Online Library of Liberty: the Works of Voltaire, Vol. VI (Philosophical Dictionary Part 4)
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A Friendship
Conversions Wars Cultures Religions and a Family Name MICHAEL L. SENA C OPYRIGHTED , 2012 B Y G R E E N H O R SE P U B L I S H I N G C OMPANY V ADSTENA , S WEDEN EDITED AND REVISED DECEMBER 2013 ii WARS ARE FOUGHT to gain and keep control over wealth. Tribes, clans, countries and other groups that have wealth have the power to wage and win wars. Those without wealth will always be war’s victims. They lack the resources to build effective defences and protect themselves against destructive powers. Besides extermination or assimilation, one consequence of wars for the vanquished is displacement. Defeated peoples are often set adrift. Cultures, or societies, come into existence when a sufficient number of individuals agree on a way of living together, either through consensus or through force. Cultures are sensitive organisms. They are born, sometimes growing and flourishing, oftentimes contracting and vanishing. Even the most powerful civilizations in their times have had to relinquish their positions of dominance, most often because of self destructive actions taken by their leaders. When one culture is diminished, there is always another waiting to take its place. Humankind is the sum total of all those cultures that have gone before. Religion is the codification of a society’s rules that define what is considered right and what is deemed wrong. Societies base their laws on these definitions, and the laws establish the worldly consequences of not upholding or abiding by the rules. Those who are the codifiers, the priests, gain their legitimacy by providing answers to the unanswerable. -
World-History-Timeline.Pdf
HISTORY TIMELINE WORLD HISTORY TIMELINE FROM ANCIENT HISTORY TO 21ST CENTURY COPYRIGHT © 2010 - www.ithappened.info Table of Contents Ancient history .................................................................................................................................... 4 100,000 to 800 BC...........................................................................................................................4 800 BC to 300 BC............................................................................................................................5 300 BC to 1 BC................................................................................................................................6 1 AD to 249 AD............................................................................................................................... 8 249 AD to 476 AD .......................................................................................................................... 9 Middle Ages .......................................................................................................................................11 476 AD to 649 AD......................................................................................................................... 11 650 AD to 849 AD ........................................................................................................................ 12 850 AD to 999 AD........................................................................................................................ -
An Account of Denmark Robert Molesworth the Thomas Hollis Library David Womersley, General Editor
An Account of Denmark Robert Molesworth the thomas hollis library David Womersley, General Editor An Account of Denmark With Francogallia and Some Considerations for the Promoting of Agriculture and Employing the Poor Robert Molesworth Edited and with an Introduction by Justin Champion liberty fund Indianapolis This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. Introduction, editorial additions, and index © 2011 by Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved Frontispiece: The Right Honourable Robert Lord Viscount Molesworth. Mezzotint after Thomas Gibson; print made by Peter Pelham, 1721. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Reproduced by permission. Printed in the United States of America. c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Molesworth, Robert Molesworth, Viscount, 1656–1725. [Account of Denmark] An account of Denmark: with Francogallia and Some considerations for the promoting of agriculture and employing the poor/ Robert Molesworth; edited and with an introduction by Justin Champion. p. cm.—(The Thomas Hollis library) First work originally published in London in 1694; 2nd work originally published under title: Franco-Gallia, or, An account of the ancient free state of France, and most other parts of Europe, before the loss of their liberties / written originally in Latin by Francis Hotoman, in 1574, and translated by Robert Molesworth in 1711; 3rd work originally published in Dublin, 1723. -
Journey Text and Recorded History Migration Of
