Back Matter (PDF)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Back Matter (PDF) [ 387 ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s A, V ol. 194. A. Alloys of gold and aluminium (Heycock and Neville), 201. B. Bakerian Lecture (Tilden), 233. C. Chappuis (P.). See Habkeb and Chappuis. Children, association of defects in (Yule), 257. Cole (E. S.). See W obthinoton and Cole. Combinatorial analysis (MacMahon), 361. Conductivity of dilute solutions (W hetham), 321. E. Earthquake motion, propagation to great distances (Oldham), 135. G. Gold-aluminium alloys—melting-point curve (Heycock and Neville), 201. Gbindley (John H.). An Experimental Investigation of the Tliermo-dynamical Properties of Superheated Steam.—On the Cooling of Saturated Steam by Free Expansion, 1. H. Habkeb (J. A.) and Chapptjis (P.). A Comparison of Platinum and Gas Thermometers, including a Determination of the Boiling-point of Sulphur on the Nitrogen Scale, 37. Heycock (C. T.) and Neville (F. H.). Gold-aluminium alloys, 201. VOL. CXCIV.---- A 261. 3 D 2 388 INDEX. T. Impact with a liquid surface (W orthington and Cole), 175. Ionization of solutions at freezing point (W hetham), 321. L. Latin square problem (MacMahon), 361. M. MacMahon (P. A.). Combinatorial Analysis.—The Foundations of a New Theory, 361. Metals, specific heats of—relation to atomic weights (Tilden), 233. N. N eville (F. H.). See H eycock and N eville. O. Oldham (R. D.) On the Propagation of Earthquake Motion to Great Distances, 135. P. Perry (John). Appendix to Prof. Tilden’s Bakerian Lecture—Thermo-dynamics of a Solid, 250. R. Resistance coils—standardization o f; manganin as material for (Harker and Chappuis), 37. S. Splashes, produced by rough and smooth spheres, &c. (W orthington and Cole), 175. Statistics, association of attributes in (Yule), 257. Steam, saturated, cooling of by expansion (Grindley), 1. Steam, thermo-dynamical properties of superheated (Grindley), 1. Sulphur, boiling-point of (H arker and Chappuis), 37. T. Thermo-dynamics of a solid (Perry), 250. Thermometers—gas, platinum, and mercury compared (Harker and Chappuis), 37. Tilden (W. A.). The Specific Heats of Metals, and the Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight (Bakerian Lecture), 233. W. W hetham (W. C. D.). The Ionization of Dilute Solutions at the Freezing Point, 321. W orthington (A. M.) and Cole (R. S.). Impact with a Liquid Surface studied by the Aid of Instantaneous Photography. Paper II, 175. Y. Yule (G. U.). On the Association of Attributes in Statistics : with Illustrations from the Material of the Childhood Society, &c., 257. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S LANE, LONDON, W.C. THE ROYAL SOCIETY* 30th N ovember, 1899. THE ROYAL SOCIETY. Nov. 30,1800. H er S acred M a je st y QUEEN VICTORIA, P a t r o n . Date of Election. 1803. Feb. 12. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G. 1882. Mar. 16. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF SAXE COBURG AND GOTHA, K.G. 1893. June 8. IDS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK, K.G. THE COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. ■ r o Q O f THE LORD LISTER, F.R.C.S., D.C.L., LL.D.—P resident. ALFRED BRAY KKMPE, M.A.—T reasurer and HANS FRIEDRICH GADOW, Ph.D. V ice-P resident. PROF. WILLIAM DOBINSON HALLIBURTON, SIR MICHAEL FOSTER, K.C.B., D.C.L.,LL.D.- M.D. S ecretary. PROF. WILLIAM ABBOTT HERDMAN, D.Sc. PROF. ARTHUR WILLIAM RUCKER, M.A., SIR ANDREW NOBLE, K.C.B.—V ice-P resident. D.Sc.—S ecretary. PROF. ARNOLD WILLIAM REINOLD, M.A. THOMAS EDWARD THORPE, Sc.D., LL.D.— GEORGE JOHNSTONE STONEY, D.Sc.—V ice- F oreign S ecretary. P resident. HORACE T. BROWN, F.C.S. GEORGE JAMES SYMONS, F.R.M et.S oc. JAMES BRYCE, D.C.L. J. J. H. TEALL, M.A. CAPTAIN ETTRICK WILLIAM CREAK, R.N. PROF. JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, M.A. PROF. JAMES DEWAR, M.A.—V ice-President. PROF. EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR, D.C.L. PROF. EDWIN BAILEY ELLIOTT, M.A. SIR SAMUEL WILKS, B art., M.D. This Council will continue till November 30, 1900. * Assistant-Secretary and Librarian. ROBERT HARRISON. Cleric. Assistant Librarian. THEODORE E. JAMES. A. HASTINGS WHITE. Papers Cleric. RICHARD CHAPMAN. Omissions having occasionally occurred in the Annual List of Deceased Fellows, as announced from the Chair at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society, it is requested that any information on that subject, as also Notice of Changes of Residence, be addressed to the Assistant Secretary. FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY. NOVEMBER 30, 1899. (C) prefixed to a name indicates the award of the Copley Medal. (?) •• •• •• •• •• .. Eoyal Medal. (Em) Kumford Medal. (D) Davy Medal. (Dw.) Darwin Medal. (B) Buchanan Medal, (t) is liable to an annual payment of £4. (*) ................... .. £3. Served on Date of Election. Council. June 7,1860. ’67-69 E- f Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus. Bart., K.C.B. D.C.L. (Oxon.) D.Sc. (Camb.) V.P.C.S. ’77-79 V.P.S. Arts.; Hon. Mem. Inst. C.E., Inst. M.E.; Ord. Imp. Bras. Rosae Eq.; Hon. Mem. Deutsch. Chem. Gesell.j Mem. Soc. d’Encourag. Paris; Sec. and Director of the Imperial Institute. 