International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 14, № 1, 21 (2021)

IRSTI 34.29.35 https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2021.v14.i1.02

A.E. Orazov1,2,3 , Sh.T. Tustubayeva3* , J.K. Alemseytova4 , N.M. Mukhitdinov1 , A.B. Myrzagaliyeva3 , Y.K. Turuspekov2 , G. Sramko1,5 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3Astana International University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 4“Tarbagatai” State National Nature Park, Urzhar, Kazakhstan 5University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary *е-mail: [email protected] Flora accompanying Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y.Yao in the Tarbagatai State National Park in Kazakhstan

Abstract. The current state of the Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y. Yao population growing at various altitudes on the shrub and steppe belts of the Tarbagatai ridge and its species composition were studied. The methods of floristic composition analysis were applied for the first time. The complete composition of accompanying species including Prunus ledebouriana was studied on the territory of Tarbagatai State National Park. The originality of this work was in creation of a distribution map for the Prunus ledebouriana population. Samples collected in the park from various sources were used as material. The results are presented in the form of a list including 511 species (52 families) that grow together with Prunus ledebouriana in this area. The leading families in terms of species number: Asteraceae Dumort. (75 species/ 35.2%), Fabaceae Lindl. (56 species/ 40.8%), Poaceae Barnhart. (52 species/ 32.5%), Rosaceae Juss. (43 species/ 44.3%), and Ranunculaceae Juss (39 species/ 50%). Species diversity of the families: Asteraceae Dumort. 22%, Fabaceae Lindl. 17%, Poaceae Barnhart. 16%, Rosaceae Juss. 13%, Ranunculaceae Juss. 12%, Brassicaceae Burnett. 7%, Apiaceae Lindl. 7%, and Scrophulariaceae Juss. 6% of all species growing with Prunus ledebouriana. The results of research can be used for species identification and organization of conservation activities for the rare plant species Prunus ledebouriana. The studied herbarium samples of Prunus ledebouriana (Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan) were transferred to the herbarium fund of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Key words: Tarbagatai ridge, endemic species, shrub, cenopopulation, floristic composition.

Introduction composition changes vertically. The southern slope of the Tarbagatai ridge consists of desert-steppe sub- Organization of specially protected natural areas belt – 500-700 m; steppe belt – 700 (600) – 1000 (SPNA) network is the most effective activity for the (1200) m; shrubs belt – 1000 (1200) – 1700 (1800) preservation of rare, endangered species, unique and m; subalpine belt – 1700 (1800) -2400 m; and alpine virgin areas of nature in the East Kazakhstan [1]. belt – 2400-3100 m. The flora of Tarbagatai ridge Tarbagatai State National Park was founded on the is still poorly studied; the information on the plant territory of the Tarbagatai ridge in the East Kazakhstan species diversity of this region was presented in the region (EKR), on the border with the Xinjiang Uygur work of E.F. Stepanova [6]. According to the natural Autonomous Region of China [2, 3] in accordance scientific substantiation of 2014, species on the with the Resolution No. 382 of the Government of the studied territory belong to 80 families and 504 genera Republic of Kazakhstan dated from June 27, 2018 [4]. including 14 species of ferns (0.9%), 4 species of Tarbagatai State National Park is located in the semi- horsetails (0.2%), 6 species of gymnosperms (0.4 %), desert landscape of the temperate zone, and it is part of 334 species of monocotyledons (20.5%) and 1269 the Tarbagatai physical-geographical province of the species of dicotyledons (78%); 169 species of them Saur-Tarbagatai physical-geographical region of the are endemic plants [7]. Dzungar-Saur-Tarbagatai mountainous country [5]. A rare, endemic, and ornamental shrub Ledebour Nowadays, the flora of the Tarbagatai ridge is almond (Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y.Yao) represented by about 1,640 plant species. The species (Figure 1) of the family Rosaceae grows on the park

© 2021 al-Farabi Kazakh National University Int. j. biol. chem. (Online) 22 Flora accompanying Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y. Yao in the Tarbagatai State National Park in Kazakhstan territory and forms large stripes and thickets in the plant species is described as a rare and endemic plant central part of the Tarbagatai ridge’s southern slope species found in East Kazakhstan. The main species [8]. trait can be found in generative plants at the fruiting Аmygdalus ledebouriana Schltdl. was discovered phase and is observed in half-open fruits with a and identified for the first time by German botanists formed pit, the base of which is obliquely drawn [14, Schlechtendahl. The first information about this 15]. species was published in 1854: Abhandlungen der Species name Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle 2 [9]. This Y.Y.Yao is valid and widespread in English sources species was presented in the tenth volume of “Flora [16-19], but the synonymous name Amygdalus of the USSR” [10], in the fourth volume of “Flora ledebouriana (Ledebour or ledebourian almond) of Kazakhstan” [11], and in the first part of the is common for endemic plant species listed in the “Illustrated guide of plants in Kazakhstan” [12]. А. “Red Book of Central Asia” [20] and “Red Book of ledebouriana was included in the “Red Book of the the Republic of Kazakhstan” [21]. It has the status Kazakh SSR” [13], as a rare and endangered plant of Endangered (EN) (IUCN Red List) according to species. In all of the abovementioned sources, this various world source [22].

