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WO 2018/189638 Al W! (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/189638 Al 18 October 2018 (18.10.2018) W!PO PCT (51) International Patent Classification: dullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, A 31/08 (2006.01) A01N 31/14 (2006.01) 23955-6900 (SA). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/IB20 18/052425 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (22) International Filing Date: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, 06 April 2018 (06.04.2018) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (25) Filing Language: English HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (26) Publication Langi English MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (30) Priority Data: OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, 62/484,173 11 April 2017 ( 11.04.2017) US SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, 62/641,491 12 March 20 18 (12.03.20 18) US TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicant: KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [SA/SA]; 4700 King kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Technol GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, ogy Transfer Office, Thuwal, 23955-6900 (SA). UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, (72) Inventors: AL-BABILI, Salim; 4700 King Abdullah Uni EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, versity of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, (SA). AROLD, Stefan Theodor; 4700 King Abdullah Uni TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, versity of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (SA). HAMEED, Umar Farook Shahul; 4700 King Ab (54) Title: METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ROOT PARASITIC WEEDS: INHIBITORS OF SEED GERMINATION IN STRIGA 00 00 FICJ, 00 (57) Abstract: Herbicides, systems, and methods for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant are provided. In particular, the o herbicide includes an active compound represented by Formula 1. In this regard, the active compound is selected to bind to an active site of strigolactone receptors in seeds of the root parasitic plant. [Continued on nextpage] WO 2018/189638 Al llll II II 11III II I I II I I I II II 11III II I II Declarations under Rule 4.17: — as to the identity of the inventor (Rule 4.1 7(i)) — as to applicant's entitlement to applyfor and be granted a patent (Rule 4.1 7(H)) Published: — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) — in black and white; the international application as filed contained color or greyscale and is availablefor download from PATENTSCOPE METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ROOT PARASITIC WEEDS: INHIBITORS OF SEED GERMINATION IN STRIGA CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to US Patent Application No. 62/484,173 filed April 11, 2017, and US Patent Application No. 62/641,491 filed March 12, 2018, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The presently-disclosed invention relates generally to inhibiting root parasitic plant growth, and more particularly to herbicides, systems, and methods for inhibiting germination of root parasitic plants without affecting germination of host plants. BACKGROUND [0003] Root parasitic plants of the Orobanchaceae family cause severe yield losses in different crops, including cereals, legumes, sunflowers and different Solanaceae species. Seeds of these plants persist in the soil for very long time and germinate only after perceiving chemical signals from host plants, ensuring the survival of the germinating parasite. The germination signals are usually strigolactones, a group of carotenoid-derived plant hormones that are also released by plant roots into the soil. However, plants do not release strigolactones into soil to attract parasites but rather to invite mycorrhizal fungi to establish the known beneficial mycorrhizal symbiosis. Emerging seedlings of root parasitic plants develop the so called haustorium that connects them to the roots of the host plant, enabling to siphon water, minerals and sugars from the host. Root parasitic weeds have different host specificities. For instance, Striga species like S. asiatica, S. aspera, S. forbesii, and particularly S. hermonthica infest cereals, such as sorghum, maize, millet and rice, while S. gesnerioides attacks cowpea and other legumes. In the Middle East, India and large parts of Europe, Orobanche and Phelipanche species infest dicotyledonous crops including tomato, tobacco, carrot, clovers, cucumber, sunflower and legumes. These weeds are widely spread, threatening around 16 million hectares of farmland in the Mediterranean and West Asia. Striga parasitism is one of the seven most severe threats to food security, leading to enormous yield losses in many parts of the world. However, it is difficult to prevent germination of Striga without harming host plant germination. [0004] Accordingly, there exists a need for inhibiting seed germination in Striga while permitting seed germination in host plants. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] One or more embodiments of the invention may address one or more of the aforementioned problems. Certain embodiments provide herbicides, systems, and methods for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant. In one aspect, an herbicide for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant is provided. The herbicide may include an active compound represented b Formula I: -4 such that Ri is selected from the group consisting of: , a carboxyl group, and an acyl group, wherein when Ri is the carboxyl group or the acyl group, Ri optionally includes a straight chain Ci-C alkyl group between O and the carboxyl group or the acyl group; R2 is a straight chain or branched C6-Cio alkyl group; and n is from 1 to 40. The active compound may be selected to bind to an active site of at least one strigolactone receptor in seeds of the root parasitic plant. [0006] In another aspect, a system for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant is provided. The system may include an herbicide and a host plant. The herbicide may include an active compound represented b Formula I: such that Ri is selected from the group consisting of: a carboxyl group, and an acyl group, wherein when Ri is the carboxyl group or the acyl group, Ri optionally includes a straight chain Ci-C alkyl group between O and the carboxyl group or the acyl group; R2 is a straight chain or branched C6-Cio alkyl group; and n is from 1 to 40. The active compound of the herbicide may be selected to bind to an active site of at least one strigolactone receptor in seeds of the root parasitic plant without affecting germination of the host plant. [0007] In yet another aspect, a method for inhibiting germination of a root parasitic plant is provided. The method may include applying an herbicide to a planting area for a host plant before seed germination of the root parasitic plant. The herbicide may include an active compound represented b Formula I: such that Ri is selected from the group consisting of: , a carboxyl group, and an acyl group, wherein when Ri is the carboxyl group or the acyl group, Ri optionally includes a straight chain Ci-C alkyl group between O and the carboxyl group or the acyl group; R2 is a straight chain or branched C6-Cio alkyl group; and n is from 1 to 40. The active compound of the herbicide may be selected to bind to an active site of at least one strigolactone receptor in seeds of the root parasitic plant without affecting germination of the host plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) [0008] Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: [0009] FIG. 1 illustrates various structures of strigolactones; [0010] FIG. 2 illustrates the life cycle of root parasitic plants; [0011] FIG. 3 illustrates how strigolactones shape the architecture of plants; [0012] FIG. 4 illustrates the structural and functional homology of strigolactones and karrikin receptors; [0013] FIG. 5 illustrates the crystal structure of the Striga strigolactone receptor ShHTL7 bound to a polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether; [0014] FIG. 6 illustrates that the polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether binds specifically to ShHTL7 and blocks strigolactone binding sites, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; [0015] FIG. 7 illustrates the electron density of polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether in an ShHTL7 bound structure and cysteine converted to sulfinic acid in an S95C mutant, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; [0016] FIG. 8 illustrates how a polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether binds tightly to ShHTL7 and inhibits substrate hydrolysis, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; [0017] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate how polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether specifically inhibits Striga germination but does not affect the host plant rice, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; [0018] FIG.
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