The Impact of Mobility and Migration in the Roman Empire Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Lien Foubert Anne Kolb Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Bernhard Palme Michael Peachin Christian Witschel Greg Woolf Volume 22 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem The Impact of Mobility and Migration in the Roman Empire Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Rome, June 17–19, 2015) Edited by Elio Lo Cascio Laurens E. Tacoma with the assistance of Miriam J. Groen-Vallinga LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016040216 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-33477-9 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-33480-9 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Preface vii Olivier Hekster List of Figures and Tables viiI List of Contributors ix 1 Writing Migration 1 Laurens E. Tacoma and Elio Lo Cascio 2 Moving Peoples in the Early Roman Empire 25 Greg Woolf 3 Invasions, Deportations, and Repopulation: Mobility and Migration in Thrace, Moesia Inferior, and Dacia in the Third Quarter of the Third Century AD 42 Lukas de Blois 4 Viri Militares Moving from West to East in Two Crisis Years (Ad 133 and 162) 55 Anthony R. Birley 5 Die Mobilität Römischer Soldaten in Friedenszeiten 80 Peter Herz 6 Ordo Senatorius und Mobilität: Auswirkungen und Konsequenzen im Imperium Romanum 100 Werner Eck 7 Diplomatic Mobility and Persuasion between Rome and the West (I–II AD) 116 Elena Torregaray Pagola 8 Bones, Stones, and Monica: Isola Sacra Revisited 132 Laurens E. Tacoma 9 Between Mobility and Connectivity in the Ancient Mediterranean: Coast-Skirting Travellers in the Southern Levant 155 Gil Gambash vi contents 10 The Dangers of Female Mobility in Roman Imperial Times 173 Margherita Carucci 11 The linouphoi of P. Giss. 40 II Revisited: Applying the Sociological Concept of Ethnic Colonies to Alexandria’s Linen-Weavers 191 Elena Koestner 12 Coloni et incolae, vingt ans après: Mobilité et identité sociales et juridiques dans le monde romain occidental 205 Stéphane Benoist 13 Migration et droit dans l’Empire Romain: Catégories, contrôles et intégration 222 Claudia Moatti Index Nominum 247 Index Geographicus 251 Index Rerum 255 Index Locorum 258 Preface Olivier Hekster Following on previous workshops of the Impact of Empire network which looked successively at frontiers (Impact 9, Durham), integration (Impact 10, Lille) and the world(s) beyond the borders of the Roman empire (Impact 11, New York), the twelfth meeting of the network focused on movement within the Roman world by studying the impact of migration and mobility. The theme was first suggested, and pays tribute to, the research focus of Elio Lo Cascio, who has been a longstanding board member of this network. The subject of the workshop, and its call for papers, was further developed by him in collabo- ration with Andrea Giardina, Nathalie de Haan and Olivier Hekster. The four of them formed the organisational committee of this workshop. The workshop took place at Rome in June 17–19, 2015. Its meetings were hosted in the convivial surroundings of three separate venues: La Sapienza Università di Roma, the Royal Netherlands Institute of Rome and the Istituto Italiano per la Storia Antica, all of which institutes also assisted the work- shop financially. Further financial support was kindly given by the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), the Radboud University, and the Research School OIKOS. The organisers would like to thank all these organisations for their help; in addition the British School at Rome and the École française de Rome are thanked for their aid. This workshop could not have taken place without the organisational skills and energy of Nathalie de Haan and especially Mattia Balbo. Their efforts formed a major factor in ensuring that the workshop was a success. The editors are, furthermore, grateful to Miriam Groen-Vallinga, for her enormous support in getting this volume in print rapidly. For various reasons some participants could not contribute to the volume. Wim Broekaert, Anne Hunnell Chen, Andreas Goltz, Vana Kalenderian, Egbert Koops, Erika Manders, Günther Schörner, Frederik J. Vervaet and Andrea Zerbini are thanked for sharing their work and discussing that of others at the conference. June 2016, Nijmegen List of Figures and Tables Figures 3.1 Map of the Roman Balkans in the third century AD 44 5.1 Schema 1: Mobilität innerhalb der Heimatprovinz 82 5.2 Schema 2: Mobilität außerhalb der Provinz 86 5.3 Schema 3: Einsatz in der offiziellen Kommunikation 93 9.1 A plan of Tel Dor, its bays, and the Tantura lagoon 171 Tables 8.1 Table 1: Isola Sacra data 137 9.1 Table 1: Shipwreck archaeology in Israel 172 9.1 Table 2: The late antique shipwrecks of Dor 172 List of Contributors Stéphane Benoist Ph.D. (1992, Paris-Sorbonne: La Fête à Rome au premier siècle de l’Empire, 1999) and Habilitation (2001, Panthéon-Sorbonne: Rome, le prince et la Cité, 2005), is currently Professor of Roman History at the University of Lille (Humanities and Social Sciences, France). He has extensively published on imperial power, political discourses and conception of memory, festival and ceremonies in the city of Rome. About the perception of the City and its Empire, a general over- view is provided in 5 CD’s Une histoire de Rome (2015), to be published as a book (Puf, autumn 2016). Anthony R. Birley was professor of ancient history at Manchester from 1974 to 1990 and at Düsseldorf from 1990 to 2002, when he retired; since then he has been visit- ing professor at Newcastle and honorary professor at Durham. He has writ- ten five books on Roman Britain and biographies of the emperors Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Septimius Severus; he has also edited volumes 3–7 of Roman Papers by his former teacher, Sir Ronald Syme, and two posthumously published monographs by Syme, Anatolica (1995) and The Provincial at Rome (1999). His research is still focused on prosopography, epigraphy and the Roman army. Lukas de Blois is emeritus professor of Ancient History of the Radboud University at Nijmegen in The Netherlands. He published books and articles on the history of the Roman Empire in the third century AD, the history of the Late Roman Republic, ancient historiography (Sallust, Tacitus, Cassius Dio), Plutarch’s biog- raphies, and Greek Sicily in the fourth century BC. He also published a manual (L. de Blois & R.J. van der Spek, Introduction to the Ancient World, London— New York, 2nd edition, 2008). Margherita Carucci was a Research Fellow at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Finland. She has published a number of articles on a variety of aspects of the Graeco- Roman society, such as visual art, gender studies, sculpture, and urbanism, with particular focus on social and cultural history. Her specific interests are on a wide range of aspects related to the Roman family, with particular focus on x list of contributors the daily experience of Roman women. She is currently working on gendered discourse on travel in ancient Roman society. Werner Eck was a member of the Philosophical Faculty at the University of Cologne. Since 2007 he is emeritus. Dr. h.c. of the University of Cluj, the University of Kassel and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. At present he is engaged in the publication of the Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum at Berlin and the History of Cologne in 13 volumes. He is one of the editors of the Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. His cen- tral research topics are the history of the Roman Empire (including the history of early Christianity), especially the provinces and in particular of Germania superior and inferior and Judaea; Roman social and administrative history; Roman epigraphy. For his publications see: http://histinst.phil-fak.uni-koeln .de/index.php?id=309. Gil Gambash is the chair of the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, and the head of the Haifa Centre for Mediterranean History. His cur- rent research interests centre on ancient Mediterranean empires, particularly with regard to aspects of maritime connectivity, mobility, and logistics. Recent publications include ‘Caesarea Maritima and the Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire,’ Skyllis 13.1 (2013): 53–58; ‘En Route to Egypt—Akko in the Persian Period,’ JNES 73.2 (2014): 273–282; ‘Maritime Activity in the Ancient Southern Levant: The Case of Late Antique Dor,’ ARAM 27 (2015): 61–74.