioned in the Fvocecdizgs. On the recomniendation of the Committee, the Council requested the Finance Committee to consider the desirability of devoting a sum from the funds of the Institute, annually to Library purposes. On the report of the Finance Committee the Council have resolyed to allow Fifteen Pounds annually to be expended, at the discretion of the Library Committee, on the purchase and binding of periodical literature relating to Analytical and Applied Chemistry and allied Sciences. The Committee have also decided, with the ap- proval of the Council, to subscribs out of the Library Fund, in hand, to the volumes on Physics, Chemistry, Bacteriology and Mineralogy, in the International Catalogue of Scientific

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Literature, compiled under the auspices of the Royal Society.

The Council look to the Members for a continuance of generous support of the Library, in the interests of the Candidates for Examination and of the Fellows and Associates themselves. Members who have written and published works of reference, or pamphlets on subjects ronnected with Analytical and Applied Chemistry of which they could present copies, are reminded that such contribu- View Article Online

tions to the Library are highly acceptable for permanent prsservation.

PUBLICATIOKS. Two parts of the Pvoceedirzgj of the Institute have been published in April and November, 1901,and also the Register for 1901.

Annual Dinner, 1901.

The Annual Dinner of the Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry took place at the Hotel Metropo1e:on Wednesday, 4th Decembsr, Professor J. Millar Thomson, President, in the Chair. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. THE INSTITUTEView OF Article CHEMISTRY Online OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. IizcoT*poratecl by Royai! Charter, June, 1585. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1901,

RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURE. 2 s. tl. 2 s. d. ;E s. a. 2 s. a. Balance at Bank on General A/c 31st December, 1900 167 18 5 Printing, 1900Accourt ...... 33 9 0 Do. 1901 Account ...... 213 19 6 Subscriptions - Fellows’ ...... &31 11 10 24736 38 G1 Associates’ ...... 142 15 11 Stationery, Office Books, &c...... Postage ...... 65 7 1 Students’ ...... 37 0 0 348 18 8 1,011 7 3 Rent ...... 115 1 0 Entrance Fees ...... 163 16 0 Hedemption Preiniums ...... 13s 15 4 Life Coinpositions ...... 79 16 0 Rates and Taxes ...... 90 3 10 243 12 0 Insurance ...... 640 Repairs and Furnishing ...... 97 4 4 Dividends ...... 62 5 9 447 8 6 Salaries and Wages ...... *. 402 14 0 Examination Fees ...... 387 9 0 Examinations and Laboratories...... 416 5 8 Advertisenients ...... 19 15 8 Sale of Regulations ...... 10 3 9 Gas, Water, Electric Light and Power . . .. 30 13 11 Society of Public Analysts (use of Council Room). . 111 8 Telephone ...... 17 0 0 11 15 5 Miscellaneous ...... 4.31.; 4 930 4 7 21.564 8 4 Legal Expenses ...... 510 0 Extraordinary Expenditure - - Installation of Electric Light and Power .. ,. 91 14 6 Biological Account- 1,823 16 5 Apparatus ...... 51 9 2 Balance in hand...... 45 10 10 , 100 0 Balance of Biological Account 1st JanuarF, 1901 . 0 100 0 Q Library Account- Books, &c...... 410 Balance of Library Account 1st January, 1901 41 11 5 Balance in hand...... 37 10 5 .. 41 11 5 Balance at Bank on General Account 31st December, 1301 GO ii ii 22.025 19 9 22,025 19 0

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, Dec. 31, 1901.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. ASSETS. LlABlLlTlES. .€ s. d. .€ s. a. 6: s. 2. $ s. a. Balance at Bank, as above- Subscriptions received in ndyance- General Account ...... FO 11 11 Fellows’ ...... 16 16 0 Library Account ...... 37 10 5 Biological Account ...... 45 10 10 Associates’ ...... 110 143 13 2 Students’ ...... 2 15 0 Value of Lease and Redemption Premiums (Scottish Provident 20 12 0 Institution) ...... 1,555 0 0 Fees for the January (1002), Examination received Value of Laboratories and Redemption Premiums (Sun Assurance in advance ...... 179 11 0 Company) ...... Approximate Value of Furniture ...... 2yE:g Balance of Library Account ...... 37 10 5 Approximate Value of Apparatus ...... 4.50 0 0 Balance of Biological Bccount ...... 45 10 10 Approximate Value of Library...... 300 0 0 83 1 3 $2,000 per cent. Consols, cost price ...... 1,993 7 9 __ 3362 95. 10d. Metropolitan 3 per cent. Stock, cost price .... 400 0 0 Having examined the Books and Voucliers and verified the investments in Consols adin Metropolitan 3 per cent. Stock standing to the credit of the Institute, in the Books of the Bank of England, we certify that the above Statement is correct. 15th January, 1902. View Article Online

Final Examination for the Associateship, in the Branch of Biological Chemistry.

(October 22nd to 25th, 1901.)

Examiner: ADRIAN JOHN BROWN, M.Sc. (Birm.), F.I.C.

REPORT OF THE EXAMINER.

To the PRESIDESTASD COVNCILOF THE IXSTITUTEOF CHEMISTRYOF GREATBRITAIS AAD IRHLAKD.

GEXTLEMEN, I beg to submit niy Report on the Examination in Biological Chemistry (Branch ‘‘ F ”) for the Associateship, held on the four days commencing October the zand last. As the Examination is the first which has been held by the Institute, in Biological Chemistry, it appears desirable to report that the subjects included in this branch of Chemistry were found to lend themselves very well to the requirements c?f a practical examination, and that the exercises set provided a means of satisfactorily testing the capabilities of the

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Candidates. Allowing for the fact that there was very little to indicate the general lines on which the first Examination in Branch

Kc F”would proceed, the Candidates who presented themselves proved to be fairly well prepared. Their bacteriological work was well done on the whole, but some little weakness was shown in their chemical work. In this connection I should like to point out, as a guide to future Candidates, that

the Examination in Branch ‘‘ F ” comprehends both chemical and biological work, and that the subject of Enzymes and their actions occupies a leading posi tion in Biological Chemistry. View Article Online

For this Examination four Candidates presented themselves :-one, more especially interested in the Chemistry of Sewage ; one, in Pathological Bacteriology ; and two, in Chemistry in relation to Brewing. All of the Candidates satisfied the Examiner, and are recommended for election to the Associateship of the Institute. (Signed) ADRIANJ. BROWK, Ex:zriLiizgy iii Giologicd Cj1mzsfry. BIRMINGHAM, October SGfh, 1901,

During the recent Examination in Biological Chemistry, we visited the Laboratories of the Institute, and questioned the Candidates, and also, at the conclusion of the Examination, very fully discussed their work with the Exanliner in Biological Chemistry, in whose Report we have now the pleasure of ekpressing our entire concurrence.

(Signed) BERNARDDYER, 1 Erccnziiiers iii 99 I\'. PALMERWUNSE, ) Gettel-a1 chemistry. LONDON,

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. 7th .Xovenaber, 1901.

Names of Candidates who passed the Final Examina- tion in the Branch of Biological Chemistry. Aston, Francis \Villiani .. , The University of Birmingham. Floris, Robert Brooke ... University College, London ; also with A. H. Allen, F.I.C.; the late W.Marcet, R.I.D., F.R.S., F.I.C.; and G. McGowan, Ph.D., F.I.C. View Article Online

Franck, Charles Edward .. . University College, London ; and with C. H. Cribb, B.Sc., F.I.C. Gall, John Beaconsfield, City and Guilds of London A.C.G. I. Central Technical College ; and with J. TI-. Eyre, M.U., at Charing Cross Hospital 111 edi c a 1 S c lio o 1.

