MAGAZINE and BOOK MAGAZINE SECTION and BOOK SECTION PART V11 TVV El -VE PAGES SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1920~ « fMI PART VII TWELVE PAGES Müierand, Man of Unshakable iSVill, Forsook Socialism And_Achieved Presidency AiEter Twenty-Five-Year Fi_*ht New Chief Executive of France Suf¬ fered Many Disasters in Vindication of His Bullheadedness Career Causes Enemies to Calí Strange Him Dictator By Fred B. Pitney i powers of the president and make Ip ALEXANDRE | him, rather than the Premier, the MILLERAND, lently opposed the military credits formation of the of President of France, has an am¬ ruler of France. Many saw in the party Unified demanded by the government and Socialist, in that no bition left he has not proposal a change from a parliamen¬ 1904, Socialist unsatisfied, sought to force France to disarm could take office under put it in words. The two ends tary to an autocratic government, when all her any except and cried neighbors were arm¬ a Socia nment, and formally he-sought to which he has given ex¬ they "Napoleon!" And the ing more Millerand cries grew louder heavily. fought expelled Millerand from the rarty pression have both been accom¬ when ho declared the Socialist program both with his for He has been Premier and within an hour after his election voice and accepting a portfolio in a plished. that his vote. He was largely bourgeois cabinet. le is now Pr< ¡dent. he himself would conduct the instrumental in the carrying through Some men can lie under the tree A^ain Expelled and the apples will fall into their There came in 1913 two more mouths. So it would almost seem fights with the Socialists. The first to be with Millcrand. Twenty-five was at the beginning of the year, .ye*rs ago he expressed the ambition just Premier of preceding the Presidential elec¬ to become France and tion on President of the republic. Ten January 18. Poincaré was years Premier and a candidate for later he was expelled from the the Presidency. Millerand was branch of the Socialist party that had Minis¬ ter of War. On January 1Q it was been electing him to the Chamber of announced in Le Journal for fifteen and in Officiel Deputies years, that Lieutenant Colonel du do five he was Paty another years officially Clam had been reinstated in from the Socialist his mili¬ expelled party of tary rank and given a France. Five when commission years ago, Min¬ in the territorial army. Du ister cf he -.va« one of the Paty War, chief de Clam had been one of the chief causes contributing to the downfall witnesses against Dreyfus in the first oí the Vivía-.; Cal inet and, after the Dreyfus trial and had been driven cabinet fell, went around the coun¬ out of the army at the time of the try for wee'"', making speeches de¬ Dreyfus revision. He had charged fending himself against the charges then that his regimental reports had brought against him by his old ene¬ been tampered with and forged by the mies, the Socialists. DESCRA- LEY- .Minister of War. When pAÜLNEL, who lias ftEORQES^ Millerand Man of Iron Will GUES, the new restored the disgraced officer to his just resigned as Prime Minister former rank the Socialists immedi¬ He was i bul'.headed, people President ately took advantage of the and his huiiheadeiness had n< ¡ oppor* tunity to attempt to revive the en¬ ruined France, her to t brought tire Dreyfus scandal, and there was very edgo of defeat. Millerand v.. a bitter in outcry against Millerand, so deep disgrace and humiliation with loud and insistent demands for that it did not - ible he could his resignation and for the resigna¬ ever emerge. But when the war was tion of the whole Poincaré govern¬ won Frai 1 a bullheaded ment. man to rule the recovered provinces of A: Millerand at first refused to resign , and Mil« and explained that th« reinstatement 1er; r the post, anc of du Paty de Clam was a purely I o Paris routine affair. to he It had not come be- Premier.the first of his am fore the cabinet, and M. Poii biti ms ! h And as Pre had no responsibility in the matl mior it WH3 once more his bullhead In the 1911, sa.d M. Millerand, M. edness, very quality that causee simy, then Minister <>f had h\< deep humiliation in tha War, 1915, agreed to restore du Paty do < br ught him the enthusiastic suppor to the of the army, provided he would with¬ French nation. He insist» draw his charges of mad. i-ornly and tha forgery passionately _!