THE JOURNEY OF MAN MODERN HOMO SAPIENS ARE TRACED TO ABOUT 60,000 YEARS AGO AND MIGRATORY PATHS PROVEN IN 2002 BY A GROUP OF AMERICAN GENETICISTS AND SCIENTISTS LED BY DR. SPENCER WELLS OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY MADE PUBLIC A TEN YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT. THEY FOLLOWED THE MALE “Y” CHROMOSOME AND THE GENETIC MARKERS IN NUCLEAR DNA TO TRACE THE CRADLE OF MANKIND TO CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE VILLAGE OF SAN WHICH IS NEAR RUNDU, NAMIBIA AND CONFIRMING THE “OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESIS”. ANOTHER GROUP OF 55,000 SANS PEOPLE PRESENTLY LIVING ALSO RESIDE IN BOTSWANA. TWO THOUSAND GENERATIONS BACK OR APPROXIMATELY 50,000 YEARS AGO THEY DISCOVERED THE DECENDENTS OF THE OLDEST TRIBE IN AFRICA AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERN MAN BASED ON COLLECTED NUCLEAR DNA AND GENETIC MARKERS FROM THOUSANDS OF BLOOD SAMPLES FROM POPULATIONS AROUND THE WORLD. SOME OF THESE SAME PEOPLE ‘SANS BUSHMEN’ WITH A POPULATION AT THAT TIME OF ABOUT 10,000 TOTAL AND THEIR DECENDENTS MOVED 1200 MILES SOUTH AND EAST IN AFRICA AND THEN PROCEED TO FOLLOW THE COASTLINE NORTH AND EASTWARD TO INDIA AND THEN ON DOWN THE COASTLINES TO SOUTHEAST ASIA TO AUSTRALIA. THEY VERIFIED ONE OF THE OLDEST SETTLEMENTS ON THE WEST SIDE OF MADERAI, INDIA ABOUT 200 MILES NORTH OF THE COASTLINE TO MATCH THE “Y” CHROMOSOME OF THE CENTRAL AFRICANS AND A VERIFICATION WAS ALSO PROVIDED ON THE AUSTRALIAN MONGO ABORIGINE PEOPLE DNA TO BE ON A TIMELINE ABOUT 10,000 YEARS AFTER THE CENTRAL AFRICANS. ANOTHER MIGRATION WAS HAPPENING ABOUT 35,000 YEARS AGO THAT PLACES THE DNA GENETIC MARKER TO THE MIDDLE EAST WHERE IT SPLITS AND SOME GO SOUTH TO INDIA AND SOME CONTINUE TO MOVE NORTHEAST TO KAZIKSTAN WHERE THEY FIND THE OLDEST LINEAGES IN CENTRAL ASIA. -
The Story of Rome Digna Locus Roma Est Quo Deus Omnis Eat
The Story of Rome Digna locus Roma est quo Deus omnis eat. Ovid. Ail rights reserved .^•-' V '^K*/ 1 fefe^BBQEIMGtBWfflSlIM <;s*///S//> Kac The Story of ROME by Norwood Young Illustrated by Nelly Erich<sen London: / M. I hilt CT Co. Aldine House, 29 and 30 Bedford Street Covent Garden W.C. * * 1901 1) i'v PREFACE THE story of Rome covers an area so vast that it would be pedantic on my part to apologise for the omissions which will be observed on every page of this little book. It is, of necessity, an abridgment of the work of many authors and many volumes. The small space at my disposal has made it impossible to add to the story of Christianity in Rome any adequate consideration of Roman churches, museums and ruins. I have devoted one chapter, the second, to a slight sketch of the remains lying in the neighbourhood of the Colosseum and Forum Romanum, and I have mentioned the more important of the recent sensational discoveries, but it is too early yet to dogmatise as to their exact significance. Ex- cavation is still being keenly pursued, and new finds may at any moment negative the opinions already formed. Such other topographical references as the book contains will be found in the last chapter, and in the Appendix, which has a few practical suggestions as to hotels, etc., an itinerary for the hurried visitor, a short list of books, and a very brief statement of the more interesting objects to be found in some of the most important churches. -
Vidracco, Braone, and San Lorenzo. Recruitment Or Dilectio?
SVENSKA INSTITUTEN I ATHEN OCH ROM INSTITUTUM ATHENIENSE ATQUE INSTITUTUM ROMANUM REGNI SUECIAE Opuscula Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 13 2020 STOCKHOLM Licensed to <[email protected]> EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Prof. Gunnel Ekroth, Uppsala, Chairman Dr Lena Sjögren, Stockholm, Vice-chairman Mrs Kristina Björksten Jersenius, Stockholm, Treasurer Dr Susanne Berndt, Stockholm, Secretary Prof. Christer Henriksén, Uppsala Prof. Anne-Marie Leander Touati, Lund Prof. Peter M. Fischer, Göteborg Dr David Westberg, Uppsala Dr Sabrina Norlander-Eliasson, Stockholm Dr Lewis Webb, Göteborg Dr Ulf R. Hansson, Rome Dr Jenny Wallensten, Athens EDITOR Dr Julia Habetzeder Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm [email protected] SECRETARY’S ADDRESS Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm [email protected] DISTRIBUTOR eddy.se ab Box 1310 SE-621 24 Visby For general information, see http://ecsi.se For subscriptions, prices and delivery, see http://ecsi.bokorder.se Published with the aid of a grant from The Swedish Research Council (2017-01912) The English text was revised by Rebecca Montague, Hindon, Salisbury, UK Opuscula is a peer reviewed journal. Contributions to Opuscula should be sent to the Secretary of the Editorial Committee before 1 November every year. Contributors are requested to include an abstract summarizing the main points and principal conclusions of their article. For style of references to be adopted, see http://ecsi.se. Books for review should be sent to the Secretary of the Editorial Committee. ISSN 2000-0898 ISBN 978-91-977799-2-0 © Svenska Institutet i Athen and Svenska Institutet i Rom Printed by TMG Sthlm, Sweden 2020 Cover illustrations from Aïopoulou et al. -
The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, Part One: 1890 to 1919
