Caractérisation Structurale Et Potentiel Biologique Des Polysaccharides Issus De Plantago Notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) Et Urginea Noctiflora Batt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Caractérisation Structurale Et Potentiel Biologique Des Polysaccharides Issus De Plantago Notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) Et Urginea Noctiflora Batt UNIVERSITE CLERMONT-AUVERGNE UNIVERSITE KASDI-MERBAH OUARGLA ECOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DE LA VIE, SANTE, AGRONOMIE, ENVIRONNEMENT Thèse Présentée à l‟Université Kasdi-Merbah (Ouargla) Pour l‟obtention du grade de DOCTEUR D’UNIVERSITE (Spécialité : Biologie et santé) Soutenue le 21 novembre 2017 Fatima BENAOUN Caractérisation Structurale et Potentiel Biologique des Polysaccharides issus de Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) et Urginea noctiflora Batt. et Trab. (Liliaceae) Mme FRUITIER-ARNAUDIN Ingrid, Maitre de Conférences HDR, Université de La Rochelle (Rapporteur). Mme SMAIL-SAADOUN Noria, Professeur, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi- Ouzou (Rapporteur). Mme MOULTI-MATI Farida, Professeur, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi- Ouzou. M. MICHAUD Philippe, Professeur, Université Clermont-Auvergne (Directeur). M. OULD EL HADJ Mohamed Didi, Professeur, Université Kasdi-Merbah-Ouargla. M. PIERRE Guillaume, Maitre de Conférences, Université Clermont-Auvergne. Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, 68178 AUBIERE, France Remerciements Avant tout, je remercie Dieu tout puissant de m’avoir donné la force, le courage,la persistance et m’a permis d’exploiter les moyens disponibles à fin d’accomplir ce modeste travail. Merci de m’avoir éclairé le chemin de la réussite, Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse en cotutelle ont été menés essentiellement en collaboration entre lelaboratoire CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France de l’Institut Pascal de l’Université Clermont-Auvergne et le laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones Arides et Semi Arides de l’Université Kasdi Merbah de Ouargla, Au terme de ce travail j’adresse mes profonds remerciements aux Professeurs Evelyne Gille et Claude-Gilles Dussap pour m’avoir accueillie dans l’Axe GePeB de l’Institut Pascal de l’Université Clermont-Auvergne, J’exprime toute mes profondes gratitudes à mes directeurs de thèse ; les Professeurs Philippe Michaud et Mohamed Didi Ould El Hadj. Ce travail est le fruit de vos efforts. Je vous remercie vivement pour votre soutien, pour vos conseils et vos disponibilités qui m’ont permis d’atteindre les objectifs visés, Je remercie le Professeur Noria Smail-Saadoun et le Docteur Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin qui ont accepté avec bienveillance de juger cette thèse. Vos suggestions et remarques ont été appréciées et me permettront de compléter mes connaissances, Je remercie également le Professeur Farida Moulti-Mati pour son expertise et le temps qu’elle a consacré à la lecture de ce manuscrit. Un grand merci au Docteur Guillaume Pierre pour son encadrement, sa disponibilité, sa grande patience et pour m’avoir transmis ses connaissances dans le domaine de la glycochimie. Qu’il soit également remercié pour son aide précieuse lors de la rédaction de ce manuscrit, des articles scientifiques et pour m’avoir donné l’opportunité de présenter mes travaux lors de congrès internationaux. Je remercie les Docteurs Cédric Delattre et Zakaria Boual pour leur encadrement, encouragements et pour leur aide scientifique. Je tiens à exprimer ma profonde reconnaissance à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à la réalisation de ce travail, sans oublier ma famille pour le soutien tout au long de la période mes études. Table des Matières REMERCIEMENTS TABLE DES MATIERES LISTE DES FIGURES LISTE DES TABLEAUX LISTE DES EQUATIONS LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 ETAT DE L’ART ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 GENERALITES SUR LES PLANTES SAHARIENNES .................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Plantes médicinales du Sahara et Ethnobotanique ...................................................................... 5 2.1.1.1 Importance et utilisations ................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.1.2 Phytochimie et effets des métabolites végétaux ............................................................................. 11 2.1.1.3 Facteurs généraux influençant les activités biologiques .................................................................. 