; / VOL. 93 JULY 1991 NO. 3 (ISSN 0013-8797) PROCEEDINGS
of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
f WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
CONTENTS
BELLAMY, C. L.— Notes on the G. B. Vogt collection, Part I: South Texas (Coleoptera and Hemiptera) 733
CHAPIN, J. B. and V. A. BROIJ—Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), the third species of the genus to be found in the United States (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) 630
DARLING, D. CHRISTOPHER— fio/zpa maculata, a new genus and species of Ceinae from South Africa (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) 622
DAVIS, DONALD R.— Neotropical Microlepidoptera XXIV. Description and biological ob- servations of Ithutomus formosus Butler webbing leaves of Drimys winteri in Chile (Lepi- doptera: Yponomeutidae) 690
FROESCHNER, RICHARD C— The lace bug genera Pleseobyrsa and Stragulotingis: Reviews, keys, and description of one new species in each (Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tinginae) 767
GELHAUS, JON K. and CYiEH W. YOUNG-The immature instars and biology of the crane fly genus Brachypremna Osten Sacken (Diptera: Tipulidae) 613
GOEDEN, RICHARD D. and DAVID H. HEADRICK- Notes on the biology, hosts, and immature stages of Tomoplagia cressoni Aczel in southern California (Diptera: Tephriti- dae) 549
GUPTA, VIRENDRA K.— Taxonomy of the Oriental genus Kerrichia Mason, with description of a new species from Nepal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) 751
HALBERT, SUSAN E.— A new species of Anoecia (Homoptera: Aphididae) on rhizomes of Equisetum laevigatum 760
HEADRICK, DAVID H. and RICHARD D. GOEDEN-Life history of Trupanea californica Malloch (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Gnaphalium spp. in southern California 559
HURD, L. E. — Growth efficiency in juvenile mantids: Absence of selection for optimization in a food-limited environment (Orthoptera: Mantidae) 748
JOHNSON, PAUL J.— Taxonomic reviews of Lioon Casey and Listemus Casey, with descrip- tions of two new species (Coleoptera: Byrrhidae) 709
(Continued on back cover) 1 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Organized March 12, 1884
OFFICERS FOR 1991
David R. Smith, President Norman E. Woodley, Treasurer Wayne N. Mathis, President-Elect Gary Steck, Program Chairman M. Alma Solis, Recording Secretary Russell B. Stewart, Membership Chairman Mollis B. Williams, Corresponding Secretary Jeffrey R. Aldrich, Past President James B. Stribling, Custodian
Robert D. Gordon, Editor
Thomas J. Henry, Associate Editor
Publications Committee Donald R. Davis Terry L. Erwin George C. Steyskal F. Christian Thompson
Honorary President Curtis W. Sabrosky
Honorary Members Louise M. Russell Alan Stone Theodore L. Bissell
All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed to the appropriate officer at the following address: Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, NHB 168, Smithsonian Insti- tution. Washington, D.C. 20560.
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PROCEEDINGS.— The Proceedings are published quarterly beginning in January by The Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, NHB- 168, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Members in good standing receive the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Nonmember subscriptions are $50.00 per year, domestic, and $60.00 per year, foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. Foreign delivery cannot be guaranteed. All remittances should be made payable to The Entomological Society of Washington.
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PLEASE SEE P. 218 OF THE JANUARY, 1991 ISSUE FOR INFORMATION REGARDING PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (January, April, July, October). Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Wash- ington, D.C. 20560. Editor: Robert D. Gordon, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, % Department of Entomology, Smith- sonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Washington, D.C. 20560.
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I THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. I PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 93(3), 1991. pp. 630-635
HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (PALLAS), THE THIRD SPECIES OF THE GENUS TO BE FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
J. B. Chapin and V. A. Brou
(JBC) Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Loui- siana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1710; (VAB) 74320 Jack Loyd Road, Abita Springs, Louisiana 70420.
Abstract.— Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), an Old World Coccinellini, is reported as es- tablished in southeastern Louisiana. A few specimens were also collected in eastern Mis- sissippi. The species is described, illustrated, and compared to H. dimidiata (F.) and H. quadripunctata (Pontopiddian).