Journalist in Silent Film 35 The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, 1890 to 1929: Part One 1890 to 1919 Joe Saltzman Professor of Journalism Director of the Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture (IJPC) A Project of the Norman Lear Center Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA [email protected] with Liz Mitchell Senior Research Associate Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture (IJPC) Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA [email protected] Introduction This is the first installment in the landmark study of “The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, 1890 to 1929.” It covers 1,948 films from 1890 to 1919. Part Two will cover the years from 1920 to the beginning of recorded sound in 1929. This is the first comprehensive study of the beginning of cinema’s earliest depictions of the journalist, mostly newspaper reporters, editors, and publishers. Newspaper fiction flourished at a time when journalism “was a revolutionary force, tearing up traditions, redefining public morality, and lending voice and encouragement to the disenfranchised. It reflected currents sweeping through every phase of American life. The skyrocketing circulations, the manic search for exclusive news, the sensational headlines, and the concentration of newspaper ownership were signs of an America changing from a rural society to an urban and industrial one. Since journalism so clearly mirrored and so loudly supported the new order, it became the preeminent symbol for the mechanization, standardization, democratization, and vulgarization of culture.”1 Historian Howard Good points out that the 1890s “represented a watershed not only in American journalism but also in American history. -
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt
THE CIVILIZATION OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY By Jacob Burckhardt Translated by S. G. C. Middlemore, 1878 Edited by Candida Martinelli This free e-book was created and is distributed not-for-profit by Candida Martinelli of Candida Martinelli’s Italophile Site Images in this book are from Webshots.com 2 HE REATISE AND ISTORY IN ATIN PART I THE STATE AS A WORK OF ART.............5 T T , H L ....................149 ANTIQUITY AS THE COMMON SOURCE......................153 NTRODUCTION I ..............................................................5 NEO-LATIN POETRY..................................................157 DESPOTS OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.....................8 FALL OF THE HUMANISTS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY ESPOTS OF THE IFTEENTH ENTURY D F C .......................13 ..................................................................................167 THE SMALLER DESPOTISMS ........................................21 THE GREATER DYNASTIES ..........................................27 PART FOUR THE DISCOVERY OF THE WORLD THE OPPONENTS OF THE DESPOTS ..............................38 AND OF MAN.............................................................176 THE REPUBLICS: VENICE AND FLORENCE...................43 JOURNEYS OF THE ITALIANS......................................176 FOREIGN POLICY .........................................................60 THE NATURAL SCIENCES IN ITALY ...........................178 WAR AS A WORK OF ART ............................................65 DISCOVERY OF THE BEAUTY OF LANDSCAPE............183 THE PAPACY................................................................67 -
The STORY of the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation L
. ^^r -".«*»». FAMOUS P1AYERS-LASKY CORPORATION ADOLPM ZUKOR mm. JESSE t.LASKY H»Aw CECIt B.OE MILLE IWrti'C«i««l I TUWYOMl, LIBRARY Brigham Young University RARE BOOK COLLECTION Rare Quarto PN ^r1999 1919 I The STORY of the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation l : i ll ! . .; ,i i i i i)i ! ]il lll) llll l l l lllllll l [|||||IHl H MiilMii 3ES ==?r .:;.Mii !llll li im 3E 1 I i I Walter E. Greene /''ice-President ! Frank A. Garbott Vice-President t I 'l|i"l|!l||||ii 2Z^ ^^ illillllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllll 2ff 3C JZ The Story of the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation (paramount~Qricra£t ^Motion (pictures -...or ..»«*» FAMOUS PLAYERS-LASKY CORPORATION <L ADOLPH ZUKOR Pres JESSE L.LASKY VkxPrms. CECIL B DE M1LLE Director Cenerol. "NEW YORIC Copyright, IQIQ, by the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation ~ZL M : 1 TTT- I'liiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiMiiiiiiii, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t < 1 iii 35 i : ; 1 1 i 1 1 > 1 . 1 W=] s: .^sm: '":;iii!!'i'i:'iniiiii""!"i. ! ":"''.t iiinu'lM u m 3 i i S i 5 1 i im :=^ !l!l!llllllll!lllllli^ 3T Adolph Zukor, President ^t^-Q INTRODUCTION 1 HIS is the complete story of the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, the world's greatest motion picture enterprise. The story of the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation is the story of the motion picture. For it is this organization which has made the motion picture. Seven years ago, Adolph Zukor saw in the motion picture, then only an amusing toy, amazing and tremendous possibilities. -