2 S.W.; Imperial Institute, Imperial Institute-road. S.W. June 1, 1876. ’83-85 Rm. Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Capt. R.E. C.B. D.C.L. (Dunelm.) F.I.C. F.C.S. ’91-93 F.R.A.S., Principal Assistant Secretary of the Science and Art Department. RathmoreLodge, Bolton-gardens South, Lari’s Court, S.W.; and Athenaeum Club. S.W. Jan. 21, 1847. 58-59 Acland, Sir Henry Wentworth Dyke, Bart., K.C.B. A.M. M.D. LL.D. (Cantab.) F.R.G.S.; Coll.Reg. Med. Soc.; Hon. Student of Ch. Ch.; Radcliffe Librarian and late Reg.Prof. ofMedicineinthe U niversity of Oxford. Broad-street, Oxford. June 6,1872. ’82-84 Adams, William Grylls, M.A. D.Sc. F.G.S. F.C.P.S. Vice-President of Physical ’96-98 Soc.; Past Pres. Inst. Elec. Eng.; Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King’s College, London. 43 Campden-hill-square. W. June 6, 1889. * Aitken, John, F.R.S.E. Ardenlea, Falkirk. N.B. June 3, 1880. ’96-98 * Allbutt, Thomas Clifford, M.A. M.D. LL.D. F.L.S. Regius Professor of Physic in the University of Cambridge. St. Radegund’s, Cambridge. June 12, 1884. * Allman, George Johnston, LL.D. (Dubl.) D.Sc. Emeritus Professor of Mathe­ matics in Queen’s College, Galway; Member of Senate of the Royal Uni­ versity of Ireland. St. Mary’s, Galway. June 12, 1879. Anderson, John, M.D. LL.D. (Edin.) F.R.S.E. F.S.A. F.L.S. F.Z.S. Late Superin­ tendent, Indian Museum, and Professor of Comparative Anatomy in the Medical College, Calcutta. 71 Harrington-gardens. S.W. June 7, 1888. * Andrews, Thomas, F.R.S.E. F.C.S. Mem. Inst. C.E., Telford Medallist and Prize­ man. Ravencrag , Wortley, near Sheffield. June 19, 1851. ’55-56 f Argyll, George Douglas Campbell, Duke of, K.G. K.T. D.C.L. (Oxon.) LL.D. ’83-84 (Camb.) Trust. Brit. Mus.; Hon. V.P.R.S. Edin.; F.G.S. A rgyll Lodge, Ken­ sington, W .; and Inverary Castle, Argyleshire. June 1, 1876. ’88-90 f Armstrong, Henry Edward, Ph.D. (Lips.) LL.D. (St. Andr.) Past Pres. Chem. Soc. Professor of Chemistry at the City and Guilds of London Central Institute, South Kensington; Hon. Mem. Pharm. Soc. Lond. 55 Granville- parky Lewisham. S.E.; and Athenaeum Club. S.W. May 7, 1846. ’61-62 Armstrong, William George, Lord, C.B. D.C.L. (Oxon.) LL.D. (Cantab.) M.E. (Dubl.) Ord.SSrum* Maur. et Lazar. Ital. Gr. Off.; Ord. Dannebrog et Ord. Jes. Christ Portog. Com.; Ord. Fr. Jos. Austriae, Ord. Car. III. Hisp. et Ord. Imp. Bras. Rosae Eq. Athenaeum Club; Cragside, Rothbury; and Newcastle- upon-Tyne. 6 FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY. (Nov. 30, 1899.) Served on Date of Election. Council. Jane 3, 1880. * Attfield, J ohn, M.A. Pk.D. (Tub.) F.I.C. F.C.S. Late Professor of Practical Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Hon. Mem. Amer. Pharm. Assoc., Colls. Pharm. Philad., New York, Mass., Chic., Ontario, and Pharm. Assocs. Liverp., Manch., Maryland, Virg., Georgia, New Hampshire, and Quebec; Hon. Corresp. Mem. Soc. Pharm. Paris; Hon. Mem. Pharm. Soc. Gr, Brit., New South Wales, St. Petersb., Austria, Denmark, East Flanders. Switzerland, Queensland, and Australasia. , Watford; and 111 Temple-chambers. E.C. June 2, 1881. ’89-91 * Ayrton, William Edward, Past Pres. Phys. Soc. and Inst. Elect. Eng.; Pro­ fessor of Electrical Engineering in the Central Technical College of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Exliibition-road. S.W.; and 41 Kensington Park Gardens. W. June 4, 1885. * Baird, Andrew Wilson, Colonel, RE. C.S.I. Elgin. N.B.; and East India United Service Club. S.W. June 5, 1890. ’92-93 Baker, Sir Benjamin, K.C.M.G. LL.D. M.E. (Dubl.) Mem. Inst. C.E.; Hon. Mem. Amer. Soc. Meehan. Engs., Soc of Engs., and Mane. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 2 Queen-square-place, Queen Anne's Westminster; and Athenceum Club. S.W. June 9, 1898. * Baker, Henry Frederick, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Mathematics. 4 , 1 rumpington-road, Cambridge. June 6,1878. ’83-84 f Baker, John Gilbert, F.L.S. Late Keeper of the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. 3 Cumberland-road, Kew. Jan. 12,1888. f Balfour, Right Hon. Arthur James, D.C.L. 10 Downing-street, S.W.; and Whittinghame, Prestonkirk.
Recommended publications
  • Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary
    ^'U y M.j^ 3//4rf/l c/ >}% '' AS122 M3P72 * FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MEMOIRS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE MANCHESTER LITERARY & PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. [ '" CENTRA' MEMOIRS' Al^tb PROCEEDINGS OF s , THE MANCHESTER LITERARY & PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY FOURTH SERIES SECOND VOLUME MANCHESTER 36 GEORGE STREET NOTE. The authors of the several papers contained in this volume are themselves accountable for all the statements and reasonings which they have offered. In these particulars the Society must not be considered as in any way responsible. CONTENTS MEMOIRS. PAOE Incompleteness of Combustion in Gaseous Explosions. By Prof. Harold B. Dixon, F.R.S.,and H. W. Smith, B.8c 2 A Decade of new Hymenoptera. By P. Cameron, F.E.S. Communi- cated by John Boyd, Esq II A New System of Logical Notation. By Joseph John Murphy. Communicated by the Rev. Robert Harley, M,A., F.R.S., Corresponding Member ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 22 Notes on Some of the Peculiar Properties of Glass. By William Thomson, F.R.S.Ed,, F.I.C., F.C.S. 42 On the British Species of Allolrina, with descriptions of other new species of Parasitic Cynipidiz. By P. Cameron. Communicated by John Boyd, Esq 53 On the unification in the measure of time, with special reference to the contest on the initial meridian. By C. Tondini de Quarenghi. Communicated by F. J. Faraday, F.L.S 74 Hytnenoptera Orientalis ; or Contributions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. Cameron. Communicated by John Boyd, Esq o I On the equation to the Instantaneous Surface generated by the dissolution of an Isotropic Solid.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophical Transactions, »
    INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, » S e r ie s A, FOR THE YEAR 1898 (VOL. 191). A. Absorption, Change of, produced by Fluorescence (B urke), 87. Aneroid Barometers, Experiments on.—Elastic After-effect; Secular Change; Influence of Temperature (Chree), 441. B. Bolometer, Surface, Construction of (Petavel), 501. Brilliancy, Intrinsic, Law of Variation of, with Temperature (Petavel), 501. Burke (John). On the Change of Absorption produced by Fluorescence, 87. C. Chree (C.). Experiments on Aneroid Barometers at Kew Observatory, and their Discussion, 441. Correlation and Variation, Influence of Random Selection on (Pearson and Filon), 229. Crystals, Thermal Expansion Coefficients, by an Interference Method (Tutton), 313. D. Differential Equations of the Second Order, &c., Memoir on the Integration of; Characteristic Invariant of (Forsyth), 1. 526 INDEX. E. Electric Filters, Testing Efficiency of; Dielectrifying Power of (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electricity, Diffusion of, from Carbonic Acid Gas to Air; Communication of, from Electrified Steam to Air (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrification of Air by Water Jet, Electrified Needle Points, Electrified Flame, &c., at Different Air-pressures; at Different Electrifying Potentials; Loss of Electrification (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrolytic Cells, Construction and Calibration of (Veley and Manley), 365. Emissivity of Platinum in Air and other Gases (Petavel), 501. Equations, Laplace's and other, Some New Solutions of, in Mathematical Physics (Forsyth), 1. Evolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory o f; Influence of Random Selection on the Differentiation of Local Races (Pearson and Filon), 229. F. Filon (L. N. G.) and Pearson (Karl). Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution.—IV. On the Probable Errors of Frequency Constants and on the Influence of Random Selection on Variation and Correlation, 229.
    [Show full text]
  • Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
    Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace
    Search | Glossary | Home << previous | next > > Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace The genius of Darwin (left), the way in which he suddenly turned all of biology upside down in 1859 with the publication of the Origin of Species , can sometimes give the misleading impression that the theory of evolution sprang from his forehead fully formed without any precedent in scientific history. But as earlier chapters in this history have shown, the raw material for Darwin's theory had been known for decades. Geologists and paleontologists had made a compelling case that life had been on Earth for a long time, that it had changed over that time, and that many species had become extinct. At the same time, embryologists and other naturalists studying living animals in the early 1800s had discovered, sometimes unwittingly, much of the A visit to the Galapagos Islands in 