_< connection with the affair. peace should France the Dreyfus bring fruit Du Paty de Clam had finally ace. of victory« Lloyd George could no CAPTAIN^ ALFRED ed the vheedle DREYFUS, whose trial RAYMOND terms and withdrawn the him; Y/ilson could not driv *l POINCARE, charges, and M. Millerand hdd car¬ had an on who meed, his election as him; Giolitti could not persuade him important effect ried out the agreement made M. could Mille-rand's career President to Millerand's self- by Germany not bluff him an Messimy on behalf of tho Ministry Lénine and Trotzky could not scar sacrifice and friendship of War. him. So, when Deschanel was force foreign affairB of the country and i_ to resign the the that he would carry on the negotia¬ of the government program, and Resigns as War Minister Presidency, appl tions in fell into Millerand's mouth. He wa personally, rather than leave January, 1914, the Socialist Fed- The explanation, however, did not them to the Minister eration of the triumphantly elected President c of Foreign Af¬ J Seine, which had rc- Millerand's enemies. under the turned him satisfy They the republic, and the second of hi fairs, acting direction of regularly to the Cham- continued to the Cabinet. To be the consti¬ ber since attack him and through- ambitions was realized. sure, 1889, formally expelled him tution of France says the President him on the charge of treason to the Poincaré. Tho election was only Millerand's career,, however, iHui a few trates can conduct negotiations with for¬ Socialist party. days away, and it looked as something besides the Newtoi nations and though the threatened scandal would ian of the of eign make treaties, but Millerand accepted the action theory law gravity an it is a cause Poincaré's defeat. Poincaré th8 of prerogative no President has with the utmost coolness. "I am triumph bullheadedness. 1 ever stood by Millerand and wanted the shows exercised. to-day what I was ho how patriotism and ambitlo yesterday," whole cabinet to go out, but Mille¬ can go hand in President Millerand has appointed said, and went before his hand and how trt constitu7 rand would not permit that. He re¬ patriotism as his first Premier M. Georges ents for reelection as an inde¬ leads to the ultima1 signed January 12 and on the 18th Leygues and has Premier RAND a,, y at pendent statesman, returned height-s. It shows with remarkah given mg Folkestone being Poincaré was elected a **''¦"¦Jl.JILLEa In that the two President. Mil¬ fidelity the development of a state Leygues ready-made cabinet. The for conference with Lloyd George, triumphantly. year lerand said: man's reason for the appointment is ob¬ Above Late of the new branches of the Socialist party, the mind from left to right- photograph "The situation Is «peaking in the terms of vious. President Millerand first of¬ revolutionary branch, led by Guesde, very simple. politics- From the moment that a certain tinder the influence of fered the appointment to four other and the revisionists, who had fal¬ patriotisn number of my friends told me that the at the men, any one of whom would have lowed Millerand in the St. Mande beginning extreme left i they believed my resignation would the youthful enthusiast dreams made a stronger Premier and cre¬ program, came together in the new help my friend, Poincaré, I was de¬ the abstract terms of the univer! ated a better impression on the Council, and for five years continued party of Unified Socialists, but Mil¬ than lerand seen with the biased eye. termined to leave the cabinet." >nd the internationale and the swir country M. Leygues. But any as a Socialist representative in that lerand ignored them and continued to one of the other four would Nevertheless, the St. Mande pro- as an ¡nd< while con- Poincaré returned the favor sty tha right as the drenm as.sumt have in¬ body, devoting himself chiefly to leg¬ pendent, they sisted on Premier in j gram was only a step in a logical sidered it the safer to years later when he made substance, shadows become real ai being accord¬ islation that would ease the situation policy ignore Millerand, ance development. The Dreyfus affair his thf.n still under tho cloud of So¬ the abstract ideal of the intern with the established constitu¬ of women and children. In national expulsion by the Federation of the tional of the brought about the next step. Mille the Seine. ns far as Millerand cialist attacks, Governor of Alsace- tonale changes to the concrete e practice country. They politics he was a bitter enemy of Thus, rand had no prominent part in himself was to hia äty of the nation. would have