International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153

Flora of Outer hills of Kashmir Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir State) – Family

B. L. Bhellum and Rani Magotra*

Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kathua-184101, J & K, India * Department of Botany, University of Jammu- 180 006, India

Abstract- The paper provides enumeration and description 14 reduced to solitary specimen. While collecting the genera and 30 of family Scrophulariaceae from outer specimens field numbers were allotted and relevant data about hills of Kashmir Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir State. A key to the plant was recorded in the field book. The specimens were the genera is given in order to differentiate them from each other. carried to the Laboratory in the polythene bags, ruck-sacks or in All the genera and species within each are arranged in plant press depending upon the length of trip and distance of the alphabetical order. The description of each species is followed by place of collection. The collected were pressed in the in the place of their occurrence and approximate elevation where wooden press wrapped in blotters. These specimens are changed the species grows. frequently to reduce the discoloration of foliage and flowers and to avoid rotting. The dried specimens were mounted on the Index Terms- flora, scrophulariaceae, outer hills, kashmir Herbarium sheets. Printed labels were pasted and relevant data himalayas, J & K, India. was entered. These specimens were identified with the help of taxonomic literature. I. INTRODUCTION crophulariceae is one of the largest and most widely III. KEY TO THE GENERA S distributed family and best represented in the outer hills of 1. + Number of stamens 2 or 4------2 Kashmir Himalayas. Plants are usually herbs abounding banks of Number of stamens 5 ------12. Verbascum rivulets, moist places, sandy situations and alpine meadows. 2. + stamens 2 (Lindernia has 2 staminodes also)------3 Some of these species have been brought under cultivation - Stamens 4 ------5 because of their possession of pretty attractive variety of colours 3. + Calyx 4-lobed; corolla tube very short ------13. Veronica such as genus Digitalis, Mimulus, Pedicularis etc. Picrorhiza - Calyx 5-lobed; corolla tube longer than calyx ------4 kurrooa Royle ex Benth. is a well known species of this region 4. + Leaves 7- 15 cm long teeth coarsely toothed ------6 which is popular for medicinal value, locally used for a variety of - Leaves 1- 3.5 cm, teeth faintly pointed ------7. Lindernia ailments, however, some of the other species are also 5. + Flowers upto 1 cm long ------14. Wulfenia conspicuous on account of their medicinal value. Genus - Flowers upto 5 cm long------2. Digitalis Veronica is represented as a highly diversified in this area. The 6. + Corolla distinctly 2-lipped------7 genera represented by one or two species in this region are - Corolla not 2-lipped ------13 Antirrhinum, Euphrasia, Kickxia, Lathraea, Pickrorhiza, and 7. + Flowers yellow ------8 Verbascum. - Flowers blue, pink or purple ------10 Perusal of floristic literature reveals that this area has been 8. + Corolla tube spurred at base ------4. Kickxia explored by Royle (1833- 39), Hooker (1872- 1897), Pennell - Corolla tube not spurred at base ------9 (1943), Stewart (1972) and Sharma and Kachroo (1981). The 9. + Leaf margin dentate; upper lip of corolla not beaked ------present authors have confined their study of Euphorbiaceae to the - 6. Lindenbergia outer hills of Kashmir Himalayas. - Leaf margin pinnatifid; upper lip of corolla long beaked------10. Pedicularis II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10. + Calyx 4-lobed------3. Euphorasia Plant explorations were carried out in different seasons of the - Calyx 5-lobed------11 year at some selected sites in the outer hills of Kashmir 11. + Calyx tube prominently keeled------9. Mimulus Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir. This paper is based on the - Calyx tube not keeled ------12 