The Silent Sea
The Silent Sea Martin, Catherine (1848-1937) University of Sydney Library Sydney 2000 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit/ ©Margaret R. Foxton; University of New South Wales Press; University of Sydney Library. The texts and Images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission Source Text: Prepared from the print edition published by University of New South Wales Press Sydney 1995 Colonial Texts Series, General Editorial Committee: Harry Heseltine, Paul Eggert, Bruce Bennett Originally published in 3 volumes in 1892, London: Richard Bentley and Son. The body of the text was received in Pagemaker5 format. These files were exported to text format and encoded manually to TEI.2 conformance by C.Cole at . Front matter, appendices and editor's explanatory notes were not included in these files and this material was scanned and OCR'ed at for inclusion with the electronic text. This extra material may contain errors of transcription and these are solely the responsibility of . Any errors resulting from the manual encoding of the text are also the responsibility of . All quotation marks retained as data All unambiguous end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line. First Published: 1892 Australian Etexts novels women writers 1890-1909 prose fiction 8th August 2000 Creagh Cole Coordinator Final Checking and Parsing The Silent Sea London Richard Bentley and Son 1892 Front Images Page from Adelaide Observer advertising new publication of The Silent Sea. Page from Adelaide Observer, Saturday, April 30, 1892. Title Page 1892 Edition Volume I. -
Index to Volumes 1-10. 1897-1906
archaeological institute of ametica american Journal of Archaeology SeconD Setie* The Journal of the Archaeological Institute of America INDEX TO VOLUMES I-X 1897-1906 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON :MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. ZU ?or? Qgatttmon (preee BALTIMORE,MD., U. S. A. PREFATORY NOTE This Index has been prepared by Miss Lucy Allen Paton, under the direction of the Editors. The general plan, arrangement, and scope were determined by the Editors, so that Miss Paton's respon sibility is limited to details of arrangement and accuracy of execu tion. The unusual size of the Index is due to the great number of items contained in the "News" and "Discussions," for which a full index seemed especially desirable. Italic numerals refer to the volumes and pages of the Annual Supplement. Harold N. Fowler. Cleveland, Ohio, November ist, 1908. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INDEX OF AUTHORS. 7 A. Articles . 7 B. News an? Discussions. 17 II. INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 99 A. Plates . 99 B. Figures in Text. 102 III. BIBLIOGRAPHY . 112 IV. ABBREVIATIONS . 112 V. INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 113 A. Articles . 113 B. News and Discussions. 128 i. General Contents . 128 News: Notes on Recent Excavations and Discoveries 128 Discussions: Summaries of Articles in Periodicals, etc. 129 2. Summaries . 131 VI. INDEX OF INSCRIPTIONS. 274 A. Greek . 274 1. Sites . 274 2. Proper Names and Discussed Words. 274 3. Sources for Inscriptions Quoted or Discussed. 280 B. Latin . 281 1. Sites . 281 2. Proper Names and Discussed Words. 281 3. Sources for Inscriptions Quoted or Discussed. 283 VII. INDEX OF SOURCES DISCUSSED. -
Arnold, Thomas Francis, Ph.D
Order Number 9401207 Fortifications and statecraft of the Gonzaga, 1530-1630 Arnold, Thomas Francis, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 FORTIFICATIONS AND STATECRAFT OF THE GONZAGA, 1530-1630 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Thomas Francis Arnold, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Committee: Approved by John F. Guilmartin Williamson Murray John C. Rule Adviser, Department of HistJ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and support of many people. My advisers in the Department of History at the Ohio State University, Professors Williamson Murray and John F. Guilmartin, rewarded me with their confidence in my abilities, and spurred me on with their encouragement. They were always truly interested in listening to my ideas, showing a patience and respect that many other professors unfortunately lack. Professor John C. Rule, also of the Department of History at Ohio State, taught me the importance of the broader perspective in understanding the early modem period. Professor Geoffrey Parker, now of the History Department at Yale University, shaped this dissertation in many ways; above all by suggesting that I look beyond the larger states of early modern Italy for an example of the military revolution at work. Daniela Ferrari, director of the Archivio Di Stato di Mantova, shared her own work on the fortifications of the Gonzaga and welcomed me to the archives in Mantua. My parents, who indulged my desire to clamber over European castles and forts when I was at an impressionable age, bear considerable responsibility for this dissertation.