Figure 1 – Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y.Yao, growing along the road near Urjar village (photo by A.E. Orazov, 2020)

The species grows in a meadow or mesoxerophilic Tarbagatai State National Park Tokymtaev A.B. steppes, on mountains, steppe slopes and plateaus, in No 5-182 from 24.06.2020) within the framework river valleys and in meadow hollows. It occurs in the of the project AP05131621 “Informational foothills of the southwestern Altai, Tarbagatai ridge, system for molecular-genetic and botanical Dzhungar Alatau. It is found in floristic regions of documentation of wild flora in Kazakhstan” [23] Kazakhstan under numbers 22 – “Altai” and 23 – for 2018-2020 by specialists of the Molecular “Tarbagatai” (Figure 2). Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Plant The studies were carried out on the territory Biology Biotechnology аnd Biotechnology of the Tarbagatai State National Park with (IPBB) the Committee of Science of the Ministry the official permission of the organization of Education and Science of the Republic of (permission letter from the director of the Kazakhstan (CS MES RK) (Almaty).

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with the participation and dominance of the studied plant species. The Latin names of these species were checked in various international plant databases [25- 28]. Also, classical sources were used in accordance with the rules adopted in the summary of Cherepanov S.K. [29] and Abdulina S.A. [30]. The maps were constructed using ArcMap 10.4 and CorelDRAW 2017 software based on the functional zoning map, projected infrastructure and tourism facilities of the Tarbagatai State National Park (“Tarbagatai Mountains” section). The map of East Kazakhstan from the Google maps service was used as an original (Figure 2). The survey was carried out according to the route-reconnaissance method [31]. The field research routes were compiled based on cartographic forest management materials of land use, administrative maps of the Urdzhar region, and maps of the Tarbagatai Figure 2 – Google maps Earth view of Geographic location of State National Park. The location of thickets was the Tarbagatai State National Park among SPNA (green) and determined using the biological characteristics and distribution areas of Prunus ledebouriana (pink) ecological confinement of the studied species, as well as using herbarium material from this area. Herbarium fund of higher plants of the Institute of Materials and methods botany and phytointroductions: Tarbagatai ridge, southern slope, Kusak river gorge, 1200 m above sea The generally accepted botanical and floristic level, on the western slope, from July 31, 1955 were methods described in the work of Bykov B.A. [24] collected and identified by Stepanova E. and others were used for the description of plant communities (Figure 3).

Figure 3 – Herbarium specimens of Prunus ledebouriana (collected and identified by A.E. Orazov, J.K. Alemseytova, and Sh.T. Tustubayeva, 2020)

The species names of plants were determined encyclopedia” [33]. Pictures in the nature (Figure using the “Flora of Kazakhstan” [32], “Illustrated 4) were uploaded to the site: www.inaturalist.org guide to plants of Kazakhstan” [12], “Illustrated [34].

Int. j. biol. chem. (Online) International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 14, № 1, 141 (2021) 24 Flora accompanying Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y. Yao in the Tarbagatai State National Park in Kazakhstan

Figure 4 – Prunus ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y.Y.Yao at the fruiting phase near Urjar village (photo by A.E. Orazov, June 2020)

Seeds and herbarium specimens were transferred Individual plants of this species form dense stripes to the herbarium fund (Laboratory of higher (almonds), heterogeneous along the entire length of plants flora) and the seed fund (Laboratory of the ridge on low-mountain, mid-mountain and high- seed production) of the Institute of Botany and mountain shrub belts (from 700/800-1200 m to 1700- Phytointroduction (Almaty) for the identification and 1800 m). storage. Biological samples were also collected and To identify the species composition, were studied transferred to the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics three cenopopulations located on different shrub belts of the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (low-mountain, mid-mountain, high-mountain) at the (Almaty) and to the MTA-DE “Lendulet” beginning and middle part of the Tarbagatai range Evolutionary phylogenomics department of botany (from south to east). (Debrecen, Hungary) for subsequent genetic analysis. In the lower part of the southern slope, within 700- 1500 m, was occupied by thickets of bushes, mainly Results and discussion Prunus ledebouriana (Figure 5), in combination with roses (Rosa spinosissima L.), aspen lines (Populus As a result of the survey in the southern slope of tremula L.) and apple thickets (Malus sieversii the Tarbagatai ridge, several large coenopopulations (Ledeb.) M. Roem.) with a well-developed shrub of Prunus ledebouriana were identified (Table 1). layer of Rosa spinosissima and Prunus ledebouriana.