collection of angiosperm flora in general and species of family 12. + Corolla saccate or spurred at base ------1. Antirrhinum Scrophulariaceae. The forays of two different types were - Corolla not saccate or spurred ------8. Mazus undertaken round the year, the collection trips to distant places 13. + Leaves pinnatisect, 5- 7 mm broad ------5. Leptorhabdos were of the duration of 3- 7 days. In between, brief trips of 1- 2 - Leaves pinnatisect, 10- 30 mm broad ------11. Scrophularia days durations were executed along or in the company of one or more helpers. In this way, it was possible to raise the collections IV. TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES from the different parts of the area of study. In the first year the 1. ANTIRRHINUM collections were massive and in the subsequent years they

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Antirrhinum orontium L., Sp. Pl. 617. 1753; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Leptorhabdos parviflora (Benth.) Benth., in DC., Prodr. 10: 510. Ind. 4: 253. 1883; Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Monog. 5: 61. 1846; Stewart, Ann. Cata. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 650. 1913; Ann. Cata. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 646. 1972. 1972. Annual, erect, glandular-hairy herbs; leaves subsessile, basal Erect, nearly glabrous herbs; stem 30-90 cm tall, branched; leaves opposite, cauline leaf linear, oblong-lanceolate, 1.7-5 x leaves sessile, basal opposite, cauline alternate, 2.5-7.5 x 0.5 – 0.2 – 0.3 cm, margin often entire, recurved; flowers solitary 0.7 cm, pinnatisect, segments linear, toothed or entire; axillary or racemed, rose-purple or white – purple; calyx 5-lobed, inflorescence raceme; flowers zygomorphic, bisexual, light-pink; lobes linear, longer than corolla, green; corolla bilipped, white – calyx bell-shaped, 5- toothed; corolla tube short, limb 5- lobed, purple or rose purple, hairs glandular, saccate or spurred at base; lobes nearly equal; stamens 4, didyanamous, anthers free, cells stamens 4, didynamous, epidetalous, attached at base, filaments perfect; style long, stigma minute; capsule oblong flattened, glabrous, anther cells distinct, yellow; style filiform, hairy, enclosed in calyx; seeds 2-4 per capsule. stigma bilobed; capsule ovoid, globose, beaked, hairs glandular; 6. LINDENBERGIA seeds compressed, minute, 5-8 mm long. Lindenbergia macrostachya (Benth.) Benth., Scroph. Ind. 22. Rare on sandy soil and dry situations at Ramsu and Ramban. 1835; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 262. 1884; Penn., Acad. Nat. Specmens collected from Ramban (580 m). Sci. Monog. 5: 35. 1943. 2. DIGITALIS Perennial, glabrous or pubescent herbs; stem robust, erect, 60- Digitalis purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 621. 1753; Stewart, Ann. Cata. 100 cm tall; leaves ovate or oblong- lancelate, 2.5 – 7.5 x 1.2 – Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 647. 1972. 2.5 cm, apex acuminate, margin serrate, glabrous; inflorescence Annual herbs; stem upto 1 m tall, usually branched; radical rigid spikes; flowers zygomorphic, bisexual, bright yellow; leaves long stalked, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, cauline leaves bracts longer than calyx; calyx bell – shaped, 5- lobed, lobes subsessile, gradually reducing in size towards apex; inflorescene short, acute, patently hairy, glandular; corolla bilipped, tube raceme ; flowers pendulous, zygomorphic, bisexual, white tinged short, cylindric, glandular hairy outside, upper lip bilobed, purple-pink, upto 5 cm long; calyx 5- lobed, lobes broadly ovate; recurved, not beaked, lower lip trilobed, larger with two corolla bilipped, white, tinged purple-pink; stamens 5; style prominent folds at base; stamens 4, didynamous, included, anther persistent; capsule ovoid, exceeding the calyx in length. cells 2, separate ; ovary hairy, style slender , stigma bilobed; 3. EUPHORASIA capsule ovoid. Euphrasia simplex D. Don, Prodr. 95. 