1835 helped Darwin best evidence for Darwin's formulate his ideas on natural selection. He found theory. several species of finch adapted to different environmental niches. The finches also differed in beak shape, food source, and how food was captured. Pre-Darwinian ideas about evolution It was Darwin's genius both to show how all this evidence favored the evolution of species from a common ancestor and to offer a plausible mechanism by which life might evolve. Lamarck and others had promoted evolutionary theories, but in order to explain just how life changed, they depended on speculation. Typically, they claimed that evolution was guided by some long-term trend. Lamarck, for example, thought that life strove over time to rise from simple single-celled forms to complex ones.
    [Show full text]
  • The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886
    The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 Sascha Nolden, Simon Nathan & Esme Mildenhall Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H November 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright Simon Nathan & Sascha Nolden, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H ISBN 978-1-877480-29-4 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) We gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust which has provided financial support for this project. This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Nolden, S.; Nathan, S.; Mildenhall, E. 2013: The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886. Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H. 219 pages. The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Sumner Cave controversy Sources of the Haast-Hooker correspondence Transcription and presentation of the letters Acknowledgements References Calendar of Letters 8 Transcriptions of the Haast-Hooker letters 12 Appendix 1: Undated letter (fragment), ca 1867 208 Appendix 2: Obituary for Sir Julius von Haast 209 Appendix 3: Biographical register of names mentioned in the correspondence 213 Figures Figure 1: Photographs
    [Show full text]
  • BC2 FRONT COVER REV4.Indd
    The Historical Development and Significance of the Haber Bosch Process By David E. Kissel A review of key scientific discoveries in the mid 1800s on the role of N in crop production, and the later research in the early 20th century of scientists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch that made N fertilizer production possible. Dr. Kissel draws from several sources for this historical assessment that links N supply with social change and security—especially from the book by Vaclav Smil entitled “Enriching the Earth” as well as “The Alchemy of Air” by Thomas Hager. oday we in agriculture take for granted the importance of the production and ready availability of N fertilizer. But Taround 175 years ago, a group of scientists in Europe were involved in a scientifi c debate over how important am- monium and nitrate forms of N were for the growth of plants, and whether N fertilizers were needed at all. By 1836, the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Boussingault had summarized fi eld experiments on manuring, crop rotation, and sources of N. He concluded that N was a major component of plants. An important question in 1840 was whether plants could get all of the N they needed from the soil and from the air. The great German chemist Justus von Liebig had concluded that soil and atmospheric ammonia supplied enough N for the needs of crops, but this conclusion was wrong. Scientists at the time who found the right answer to these questions were John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert, who showed clearly at Rothamsted, England that addition of N fertilizers greatly nations were going to feed themselves in the coming 20th increased yields of wheat.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Print and Its Problems During the Late Nineteenth Century
    Hist. Sci., xlviii (2010) SERIALITY AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: SCIENTIFIC PRINT AND ITS PROBLEMS DURING THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Alex Csiszar Harvard University “I have been hunting every where in vain for Godron”, reported Joseph Dalton Hooker to Charles Darwin in March 1855, “I shall not rest till I have ferretted it out”. Hooker was referring not to a person, nor to a plant specimen that might have been in the Herbarium at Kew Gardens, but to a mislaid text.1 Darwin had sought Hooker’s guidance after stumbling on a footnote in a collection of botanical memoirs; it referred to a work called “De l’espèce et des races” by someone named Godron. Such a title alone might have been enough to attract his attention, but the footnote also implied that this work reported on several instances of variations in pear seeds derived from a single parent. Darwin had become intrigued; having worked out a great deal of his theory of natural selection by 1855, he was keen not only to gather more evidence, but also to gauge the progress of scientific opinion on the variation of species in general, especially as he looked forward to begin drafting his “species book”. Darwin jotted down the title in his “Books to be Read” notebook. But before he could read it, Darwin would need to findit. 