Table 1 – Characteristics of the Prunus ledebouriana cenopopulations on the south slope

No. Administrative territory GPS coordinates Altitude (m) Habitat CP EKR, Urjar district, 47°07’17.4”N 520 Low-mountain shrub belt neighborhood of Urjar village 81°39’18.5”E EKR, Urjar district, 47.0600554 N; 760 Mid-mountain shrub belt neighborhood of Karabuirat village 81.8995046 E EKR, Urjar district, 47°15’24.9”N 862 High-mountain shrub belt neighborhood of Koldenen village 81°86’39.6”E Notes: CP – cenopopulation, EKR – East Kazakhstan region.

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Figure 5 – Distribution of Prunus ledebouriana on the territory of the Tarbagatai State National Park

Thickets of shrubs occur on the rocky southern Origanum vulgare L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Thymus slopes. Here, many individuals of Atraphaxis laetevirens stepposus Klokov & Des.-Shost., and Medicago Jaub. et Spach, Calophaca hovenii Schrenk, and Spiraea falcata L. hypericifolia L. are found in addition to P. ledebouriana. Meadowsweet (S. hypericifolia) thickets are Poaceae family in these shrubs is mostly represented by common in the intermontane valleys at an altitude Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. Meadowsweet and of 1200-1300 m together with motley grasses (H. caragana thickets (Spiraea hypericifolia L., S. trilobata pubescens, Dactylis glomerata L., Poa angustifolia L., Caragana camilli-schnеideri Kom., C. frutex (L.) K. L., Galium verum L., and A. sericea). Alpine Koch) prevail together with dry steppe’s wormwood- shrubs, usually juniper (J. sabina, J. sibirica) turf-grasses communities (Stipa capillata L., S. and meadowsweet (S. trilobata, S. hypericifolia), sareptana A.K. Becker, Festuca valesiaca Schleich. grow in the upper belt of mountains together with ex Gaudin, Phleum phleoides H.Karst., Artemisia C. uniflorus Bunge shrubs and a grass layer of marschalliana Spreng., A. sublessingiana Krasch. Potentilla acaulis L., Orostachys spinosa (L.) Sweet, ex Poljakov, A. compacta Fisch. ex DC., and Carex Patrinia intermedia Roem. ex Schult., Helictotrichon pediformis С.А.Мey). In the middle mountains, they pubescens, Helictotrichon desertorum (Less.) Pilg. form a belt at an altitude from 800-900 m to 1350-1450 Shrub thickets at the top of the hills are m above sea level and represent a regular alternation represented by small groups under the rocks with with meadow-steppe and meadow communities. Roses the dominating meadowsweet (S. trilobata), C. (R. spinosissima) with honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica uniflorus, and juniper (J. sibirica) with fescue L.), S. hypericifolia, Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) and petrophytic grasses in the lower level (F. Pilg., Festuca valesiaca, and Artemisia sericea Weber valesiaca, S. capillata, P. acaulis). The meadows ex Stechm. prevail in this region. On the southern slopes, are occupied by dense meadows and rose hips with they also include Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. honeysuckle (S. hypericifolia, R. spinosissima, L. ex Blytt and C. oliganthus Pojark. In the herbaceous tatarica); sometimes with the participation of Padus layer, mesophytic forbs and grasses prevail (Bromopsis avium Mill. and grasses layer (C. pediformis, D. pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub, Bromopsis inermis glomerata, P. angustifolia, Paeonia anomala L., F. (Leyss.) Holub, Fragaria viridis (Duch.) Weston, viridis). On the edges they are framed by almonds Lathyrus gmelinii (Fisch.) Fritsch, Peucedanum (P. ledebouriana). Almonds disappear at the height morisonii Besser ex Schult., and Thalictrum simplex L.), above 1500-1800 m. As a result of the study of the S. hypericifolia, F. valesiaca, Poa stepposa (Krylov) ridge’s shrub belt, an annotated list of plant species Roshev., Stipa pennata L., Helictotrichon desertorum, growing with P. ledebouriana was developed.