1815; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. A stiff, perennial herb inhabiting rock crevices at Assar (950 Ind. 4: 305. 1884. m). Annual, erect herbs; stem 10-30 cm tall, pubescent or 7. LINDERNIA glandular; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, 0.5-1.5 cm long, Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell., Cens. Austral. Pl. 97. 1882; margin sharply toothed; inflorescence terminal spikes; flowers Penn., Scroph. W. Himal. 29. 1943. zygomorphic, white or lilac tinged yellow at throat; bracts leaf- Erect or diffuse glabrous herb; stem branched, 10-45 cm tall; like; calyx tubular, 4-lobed, green; corolla bilipped, tube leaves shortly stalked, broadly ovate, 0.5 – 1.2 cm long. Margin cylindric, longer than calyx, upper lip erect, bilobed, lower crenate; flowers solitary axillary, zygomorphic, bisexual, purple spreading, trilobed, lobes usually notched; stamens 4, in unequal or red; calyx 5- lobed ; corolla bilipped, tube cylinderic, longer pairs, anthers bithecous, hairy, style long, stigma minute, capitate than calyx, upper lip erect, notched, lower lip trilobed, broad, ; capsule flattened, as long as calyx. spreading; stamens 4, didynamous, anthers cohering in pairs; Abundant on open, grassy slopes at Machial, Paristan, Alinwas style curved, stigma flat bilobed; capsule ovoid, about equaling and Atholi. Specimens collected from Machail (3, 500 m). or shorter than calyx. 4. KICKXIA Lindernia nummularifolia (D. Don) Wettst. in Engler & Prantl. Kickxia ramossima (Wall.) Janchen in Ost. Bot Zeitschr. 82: 152. Pflanzenf. 4: (3b): 79. 1891; Saldanha in Fl. Hassan Dist. 522. 1933; Stewart, Ann. Cata. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 649. 1976. 1972. Linaria ramosissima Wall. Ic. 1830- 1832; Hooker f., Fl. Annual herbs; stem simple or branched, quadrangular, Brit. Ind. 4: 251. 1883. creeping, often rooting from nodes, hairy on angles; leaves Perennial herbs; stem much branched, solid, green; leaves sessile, rounded – orbicular, 5-10 mm across, base subcordate; alternate, triangular, upto 3.5 cm long, base hastate, apex acute, flower terminal, sessile clusters, zygomorphic, bisexual; calyx 5- glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescence raceme; flowers segmented, segments linear, lanceolates; corolla bilipped, white, pedicellate, pedicel 1.5 cm long, decurved, zygomorphic, upper lip brown, lower lip with purplish centre; perfect stamens 4 bisexual, yellow; sepals 5, green, margin scarious, persistent; ; capsule 10 mm long, almost twice as long as calyx, cylindric. corolla bilipped, yellow, spurred at base, tube tinged pink, upper Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bih. Oriss. 635. lip bilobbed, lower trilobed ; stamens 4, free, in equal pairs, 1922. Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Monog. 5; 31. 1943. filaments filiform, yellow, hairy, anthers bithecous; ovary Annual, erect or decumbent-ascending herbs; stem branched superior, bicarpellary syncarpous, style short, stigma capitate; from base, quadrangular, glabrous; leaves sessile, ovate, capsule globular, seeds many, minute. lanceolate, 5-12 x 2-6 mm., glabrous, 3- nerved from base; Abundant in rock crevices along road sides at Kishtwar, flower solitary, axillary, pedicellate, pedicel 1-14.4 cm long; Thathri and Ramban. Specimens collected from Ramban (850 sepals 5, green; corolla tube cyulindric, bilipped, upper lip erect, m). broad, notched, lower lip spreading; perfect stamens 2; capsule 5. LEPTORHABDOS ellipsoid upto 5 mm long, twice the length of calyx. 8. MAZUS