~xamination in Biological Chemistry,

TUESDAY, the 22nd, to FRIDAY, the 25th OCTOBER, 1901: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. each day.

TUESDAY,OCTOBER 22ND, 1901. Test the gil-en filter for its power to remove micro- organisms from the given sample of sewage. (Tubes of nntrier;t gelatin were supplied.) Note.-The work of this paper was continued on the third day of the Examination.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. J~EDXESDAI’,OCTOBER 23~~, 1901. (I) Commence the preparation of a single cell culture, by the Hansen method, of the organism present in the pure culture supplied. (Sac. cerevisiae.) (Malt-wort gelatin was supplied.) (2) Examine the pure cultures of the three organisms supplied, and report fully on your examination. Leave any stained or other preparations you make for inspection by the Examiner. [ (a) B. viscosus ; (b) Aniylomyces Rousii, sub- merged growth; (c) B. aceti.1 View Article Online

(3) Commence any experiments with the culture marked ([I) which you consider may assist in determining the nature and chief functions of the organism it contains. Note.-The work of this paper was continued throughout the remainder of the Examination.

THURSDAY,OCTOBLR Z~TH, 1901. (I) Determine the relative power of inversion of the two solutions of invertase given, using the polarimeter in your determinations. (2) Continue first and second days’ work as required.

FRIDAY,OCTOBER Z~TH, 1901. Complete as far as possible the work of the previous days.

E~a~i~ation~in Practical and Theoretical Che~i~try, JANUARY 7th to 17th, 1802.

Gmnincrs in @mrd clilpmistrg : BERNARD DYER, D.Sc., F.I.C. W. PALMER WYNNE, D.Sc., F.I.C., F.R.S. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. REPORT OF THE EXAMINERS.

To the PRESIDENTAND COUNCILOF THE INSTXTUTEOF CHEMISTRY OF GREATBRITAIN AND IRELAND. GENTLEMEK, We beg leave to submit our Report on the recent Examinations in Practical and Th2oretical Chemistry. The Examinations were conducted in the Laboratories .of the Institute, and were divided into two periods of four a7 View Article Online

days each, the first beginning on January the 7th, and the second on January the 14th, 1902. The earlier week was devoted to Candidates for the Intermediate Examination and for Branch “E” of the Final Examination, and the later week to Candidates for Branches “A” and “D” of the Final Examination for the Associateship. Thirty-eight Candidates presented themselves for Exami- nation. The number of Candidates in each Branch, and the number of those who passed, are shown in the following table :- No. of KO. of Candidates Candidates examined. who passed. Intermediate Examination ...... 15 ... 12 Examination in General, Theoretical and Practical Chemistry for F.I.C...... **. I ... 0 Final Exam. for A.I.C. Branch ‘‘ A ” 7 ... 4

73 7, ,, bi D” g ... 7 L. E ’7 77 9, 9* 6 ... 6

38 *.. 29 __ - - __I No Candidate presented himself in Branch c*B”

(Metallurgical Chemistry), or in Branch “ C ” (Physical

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Chemistry), of the Final Examination for the Associateship. In the Intermediate Examination, the answers to the written questions were satisfactory in nearly every case. The practical work was well done so far as manipulation was concerned, but far too many Candidates, whose experimental work was satisfactory, failed to calculate the results properly. Whilst every allowance must be made for work carried on under Examination conditions, it niust be pointed out that in practice the effect of an erroneous report is the same whether the error is due to defective analytical work or to mistakes in calculation. Full credit, therefore, cannot be given to work, View Article Online

however excellent it may otherwise be, which is marred by bad arithmetic. Attention may also be drawn to the fact that some of the Candidates had not been trained to note down in their books each observation as it is made, the history of their work being thereby rendered obscure. Coming now to the Final Examination in the various branches :-In Branch “ A,” the qualitative analysis was satisfactory as a whole, but the quantitative work in the case of the determination of nitrates in water, and the estimation of arsenic and some other constituents of an ore, left much to be desired. One Candidate in this Branch presented a thesis containing the results of original work. The work in Branch “D” was satisfactory, except on the third day, when several Candidates met with difficulties in recognising the alkaloid and the acid in iron quinine citrate. Three of the nine Candidates submitted papers containing the results of original work in support of their applications for the Associateship.

In Branch “ E” (analysis of Food and Drugs and of Water), all the Candidates were successful in passing the Examination, and all of them (including two to whom the additional Examination was not compulsory by the regulations under which they were registered), passed in the subjects of

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy. They are thus recommended for the Certificate in these subjects, in addition to the Associateship. We desire, once again, to acknowledge the efficient assistance rendered to us by Mr. Julian L. Baker, F.I.C., during the conduct of the Examinations. We are, Gentlemen, Your obedient servants, (Signed) BERNARD DYER,

?? W. PALMER WYNNE, Examiners. 23vd January, 1902. a8 View Article Online

Names of Candidates who passed the Intermediate Examination,

Alderton, Gilbert John ... King’s College, London. Benham, Keith Benham ... The University, Birmingham ; and at University College, London. Garle, John Longsdon ... University College, London. Hill, Henry William . .. Finsbury Technical College, London. Johnston, John ...... University College, Dundee. Knapp, Arthur XVilliam, The University, Birmingham. B.Sc. (Birm.) Paine, Sidney Gross ... University College,N o t t ingham. Parker, William Bayley .. . The University, Birmingham. Pursglove, John Burton ... University College, N ottinghani. Sheldon, John Charles .. . The University, Birmingham ; and under A. E. Tucker, F.I.C. Tempany, Harold Augustine University College, London. Tyler, Reginald ...... University College, Not t in gham .

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Names of Candidates who passed the Final Examina- tion for the Associateship (A.I.C.).

(Jnnuary 14t/t--l?th, IW%.) Armstrong, Arthur Graham Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College; and at King’s College, London. Lumsden, William Watt ... Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. View Article Online

Shepherd, Arthur Burton, Yorkshire College, Leeds. BSc. (Vict.) Sutherst, Walter Frederick, Zurich Polytechnic. Ph.D. (Geneva)

Clarke, George, junior .. . University College,No t t inghani . Neurnann, Edgar David The University, Oxford. Maurice, B.A. (Oxon.), Ph .D . (Got t i ngen) Neville, Henry Allen Dug- Blackburn Municipal Technical dale, B.Sc. (Lond.) College. Norman, George Marshall, Royal College of Science, A.R.C.Sc., E.Sc. (Lond,) London. Nuttall, Walter Harold ... University College,Nottinghaxn . Peters, William Harold .. . University College,Nottingham Theobalds, Vincent William Finsbury Technical College, London.

In Branrk ‘‘ E ’’ (Aiztr&sZs of Food aizd Drugs nizd of bVder,

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. incl~idiagthe Examinntion in Therapeutics, Phiir~~zncology, a izd Microscopy).

([arzun?Y 7 th- I I th, 19 0 2. )

Arnaud, Francis William King’s College, London : under Frederick C. H. Cribb, B.Sc., F.I.C., and also under W, F. Lom-e, F.I.C. Evans, John...... King’s College, London ; and at the Pharmaceutical Society’s Laboratory. View Article Online

Jenkins, John Edward .. . King’s College, London. Partridge, VCWiam...... Finsbury Technical College, London. Richmond, Sylvester Oliffe Finsbury Technical College, London. Spurge, Edward Charles, Pharmaceutical Society’s Labo- B. Sc. ( Lond.) ratory ; and with F. W. Short, F.I.C.