2 The techniques and tools scientists have used to seek out and sort scientific informa- tion in print comprise a significant, though largely unexplored, domain of practice for historians of modern science. The methods used by Darwin and his contemporaries for locating relevant print sources were — as they would continue to be — varied, complex, and often serendipitous; they might sometimes involve consulting indexes and catalogues, but they also included trawling the contents of serials and titles of monographs on the shelves of personal and institutional libraries, following the trail of footnotes and lists of references, and (perhaps most importantly) corresponding with colleagues, booksellers, and friends for guidance, new leads, and off-the-cuff reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Cavendish the Experimental Life
    Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Klaus Thoden, Dirk Wintergrün. The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publi- cation initiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines traditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the open-access publications of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initiatives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, and at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. Cavendish The Experimental Life Revised Second Edition Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach Studies 7 Studies 7 Communicated by Jed Z. Buchwald Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Georg Pflanz, Bendix Düker, Caroline Frank, Beatrice Hermann, Beatrice Hilke Image Processing: Digitization Group of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Cover Image: Chemical Laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Inscriptions on the Investigator Tree on Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpentaria
    REVISITING INSCRIPTIONS ON THE INVESTIGATOR TREE ON SWEERS ISLAND, GULF OF CARPENTARIA COLLINS, S. J.1, MATE, G.2,1 & ULM, S.1,3 The Investigator Tree, so named after Matthew Flinders’ ship HMS Investigator, is an inscribed tree currently on display in the Queensland Museum. Before being accessioned into the Queensland Museum’s collection in 1889, the Investigator Tree grew on the western shore of Sweers Island in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. The tree’s “Investigator” inscription, attributed to Flinders (1802), provided the catalyst for future and varied forms of European inscription making on Sweers Island, including a contentious additional “Investigator” inscription on the Investigator Tree carved by Thomas Baines in 1856. Previous researchers have speculated that Baines’ second “Investigator” inscription has caused the faded original “Investigator” inscription to be misinterpreted as either a Chinese or Dutch inscription predating Flinders’ visit to Sweers Island. For the first time, this study undertakes a physical examination of all markings on the Investigator Tree, including a second portion of the tree located at the Queensland Museum since 2009. In com­ bination with a review of the archival and historical record, findings provide alternative interpretations regarding the (28) inscriptions to address outstanding questions. Archival documents demonstrate that there were at least three inscribed trees on Sweers Island. This paper also revisits the possibility of there once being pre­Flinders inscriptions on the Investigator
    [Show full text]
  • Kew Observatory and the Evolution of Victorian Science, 1840–1910