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Mazus delavayi Bonati in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 8: 530. 1908; Rare on stony and gravely soil at Chasthoti and Dacchan. Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Monog. 5: 34. 1943. Specimens collected from Chashoti (3, 000 m). Annual, hirsute, non-stoloniferous herbs; radical leaves P. pectinata Wall. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 52. 1835; Hooker f., simple, oblanceolate or nearly obovate, 5-8 cm long, base Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 306. 1884. spathualte, apex obtuse or rounded, pubescent on both surfaces, Erect, annual herbs; stem 15-45 cm tall; radical leaves cauline leaves alternate, obovate, 3-5 x 1- 1.5 cm, apex obtuse, pedicellate, oblong-lanceolate, 5-25 x 2.5 – 7.5 cm, margin margin crenate, hairy on both surfaces; inflorescence raceme; pinnatifid, cauline leaves whorled, lanceolate, 1-2 pinnatifid, flower zygomorphic, bisexual, pedicellate, pedicel shorter than segments serrate; inflorescence 5-15 cm long spike ; flowers calyx; calyx 5- lobed, lobes acute, hairy without; corolla billiped, zygomorphic, bisexual, rose red; bracts ovate, lancelolate, as white tinged blue, tube short, upper lip bifid, lower lip larger, long as calyx; calyx 5- toothed, teeth entire, acute; corolla trilobed, lobes spreading; stamens 4, didynamous, anther cells bilipped, tube as long as calyx, upper lip of corolla beaked, beak divergent; stigma lamellate; capsule globose, included. sickle-shaped, recurved; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments hairy; Mazus pumilus style slender, stigma capitates; capsule; capsule ovoid, 1-1.3 cm Annula, non-stoloniferous herbs; stem often branched from base, long, acute; seeds ridged, deeply pitted. glabrous or sparsely hairy ; radical leaves obovate, oblong, P. punctata Decne in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 117. Pl. 122. 1884; Penn., spathulate, 3-8 x 0.7-6 cm, base cuneate, apex rounded, margin Scroph. W. Himal. 154. 1943. crenate, irregularly toothed, glabrous or patently long hairy, A small slightly velvety hairy herb; stem many from base; cauline leaves sessile, obovate, margin crenate; inflorescence lax leaves stalked, oblong, linear, 5-18 x 0.6-3 cm, margin pinnately racemes; flower zygomorphic, bisexual, pedicellate, longer than divided, lobes many, short, slightly rounded, toothed; calyx; calyx 5-;lobed, lobes accrescent; corolla bilipped, upper inflorescence axillary and terminal racemes or heads; flower upto lip bilobed, lower lip trilobed, spreading, white or pale – blue, 5 cm long, zygomorphic, bisexual, rose – pink; calyx 3-toothed, hairs glandular without; capsule 3 mm long. 0.6 – 1.3 cm, lobes crested, corolla bilipped, tube slender, short, Abundant on moist places at Batote, Doda, Dacchan and yet 3-6 time as long as calyx; corolla bilipped, upper lip a slender Marwa. Specimens collected from Batote (1, 500 m). annular horn, gradually narrowed to a point, lower lip broadly 3- M. surculosus (Burm. F.) Steenis in Nova Guinea n. Sect. 9: 31. lobed; stamens 4, didyanamous, anthers under the upper lip pairs 1958. ; style slender, stigma subcapitate; capsule 0.6 – 1.3 cm long, Perennial, stoloniferous herbs; stolons rooting; basal leaves broadly oblong, longer than calyx. obovate, 3-9 x 1-3 cm, spathulate, margin crenate or 11. SCROPHULARIA subpinnatifid; inflorescence lax racemes; flowers ebracteate, Scrophularia calycina Benth., Scroph. Ind. 18. 35. 1836; Hooker zygomorphic, bisexual, pale – blue or white; calyx 5 – lobed, f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 253. 1883. tube short; corolla bilipped, blue; stamens 4, didynamous; stigma Perennial, erect herbs; stem 30-60 cm tall, tender parts glandular; 2-lamellate; capsule globose or compressed. leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, 2.5-10 cm long, shortly Abundant on moist situations and waste places at Batote and stalked, apex acute, margin coarsely toothed; inflorescence lax Sanasar. Specimens collected from Batote (1, 500 m ). cymes, forming short panicles; flower zygomorphic, bisexual, 9. MIMULUS greenish – purple; calyx 5- parted, segments lanceolate, acute; Mimulus strictus D. Don, Prodr. 87. 1825; Penn., Acad. Nat. Sci. corolla tube globose, 5 parted, 4 upper erect, lower spreading; Philad. Monog. 5; 32. 1943. stamens 4, didynamous, turned downwards, included, staminode Annual, erect, glabrous herbs; stem branched, quadrangular; one, ovate, sharp-pointed; style long , stigma minute ; capsule leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, lanceloate- oblong, 3-6 x 0.3 – ovoid, equaling or shorter than calyx; seeds many, oblong. 