Intermediate Examination.

January 7th to loth, 1902: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. each day.

GENERAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY.

TUESDAY,JANUARY 7TH, 1902: I0 A.M. TO I P.M. Not more than fozw of the following questions are to be attempted :-

I. State what you know about the solution of gases in

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. liquids. If water at o deg, C. be exposed to an atmosphere consisting of oxygen 20.9, nitrogen 79, and carbon dioxide 0.1 per cent., what will be the percentage composition of the gas dissolved, the pressure being supposed to be normal? (I vol. of water at o deg. and 760 mm. dissolves 0.4 vol. of oxygen, 0.2 of nitrogen or 1.8 vols. of carbon dioxide.)

2. How may carbon monoxide he prepared in a pure state, and how has its composition been determined? Describe its properties and those of the compounds which it forms with elements other than oxygen. View Article Online

3. At the present time, alkali is made on the industrial scale by processes other than the Leblanc method, sulphuric

acid without the use of 6‘ leaden chambers,” and potassium

chlorate without the aid of manganese dioxide or 46 Weldon mud.” Give some account of these modern processes of manufacture. 4. By what methods applicable both to fatty and to aromatic compounds can (I) an ether, and (2) an ester be prepared ? Contrast the chemical properties of ethers and esters, and state how you would ascertain whether a given substance belonged to one or the other of these classes. 5. Give an account of the gewral methods adopted in the isolation and recognition of alkaloids. Of what substances are alkaloids considered to be derivatives, and what evidence is there in support of your answer ? 6. Describe briefly the more important properties of the metallic cyanides. What substances are formed by the action of ethyl iodide on silver and potassium cyanides, and what are their properties 7

TUESDAY,JANUARY 7TH, 1902; 2 P.M. TO 5 P.M. Not more than four of the following questions are to be

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. attempted :-- 7. Explain fully the grounds on which the atomic weight 31 is assigned to phosphorus. 8. How would you prepare potassium dichromate from chrome iron ore ? What reasons exist for classing chromium with iron ? 9. Give an account of the indicators ordinarily employed in volumetric analysis, the conditions under which they may be employed, and the explanations which have been given of their action. View Article Online

10 Justify the formula CH;CH:O for ordinary aldehyde. Describe the chemical properties of the substance, and explain its unsaturated character.

11. What is a nitro-compound ? How are such substances made, what are their properties, and for what purposes are they used?

12. Trace out the regularities that have been observed in the formation of di-derivatives from mono-substitution derivatives of benzene. What evidence is there that phenyl is a more acidic radicle than methyl ?

PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8TH, 1902 : I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Determine the nature of the substance contained in the given solution, and estimate the amount per litre, by two distinct methods. (N.B.-Evaporation to dryness must not be employed.) (Sodium Nitrite.) By the aid of the dissolved substance prepare some

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. definite organic compound in a pure state, and leave a specimen of it for inspection. Before proceeding to this part of the work, write in your notebook a brief account of what you propose to do, and a list of the materials you require. These materials will be supplied to you after your scheme of work has been submitted to the.Examiners.

THURSDAY.JAKUARY QTH, 1902 ; 10 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Identify the substances contained in the given solution, and determine the amounts of each per litre. (Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate, Ferric Ammonium Sulphate.) View Article Online

FRIDAY, JANUARY IOTH, 1902 ; I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Identify the given substance A. (Stibnite; Zinc blende). One substance was given to each Candidate.

Identify the given substance €3. Estimate the percentage of one of the radicles contained in it. Prepare from it a solid and a liquid organic substance in a pure state, and leave specimens for inspection. (Acetyl Chloride.)

Final Examinations for the Associa teship.

Branch ii A.” - Mineral Chemistry. January 14th to 17th, 1902.

TUESDAY,JANUARY I~TH,1902: 10 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. (a) Determine the nitrogen existing as nitrates in the given sample of water.

(b) Make as full a qualitative analysis as you can of the given ore, distinguishing between principal and minor constituents.

WEDNESDAY,JANUARY I~TH,1902: 10 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Determine in the given ore the percentage of arsenic and of one other principal constituent element. (This exercise may be completed to-morrow). View Article Online

THURSDAY,JANUARY I~TH,1902: I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. The sample submitted to you consists of commercial borate of lime. Determine the percentage of boric acid in it, and otherwise make as complete a quantitative analysis of it as you can.

FRIDAY,JANUARY X~TH,1902: 10 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Make as complete a quantitative analysis as you can of the given powder, determining the most characteristic ingredient by. a volumetric method, and also, if time allows, by a gravimetric method. (Calcium Chromate, Calcium Carbonate, and Barium Sulphate.)

Branch (‘0.” -- Oitganic Chemistry. January 14th to 17th, 1902.

TUESDAY,JAKUARY 14TH, 1902: I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Identify the substance contained in the given aqueous solution, and confirm your conclusion by estimating the amounts of two of its decomposition products obtainable

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. from a given volume of the solution,

Prepare a crystalline salt containing at least one organic radicle from one of the decomposition products. (Oxamethane.)

WEDNESDAY,JANUARY I~TH,1902: 10 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Identify the given substance and prepare from it three characteristic derivatives, giving in each case an account of the solubility, melting point, &c., of the specimen. (p Naphthol.) View Article Online

THURSDAY, JANUARY f6TH, IgO2: I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Make as complete an analysis as you can of the given substance. Leave for inspection the substances weighed. (Citrate of iron and quinine.)

FRIDAY,JANUARY IYTH, IgO2: I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. Identify the given substance and determine its molecular weight.

Prepare from it (Q) a halogen derivative containing the same number of substituents as the given substance; and (b) a halogen derivative, in which the halogen forms an additional substituent in the molecule of the given substancz. Leave specimens of the products, with a description of their solubilities, &c., relied on as criteria of purity. (Orthotoluidine.) (N..IS.-Before you proceed to the second part of the exercise, a brief description of the process you propose to employ and a list of the materials required must be shown to one of the Examiners.)

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Branch “E.)’--The Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of Water.

January 7th to llth, 1902.

TUESDAY,JANUARY 7TH, I902 : I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. The wine placed before you contains poison. Identify the poison and determine approximately the quantity present, expressed as grains per pint. (Tartar Emetic; Strychnine; Oxalic Acid. One of these was given to each Candidate.) View Article Online

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8TH, I902 : I0 A.M. TO 4-30 P.M. (a) Estimate by means of a nitrogen determination the percentage of casein in the sample of cheese. (b) Examine and report upon the genuineness of the sample of tea.

THURSDAY,JANUARY gTH, I902 : I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. (0) Determine the percentage of butter fat in the sample of margarine fat. (b) Report on the genuineness of the sample of glycerine.

FRIDAY,JANUARY IOTH, 1902 : I0 A.M. TO 4.30 P.M. (a) Determine the proportion of total alkaloid or alkaloids in the given alcoholic extract, and identify as well as you can the characteristic ingredient by means of the alkaloidal reactions. (Extract of Ipecacuanha.) (6) Determine by means of the polarimeter, and without using Fehling’s solution, the percentage of uninverted cane sugar (sucrose) in the sample of syrup.

Candidates in Bmwh (( E” of the Find Exmiinations weye nlso Examined in Therapeutics, Pharnz~tcology,and Mic~osco~y. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Examination in Therapeutics, Phar= macology and Microscopy. Saturday, January llth, 1902: 10 a.m. to 12 noon.