12 2.1.1.4 Principales familles botaniques ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1.5 Physiologie et répartition............................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Famille des Plantaginaceae ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2.1 Présentation et physiologie ........................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2.2 Genre Plantago ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.3 Famille des Liliaceae ................................................................................................................. 21 2.1.3.1 Présentation et physiologie ........................................................................................................... 21 2.1.3.2 Genre Urginea ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 GENERALITES SUR LES POLYSACCHARIDES ..................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 Biochimie des polysaccharides .................................................................................................. 28 2.2.1.1 Structure des glucides ................................................................................................................... 30 ème 2.2.1.2 Potentiel de la glycomique au 21 siècle...................................................................................... 33 2.2.2 Les polysaccharides végétaux ................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2.1 Les celluloses................................................................................................................................. 37 2.2.2.2 Les hémicelluloses ......................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.2.3 Les pectines .................................................................................................................................. 52 2.3 ACTIVITES DES XYLANES ........................................................................................................................... 59 2.3.1 Propriétés physico-chimiques ................................................................................................... 61 2.3.2 Propriétés biologiques .............................................................................................................. 67 3 MATERIELS ET METHODES .................................................................................................................... 79 3.1 MATERIEL BIOLOGIQUE ET CHOIX DES PLANTES .............................................................................................. 79 3.2 PREPARATION DE LA MATIERE PREMIERE ...................................................................................................... 80 3.3 EXTRACTION ET PURIFICATION DES POLYSACCHARIDES ..................................................................................... 81 3.4 ANALYSE DE LA COMPOSITION GLOBALE DES POLYSACCHARIDES. ........................................................................ 85 3.4.1 Dosage des sucres totaux ......................................................................................................... 86 3.4.2 Dosage des oses neutres et acides ............................................................................................ 86 3.4.3 Dosage des sucres réducteurs ................................................................................................... 88 3.4.4 Dosage des protéines ............................................................................................................... 89 3.4.5 Dosage des composés phénoliques totaux ................................................................................ 89 3.4.6 Analyses infrarouge (IR-TF) ....................................................................................................... 90 3.5 CARACTERISATION STRUCTURALE ............................................................................................................... 92 3.5.1 Composition en monosaccharides ............................................................................................. 92 3.5.1.1 Dépolymérisation chimique des polysaccharides ............................................................................ 92 3.5.1.2 Analyse par chromatographie ionique ............................................................................................ 94 3.5.1.3 Analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse .................... 96 3.5.2 Analyse des liaisons glycosidiques par CPG/SM ......................................................................... 99 3.5.2.1 Préparation du réactif NaOH/DMSO............................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • A Systematic Review of Antiglycation Medicinal Plants