0.8 cm, stem clasping, glabrous on both surfaces, margin entire; Scrophularia dentata Royle, ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 18. 1835; flowers solitary axillary, zygomorphic, bisexual, pedicel 2.5-5 Yamazaki, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 3: 126. 1982. cm long; calyx 5-lobed, ribbed, tubular, tube prominently keeled; Annual herbs, glabrous at base, glandular towards apex, corolla billipped, white spotted yellow, margin spotted yellow, turning black on drying; stem erect; leaves petiolate, spathulate, margin minutely serrate; stamens 4, didynamous, anther-cells obovate or oblong, apex obtuse, margin crenate incised towards divergent, filaments short, glabrous ; style slender, stigma 2- base; flowers in short erect cymes, minutely pedicellate, lamellate; capsule oblong. zygomorphic, bisexual; calyx 5-toothed, teeth rounded, obscurely 10. PEDICULARIS scarious; stamens 4, didynamous, pointing downwards, Pedicularis bicornuta Kl. Bot. Ergeb. Reise Walden. 109. Pl. 61. staminodes narrow, small; style slender, stigma notched; capsule 1852; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 312. 1884. globose, pointed. Annual, erect herbs; root fleshy, stout, fibrous; stem 15-60 cm Scrophularia exerta Penn., Monog. Scroph. W. Himal. 45. 1943. tal; leaves alternate, linear or linear- oblong, margin pinnatifid, Annual or perennial herbs; stem quadrangular, glabrous below, middle lobes rounded, crenate; inflorescence spike; bracts viscidly pubescent towards apex; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate- crenate ; flowers zygomorphic, bisexual, yellow; calyx cordate, 5-10 cm, margin crenate, rarely pinnatisect; campanulate, 5- lobed, lobes crested; corolla bilipped, upper lip inflorescence 30-60 cm long panicles; flower zygomorphic, annulated, modified into a slender bifid tail, lower lip trilobed, bisexual, green; calyx 5-parted, segments rounded with scarious spreading; stamens 4, didyanmous, anthers held in pairs under margin; corolla bilipped, tube ovoid, 5-lobed, 2 upper lobes the upper lip; style slender, stigma subcapitate; capsule 2.5-3 cm longer than the lower 3 ; stamens 4, far exserted, staminodes long oblong, finely acuminate; seeds reticulate. spathulate; style filiform; capsule subglobose, pointed; seeds rugose.

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S. scabiosaefolia Benth. in Prodr. 10: 311. 1846; Hooker f., Fl. inflorescence few or many flowered, 5-10 cm long axillary Brit. Ind. 4: 256. 1883. racemes; flower actinomorphic, bisexual, blue or pink, Annual, erect, glabrous or glandular, often foetid herbs; leaves pedicellate; calyx 4-lobed, ovate-oblong, subacute; corolla tube obovate, oblong, base spathulate, margin entire, pinnatifid or short, 4-lobed, blue or pink; stamens 2, exserted; capsule broadly lobulate, terminal lobe usually larger; inflorescence cyme; ovate; seeds ovoid or oblong, biconvex. flowers zygomorophic, bisexual; calyx teeth 5, margin distinctly Abundant on banks of water bodies at Batote (1,500 m). V. scariosu; corolla bilipped, tube short upper lip erect, lower one biloba L., Mant. 172. 1771; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 294. 1884. spreading; stamens 4, didynamous, turned downwards, Annual, erect herbs; stem slender, pubescent; leaves ovate or staminode broad; style long, stigma minute, notched; capsule lanceolate, basal leaves opposite, 1.2-2.5 cm long, margin ovoid, acute, beaked; seeds rugose. serrate, cauline leaves alternate, margin entire, glandular hairy; 12. VERBASCUM flowers solitary axillary, pedicellate, pedicel 1 cm long, Verbascum Thapsus L., Sp. Pl. 177. 1753; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. actinomorphic, bisexual; calyx 4 parted, margin glandular hairy; Ind. 4: 250. 