insisted on directing and was a leader in the concerned, he was an Lorraine, leading appointment Boulanger that but it made him do a policy and being responsible to Par¬ organization of l'Union de la Jeu¬ affair, independent in politics, while foi as Premier at the beginning of this Reason» for Distrust liament and not to the President. deal of thinking, and, when Wal- the Socialists he was a member of year and now to his election as Pres¬ nesse Républicaine, whose aim was to deck-Rousseau in 1RJ9 forme'd his ident. Thus far the has wi They would have insisted on the and men the national party under discipline swing gone prevent boys young frcm famous cabinet to Millerand in forty years of right to name their own cabinets. M. under the influence of the reorganization by the local organization. It so happened, however, that the politic falling the affair and re¬ life, but there h the Leygues accepts the cabinet provided In 1889 the Socialists elect¬ iquidate Dreyfus This anomalous situation con- attacks on Millerand in connection always poasib clergy. store France to her balance, Mille¬ ity that it by President Millerand and will ed him as one tinued for six years, when it wa¡ with the du Paty de Clam affair re¬ may go further.that of the Paris members rand broke with Socialist tradition that ambition may dominate carry out the orders of President of the Chamber of ended dramatically by what the So« dounded to his credit, as well as fail¬ pati Deputies. and entered the cabinet as .Minister °tism, instead of patriotism holdii Millerand. With M. Leygues as At that time Jules Guesde and ts considered another outrage¬ ing to defeat Poincaré for the Presi¬ of Commerce. He was the first So¬ ous act of treason to ambition in cheek. years a: titular Premier, M. Millerand will Paul Lafargue were the leaders of them and whal dency. Millerand was ßoon back in Forty cialist to become a member of the Millerand, be both President and Premier in the Millerand conceived to be hi3 simple oflice as Minister of War and was entering polities, was Socialist party in France. They French and the Socialist «treme Socialist. mont fact. It remains to be seen how the weVo Marxians and revolu¬ government, patriotic duty to France. In 190£ once more in conflict with the So¬ Eight preached was shocked and but a£o. when he became t Parliament will accept this situation. socialism. Millerand party shaken, he returned to the government a: cialists. Continuing their campaign Premier, tionary grad¬ it was understood that Millerand aricáis looked the f President Millerand appears to have drew from them and be¬ Minister of Public Works in thf for disarmament, the Socialists had hopefully to ually away had consulted Jaurès and that turecas the of his co: invited a conflict which will result came the leader of a moro conserva¬ first Briand Cabinet, and in Octo pucceeded in getting the period of en¬ consequence Jaurès had given his consent to the *ng to power. To-day, when he in his elimination from public life tive group. By the middle '90s the ber, 1910, came the great railway forced military Bervice in France re¬ or step. Millerand, therefore, re- resident, there are rising murmu from which he will emerge with split was apparent, and by 1896 it strike, which was handled by th< duced from three years to two year of mained a Socialist in good dictator and Napoleon, and t complete justification for the epithet was wide open. Millerand had al¬ standing three ex-Socialists, Briand, Premie: In 1913, following the first Balkan officially, though privately sus¬ and Monarchists' eyes are brightening, dictator. ready expressed the ambition to be Minister of the Interior; VI war, the Kaiser had vastly increased pected. Minister of th© He is suspected because of tt. Is Years Old Premier and President. As first ^ viani, Labor, and Mille German standing army. Mille¬ Sixty-on« Minister of rand at once bullheadedness that once step he wanted to be Minister for rand, Public Works countered by forcing broug Alexandre Millerand was Brcaks With Socialists hltt to ruin and born in Foreign Affair.?. His enemies laid by the simple expedient of the mil through the Chamber the bill restor¬ twice brought him Paris in 1859 and educated in the The next in Power, and 'of his split with Guesde and Lafargue step his development itarization of the workers. Tht ing the period of military servico in because the deman schools of that He studied law drove him out of the Socialist .nd the threats he