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The annotated list of plant species growing in C. media R. Br. the cenopopulation of Prunus ledebouriana: C. melananthaeformis Litv. C. pauciflora Lightf. 1. Fam. Polypodiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl C. supina Willd. ex Wahlenb. Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. C. turkestanica Regel. Ceterach officinarum Willd. C. macroura Meinsh. 2. Fam. Equisetaceae Rich. ex DC. C. pediformis С.А.Мey Equisetum pratense Ehrh. C. riparia Curtis 3. Fam. Ephedraceae Dumort. C. vesicaria L. Ephedra equisetina Bunge 5. Fam. Liliасеае Juss. 4. Fam. Poaceae Barnhart. Veratrum nigrum L. Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng V. lobelianum Bernh. Stipa caucasica Schmalh. Eremurus altaicus (Pall.) Steven S. orientalis Trin. Gagea alberti Regel. S. macroglossa P. A. Smirn. Аllium fischeri Regel S. kirghisorum P. A. Smirn. А. flavidum Ledeb. S. zalesski Wilensky. А. lineare L. S. capillata L. А. strictum Schrad. Milium effusum L. А. rubens Schrad. ex Willd. М. vernale Bieb. А. nutans L. Agrostis canina L. A. petraeum Kar. et Kir. A. gigantea Roth. A. galanthum Kar. et Kir. Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. А. robustum Kar. et Kir. Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Pilg. A. saxatile Bieb. H. schellianum (Hack.) Kitag. A. pallasii Murray Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. * Lilium martagon L. Eragrostis starosselskyi Grossh. Fritillaria verticillata Willd. Melica transsilvanica Schur. * Tulipa uniflora (L.) Bess.ex Baker M. altissima L. Asparagus neglectus Kar. et Kir. Dactytis glomerata L. A. persicus Baker. Роа sibirica Roshev. Polygonatum roseum Kunth. Р. remota Forselles. 6. Fam. Amaryllidaceae J. St. – Hil. Р. pratensis L. Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. & Traub Р. angustifolia L. 7. Fam. Iridaceae Juss. Р. palustris L. Iris loczyi Kanitz. Р. nemoralis L. I. ruthenica Ker Gawl. Р. stepposa (Krylov) Roshev. I. bloudowii Ledeb. P. korshunensis Golosk. 8. Fam. Orchidaceae Juss. Festuca pratensis Huds. Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. F. gigantea (L.) Vill. Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub 9. Fam. Salicaceae Mirb. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. Populus tremula L. Agropyron dshungaricum (Nevski) Nevski 10. Fam. Cannabaceae Endl. A. desertorum (Fisch ex Link) Schult. Humulus lupulus L. Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski 11. Fam. Urticaceae Juss. Elymus gmelinii (Ledeb.) Tzvel. Parietaria micrantha Ledeb. E. fedtschenkoi Tzvel. 12. Fam. Santalaceae R. Br. E. abolinii (Drob.) Tzvel. Thesium refractum С. А. Мey E. caninus L. 13. Fam. Polygonaceae Juss. E. drobovii (Nevski) Tzvel. Rumex acetosella L. E. sibiricus L. R. thyrsiflorus Fingerh. Carex polyphylla Kar. et Kir. Rheum altaicum Losinsk. C. cinerea Poll. R. wittrockii Lundstr. C. acuta L. Atraphaxis compacta Ledeb.

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A. laetevirens Jaub. et Spach. P. campanella Fisch. ex. Regel A. frutescens (L.) Eversm. P. ambigua (Turcz.) Juz. A. virgate Krasn. Atragene sibirica L. Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur Clematis integrifolia L. A. coriarium (Grig.) Soják C. songarica Siev. ex Steud. A. alpinum (All.) Schur C. glauca Willd. Polygonum bistorta L. C. orientalis L. 14. Fam. Chenopodiaceae Vent. Halerpestes salsuginosa Greene Axyris hybrida L. Ranunculus longicaulis var. pulchellus (C.A. 15. Fam. Caryophyllaceae Juss. Mey.) Gubanov Stellaria dichotoma L. R. longicaulis var. pseudohirculus (Schrenk) S. graminea L. Gubanov Cerastium pauciflorum Steven ex Ser. R. auricomus L. C. bungeanum Vved. R. pedatifidus Smith. C. davuricum Fisch. ex Spreng R. repens L. C. arvense L. R. polyanthemos L. C. dichotomum L. R. acris L. Eremogone longifolia (Bieb.) Fenzl. R. longicaulis С. А. Мey Moehringia umbrosa Fenzl. R. propinquus C. A. Mey Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn. R. paucidentatus Schrenk. O. commutata (Guss.) Ikonn. R. pedatus Waldst. et Kit Silene lithophila Kar. et Kir. Thalictrum foetidum L. S. alexsandrae B. Keller. T. isopyroides С. А. Мey S. repens Patrin T. minus L. S. incurvifolia Kar. et Kir. T. simplex L. S. wolgensis Besser ex Spreng. T. flavum L. S. multiflora Pers. Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb. S. viscosa Pers. A. villosa Ledeb. Lychnis chalcedonica L. 18. Fam. Berberidaceae Juss. Gypsophila altissima L. Leontice altaica Pall. Petrorhagia alpina (Hablitz) P.W.Ball & Berberis heteropoda Schrenk. Heywood B. sphaerocarpa Kar. et Kir. Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link 19. Fam. Papaveraceae Juss. D. ramosissimus Pall. ex Poir. Chelidonium majus L. D.acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb. Papaver nudicaule L. D. superbus L. Corydalis ledebouriana Kar. et Kir. D. hoeltzeri C. Winkl. C. nobilis (L.) Pers. 16. Fam. Paeoniaceae Rudolphi. C. stricta Steph. ex DC. Paeonia anomala L. C. capnoides Pers. P. hybrida Pall. 20. Fam. Brassicaceae Burnett. 17. Fam. Ranunculaceae Juss. Sisymbrium brassiciforme С. А. Мey Trollius altaicus С. А. Мey S. loesellii L. Aquilegia lactiflora Kar. et Kir. S. polymorphium (Murr.) Roth. Delphinium dasyanthum Kar. et Kir. Erysimum hieraciifolium L. D. elatum L. E. canescens Roth. D. dictyocarpum Steud. Barbarea arcuata Reichenb. D. aemulans Nevski Rorippa palustris Bess. D. cheilanthum Fisch. ex DC. Cardamine impatiens L. D. cyananthum Nevski C. parviflora L. Aconitum anthora L. Turritis glabra L. A. septentrionale Koelle Arabis pendula L. Anemone sylvestris L. Isatis costata С. А. Мey Anemonoides caerulea (DC.) Holub I. lasiocarpa Ledeb. Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. Hesperis pseudonivea Tzvel.