1883. corolla blue, tubular, tube short, lobes 4; stamens 2, epipealous, Annual, erect herbs; stem 0.5 – 1.5 m tall, simple or branched, exserted, another cells bithecous, filaments short, 2 mm long, densely stellate tomentose; basal leaves petiolate, alternate, dorsifixed; ovary superior, bicarpellary syncarpous, style shrot, simple, ovate, 15-50 cm long, margin entire or nearly so, cauline stigma capitates; capsule deeply bilobed, pubescent; seeds leaves sessile, ovate, base decurrentm densely tomentose on both oblong, deeply pitted. surfaces; inflorescence spicate spikes, rarely subsissle; flowers Abundant along road side at Ramban, Assar and Kishtwar. actiniomorphic, bisexual, yellow; calyx 5-lobed, lobes ovate, Specimens collected from Ramban (800 m). lanceolate, acute, imbricate; corolla 5-lobed, upper petal exterior V. melissaefolia Poir in Encyc. Meth. Bot. 8: 526. 1808; Stewart, in bud, yellow, pubescent without; stamens 5, lower 3 with short Ann. Cata. Vasc. Pl. W. & Kashm. 665. 1972. filaments, bearded, other have long filaments, glabrous; stigmn Annual, erect or suberect harbs; stem slender, 30-60 cm tail, capitates; capsule ovoid, as long as calyx, 7 x 5 mm, tomentum tomentose; leaves opposite, sessile, ovatelanceolate or oblong, 2- stellate. 4 x 1-3 cm, base ovate, apex obtuse, margin coarsely toothed, Rare, on road sides, abundant on stony slopes slopes at Baggar lamina glabrous obove, hairy along nerves undernearth; and Choshati. Specimens collected from Chashoti (3,500m). inflorescence raceme; flower actinomorphic, bisexual, blue; 13. VERONICA calyx; corolla tube short, 4-lobed, blue; stamens 2, exserted; Veronica agrestis capsule obcordate, ciliate. Prostrate, pubescent, annual herb; stem 7-20 cm tall; leaves Common on slopes at Kailash Parbat (3,500 m). V. persica petiolate, petiole upto 0.5 cm long, rarely subsessile, lamina Poir., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 542. 1808; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: broadly ovate, 0.5-2 cm long, margin crenate or serrate, 294. 1883. pubescent on under surface, more or less glabrous above; flower Annual, hairy, prostrate or decumbent herbs; stem 5-25 cm solitary axillary, pedicellate, pedicel as long as subtending long; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, base rounded, apex obtuse, leaves, zygomorphic, bisexual, white or white tinged blue; calyx margin crenate; flowers solitary axillary, pedicel much longer 4-parted, green, exceeding the capsule, apex obtuse; corolla tube than subtending leaves ; calyx 4-parted, lobes ovate or lancelate, cylindric, lobes 4, spreading, white or white tinged blue; stamens spreading in fruits, far exceeding the capsule; corolla tube 2, exserted, anther cells parallel; style upto 3 mm long; capsule cylindric, 4-lobed, bright blue; stamens 2, exserted ; capsule faintly reticulate towards apex; seeds orbicular or oblong, 10-20 much boarder than long, reticulations distinct, 5-12 seeded; seeds per fruit. boat-shaped, deeply pitted. Abundant in harvested rice field at Batote and Banihal. V. serpyllifolia L., Sp. Pl. 12. 1753; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Specimens collected from Banihal (1,400 m). 296. 1884; Stewart, Ann. Cata. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 666. V. anagallis-aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 12. 1753; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 293. 1972. 1884. Annual herbs; stem branched, right from base; leaves opposite, Erect, somewhat succulent herbs; base stoloniferous, glabrous, spathulate, oblong, coriaceous, margin entire; inflorescence puberulous, glandular towards apex; leaves sessile, oblong, recame ; flower actionmorphic, bisexual, white or blue with lanceolate, 3-10 x 0.5-2 cm, base amplexicaule, apex acute, yellow base, pedicellate, pedicel 3 mm long; calyx 4-parted, margin entire or serrate; inflorescene lax, 7.5-15 cm long glandular hairy; corolla tube slender, short, 4-lobed white or blue recemes; flower zygomorphic, bisexual, pink or purplish; calyx with yellow base ; stamens 2, epipetalous, exserted, anthers 4-lobed, upto 5 mm long, corolla tube longer than calyx, lobes 4, bithecous, filaments short, glabrous; ovary bicarpellary, style spreading; stamens, exserted another cells parallel; stigma white, stigma capitate, blue; capsule bilobed, hairy. subcapitate; capsule oval, strongly flattened, emarginated. V. stewartii penn., Scroph. W. Himal. 