    introduction Kew Observatory, Victorian Science, and the “Observatory Sciences” One more recent instance of the operations of this Society in this respect I may mention, in addition to those I have slightly enumerated. I mean the important accession to the means of this Society of a fixed position, a place for deposit, regula- tion, and comparison of instruments, and for many more purposes than I could name, perhaps even more than are yet contemplated, in the Observatory at Kew. Address by Lord Francis Egerton to British Association for the Advancement of Science, June 1842 When in 1842 Lord Egerton, president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), announced the association’s acquisition of Kew Observatory (figure I.1), he heralded the inaugura- tion of what would become one of the major institutions of nineteenth- century British—indeed international—science. Originally built as a pri- vate observatory for King George III and long in a moribund state, after 1842 the Kew building would, as Egerton predicted, become a multi- functional observatory, put to more purposes than were even imagined in 1842. It became distinguished in several sciences: geomagnetism, me- teorology, solar astronomy, and standardization—the latter term being used in this book to refer to testing scientific instruments and develop- ing prototypes of instruments to be used elsewhere, as well as establish- ing and refining constants and standards of measurement. Many of the major figures in the physical sciences of the nineteenth century were in some way involved with Kew Observatory. For the first twenty months of the twentieth century, Kew was the site of the National Physical Labora- 3 © 2018 University of Pittsburgh Press.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Henri Victor Regnault in the Arts and Sciences
    International Journal of Arts & Sciences, CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934 :: 4(13):377–400 (2011) Copyright c 2011 by InternationalJournal.org THE LEGACY OF HENRI VICTOR REGNAULT IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES Sébastien Poncet Laboratoire M2P2, France Laurie Dahlberg Bard College Annandale, USA The 21 st of July 2010 marked the bicentennial of the birth of Henri Victor Regnault, a famous French chemist and physicist and a pioneer of paper photography. During his lifetime, he received many honours and distinctions for his invaluable scientific contributions, especially to experimental thermodynamics. Colleague of the celebrated chemist Louis-Joseph Gay- Lussac (1778-1850) at the École des Mines and mentor of William Thomson (1824-1907) at the École Polytechnique, he is nowadays conspicuously absent from all the textbooks and reviews (Hertz, 2004) dealing with thermodynamics. This paper is thus the opportunity to recall his major contributions to the field of experimental thermodynamics but also to the nascent field, in those days, of organic chemistry. Avid amateur of photography, he devoted more than twenty years of his life to his second passion. Having initially taken up photography in the 1840s as a potential tool for scientific research, he ultimately made many more photographs for artistic and self-expressive purposes than scientific ones. He was a founding member of the Société Héliographique in 1851 and of the Société Française de Photographie in 1854. Like his scientific work, his photography was quickly forgotten upon his death, but has begun to attract new respect and recognition. Keywords: Henri Victor Regnault, Organic chemistry, Thermodynamics, Paper photography. INTRODUCTION Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878) (see Figures 1a & 1b) was undoubtedly one of the great figures of thermodynamics of all time.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS (A) FOR THE YEAR 1894. A. Arc spectrum of electrolytic ,iron on the photographic, 983 (see Lockyer). B. Bakerian L ecture.—On the Relations between the Viscosity (Internal 1 riction) of Liquids and then Chemical Nature, 397 (see T iiorpe and R odger). Bessemer process, the spectroscopic phenomena and thermo-chemistry of the, 1041 IIarimo). C. Capstick (J. W.). On the Ratio of the Specific Heats of the Paraffins, and their Monohalogei.. Derivatives, 1. Carbon dioxide, on the specific heat of, at constant volume, 943 (sec ). Carbon dioxide, the specific heat of, as a function of temperatuie, ddl (mo I j . , , Crystals, an instrument of precision for producing monochromatic light of any desire. ua\e- eng », * its use in the investigation of the optical properties of, did (see it MDCCCXCIV.— A. ^ <'rystals of artificial preparations, an instrument for grinding section-plates and prisms of, 887 (see Tutton). Cubic surface, on a special form of the general equation of a, and on a diagram representing the twenty- seven lines on the surface, 37 (see Taylor). •Cables, on plane, 247 (see Scott). D. D unkeelky (S.). On the Whirling and Vibration of Shafts, 279. Dynamical theory of the electric and luminifei’ous medium, a, 719 (see Larmor). E. Eclipse of the sun, April 16, 1893, preliminary report on the results obtained with the prismatic cameras during the total, 711 (see Lockyer). Electric and luminiferous medium, a dynamical theory of the, 719 (see Larmor). Electrolytic iron, on the photographic arc spectrum of, 983 (see Lockyer). Equation of the general cubic surface, 37 (see Taylor).
    [Show full text]