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H. sibirica L. A. tianschanica Juz. Clausia aprica Trotzky A. bungei Juz. Chorispora sibirica (L.) DC. Agrimonia asiatica Juz. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Alyssum desertorum Stapf. S. alpina Bunge. Draba hirta L. Rosa acicularis Lindl. D. sibirica (Pall.) Thell. R. alberti Regel. D. nemorosa L. R. majalis Herrm. Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. R. laxa Retz. Ptilotrichum tenuifolium C.A. Mey R. beggeriana Schrenk 21. Fam. Crassulaceae DC. R. spinosissima L. Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub. Cerasus tianschanica Pojar. Sedum alberti Regel. Padus avium Mill. Orostachys spinosa (L.) A. Berger 24. Fam. Fabaceae Lindl. Rosularia platyphylla A. Berger Melilotoides platycarpos (L.) Soják 22. Fam. Grossulariaceae DC. M. karkarensis (Semenov ex Vassilcz.) Soják Ribes hispidulum (Jancz.) Pojark. Medicago falcata L. R. meyeri Maxim. M. romanica Prod. R. atropurpureum С. А. Мey M. schischkinii Sumnev. R. nigrum L. M. lupulina L. R. heterotrichum С. А. Мey Melilotus albus Medik. R. saxatile Pall. Trifolium lupinaster L. Grossularia acicularis Spach Caragana frutex (L.) С. Koch. 23. Fam. Rosaceaе Juss. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. Spiraea hypericifolia L. A. propinquus Schischk. S. crenata L. A. macropterus DC. Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge. A. sieversianus Pall. C. oliganthus Pojark. A. trautvetteri Bunge. Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. A. schanginianus Pall. Crataegus chlorocarpa Lenne & K. Koch A. danicus Retz. Rubus saxalilis L. A. dasyglottis Fisch. ex DC. Fragaria vesca L. A. tibetanus Benth. ex Bunge. F. viridis (Duch.) Weston A. odoratus Lam. Potentilla sericea L. A. onobrychis L. P. evestita Th. Wolf. A. unilateralis Kar. et Kir. P. virgata Lehm. A. testiculatus Pall. P. argentea L. A. hypogaeus Ledeb. P. impolita Wahlenb. A. platyphyllus Kar. et Kir. P. longifolia Willd. ex Schltdl. A. macroceras С. А. Мey ex Bong. P. canescens Bess. A. ceratoides Bieb. P. recta L. A. stenoceras С. А. Мey P. pedata Willd. ex Hornem. A. cornutus Pall. P. desertorum Bunge. A. melanocladus Lipsky. P. chrysantha Trevir. A. cysticalyx Ledeb. P. schrenkiana Regel. A. dendroides Kar. et Kir. Chamaerhodos altaica Bunge A. ellipsoideus Ledeb. C. sabulosa Bunge. A. follicularis Pall. Geum rivale L. Oxytropis avis Saposhnikow G. urbanum L. O. recognita Bunge. G. aleppicum Jacq. O. longibracteata Kar. et Kir. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. O. ampullata Pers. F. vulgaris Moench O. ochroleuca Bunge Alchemilla cyrtopleura Juz. O. pilosa DC. A. pachyphylla Juz. O. macrocarpa Кar. et Kir.