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 13 (2019) 1225e1229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsx Review A systematic review of antiglycation medicinal plants * Fatemeh Asgharpour Dil a , Zahra Ranjkesh a, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi b, a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran article info abstract Article history: Background and objectives: The present review shows a list of anti-glycation plants with their anti- Received 12 January 2019 glycation activity mechanisms that can attract the attention of pharmacologist for further scientific Accepted 25 January 2019 research towards finding better remedy for diabetic complications. Materials: Google scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The terms were advanced Keywords: glycation end products (AGEs), medicinal plants, antiglycation products. Advanced glycation end products Results: plants that studied in this review inhibit glycation in several possible mechanisms. Some of Diabetes these plants inhibit the production of shiff base and amadori products. The others inhibit the generation Antiglycation plants of amadori products in the advanced phase. Some others blocked the aggregation of AGEs and some plants have antioxidant activity and reduce AGEs formation by preventing oxidation of amadori product and metal-catalyzed glucoxidation. Conclusion: This review can help pharmacologist to find antiglycation natural substance that can be useful in treatment of diabetic complications. © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Diabetes India. 1. Introduction reduce glycation-associated disease. A variety of natural and syn- thetic compounds have been evaluated to test their anti-glycation Proteins in human body can take part in reaction with sugars in properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Vegetation of the Oytagh Valleys: Phytogeography of an Isolated Coniferous Mountain Forest in Arid Central Asia (Western Kunlun Shan, China)
    Flora and vegetation of the Oytagh Valleys: Phytogeography of an isolated coniferous mountain forest in arid Central Asia (Western Kunlun Shan, China) UBBO WüNDISCH W. BERNHARD DICKORÉ & GEORG MIEHE ABSTRACT WÜNOlSCH, U., W. B. OlCKORÉ & G. MIEHE (2003). Flora and vegetation ofthe Oytagh Val­ leys: Phytogeography of an isolated coniferous mountain forest in arid Central Asia (Western Kunlun Shan, China). Cal/do//ea 58: 215-269. In English, English, French and German abstracts. An annotated list of f10wering plants and ferns from the westernmost fringe of the Kunlun Shan Mountains and adjacent Chinese Eastern Pamir, and an overview on the vegetation of the upper Oytagh Valleys is presented. In total, 431 species ofvascular plants (4 Ptel'idophyta, 3 COl/ifel'ae, 3 Gnetopsida, 321 Dicoty/edol/eae, 100 MOl/ocoty/edoneae) are reported with their respective alti­ tudinal range, autecological and distributional features. A list of mosses (31 Musci, 1 Hepaticae) and lichens (27 species) is appended. The phytogeographical position and differentiation of the area, phytodiversity and utilisation properties of the natural ressources are discussed. RÉSUMÉ WÜNDISCH, U., W. B. DICKORÉ & G. MIEHE (2003). Flore et végétation des vallées d'Oy­ tagh: phytogéographie d'une forêt isolée de coniféres d'une montagne d'Asie Centrale (Kunlun Shan occidental, Chine). Cal/dol/ea 58: 215-269. En anglais, résumés anglais, français et alle­ mand. Les auteurs présentent un bref aperçu des unités végétales de la haute vallée d'Oytagh et une liste commentée des plantes vasculaires du Kunlun Shan occidental et du Pamir oriental chinois. 431 espéces de plantes vasculaires (4 Ptel'idophyta, 3 COl/iferae, 3 GI/etopsida, 321 Dicotyledol/eae, 100 MOl/ocotyledoneae) sont listées avec leur distribution selon l'altitude et leurs caractéristiques autécologiques et chorologiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Structure and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Salicornia Europaea L