has made. city. to ambition, but looking back over party. government o'-dered all railwa; France to thr-ee years, and thus it Agaii at the University of Paris and was TïfALDECK-ROUSSEAU, wider whom Millerand held his The Waldeck-Rousseau workers of the violent opposition of the Left his career one sees that he split with *' government military age to underg was that there was a full extra class "*s called to the bar in 1881. The next Jirst cabinet office came to an end in 1902 and Mille¬ a insisted that G the revolutionary Socialists becauso perjpd-cf twenty-one days' in under arms in the French army obstinately year he had his first important case, rand returned to his seat on the at Bhall pay in full of the development of his ideas. As struction, "the samo time leavin when the war broke ont a year later. J»ny according in which he successfully defended a gram of reforms in¬ its its deference and benches of the Chamber and to the them to on ««. strict letter of the he grew older the turbulenco of parliamentary ['¦in courtesy, carry their ordinär When Viviani formed his Treaty group of miners who wero accused tended to bring about a This is his of at which he was work. Ministry Versailles. France has backed K youth became restrained, and he re¬ gradually gentle persuasiveness. practico law, Refusal to comply would hav of National Defence in August, 1914, of violence during a strike. The .system of stale or bureaucratic so¬ lattei*-day manner, at least; some rapidly making a fortune, and it was subjected tha strikers to militar lerand and the Left has to si turned to the solid bourgeois beliefs after the war began, Millerand was had case not only gave him an assured cialism, to so¬ little while he was no means at this time so the of his forbears and his early train¬ opposed revolutionary ago by that he found the leisure discipline, and the strike broke dowr once more called to the War Office Left cries "Dictatoi at the bar and attracted at- One who was not his friend so ^t.andDown position Franco was an cialism. polished, and even now there are to marry Mlle. Le Vayer. In the The debates in the Chamber showe and was with dicta; »rship!" shou tention to his of but if ing. becoming entity he Minister if War when we gift oratory, that the ideal wrote of him at that time: "He has people who maintain that it is a following year the Socialists made tho Socialists that trie;/ could nc Socialist Deputy as he c replaced interna¬ tck was sweeping down on Upry, put him definitely in the ranks of j an emphatically prosperous air, as case of the Russian and the Tartar. their first in the Chamber ü r .«'Vote against in the b tionale. big fight against Miilerand for breakin Paris and the question came of Millerand the Socialists. He had been tending of one who faros Millerand talks more he for a up *ting for President, Backs Moderate Plan sumptuously every than thinks, disarmament. At the time when strike that might have brough the defense of the capital. General in that direction for some time, and of his life and well o' and excites rather than convinces. was an armed on a day sleeps Europe becoming revolution and at the lea; Galiiéni was then in comman i of Deschanel resigned and the facts and conditions of which he He drew in 1898 the St Mande As befits a man who is He has a the ^^«a***** up nights. perfect genius for cutting camp on a constantly increasing would have resulted in the starvs Paris garrison, and when he «viderrt that Millerand "0 learned as the miners' advocate program that became the charter forward to he his coat to suit his and has scale and when was stead- succeed-- looking high office, cloth, Germany tion of the principal cities c ed Millerand as Minister of !*. «.entry's chotee for Preside strengthened his toward so¬ of what îs known as Reformist so¬ his at a never a War» in leaning buys coats fashionable doubt that principles were fly looming larger and becoming Prance, 1915, he related in the changea In the o cialism. In 1884 he was elected as a cialism in Franca and as Fabian so¬ tailor's. M. made to be sacrificed to mar« Chambee* of ¦«W»*L2*«Bd«d«ba* MOlerand^ manner, expeditney.'* arrogant in her international They acted, therefor«», under tt wwiM increase 1 Socialist to the Paris Municipal cialism in Enjfland. It is a pro- when bio chooses, is rmît« exnriîfdt« That 1« th» ünfHeridlv view. Mfl- f.**.?fT.trfl fh» Fr*T.!*1. £«i».s» .!*?« t.«_ nil* ndf»r<**»r? fit tb*> ++rr>-» f,f +V /r,(vr*.-»«f«'/i a-» inert «Vtrf»