I. Examine the specimen .of coffee marked A, and report on its probable purity or otherwise, basing your opinion on the microscopical appearances only. Leave a prepared slide on your bench. View Article Online

2. Examine, describe and state respectively the nature of the prepared slides marked B and C.

3. What articles of food and drink are liable to contain lead ? Describe the sources from which the lead is derived, and the methods by which it is introduced into the respective articles. What are the effects on the hunian body produced by the daily ingestion of small quantities of lead ?

4. What are the distinctions, as regards their action on the human body, of corrosive and irritant poisons ? Mention four purely corrosive and four purely irritant poisons.

5. Give the niaximuin safe doses, for an adult, of arsen- ious oxide, morphine acetate, atropine sulphate, and hydro- cyanic acid (B.P.)

Candidates were also examined practically, and interrogated orally as to the recognition of Drugs. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. View Article Online

Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and

SATURDAY, JANUARY llth, 1902.

Examiner: ARTHUR PEARSON LUFF, M.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.P., F.I.C.

REPORT OF THE EXAMINER.

To the PRESIDENTAND COUNCILOF THE IR’STITUTEOF CHEMISTRYOF GREATBRITAIN AND IRELAND.

The Examiner reports that nineteen Candidates presented themselves for Examination. Of these, eight were Fellows, five were Associates, and six were Candidates in Branch ‘‘ E ’’ of the Final Examination for the Associateship.

The Examination consisted of a Practical Examination Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. in Microscopy, and a written Examination in Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The Candidates were also examined practically in the recognition of Drugs, and interrogated orally.

The paper given is attached to the papers set by the Examiners in Chemistry.

The Examiner reports that the following Members passed the Examination, and recommends that they be granted the Special Certificate in these subjects :- View Article Online

John Richard Brooke, A.I.C. John William Cot terill, F. I .C. Theophilus Vaughan Hughes, A.R.S.M., F.I.C. John Haslam Johnston, M.Sc., A.I.C. Herbert King, MSc., F.I.C. William Lowson, B.Sc., A.I.C. Charles McNlullan, A.I.C. Martin Priest, A.I.C. Edward Russell, BSc., F.I.C. John White, F.I.C.

The Candidates in Branch (IE ” of the Final Examination are dealt with in the Report of the Examiners in General Chemistry.

The Examiner desires to express his indebtedness for the very able co-operation of Mr. William Chattaway, F.I.C., in the general arrangements and conduct of the Examination.

(Signed) ARTHUR P. LUFF.

Jnvzztary 18tJz, I~OZ. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. The Library,

Since the publication of Proceedings, Part II., 1901,the Library Committee have had much pleasure in acknowledging the following gifts of Books, Journals and Monographs :-

ADEIVEY,W. E., D.Sc., F.1.C.: Photographs of Spark Spectra from the large Rowland Spectrometer in the Royal University. Adeney. Part 1.- The Ultra Violet Spark Spectra of Iron, Cobalt, View Article Online

N ickei, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, 0smiu m, Iridium, Platinum, Potassium Chromate, Potassium Permanganate, and Gold. Dtrhlifz, 1901. BALLI~RE,TYNDALL AND Cox. : On the Composition of Dutch Butter. Van Rijn. L ondoit, I 902. COLLINS,S. HOARE,F.I.C.: Experiments with Crops and Stock, conducted by the Agricultural Department (Durham College of Science), during the Season 1900. Compiled by T. H. Middleton. Lontion atad Newcastle-on-Tyiae 1901. FOWLER,GILBERT J., F.I.C. : Some Points in the Management of Septic 'Tanks and Bacterial Contact Beds. Fowler. L ondoit I 902.

LA SOCIET~DES SCIENCESDE FINLAND: Ofversigt af Finska vetenskaps-societetens Forhandlingar. Vol. 43. Helsiizgfon I goo-I 901. GOWLAND,WILLIAM, Assoc.R.S.M., F.I.C. : The Early Metallurgy of Silver and Lead. Gowland. Part I: Lead. L oirioit I 902. LEWKOWITSCH,JULIUS, Ph.D., F.I.C. : The Laboratory CompaIiion to Fats and Oils Industries.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Lewkowitsch. L ondoit I 901. THEUNIVERSITY OF LONDON: The London University Gazette (as published). L olzdon. NEWSOUTH WALES. Department of Mines : Annual Report for 1900. Sydney 1901. STOCKS,H. B., F.I.C. : Concretions in the lower Coal Measures. Stocks. Lonnoft 1902. TAN~ARD,A. R.: Artificial Silk. Tankard. London 1901. View Article Online

POWER,E. B.: Reprints from the Transactions of the Chemical Society, Loizdoiz : A New Synthesis of a-Ethyltricarballylic Acid. Jowett. The Constitution of Pilocarpine. Jowett. Part 111. The Constituents of the Essential Oil of Asarum Canadense. Power and Lees. Derivatives of Gallic Acid. Power and Shedden.

~VHITE,EDMUND, BSc., F.I.C., AXD HUMPHREY,JOHK : Pharmacopmdia. A Commentary on the British Pharm- acopceia of 1898. IT'hite and Humphrey. Loridoit 1901.

The Committee have also much pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of the following, which have been presented regularly as published :-The Analyst, El Irzgeniem Espnrtol 3' In Gnceta Szrd A/I~izericnnn,The Joirvnnl of the Cnmern ClziD, The Joicriznl cf the Society of Ads, The Joziritnl of the Society of Clwwzcnl Iadtistvy, I'lze Plznvtttnceiitzcnl Jountnl, and The P2i LItc Health Engzneer.

The following volumes ha1 e been purchased :-

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. HANSEN,E. C.: Practical Studies in Fermentation. Tvnttslnted by A. K. Miller. Londort 1896. JAHRBUCH EIgR ACETYLEX UND CARBID. Band I. Hnll~n S. 1900. Band 11. Hde n. S. 1901. LEWES,VIVIAK EL: Acetylene. MOISSAN,H.: Le Four Glectrique. Pnris 1897. View Article Online

WILEY,H. W.: The Principles and Practice of Agricultural Analysis. Vol. I. : Soils. Enston PG. 1899. Vol. 11. : Fertilizers. Enstoiz Pa. 1895. Vol. III. : Agricultural Products. Easton Pa. 1897.

The Institute has subscribed for the regular supply of the following Journals to the Library :-The Chemicnl News, The Chemist mid Dyuggist, Nniiwe, Zeitsclzrift fiii A izgewmidfe Cheniie, Chemiker-Zeitz~ng,and The Oil, Pniitt mid Lkig Re poiter (L4mw-ican).

Alterations in and Additions to the Register.

Since the issue of Pvoceediizgs, Pwt II., 1901, 2 new Fellows and 21 new Associates (of \t.hoin 10were previously registered as Students) have been elected ; z Fellows have been re-elected; 12 Associates ha\-e been elected to the Fellowship ; and I I new Students have been admitted.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. During the same period the Institute has lost 7 Fellows by death.