    molecules Review Chemical Structure and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Salicornia europaea L. Sojeong Kim 1, Eun-Young Lee 2, Prima F. Hillman 2, Jaeyoung Ko 3 , Inho Yang 4,* and Sang-Jip Nam 2,* 1 Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; [email protected] (E.-Y.L.); primafi[email protected] (P.F.H.) 3 AMOREPACIFIC Research and Development Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; jaeyoungko@amorepacific.com 4 Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.Y.); [email protected] (S.-J.N.); Tel.: +82-51-410-5398 (I.Y.); +82-23-277-6805 (S.-J.N.) Abstract: Salicornia europaea L. is a halophyte that grows in salt marshes and muddy seashores, which is widely used both as traditional medicine and as an edible vegetable. This salt-tolerant plant is a source of diverse secondary metabolites with several therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the chemical structure and biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Salicornia europaea L. Keywords: Salicornia europaea L.; halophyte; phytochemicals; secondary metabolites Citation: Kim, S.; Lee, E.-Y.; Hillman, P.F.; Ko, J.; Yang, I.; Nam, S.-J. Chemical Structure and Biological 1. Introduction Activities of Secondary Metabolites Salicornia europaea L., also known as Salicornia herbacea L., is a halophyte belonging to from Salicornia europaea L. Molecules the Chenopodiaceae subfamily with many common names including glasswort, sea beans, 2021, 26, 2252.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Species of Psammophyte Flora in Transboundary Areas of Southern Siberia and Mongolia
    BIO Web of Conferences 16, 00006 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600006 Results and Prospects of Geobotanical Research in Siberia Rare species of psammophyte flora in transboundary areas of Southern Siberia and Mongolia Vladimir Doronkin¹*, Natalya Vlasova¹, Nanjidsuren Ochgerel², Luvsanbaldan Enkhtuya² and Tovuudorj Munkh-Erdene² ¹ Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya st., 101, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation ² Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Jukov st., 77, 210351, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Abstract. Data on distribution of 3 rare species which occur in sandy arrays of cross-border territories of Southern Siberia and Mongolia are provided: Iris psammocola, Iris loczyi (Iridaceae) and Vicia tsydenii (Fabaceae), a brief characteristic of their cenopopulation is given. The originality of the plant communities which occur in sandy arrays allows a number of authors to distinguish them as special florocenotype-psammophyton (Psammophyton) [1]. The structure of vegetative cover of sandy arrays considerably depends on the relief and degree of the substrate coherence [2]. In the south of the Tuva Republic in the reserved area "Ubsu-Nur Depression" the cluster of "Tsuger-Els" was investigated. It represents a sandy mane extended from the northwest to the southeast along the left riverbank of the Tes-Hem. To the northwest of mane there is big fresh lake Tore-Hol. Within the cluster a wavy undulating land prevails. The total area of Tsuger-Els sands covers about 60 km². Similar arrays proceed also in the territory of Mongolia - the Altan-Els sands entering the largest array Borig-Del. The cluster belongs to Ubsunursky plain desert-steppe province [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Tobata-Ayame: a New Variety of Iris Sanguinea Hornem. from Northern Kyushu, Japan
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 35(4), pp. 205–209, December 22, 2009 Tobata-ayame: A New Variety of Iris sanguinea Hornem. from Northern Kyushu, Japan Shinobu Akiyama and Tsukasa Iwashina Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Iris sanguinea Hornem. var. tobataensis S. Akiyama & Iwashina (Iridaceae), a dwarf plant with large flowers (5–7 cm across), from northern Kyushu, is described as new. Key words : extinct plant, Iris sanguinea var. tobataensis, new Iris, threatened plant. An undescribed species of Iris, known locally rences are preserved as natural monuments as “Tobata-ayame” or “Kozomino-no-ko-kakit- (Satake, 1982; Otaki, 1989). Tobata-ayame re- subata” occurs in Tobata, Kitakyushu City, sembles I. rossii in its dwarf stature and in the Fukuoka Pref., northern Kyushu. As early as outer perianth segments without a crest-like ap- 1875 this Iris was reported to grow in Kozomino, pendage, but differs from the latter in having Fukuoka Pref., and at that time was called “Ko- larger flowers, 5–7 cm across. kakitsubata” (Anonymous, 1875). According to Although Iris sanguinea Hornem. (var. the homepage of the city of Kitakyushu sauguinea Hornem. and var. yixingensis Y. T. (http.//www.city.kitakyushu.jp), wild populations Zhao) is a medium sized species, the color and of this Iris have been completely lost, although it shape of the flowers of Tobata-ayame are indis- has been maintained under cultivation. The rea- tinguishable from that species. It is also notice- son that it is undescribed appears to be due to its able that a dwarf cultivar ‘Pumila’ is known in I.