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Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. Lythrum virgatum L. H. ferganense Korsh. 36. Fam. Onagraceae Juss. Onobrychis arenaria DC. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Cicer songaricum Steph. ex DC. 37. Fam. Apiaceae Lindl. Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. Chaerophyllum prescottii DC. V. unijuga А. Вraun Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. nemorosa (M.Bieb.) V. cracca L. C.Y.Wu & F.T.Pu, V. tenuifolia Roth. Schrenkia vaginata Fisch. et C. A. Mey. V. megalotropis Ledeb. Aulacospermum anomalum Ledeb. V. sepium L. Cachrys herderi Regel V. subvillosa Boiss. Bupleurum aureum Fisch. ex Hoffm. Lathyrus tuberosus L. B. krylovianum Schischk. L. humilis (Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng. Trinia ramosissima Fisch. ex W.D.J.Koch L. pratensis L. Falcaria sioides Asch. L. pisiformis L. Carum atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir. L. gmelinii (Fisch.) Fritsch Aegopodium podagraria L. 25. Fam. Geraniaceae Juss. Sium sisaroideum DC. Geranium pratense L. Seseli schrenkianum (C.A. Mey. ex Schischk.) 26. Fam. Rutaceae Juss. Pimenov & Sdobnina Haplophyllum latifolium Kar. et Kir. S. libanotis W.D.J. Koch Dictamnus angustifolius Sweet S. glabratum Willd. ex Schult. 27. Fam. Euphorbiaceae Juss. S. condensatum Rchb.f. Euphorbia soongarica Boiss. Conioselinum tataricum Hoffm. E. buchtormensis Ledeb. Archangelica decurrens Ledeb. E. pachyrhiza Kar. et Kir. Ferula songarica Pall. ex Schult. E. latifolia С. А. Мey F. dissecta Ledeb. E. pilosa L. Peucedanum morisonii Besser ex Schult. E. humilis C. A. Mey Heracleum sibiricum L. 28. Fam. Balsaminaceae A. Rich H. dissectum Ledeb. Impatiens parviflora DC. 38. Fam. Primulaceae Vent. 29. Fam. Rhamnaceae Juss. Androsace dasyphylla Bunge Rhamnus cathartica L. A. lactiflora Fisch. 30. Fam. Malvaceae Juss. A. maxima L. Lavatera thuringiaca L. Lysimachia vulgaris L. Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss. 39. Fam. Plumbaginaceae Juss. Althaea officinalis L. Acantholimon tarbagataicum Gamajun. 31. Fam. Hypericaceae Juss. Goniolimon speciosum Boiss. Hypericum scabrum L. G. dshungaricum O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch. H. elongatum C.A. Mey 40. Fam. Gentianaceae Juss. H. elegans Steph. ex Willd. Gentiana decumbens L. f. H. perforatum L. G. fetisowii Regel. Et Winkl. 32. Fam. Tamaricaceae Link. G. riparia Kar. et Kir. Myricaria bracteata Royle G. macrophylla Pall. 33. Fam. Violaceae Batsch. G. aquatica L. Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt Anagallidium dichotoma Griseb. V. persicifolia Schreb. 41. Fam. Convolvulaceae Juss. V. pumila Chaix. Convolvulus ammannii Desr. V. canina L. Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. V. tarbagataica Klokov 42. Fam. Polemoniaceae Juss. V. disiuncta W.Becker Polemonium caeruleum L. V. dissecta Ledeb. 43. Fam. Boraginaceae Juss. 34. Fam. Thymelaeaceae Juss. Lithospermum officinale L. Daphne altaica Pall. Аrnebia coerulea Schipcz. 35. Fam. Lythraceae J. St. – Hil. Onosma gmelinii Ledeb.