The Register now (31st March, 1902) contains the names of 905 Fellows, 136 Associates, 132 Students. New Fellows. Dootsoa, Fiederielr Williitm, M.S. (Cantnb.}, D.Sc. (Dublin), G, Parkside, Cambridge. kcott, Alexander, 3l.A. (Cdntab.), D.Sc. (Edin.), F.R.S., The Davj-Farndny Bezeaich Lctboratorj, 20, -4lbe;~inileStreet, Lmc?on, 11'. View Article Online

Associates Elected to the Fellowship. Crossley, Watson, British Aluminium Co., Larne Harbour, Co. Antrim, Ireland. Ellis, Charles Sordes, The Smokeless Powder and Ammunitions Go., Ltd., Barwick, near Ware, Herts. Feilmann, Xartin Ernest, B.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D. (BUe), c/o. The Clayton Aniline Co., Ltd., Clayton, Blanchester. Fry, George Cecil, 3f.S~.(Vict.), 71, George Street, Saltaire, Shipley, Yorks, Hackman, Charles Adolphus, 1, Cottesmore Villas, High Street, Barnes. Hinks, Peicy John, Assoc.R.C.Sc. (Lond.), c/o. Mrs. W. Earthy, Tavern Street, Stowmarket, Suff o!k. Kendrew, Thomas, Broughton Copper Works, Salford, Nanchester. Lishinan, George Percy, B.Sc. (Edin.), Newbottle, Fence Houses, Co. Durham. Moore, William, Dibrugarh, Upper Assam, India. Sash, Leonard Myddleton, 17, Lower Park Road, Belvedere, Kent. I’iekard, Robert Howson, L).So. (Lond.), Ph.D. (Munich), 11, Priory Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. White, Arthur Lee, Assoc.R.C.Sc. (Lond.), B.Sc. (Lond.), 1, Grange Road, Clifton, Bristol.

New Associates. Armstrong, Arthur Graham, 5, Sibella Boad, Clapham, London, S.W. ArnRud, Francis William Frederick, 17, Maddox Street, London, W. Aston, Francis IVilliam, B.Sc. (Lond.), Springfield Brewery,Wolverhampton. Clarke, George, Junior, Municipal School of Technology, Sackville Street, Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Manchester, and Westmere, Sutton Bridge, Lines. Evans, John, c/o. A. H. Allen, Esq., F.I.C., 67, fiurrey Street, Bheffield. It’loris, Robert Brooke, West Hanningfield, Chelnisford. Franck, Charles Edward, The Shropshire Maltings, nitherington, Shrews bury. Hooton, IVilliam Marrs, B.Sc. (Vict.), Coed-y-Mwstwr, Bridgend, Glamor ganshire. Jenkins, John Edward, 82, Anerley Paik, Anerley, London, S.E. Luxsden, Walter Watt, Glenburn Villa, Port Glasgow, N.B. NcLellsn, Basil Goidon, 27, Beechgrove Terrace, Aberdeen, N B. Xeumann, Edgar David Xaurice, B.A. (Oxon.), Ph.D. (Gottingcn), 10, Ran- dolph Crescent, London, W. View Article Online

Neville, Henry Allan Dugdale, B.Sc. (Lond.), Brow Top, Ciab Lane, Higher Blackley, Manches ter. Norman, George Marshall, Assoc.R.C.Sc. (Lond.), B.Sc, (Lond.), 2, Bar- tholomews, Brighton. Nuttall, Walter Eiarold, Wpdhurst, Park Avenue, Xansfield, Sotts. Peters, William Harold, Petersruhe, Breaston, near Derby. Richmond, Splvester Oliffe, c/o. A. H. Allen, Esq., F.I.C., 67, Surrey Street, Sheffield. Shepherd, Arthur Burton, B.Sc. (Vict.), Wood Kook, Cookridge, near Leeds. Spurge, Edward Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), Withnni, Essex. Sutherst, Walter Frederick, Ph.D. (Geneva), Cheshire Agricultural and Horticultural Society, Holmes Chapel, Crewe. Theobalds, Vincent William, 16,Werndee Road, South Norwood, liondoll, S.E. New Students, Barnes, Hector James, The Briars, Rlonyhull Hall Itostd, King's Xortoii, Birmingham. (The University, Birminghnm.) Cowap, John Chester, Over Winsford, Cheshire. (Owens College, Blanchester). Done, Edward, 163, High Street, Erdington, Birmingham. (The University, Birmingham.) Fraser, James Dick, Huntly Lodge, Lenzie, 113. (Glasgom and West of Scotland Technical College.) Leach, Frederick Peacock, The Royal College of Science, South Kensington, London, S.W. (Royal College of Science, London. j Littlebury, William Oswald, 15, Beform Street, Button-in-Ashfielil, Kotts. Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. (University College, Kottingham.) Male, Charles Edgar, 17, Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C. (Professor J. Norman Collie, Ph. D., F.R.S., F.I.C.) McCourt, Cyril Douglas, 52, Victoria Road, Clapham, London, S.W. (Central Technical College, London, S.W.) Scott, Walter Charles, 2, Champion Grove, Denmark Hill, London, S.E. (Fiusbury Technical College, London.) Trego-Sadler, Ralph, 14, Chalfont Road, Oxford. (Oxford University.) Watt, Francis Langston, 111, Lauderdale Mansions, Lauderdale Xoad, Maida Vale, London, W. (Royal College of Science, London.) View Article Online

Deaths. L3onard, Norman, B.Sc. (Lond.), Chemical Laboratory, Guy’s Hospital, London, S.E. McKillop, Frederick William, 19, Crawford Street, Port Dundas, Glasgow. Morris, George Harris, Ph.D. (Wurzburg), B.Sc. (Birm.), 45, Great Tower Street, Lmdon, E.C. Simpson, Maxwell, Hon. hf.D., Hon. LL.D. (Dub.), F.R.S., 9, Barton Street, West Kensington, London, W. Sinee, Alfred Hutchinson, The Grange, Wallington, Surrey. Warmington, Edward Augustus, Ph.D. (Leipzig), Norwich Union Chambers, Edmund Street, Birmingham. Wilson, George Fergusson, F.R.S., Heather Bank, Weybridge.

General Notices The next Examinations of the Institute will be held in July, 1902. Students who have completed their training in accordance with the Regulations under which they were registered, can obtain from the Registrar forms of application for admission to the Examinations. The Intermediate Examination will occupy at least four days, commencing on Tuesday, aznd July. Examinations in the following Branches of the Final Examination for the Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Associateship (A.I.C.) will extend over at least four days, and may commence on either 15th or 22nd July :- (a) Mineral Chemistry; (b) Metallurgical Chemistry ; (c) Physical Chemistry ; (d) Organic Chemistry; and (8) The Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of Water, including an Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy. Candidates are advised to make application as soon as View Article Online

possible, as, in the event of there being less than 40 presenting themselves, the Council may decide riot to hold Examinations for more than one week in July. Applications for admission to the July Examinations should be forwarded to the Registrar not later than Tuesday, 10th June, on which day the list of Candidates will be closed. The Final Examination for the Associateship, in the Branch of Biological Chemistry, will be held at the Labora- tories of the Institute in October. The exact date will be mmmunicated to intending Candidates, who are required to notify the Registrar on or before Tuesday, the 2nd day of September, 1902. The Examination will be open to any Candidate whose application for admission to the Final Examination has been accepted by the Council, or who has passed the Intermediate Examination of the Institute. ‘I he Examination will extend over at least four days, and may be theoretical, practical, written and oral, and the syllabus will include the following :- Biological Chemistry, with special reference to the Chemistry and Bacteriology of Foods, I’l’ater, Sewage and Effluents, and the practical applications of Biological Chemistry to Industries. Candidates intending to enter for the Final Examination Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. in the Branch of Biological Chemistry are recommended to take (after passing the Intermediate Examination, or any Examination qualifying for admission to the Final) a course of study covering the following work: A course of forty to fifty lectures on the Morphology and Physiology of Micro- organisms. Practical work to include-(&) Microscopy, the preparation, staining, mounting, drawing and recognition of specimens; (b) the preparation and study of pure cuItures; (c) the conduct of fermentation experiments and the study of chemical changes brought about by bacteria, moulds, yeast, &c. View Article Online

Candidates presenting themselves in any Branch of the Final Examination are expected to possess a general knowledge of all branches of Chemistry in addition to a thorozigh knowledge of the particular Branch of Chemistry selected.