    [Show full text]
  • NOM NOM Plantlist Lieu De Récolte Origine Hemerocallis Esculenta Koidzumi Hemerocallis Esculenta Koidz
    NOM NOM Plantlist Lieu de récolte Origine Hemerocallis esculenta Koidzumi Hemerocallis esculenta Koidz. Xanthorrhoeaceae Iles Sakkhalines J.B. St. Petersbourg (Rs) Hemerocallis flava M Hotta. Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. Liliaceae Japon Hemerocallis middendorfii. Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. Liliaceae Russie Suisse Hemerocallis middendorfii. Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. Liliaceae Lyon Hemerocallis minor Hemerocallis minor Mill. Xanthorrhoeaceae Mt Chamar Daban (Rs) Mojmir Pavleka (Cz) Hemerocallis minor Hemerocallis minor Mill. Xanthorrhoeaceae Altaï Krai, 200 m (Rs) J.B. Osnabrûck (Ge) Iris acutiloba CA Mey. Iris acutiloba C.A.Mey. Iridaceae Iris albertii Regel. Iris albertii Regel. Iridaceae Iris albertii Regel. Iris albertii Regel. Iridaceae Ruffier Iris aphylla L. Iris aphylla L. Iridaceae Iris aphylla L. Iris aphylla L. Iridaceae Iris aphylla. Iris aphylla L. Iridaceae Iris aphylla. Iris aphylla L. Iridaceae Allemagne Iris arenaria W et K. Iris arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Iridaceae Iris atropurpurea Backer. Iris atropurpurea Backer. Iridaceae Iris balcana Janka. Iris reichenbachii Heuff. Iridaceae Iris barbata nana. Iris 'Barbata Nana' Iridaceae Lepage Iris bloudowi Ledeb. Iris bloudowi Ledeb. Iridaceae Kazakhstan Ruffier Iris bloudowi Ledeb. Iris bloudowi Ledeb. Iridaceae Sibérie Chitelet Iris bloudowii Ledeb. Iris bloudowii Ledeb. Iridaceae Iris bracteata S Watson. Iris bracteata S Watson. Iridaceae Iris brevicaulis Iris brevicaulis Raf. Iridaceae Iris bulleyana Iris bulleyana Dykes Iridaceae Cult. E. Lauroz Iris bulleyana Iris bulleyana Dykes Iridaceae Zheduo Shan, Sechuan (Sn) V. Holubec (Cz) Iris bulleyana Dykes Iris bulleyana Dykes Iridaceae Yunnan (Sn) J.B. Nancy (Ga) Iris caroliniana S Wats. Iris virginica L.. Iridaceae Iris caucasica Hoffmann. Iris caucasica Hoffmann. Iridaceae Iris caucasica. Iris caucasica Hoffmann. Iridaceae Iris chamaeiris Bertol.
    [Show full text]
  • Qinghai China Wildlife Tour Report 2012 Botanical Birdwatching Holiday Primulas Cypripediums Sichuan
    Qinghai Journey to the Stone Mountain A Greentours Tour Report 25th June – 11th July 2012 Led by Chris Gardner & Başak Gardner Day 1 25th June Departure We departed various European airports, Turkey and New Zealand. Day 2 26th June China - Chengdu Everyone and everything arrived at our hotel in the Tibetan quarter of Chengdu in time for a tasty dinner. Some had arrived in enough time to explore the nearby streets and sample the bustle of Chinese city life. Day 3 27th June Wolong Our last western breakfast for a while and then we set off through the confusing Chengdu streets choc-a-bloc with cars, scooters, bikes and buses. It did look like we’d escaped quite easily until it transpired we were on the wrong road. Fortunately not that wrong and a quick cross country detour via an extensive area of tree nurseries put us back on track and then climbing into the lush, green foothills although the road which passes alongside the thundering river was as rough in parts and still being put back together after the devastating earthquake of a few years ago. Nearer to our destination large bushes of Rosa filipes could be seen in the shrubberies and White-capped Water Redstart on a mid-stream boulder. A delicious lunch was followed by a foray into the incredible greenness first to a small gorge where we found many of the delicate blue Corydalis flexuosa, the peculiar hanging petals of Saxifraga rufescens, deep pink Geranium pylzowianum, a few flowers still on Deutzia longifolia, foamy masses of Rodgersia aesculifolia and then Joan spotted the towering stem of a Cardiocrinum giganteum ssp yunnanense on the slope above still with three or four good white Greentours Natrual History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 1 flowers enriched with crimson stripes.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographia Phytosociologica Et Floristica Mongolia: Pars IV Werner Hilbig Petershausen, Germany