81. Pl. 7c. 1943. Abundant along water channels and banks of rivulets of Batote Prostrate, hairy, annual herbs, stem weak, 15-40 cm long; (1,300 m). leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, cordate or orbicular, margin V. beccabunga L., Sp. Pl. 12. 1753; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: crenate-serrate; flower pedicellate, pedicel equaling the leaves, 293. 1884. solitary axillary, zygomorphic, bisexual, light blue; calyx 4- Annual, decumbent-ascending, glabrous or puberulous herbs; lobed, lobes cordate, ciliate, exceeding the corolla, acuminate; stem creeping, succulent, hollow, branched, 20-35 cm long; corolla tube very short, 4-lobed, light blue; stamens 2, exserted, leaves sessile or subsessile, elliptic-oblong, rarely obovate, 2-5 style linear ; capsule biglobose; seed subglobose, rogose, 1-2 per cm long, base rounded, apex obtuse, margin crenate-serrate; cell.

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14. WULFENIA VI. DISCUSSION Wulfenia amhertiana Wall. ex Benth. The communication being provided shows highest and rich Perennial glabrous herbs; scape 15-30 cm tall, erect, slender; diversiy of flowering plants in this region in comparision to the basal leaves many, petiolate, ovate-oblong, margin crenate; neighbouring districts of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. inflorescence spike, second; flower upto 1 cm long, zygomorphic, bisexual, blue – purple, turning white age, pointing ACKNOWLEDGEMENT downwards; calyx 5-parted, segments lanceolate, acute glabrous; corolla 4 mm long, tube short, slenderic, lobes 4, upper one The authos are grateful to Prof. A. K. Koul Dean, Centre for minutely notched; stamens 2, exserted; stigma minute, capitates; Biodiversity, BGSB University, Rajouri for encouragement. capsule oblong, bilobed, as long as calyx. REFERENCES V. DISCUSSION [1] Sharma, B. M and Kachroo P. 1981. Flora of Jammu and Plants of neighbourhood. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Family Scrophulariaceae has been studied by different authors [2] Singh, G and Kachroo P. 1976. Forest Flora of Srinagar and Plants of from different pockets of the state and described in regional neighbourhood. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. floras of the state. The prominent of them include include Singh [3] Swami, A. and Gupta, G. 1998. Flora of Udhampur district. Bishen Singh and Kachroo (1976), Sharma and Kachroo (1981), Swami and Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Gupta (1998). The publication from the Kashmir division of the [4] Swami A and Gupta BK. 1998. Flora of Udhampur District. Bishen Singh state deals with the flora of Srinagar reported 18 species Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. belonging to 7 genera(Singh and Kachroo, 1976) and other others two publication on district floras are confined to the flora of Jammu and flora of Udhampur (Sharma and Kachroo, 1981; AUTHORS Swami and Gupta, 1998) respcectively. 23 species of 14 genera First Author – B. L. Bhellum, Ph. D., Govt. Degree College, have been described (Sharma and Kachroo 1981) from Jammu Kathua, J & K, India, E-mail id- [email protected] and as many as 21 species belonging to 13 genera (Swami and Gupta, 1998) from Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir Second Author – Rani Magotra, Department of Botany, State. The flora bridging the two divisions of the state is still University of Jammu- 180 006, India, Email id - e-mail id – wanting. Hence the present compilation is provided to with 14 [email protected] genera and 30 species to fill up the gap between Jammu and Kashmir divisions of the state. Corresponding Author – B. L. Bhellum, Ph. D., Govt. Degree College, Kathua, J & K, India, E-mail id- [email protected]

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