The next Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Microscopy, will be held on Saturday, 19th July. Any Fellow or Associate of the Institutewho is desirous of entering for this Examination is required to produce evidence, satisfactory to the Council, that he has been systematically engaged in the practice of the analysis of Food and Drugs for at least one year prior to his making application for admission to the Examination.

Associates elected prior to April, 1899,who can produce evidence satisfactory to the Council that they have been continuously engaged in the study and practical application

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. of Chemistry €or at least three years since their election to thn, Associateship, can obtain forms of application €or election to the Fellowship,

The dates of Council Meetings for the consideration of applications will be found on page 5. It will facilitate the business of the Institute if Candidates will forward their applications so that these may be received not less than ten days before the day fixed for the Council Meeting. View Article Online

Attention is directed to the list of revised Fees adopted by the Council in October last, and to be enforced in future in the cases to which they apply. Examination Fee for Fellowship. Fur any Candidate accepted for an Examination for s. the Fellowship after 1st January, 1902 ...... I0 I0 For each Examination of such Candidate after failure 2 2 Entrance Fee to the Fellowship. I. In the case of Associates elected as such prior to 1st January, 1898 :- (a) If elected Fellows prior to 31st December, ~go" 4 4 (b) If elected Fellows after 31st December, 1902 5 5 2. In the case of Associates elected as such after 1st January, 1898 :- (a) If elected Fellows prior to 31st December, 1905 4 4 (b) If elected Fellows after 31st December, 1905 5 5 3. For hTon-Aissociates:- (a) If accepted for Examination for Fellowship prior to 1st January, 1902, and elected before 31st December, 1902 ...... 44 (bj If elected without Examination after 1st January, 1902 ...... 55 Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Life Compositions. I. For Associates elected Fellows before 31st Decern- ber, 1905 ...... *.. ... 16 16 2. For Non-,issociates elected Fellows after 1st January, 1902 ...... *.. 21 0 3. For all persons elected Fellows after 31st Decern- ber, 1905 ...... 21 0 The Library is open for the use of Members every week- day between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m., except on Saturday afternooris and during Examinations. View Article Online

49 The President’s Address.

GENTLEMEX, According to our annual custom it becomes again my duty, on this occasion, to offer to you a few observations on matters connected with the objects and business of the Insti- tute. In the remarks which I addressed to you last year, I dwelt at some length on the position which the Institute had taken, and might still further take in regulating the courses of education for the special training of Chemists about to devote themselves to professional chemical work. This yeary the intermediate one in my Presidential office, I propose to confine myself to matters specially relating to tke general work of the Institute.

During the year, there have been added to the Register of Members the names of 56 Fellows and Associates, while the Institute has lost 20 Members by death and other causes. The roll of Members has therefore increased by 36. The Institute at the present time numbers 1,044Members, while there are 130 Students training at the various recognised Universities and Colleges. IVith such a marked increase in

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. the number of new Members it is satisfactory to notice that with but very few exceptions these have been admitted after Examination.

I deeply regret to report that we have lost, through death, some well-known and esteemed Fellows. The names are as follows :-Mr. Norman Leonard, Mr. F. W. NicKillop, Dr. G. Harris Morris, Dr. TV. Sedgwjck Saunders, Mr. Louis Siebold, Nlr. A. H. Smee, Mr. TV. Crowder, and one who, although not a member at the time of his death, I cannot omit to mention as one of our early members, who took a deep View Article Online

interest in the rise and progress of theihstitute, I refer to Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert. Mr. Frederick l$Tilliam McKillop died at the early age of 27. He received his training at Allan Glen’s School, and at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. He was elected an Associate of the Institute, after examination, in 1896, and a Fellow in 1899. In 1893 he became Works Chemist to Messrs. J. Townsend, Limited (Glasgow), and owing to his ability rose to the position of Il’orks Manager, which position he held until his death. nr. George Harris Morris, who died on 30th December last, at the early age of 43, after a yery brief illness, was born at Bristol, and began his career under our past President, Dr. IT. A. Tilden, at Clifton College. Proceeding to the University of lf’iirzburg, he graduated as Ph.D. He then acted as Demonstrator to Professor Tilden, at Mason College, Birmingham. Later, in conjunction with Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S., he made several important scientific investigations, including some valuable researches on the Diastase on Starch and on the Germination of Grasses. He was joint author with Dr. E. R. Moritz, F.I.C., of the well- known and highly valued work, ‘(A Text Book on Brewing,” and was editor to the BYewling Trde Revwit. He was also

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Lecturer on Bacteriology at the Jenner Institute of Preventive Medicine. The Science of Chemistry, and more especially that part relating to the Chemistry of Brewing, has suffered a severe loss in his death. Dr. William Sedgwick Saunders, who was for 27 years Public Analyst and Medical Officer of Health for the City of London, died at the age of 77. He was born in 1824, studied medicine at St. Thomas’s Hospital, and entered the Army as a Surgeon, serving in the TITest Indies and in North America. He then acted as Medical Officer to a Military Prison, and afterwards practised in London, subsequently becoming a. View Article Online

Public Servant under the Corpordtion of the City of London. Dr. Saunders was perhaps better known to the Medical World in connection with the various improvements he effected in regard to the sanitary conditions of the City, than to Chemists in his position as Public Analyst. He was elected a Fellow in 1887, and continued a Member until his death. In the death of Louis Siebold, the Institute has lost a Fellow variously distinguished, and one who filled many important positions. He was born in Germany in 1838, and studied Chemistry under the late Dr. Fresenius at JViesbaden. Coming to England, he became Assistant to Sir Henry E. Roscoe, then Professor at Owens College, Manchester. Mr. Siebold was a Pharmaceutical Chemist in that City for 15 years, and afterwards practised as a Consulting Chemist. Duiing this period he was also engaged in teaching Chemistry, Botany and Materia Medica. He held the positions of Public Analyst to the County of JVestmoreland and the Borough of Kendal. He was editor of the Year Book of Pharmacy for 26 years, and contributed many valuable papers to the Pharmaceutical Journal. Mr. Siebold died on September 14th at the age of 62. As a man, Mr. Siebold was warm-hearted and generous, and a true friend to those who knew him. A clear speaker and keen in intellect, he threw himself with enthusiasili into