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Halle-Wittenberg Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 2016 Bibliographia phytosociologica et floristica Mongolia: Pars IV Werner Hilbig Petershausen, Germany Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Hilbig, Werner, "Bibliographia phytosociologica et floristica Mongolia: Pars IV" (2016). Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298. 164. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol/164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Hilbig in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei (2016) band 13: 83-122. Copyright 2016, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale). Used by permission. Erforsch. biol. Ress. Mongolei (Halle/Saale) 2016 (13): 83-122 Bibliographia phytosociologica et floristica Mongolia1 Pars IV W. Hilbig Abstract In Ergänzung zu den bisherigen drei Teilen der Bibliographie vegetationskundlicher, vegeta- tionsökologischer, floristischer und pflanzengeographischer Arbeiten über die Mongolei wird in dieser Arbeit Teil IV der Bibliographie vorgelegt. Er umfasst im Wesentlichen den Zeitraum 2007 bis 2014. Auch Publikationen zur Vegetationsgeschichte und zum botanischen Naturschutz wer- den berücksichtigt.
    [Show full text]
  • The High-Mountain Pastures of the Eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan)
    The high-mountain pastures of the Eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan) An evaluation of the ecological basis and the pasture potential Die Hochgebirgsweiden im Ostpamir (Tadschikistan) - Eine Studie zur Ermittlung der ökologischen Grundlagen und des Weidepotenzials Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Kim André Vanselow aus Flensburg Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissen- schaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 3. Februar 2011 Vorsitzender der Promotionskommision: Prof. Dr. Rainer Fink Erstberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Cyrus Samimi Zweitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Michael Richter 2 “In 1952, I saw the Pamirs for the first time, and I realised that everything before had been just a prelude.” Okmir Agakhanjanz, Na Pamire - Sapiski Geobotanika (On the Pamirs - Chronicles of a Geobotanist, Moscow 1980) 3 4 Abstract Aim: The breakup of the Soviet Union and the associated independence of Tajikistan in 1991 resulted in significant structural changes in the political and socio-economic framework of this area. Specifically the Eastern Pamirs, a peripheral and ecologically disadvantaged region in the outermost east of Tajikistan, was heavily dependent on the economical integration and the structure of subsidies within the USSR. The production of meat, and therefore animal husbandry, was the region’s principal duty within the framework of the Soviet state-directed economy, with vital goods and energy sources being imported. The allocation of pastureland was subject to a management plan with up to four seasonal pasture camps, particularly the use of remotely located pastures was supported. Today, shortages of financial and transportation resources, as well as energy supply, could possibly lead to a concentration of livestock numbers on pastures in the vicinity of the permanent settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants Present in New Zealand
    List of plants present in New Zealand June 2021 Approval/Reference Species Taxonomic authority Category Number Acacia midgleyi M.W. McDonald & Maslin BER00001 Plant Achnatherum sibiricum (L.) Keng ex Tzvelev PNZ1000087 Plant (Ardoino) Lledo, A.P.Davis & Acis nicaeensis BER00001 Plant M.B.Crespo Acroceras macrum Staph S2607006 Plant Acronychia acidula F.Muell. PNZ1000089 Plant Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ex Roxb. PNZ1000089 Plant Aerangis clavigera BER00001 Plant Agapetes smithiana Sleumer PNZ1000089 Plant Agathis dammara APP202404 Plant Alchemilla pinnata Ruiz & Pav. PNZ1000087 Plant Aleurites montana (Lour.) E.H.Wilson PNZ1000089 Plant Aloe angelica PNZ1000042 Plant Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzl) Benth BER00001 Plant Alstonia venenata R.Br. PNZ1000089 Plant Amomum zedoaria Christm., 1779 BER00001 Plant Androcymbium gramineum (Cav.) J.F.Macbr. PNZ1000089 Plant Androcymbium hierrense A.Santos PNZ1000089 Plant Androcymbium palaestinum Baker PNZ1000089 Plant Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter PNZ1000089 Plant Androcymbium striatum Willd. BER00001 Plant Androcymbium wyssianum Beauverd & Turrett. PNZ1000089 Plant Annona montana Macfad. PNZ1000089 Plant Annona purpurea Moç. & Sessé ex Dunal PNZ1000089 Plant Annona scleroderma Saff. PNZ1000089 Plant Annona senegalensis Pers. PNZ1000089 Plant Annona x atemoya Mabb. PNZ1000071 Plant Aquilegia 'Sunburst Ruby' BER00001 Plant Argyroderma amoenum Schwantes 1929 S2604014 Plant Argyroderma angustipetalum L.Bolus 1934 S2604014 Plant Argyroderma aureum L.Bolus 1934 S2604014 Plant Argyroderma australe L.Bolus