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Echium vulgare L. 49. Fam. Valerianaceae Batsch. Myosotis suaveolens Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Valeriana dubia Bunge. Lappula sericata Popov 50. Fam. Dipsacaceae Juss. Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz. Dipsacus dipsacoides (Kar. & Kir.) Pulmonaria mollis Wolff ex F.Heller. V.I.Bochantsev 44. Fam. Lamiaceae Lindl. Scabiosa ochroleuca L. Scutellaria supina L. 51. Fam. Campanulaceae Juss. Nepeta pannonica L. Campanula sibirica L. N. cataria L. 52. Fam. Asteraceae Dumort. Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge Heteropappus canescens (Nees) Novopokr. ex D. nutans L. Nevski D. ruyschiana L. Galatella macrosciadia Gand. Phlomis tuberosa L. G. hauptii Lindl. ex DC. Leonurus turkestanicus V.I. Krecz. & Kuprian. G. fastigiiformis Novopokr. Salvia deserta Schangin G. tenuifolia Lindl. ex DC. Ziziphora tenuior L. Erigeron elongatus Ledeb. Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin ex Prochorov. E. acris L. & Lebel. E. pseudoseravschanicus Botsch. Origanum vulgare L. Inula helenium L. Thymus asiaticus Serg. I. grandis Schrenk. T. roseus Schipcz. I. britannica L. Lycopus exaltatus L.f. I. rhizocephala Schrenk. L. europaeus L. Bidens tripartita L. 45. Fam. Solanaceae Juss. Achillea asiatica Serg. Solanium depilatum Kitag. Pyrethrum majus (Desf.) Tzvelev Lycium dasystemum Pojark. Tanacetum vulgare L. 46. Fam. Scrophulariaceae Juss. Artemisia dracunculus L. Verbascum thapsus L. A. glauca Pall. ex Willd. V. songaricum Schrenk A. sublessingiana Krasch. ex Poljakov V. orientale (L.) All. A. santolinifolia Turcz. ex Besser V. phoeniceum L. A. glabella Kar. et Kir. Linaria vulgaris Mill. A. sericea Weber ex Stechm. L. hepatica Bunge A. austriaca Jacq. L. altaica Fisch. ex Ledeb. A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Scrophularia kiriloviana Schischk. A. vulgaris L. S. incisa Weinm. A. armeniaca Lamn. Veronica serpyllifolia L. A. macrantha Ledeb. V. longifolia L. Doronicum oblongifolium DC. V. spuria L. Cacalia hastata L. V. verna L. Senecio erucifolius L. V. krylovii Schischk. S. jacobeae L. V. argute-serrata Regel & Schmalh. S. octoglossus DC. Leptorhabdos parviflora Benth. S. integrifolius Nutt. Euphrasia tatarica Fisch. ex Spreng Ligularia heterophylla Rupr. E. syreitschikovii Govor. L. robusta DC. Pedicularis verticillata L. L. macrophylla (Ledeb.) DC. P. dolichorrhiza Schrenk. L. glauca (L.) О. Hoffm. 47. Fam. Rubiaceae Juss. L. sibirica Cass. Galium odoratum Scop. Echinops integrifolius Kar. et Kir. G. aparine L. Arctium tomentosum Mill. G. verum L. Carduus crispus L. G. ruthenicum Willd. C. nutans L. 48. Fam. Caprifoliaceae Juss. Alfredia cernua Cass. Lonicera tatarica L. A. acantholepis Kar. et Kir.

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Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill (1 species), 4. Poaceae (52 species), 5. Liliасеае C. oleraceum Scop. (21 species), 6. Amarillidaceae (1 species), 7. Saussurea salicifolia DC. Iridaceae (3 species), 8. Orchidaceae (2 species), S. elata Ledeb. 9. Salicaceae (1 species), 10. Cannabaceae (1 S. elegans Ledeb. species), 11. Urticaceae (1 species), 12. Santalaceae Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb. (1 species), 13. Polygonaceae (12 species), 14. J. serratuloides Iljin. Chenopodiaceae (1 species), 15. Caryophyllaceae Serratula coronata L. (26 species), 16. Paeoniaceae (2 species), 17. S. cardunculus (Pall.) Schischk. Ranunculaceae (39 species), 18. Berberidaceae S. marginata Tausch (3 species), 19. Papaveraceae (6 species), 20. Chartolepis intermedia Boiss. Brassicaceae (24 species), 21. Crassulaceae (4 Centaurea ruthenica Lam. species), 22. Grossulariaceae (7 species), 23. C. sibirica L. Rosaceaе (44 species), 24. Fabaceae (56 species), 25. C. scabiosa L. Geraniaceae (1 species), 26. Rutaceae (2 species), Tragopogon songoricus S.A. Nikitin 27. Euphorbiaceae (6 species), 28. Balsaminaceae (1 T. orientalis L. species), 29. Rhamnaceae (1 species), 30. Malvaceae Scorzonera pubescens DC. (3 species), 31. Hypericaceae (4 species), 32. Achyrophorus maculatus Scop. Tamaricaceae (1 species), 33. Violaceae (7 species), Taraxacum porphyranthum Boiss. 34. Thymelaeaceae (1 species), 35. Lythraceae (1 Chondrilla lejospemna Kar. & Kir. species), 36. Onagraceae (1 species), 37. Apiaceae Sonchus arvensis L. (24 species), 38. Primulaceae (4 species), 39. Lactuca sibirica Benth. ex Maxim. Plumbaginaceae (3 species), 40. Gentianaceae Crepis multicaulis Ledeb. (6 species), 41. Convolvulaceae (2 species), 42. C. sibirica L. Polemoniaceae (1 species), 43. Boraginaceae (9 Hieracium echioides Lumn. species), 44. Lamiaceae (16 species), 45. Solanaceae H. korshinskyi Zahn (2 species), 46. Scrophulariaceae (20 species), 47. H. krylovii Nevski ex Schljakov Rubiaceae (4 species), 48. Caprifoliaceae (1 species), H. robustum Fr. 49. Valerianaceae (1 species), 50. Dipsacaceae H. alatavicum (Zahn) Üksip (2 species), 51. Campanulaceae (1 species), 52. H. asiaticum (Nägeli & Peter) Üksip Asteraceae (75 species). Large families are shown Picris japonica Thunb. in Table 2 with the numerical and percentage ratios In total, 511 accompanying species belonging of species growing with Prunus ledebouriana from to 52 families were revieled: 1. Polypodiaceae (2 the total number of species growing in the Tarbagatai species), 2. Equisetaceae (1 species), 3. Ephedraceae State National Park.