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. all the work he undertook, encouraging all those with whom he came into contact. He was an original Member, being elected a Fellow in 1877. Mr. William Crowder, who was also one of our original Members, passed away at the age of p. He became a Laboratory Assistant at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, and then held the position of Chemist to the Highland and Agricultural Society. Later he practised as a Consulting Chemist in Newcastle for three years, and then for family reasons, emigrated to Natal where he stayed for twelve years. In 1873, on his return to London, he entered View Article Online

the Guano ‘IVorks (now known as the Anglo-Continental Works), at Tidal Basin, London, and held the position of Manager until his retirement in 1895. Owing to indifferent health, Mr. Crowder severed his connection with the Institute in December, 1898. Although not a member at the time of his death, Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert was one of the early members of the Institute. Sir Henry Gilbert was born at Hull in 1817. He began his University career in the old College in the High Street of Glasgow, where he studied chemistry in the laboratory of Dr. Thomas Thomson, then Professor of Chemistry in the Univer- sity, and where he first made the acquaintance of his great friend -Dr. Anthony Todd Thomson. He proceeded from Glasgow to University College, London, to attend the lectures of Pro- fessor Graham, and then to the University of Giessen, where he took his degree of Doctor of Philosophy. On returning to England he acted as Assistant to Dr. A. T. Thomson, who had accompanied Professor Graham to London. In 1843 he became associated with Mr. John Bennett Lawes, and assumed the direction of the chemical laboratory at the Kothampstead experimental station, Harpenden, an association which continued uninterruptedly till Sir John Lawes’ death in 1900. He was appointed Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy in the

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. University of Oxford, and held this chair for two periods from 1884 till 1890. During his career Sir Henry Gilbert held many positions of honour and received many distinctions. It is impossible in such an address as this to speak of Sir Henry Gilbert’s work in any detail, or to attempt in a short sentence to do justice to it. It will remain as a monument to him, and as a record of valuable, thorough and unselfish work, carried out for the benefit of his own and of succeeding generations.

Since March last, four Examinations in Chemistry have been held in the laboratories of the Institute : one Examination View Article Online

has been held in Biological Chemistry, and two Examina- tions in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy. For the Examinations in Chemistry, 85 Candidates presented themselves, 68 of whom passed ; and 37 Candidates presented themselves for the Examinations in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, of whom 27 were successful in obtaining the Special Certificate in these subjects. It will be noticed from this, that while the number of Candidates who were examined in Chemistry was less than that for 1900.1901,the percentage of Candidates who were successful was higher than that for last year, when 63 Candidates passed out of 94 examined. I do not consider that this indicates any lowering of the standard of our Examinations, but points to the fact which I myself have observed during the last few years, that the thoroughness of our Examinations is becoming more fully realised, and Professors are taking greater care that the Candidates are well prepared before they present themselves. You will, I think, agree with me that this is a most satisfactory condition of affairs. Our present Examiners are Dr. Bernard Dyer and Dr, W. Palmer Wynne, in Chemistry; Professor Adrian J. Brown, in Biological Chemistry, and these gentlemen lave as their Assistant, Mr. Julian L. Baker. In the place of

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Dr. Stevenson, the late Examiner in Therapeutics, Pharmz- cology and Microscopy, the Council appointed Dr. Arthur P. Luff, who has conducted the Examinations during the last year, and who has been assisted by hlr. William Chattaway- I am convinced that we could not place our Examinations in the hands of gentlemen more capable. ]Ye know that they are anxious for the welfare of the Institute, and we may rest assured that under their control the high standard of our Examinations will be maintained.

There are two further points with regard to the Examina- tions which are worthy of notice. View Article Online

The first Examination in Biological Chemistry-the new branch of the Final Examination-was held in October, when four Candidates presented themselves. The establishment of the Examination in this Branch is, to my mind, a matter of much importance to the Institute and to professional chemistry. In March, I 899, Professor Percy Frankland, at that time an Examiner, addressed a letter to the Council of the Institute, wherein he expressed the opinion that the subjects of water supply and sewage treatment were being more and more handled from the bacteriological, as well as from the chemical point of view, and that it behoved the Institute to consider in what way professional chemists could be encouraged to pursue the study of Bacteriology, so that there would not be a scarcity of professional chemists able to undertake this branch of investigation. More- over, it was considered most desirable to prevent the alienation of chemical work involving bacteriological knowledge, from the professional chemist. A Special Committee was appointed to consider the matter, and upon their recommendation the Council resolved to take the following steps :-(I) To add the subject of Bacteriology to the list of optional subjects, one of which must be taken by Students during training; (2) To extend the Syllabus of the Inter-

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. mediate Examination in so far as the use of the Microscope is concerned; and (3) To establish a new Branch of the Final Examination, especially suited to such as intend entering the practice of professional chemistry in its rela- tionship to the Chemistry and Bacteriology of Foods, Water, Sewage and effluents, and in the practical application of Biological Chemistry to Industries. The Council believe that considerable advantage would accrue to professional Chemists by the acquisition of a knowledge of Bacteriology. A great deal of bacteriological work has been done by Chemists and others, but much of it has been valueless owing to the absence View Article Online

of training, insufficient knowledge of biology, and unskilfulness in technique. It is hoped that the establishment of this new Branch of the Final Examination will in time secure for the community a class of persons well qualified to practise their profession in the direction of the important investigations it involves. In connection with this part of our Examinations I should like to mention the great assistance which has been given by Mr. Julian L. Baker, F.I.C., in superintending the purchase of the necessary apparatus and looking after the requirements for the conduct of the Examination. Secondly, I would mention that an Examination in Branch “E” of the Final Examination was held in Dublin in July last. The Examination was conducted in the Laboratories of the Royal University of Ireland, kindly lent to us by the Senate ; the supervision and general arrangements of the Examination being carried out by our Vice-president, Dr. Walter Adeney, to whom our grateful thanks are due. It is to be hoped that, as time goes on, Candidates in Ireland will take advantage of the facilities afforded by holding these Examinations in that part of the Kingdom, and thus enable the Council to make arrangements to examine regularly in that centre.

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. The standard of the Preliminary Examinations has again received attention, and the Council, after careful consideration, have struck off from the List of recognised Examinations the Junior and Second Class Examinations. It is the aim of the institute to elevate our Profession, and, with this end in view, it has been considered of the utmost importance that Candidates for Examination should, in the first place, possess a sound general education. The subjects which should be compulsory in the Preliminary Examination have been care- fully considered, more especially with regard to the question of languages. At present no definite decision has been arrived at; View Article Online

but, considering the position now taken up by some of our Universities, it is a matter to which the new Council will have to give its early and careful attention.

Certain new regulations with regard to candidates entering for the Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, have been made. Every Member now wishing to enter for this Examination must produce evidence, satisfactory to the Council, of having had at least one year's experience in the Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of Il'ater. The Council deem it necessary to make such a regulation, as a Candidate, taking the Final Examination in any Branch but '' E," say Mineral or Metallurgical Chemistry, could, formerly, within a few months of his election as an Associate, enter for the Special Examination, and on obtaining the Certificate, would become eligible, according to the literal meaning of the Regulations of the Local Government Board, for the position of Public Analyst. Although such a Candidate would doubt- less be a good Chemist, he might not possess to a sufficient extent, the special experience necessary for such a position. The Council feel sure that the Regulations for the Special Ex- amination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, are such as to guarantee that a Fellow or Associate holding

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. this Special Certificate of the Institute in these subjects, is qualified in every respect for the position.