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on the Medicinal Importance of Iris Species
    © 2018 JETIR November 2018, Volume 5, Issue 11 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) A review on the medicinal Importance of Iris species Ghulam Mustafa Rather*1, Ranjana singh2, Irfan Rashid Thokar3 and Arif Hussain Bhat4 1,3,4Research Scholars Department of Botany, Government M.V.M. Bhopal. 2 Professor Department of Botany Government M.V.M. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used in different systems of medicine from centuries. Among the most important medicinal plants Iris species have also been included in this category which belongs to family Iridaceae. It has wide range of medicinal and pharmacological uses. Rhizomes of some Iris species are rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as flavonoids, xanthones, stilbenes, simple phenolics, iridal type triterpenoids, quinines and irones. Isoflavonoids are the major constituents of all Iris species and about 50 different isoflavonoids in the form of diglucosides, triglucosides are reported in Iris. Consumption of isoflavonoids is reported to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer and also have diverse biological activities like antimicrobial, estrogenic and insecticidal. Further research work is needed to explore the wide range of applications of Iris species, so that maximum utilization can be done for human welfare. The aim of this review is to analyze already published work on ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary uses of genus Iris. Keywords: Iris species, Secondary metabolites, Medicinal uses. INTRODUCTION The allopathic medicines are the modern ones developed on the back of science in medicine. It is an artificial creation. The contents of all allopathic medicines mostly are chemicals synthesized in a lab.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Antikinetoplastid Compounds From
    IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIKINETOPLASTID COMPOUNDS FROM PSOROTHAMNUS POLYDENIUS AND P. ARBORESCENS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University BY Manar Mahfouz Salem Hemida, B.S., M.S. * * * * * THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved By Professor Karl A. Werbovetz, Adviser Professor A. Douglas Kinghorn Professor Ching-Shih Chen Adviser Graduate Program in Pharmacy Copyright by Manar Mahfouz Salem Hemida 2005 ABSTRACT Parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis remain a major public health problem. They exact a heavy toll of illness and death especially in developing countries. Common chemotherapeutic agents currently used are often inadequate, requiring long courses of parenteral administration, having toxic side effects or are becoming less effective due to the emergence of resistant strains. Thus, there is an urgent need for new, effective, and inexpensive drugs. Natural products are important sources of novel therapeutic agents in the fight against parasitic diseases. The goal of our research is to identify effective antileishmanial and trypanocidal agents from plant sources using a systematic approach. A natural products library of a representative diversity was screened for antiparasitic activity against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The active samples were further evaluated regarding their toxicity versus mammalian cell lines. From the results, the plant genus Psorothamnus was identified as a promising source of potential new antiparasitic compounds. ii Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Psorothamnus polydenius yielded the new chalcone, 2,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′- dimethylchalcone, together with six other known compounds, 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′- methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone, dalrubone, demethoxymatteucinol, eriodictyol, oleanolic acid and photodalrubone.
    [Show full text]