Table 2 – The ratio of species by families growing together with Prunus ledebouriana

The numerical ratio of The percentage of No. Large families species in the family species in the family Asteraceae 75/213 35.2 Fabaceae 56/137 40.8 Poaceae 52/160 32.5 Rosaceaе 43/97 44.3 Ranunculaceae 39/78 50 Brassicaceae 24/104 23 Apiaceae 24/59 40.6 Scrophulariaceae 20/53 37.7 Total: 511/1637 31.2

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The numerical and percentage ratios of species national park and its surroundings showed that the growing with Prunus ledebouriana from the total leading group includes widespread species and that number of species growing in the Tarbagatai the species composition changes vertically. The list State National Park was 31.2% (511 species with of plants is mainly composed of steppe, meadow, Prunus ledebouriana out of 1637 total species). rocky and coastal water species. A map has been The accompanying species composition consists developed of the distribution of P. ledebouriana in the of species growing on the low-mountain shrub Tarbagatai state National Park and its surroundings belt (Asteraceae-69 species, Fabaceae-47 species, In the lower part of the southern slope, within Poaceae – 40 species, Rosaceae – 30 species, 700-1500 m, is occupied by thickets of bushes, Ranunculaceae – 32 species, Brassicaceae – 18 mainly P. ledebouriana, in combination with roses species, Apiaceae – 24 species, Scrophulariaceae (Rosa spinosissima), aspen lines (Populus tremula) – 17 species), mid-mountain shrub belt (Asteraceae and apple thickets (Malus sieversii) with a well- – 71 species, Fabaceae – 56 species, Poaceae – 49 developed shrub layer of Rosa spinosissima and P. species, Rosaceaе – 43 species, Ranunculaceae – ledebouriana. 39 species, Brassicaceae – 21 species, Apiaceae Thickets of shrubs occur on the rocky southern – 24 species, Scrophulariaceae – 20 species), slopes. Here, many individuals of Atraphaxis high-mountain shrub belt (Asteraceae – 18 species, laetevirens, Calophaca howenii, and Spiraea Fabaceae – 26 species, Poaceae – 18 species, hypericifolia are found in addition to Prunus Rosaceaе – 21 species, Ranunculaceae – 14 species, ledebouriana. Poaceae family in these shrubs is Brassicaceae – 9 species, Apiaceae – 8 species, mostly represented by Bothriochloa ischaemum Scrophulariaceae – 7 species). Family Asteraceae Meadowsweet and caragana thickets (Spiraea – 75 species, Fabaceae – 56 species, Poaceae –52 hypericifolia, S. trilobata, Caragana camilli- species, Rosaceaе – 43 species and Ranunculaceae schnеideri, C. frutex) prevail together with dry –39 species. steppe’s wormwood-turf-grasses communities (Stipa capillata, S. sareptana, Festuca valesiaca, Phleum phleoides, Artemisia marschalliana, A. sublessingiana, A. compacta, and Carex pediformis). Shrub thickets (P. ledebouriana) at the top of the hills are represented by small groups under the rocks with the dominating meadowsweet (Spiraea trilobata), Cotoneaster uniflorus, and juniper (Juniperus sibirica) with fescue and petrophytic grasses in the lower level (Festuca valesiaca, Stipa capillata, Potentilla acaulis). On this territory, 511 species representing 52 families grow with P. ledebouriana. Families Figure 7 – The percentage of the diversity of species belonging with largest species numbers: Asteraceae (75 to large families growing with Prunus ledebouriana in the terri- species), Fabaceae (56 species), Poaceae (52 tory of the Tarbagatai State National Park. species), Rosaceaе (43 species), Ranunculaceae (39 species). Species diversity: Asteraceae 22%; Fabaceae 17%; Poaceae 16%; Rosaceaе 13%; Figure 7 shows a diagram of the percentage Ranunculaceae 12%; Brassicaceae 7%; Apiaceae ratio of species diversity from different families 7%; and Scrophulariaceae 6% from the total number growing with Prunus ledebouriana on the territory of species growing with P. ledebouriana. Thus, a of the Tarbagatai State National Park: Asteraceae wide range of phytocenotic diversity with a high 22%; Fabaceae 17%; Poaceae 16%; Rosaceaе 13%; species richness has been identified in the limited Ranunculaceae 12%; Brassicaceae 7%; Apiaceae territory of the Tarbagatai State National Park and 7% и Scrophulariaceae 6%. its surroundings. The conservation and restoration of biological diversity is mostly ensured by the nature Conclusion conservation status of the “Tarbagatai” State national park. The research results can be used for species Species composition analysis of P. ledebouriana identification and organization of conservation cenopopulation on the territory of “Tarbagatai” State activities for the rare plant species P. ledebouriana.

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