The question of revising and determining the number and nature of the recognised Colleges and Schools in Great Britain and Ireland and abroad, has been under consideration, and a Sub-committee has been appointed to deal with this matter. That Committee has met, and will be able, at no distant date, to report to the Council on this question, which is one of considerable importance to the Institute. View Article Online

During the last year, action has been taken in regard to the practice of Local Authorities appointing Candidates to the combined office of Public Analyst and Medical Officer of Health. It gives me pleasure to state that this action has had some beneficial results, as in several instances where the two appointments were previously combined, the local authorities have now separated them. In spite of this, however, there are still some cases where the two appointments are held by the same person. The Local Government Board have stated that they do not encourage these combined appointments, and I think we have good grounds for hoping that with the co- operation of our Members, the action of the Council will be attended with still better results. In connection with this matter I would point out to those Members whose Students ask for Certificates in Chemistry as evidence of their competence for Public Analyst appointments, the grave responsibility that rests with them, and the 'discretion that should be exercised in granting such Certificates. Candidates who have received only a few months' experience in a Laboratory, cannot possibly have had the opportunity of receiving any real and systematic instruction, such as should be required for the position of Public Analyst, a position intimately connected with the safety and well-being of the

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. community. It must be borne in mind that the Diplomas of the Institute are accepted by the Local Government Board, and there can, I think, be little doubt that Certificates or Testimonials signed by Fellows will have considerable weight with that Board, and must therefore only be granted with extreme caution. The Council has from time to time where possible drawn the attention of Corporations and others to the question of proper remuneration and terms in connection with various appointments, and have made representations on the subject. These representations I would point out to our Members involve matters of considerable delicacy and difficulty, View Article Online

which are largely controlled by the individual action of Members themselves. It is difficult for the Authorities of the Institute to urge on such electing bodies the matter of fair remuneration for the services of skilled and competent men, unless they are supported in this direction by the individual Members.

The work of the Institute has grown so much in all directions during the last few years, that the duty of presiding at the Meetings of the various Committees has fallen some- what heavily on the shoulders of the President. To relieve this Officer, the Council appointed a special Chairman for each Committee, the President retaining the Chairmanship of the Nominations and Examinations Committee, on which the greater portion of the work falls. This arrangement has enabled the Council to benefit by the services, as Chairmen, of gentlemen more particularly interested in the special work of the Committee over which they preside, and has proved eminently satisfactory in carrying out the business of the Institute. I should like to take this opportunity of tendering my personal thanks to those Members who have relieved the President in this way during the past year.

The Library of the Institute continues to steadily pro-

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. gress, owing to the support accorded by the Members in presenting copies of their works. The Library, as might be expected, has been more used during the past year than heretofore, and with continued generous support, it will still further develop. I would draw your attention to the circum- stance that the Council have now decided to grant an annual sum of L15 for the purchase of scientific periodicals, which will still further encourage the use of the Library.

The financial position of the Institute is a sound one, as will have been seen from the Balance Sheet. It is View Article Online

needless for me to dwell upon the extremely able manner in which our Treasurer discharges his duties. We may congratulate ourselves upon having so able an officer, and may rest assured that in his hands the finances of the Institute will be well looked after. I have sometimes seen critical remarks attempting to show that the Institute is doing nothing for its Members, and only amassing money for itself. A brief consultation of the Balance Sheet will quickly correct this idea, and I think if any open-minded person notes the sums of money expended by our body in the conduct of its Examinations, that is, in the endeavour to obtain for the Institute the best of the Candidates who wish for Member- ship, it will be seen that it has not been hoarding money for in- vestment, but on the contrary, has been spending it in the best direction for the permanent advantage of our body as a whole, and thus, indirectly, of the individual Members. Certainly, I myself, and I have little doubt the Treasurer also, would gladly welcome a scientific ‘‘ Mr. Carnegie,” who would give us donations to be employed in still furthering this object.

With regard to improvements in the premises of the Institute, we have been able during the past year to introduce the electric light into the Offices, the Council Room, and

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. certain other rooms in the building. The question of further extending this light into the Laboratories is to receive the attention of the House Committee, and I trust we may be able to introduce it there, as it will greatly facilitate the carrying out of the Examinations.

The Dinner held at the Hotel Metropole in December last, must be counted among the most successful gatherings of the Institute. Besides affording an opportunity for our widely- distributed Members to come together for social intercourse, it brought before public notice the growing importance of View Article Online

the Institute. We were honoured by the presence of many distinguished guests, and the remarks of such men as Lord Reay and Mr. R. W. Wanbury, President of the Board of Agriculture, bore undoubted evidence to the high esteem in which the Institute is held and to the good work it has in hand.

The work of the Censors has been light, though the few matters which have come before them have received adequate attention. This, as I have before pointed out, appears to me to clearly indicate that the niiembers of the Institute more and more take a high view of professional responsibility, and that they are conscious that on the conduct of the individual member depends the integrity and welfare of the whole body.

There is one matter which the Council have asked me to mention. You are no doubt aware that under the provisions of Bye-law 33, any five Members of the Institute, not being Members of the Council, may nominate one person for election to the Council, and that of such nominations, if sent in, the Council are required to accept the three bearing the highest number of signatures. I do not intend to discuss, at the present moment, the advisa-

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. bility or non-advisability of such an arrangement, but I wish to point out to the Members that this is a privilege given to the general body of the Members, which should in no way be abused. Beyond the bare wording of the Bye-law, there is no direction that the initiation of such a nomination may not be undertaken by the nominee himself, nor that he may not personally canvass for his own nomination. However this may be, representation has been made to the Council that personal canvassing has taken place, and that such conduct is not dignified and is likely to be detrimental to the interests of the Institute. I fully appreciate this view, and I believe View Article Online

that it has the support of all Members who have the highest interests of the Institute at heart.

We lose from our Council this year several of our Fellows who have for long taken a deep interest in the Institute, and whose experience and advice has been of paramount advantage in the conduct of its affairs. I wish to take this opportunity of thanking, not only these gentlemen, but also the other Members of Council, for the kindness which they have invariably shown to me in the Chair, and for the valuable assistance they have given me during the past year.

I must also thank our Registrar, Mr. Pilcher, who I am glad to say has returned to us with a clean bill of health, for his help during the last year, and our Assistant Secretary, Mr. Carr, for the able manner in which he conducted the business of the Office in the absence of Mr. Pilcher.

I have heard sometimes-not very often-the expressions,

“ Of what use is the Institute ? ” ‘‘ What is it doing for us 1 ” Such questions, I fear, arise in the minds of those who think only of the purely personal and inimediate benefit

Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. which may be obtained from an organisation of this kind. I venture to think that there is a majority who look beyond this limited horizon and see the larger benefits which result from a movement such as the Institute of Chemistry has carried out. The Institute has bound together under its influence men who are engaged in the professional application of a Science which underlies almost every condition of our lives. Such men who till the founda- tion of the Institute had not been classed among any of the professions, now possess a distinct professional standing. It has also undertaken, and with success, the duty of seeing that View Article Online

the men who intend practising that profession in its highest aspects are thoroughly trained, and of regulating that training from time to time. It gives as the result of such training and of its Examinations a guarantee to the Candidate and to the public, that its Members are properly trained and competent men. We all know that University degrees may be obtained indicating a man's proficiency in one or other branch of learning; but we also know that degrees may be obtained indicating the attainment of a very high status in knowledge, without the full study of that particular subject which is the object of our professional work. If by the prescribed training and Examinations of our Institute we supply to the public such a guarantee, is not that by itself even a sufficient reason for our existence ? But we have more. The report for the past year shows that the efforts of the Council have been devoted not only to the educational and examinational objects of the Institute, but that considerable attention has been given to professional and other matters. I think that the record of this work of the Institute is in itself proof that we are doing a good work both in the interests of the public, and in the interests of the Fellows and Associates themselves.

The Cowicil look for the hearty co-operation of the Fellows and Associates in their endeavour to make the work of the Published on 01 January 1902. Downloaded by University of California - Santa Cruz 29/10/2014 09:26:13. Institute perfect in all its branches, and I am sure are ever ready and willing to receive suggestions for the futherance of the objects of the Charter under which we are incorporated.