Key Words: Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia
A lady beetle, not previously known to was made in Shreveport, Bossier [sic] Par- be established in the United States, was col- ish, on August 24, 1979, and eight releases lected near Abita Springs, St. Tammany of 378 1 specimens were made in Leland and Parish, and in other southeastern Louisiana Stoneville in Washington County, Missis- parishes. A few specimens were also col- sippi, from July 12 to October 23, 1980 (P. lected in eastern Mississippi. Harmonia ax- W. Schaefer, pers. comm.). There were no yridis (Pallas) occurs in southern Siberia, subsequent reports that this species had be- Manchuria, China, Formosa, Korea, Japan, come established. Ryukyu Islands, and the Bonin Islands (Dobzhansky 1933, Timberlake 1943, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) Chapin 1965, lablokoff-Khnzorian 1982). Figs. 1-6 Specimens of this species were released in
California in 1 9 1 6, 1 964, and 1 965 (Gordon Diagnosis. — Form oval, convex. Head 1985) and in Nova Scotia, Connecticut, straw-yellow, immaculate, with two longi- District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, tudinal rows of faint spots, or with black Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, spot on clypeus sometimes extending onto Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Washington from labrum and head. Antennae and mouth- 1978 to 1982 (Gordon 1985, P. W. Schae- parts yellow-brown, sometimes tinged with fer, pers. comm.). Specimens were also re- black. Pronotum straw-yellow with four leased in Connecticut in 1985 during a study black spots and usually a faint mark above of the potential of H. axyridis to control scutellum, or lateral spots joined to form Matsucoccus resinosae Bean and Godwin two curved lines or an M-shaped mark ex- (McClure 1987). tending to anterior margin, occasionally Japan was the country of origin of the center of pronotum black. Scutellum straw- specimens released in Louisiana and Mis- yellow. Elytra yellow-orange, each elytron sissippi. A single release of 32 specimens in fully maculate individuals with faint mark VOLUME 93, NUMBER 3 631 behind scutellum, two spots at one-fifth, three spots in semicircle at two-fifths, three spots at three-fifths, and one spot at four- fifths, these black spots variously reduced or absent; each elytron usually with trans- verse plica anterior to apex (Fig. 1). Ventral surface yellow-orange to black, hypomeron, epimera, epipleura, and lateral abdominal margins paler. Intercoxal process of pro- sternum with carinae. Legs yellow-brown varying to black with posterior side of mid- dle and hind legs and tarsi paler. Length, 4.81-7.47 mm; width, 3.90-5.89 mm. Locality data. —The majority of the more than 1000 specimens were collected by V. A. Brou at his home located 4.2 miles north- east of Abita Springs (Sec. 24, T6, SR12E) using six light traps of varying wattages, ranging from 60-2500 watts per trap. Usu- Fig. 1. Harnionia axvridis, habitus; scale bar = 2 mm. ally a combination of ultraviolet light sources were used on the traps, including fluorescent blacklights and high intensity collected in Mississippi counties: 1, Cal- discharge lamps, e.g. mercury vapor. The houn (5.5 miles north of Vardaman, black- traps operated from dusk to dawn and were light trap in sweetpotato field), August 9, controlled by photoelectric cells. Specimens 1990, James Jarrett; 3, Harrison (T5S, first appeared on July 20, August 8 and 20, R 1 3 W, Sec. 1 , old field habitat on senescent October 22, and November 17 in 1988. No Erigeron), November 15, 1990, T. C. Lock- specimens were seen previously even though ley; 1 , Panola (2 miles south of Crenshaw), the light traps had been operating 365 nights October 6, 1990, S. Jones (student collec- per year since 1982 at this same location. tion) (MSU). In 1989, specimens were taken on January Comments. —The variability of the color 26 and from March 19 to December 27. In pattern has led to the description of more
1 990, they were collected on January 1 3 and than 100 forms (see Korschefsky 1932 for 22 and from February 2 through September synonymy). Twenty-four of these patterns 16 and were present through December. were portrayed by Ayala (1978). Only the Larvae and adults were collected on crab- pale forms are found in Louisiana and Mis- apple trees infested with Aphis spiraecola sissippi, including /r/^/ protuberant at apex (Fig. 6 1 4b); mesoster- then to Florida in 1926 where it became num deeply emarginatc for reception of established (Gordon 1985). Harmonia sternal process inatis Mulsant quadripunctata (Pontopiddian), which may Prostemum normally rounded, not pro- have been accidentally introduced, was re- tuberant at apex; mesostemum truncate ported from New Jersey and New York and or weakly emarginate for reception of prosternal process 13 has been in the U.S. since 1924 (Vanden- 1 3( 1 2). Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum berg 1990). Specimens of //. axyridis are complete, of the Fullus type (Fig. 637a) broadly oval; the pronotal pattern consists idalia Mulsant of four to five black spots, two curved lines, Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum an M-shaped mark, or the center of the pro- incomplete, of the Dionnts or Ncphus type (Figs. 634b, 682a) 14 notum is black; in addition to the spot be- 14(13). Elytron yellow with black sutural margin hind the scutcllum, each elytron has nine and 4 black spots (Fig. 672g), spots often black spots arranged in a 2,3,3,1 pattern, or somewhat coalesced; pronotal hypome- the spots are variously reduced or absent; ron with shallow fovea; Oriental genus, and a transverse plica, which is lacking in one species possibly established in Florida Coelophora Mulsant the other two species, is usually present near Elytron with color pattern not resembling the elytral apex. Harmonia quadripunctata that o( Coelophora; pronotal hypomeron is more elongate in shape with 1 1 puncti- without shallow fovea; North American form black spots on the pronotum, one or or European genera 15 two pairs sometimes faint or absent; the el- 1 5( 1 4). Tarsal claw with median tooth (Fig. 626a) Myzia LcConte ytron is immaculate or has a pair of elongate Tarsal claw with subquadrate basal tooth black marks at the lateral margin on either (Fig. 664b) 16 side of the mid-line (Vandenberg 1 990); and 1 6( 1 5). Pronotal surface polished, shiny, not alu- the prosternal carinae, present in the other taccous between punctures . . Calvia Mulsant two species, are absent (lablokolT-Khnzo- Pronotal surface alutaceous, often dull, not 17 rian 1982). Specimens of//, dimidiata are polished 17(16). Pronotum black with large, subtrape- round and very convex with a bilobcd black zoidal or triangular white spot on each at the the spot base of pronotum and seven anterolateral angle (Fig. 643g) (apical black spots arranged in a 1,3,2,1 pattern on margin of pronotum sometimes narrowly each elytron. pale) Coccinclla L. 18 With the addition of two more species of Pronotum not as above 1 8( 1 7). Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum Harmonia to our fauna, the key to the gen- with oblique dividing line Olla Casey era of Coccinellini (Gordon 1985, p. 681) Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum needs to be modified as follows: without oblique dividing line 19 1 9( 1 8). Apex of mesostcrnum notched for recep- 9(6). Apex of each middle and hind tibia with- tion of prosternal process; European ge- out spurs 10 nus, one species presently established in VOLUME 93, NUMBER 3 633 Figs. 2-6. Harmonia axyridis. male and female genitalia. Figs. 2, 3, ventral and lateral views of phallobase without and with trabes. Figs. 4, 5, entire sipho and enlarged view of distal end. Fig. 6, spcrmathecal capsule, sperm duct and infundibulum. 634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON southeastern Canada, Vermont, and New Toxoptera piricola Matsumura [= Schiza- York' Propylaca Mulsant phis piricola (Matsumura)]. Yasumatsu and - Apex of mcsosternum truncate; occurring Watanabe (1964) listed 13 hosts including over most of North America from south- ern Canada to Mexico ... Cycloneda Crotch Cinara kochi Inouye, Hyalopterus pinni Matsumura, and Chrysomela vicintipunc- tata Scopoli. Fuyuan and Dongxi (1989) re- Koebele's field notes (Timberlake 1943) ported the control of Nesticoccus sinensis indicated that H. axyridis was common in Tang (Pseudococcidae) and Rhizococcus Japan on various aphid-infested trees, such transversus (Eriococcidae) after coccinel- as maple, walnut, and willow, and also on lids, predominately //. axyridis and H. ob- rose. It fed on Lachmis sp. on Podocarpus scurosignata (Liu-Chung-Lo), were attract- and Kermaphis pint (Koch) [= Pineiis pint ed to aphid-infested rape interplanted in the (Koch)] on pine in Japan, on Lachmis sp. bamboo forest. on Pinus sinensis at Hongkong, China, and was collected on Lachnus infested pine in Acknowledgments Formosa. lablokoff-Khnzorian (1982) also The authors wish to thank R. D. Gordon, stated that it was arboreal, that it was found USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, on rosaceous arborescents and also on oak Washington, D.C., for confirming the iden- and other trees, and that it was chiefly an tification of H. axyridis; M. B. Stoetzel, aphid feeder although it fed on Icerya pur- USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, chasi Maskell (Margarodidae), Phenaccocus Beltsville, Md., for identifying A. spirae- pergandei Cockerell (Pseudococcidae) and cola; Terence Schiefer, Mississippi State Anomoneura mori Schwarz (Psyllidae), at University (MSU), Starkville, Miss., for least in the laboratory. Preferred aphid hosts permission to use the label data on the Mis- given by lablokoff-Khnzorian (1982), some sissippi specimens; K. A. Westphal for the of which were listed by Hodek (1973), are illustrations; V. L. Moseley, D. A. Rider, as follows: Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and L. H. Rolston, Louisiana State Uni- Amphorophora oleracea v.d. Goot [= Hy- versity, and P. W. Schaeffer, USDA Bene- peromyzus carduellinus (Theobald)], Aphis ficial Insects Research Laboratory, for re- pomi De Geer, Cinara laricicola (Bomer) viewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. [= C. cuneomaculata (del Guercio)] (?), C. Approved for publication by the Director todocola (Inouye) (?), Cryptosiphum gallar- of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment iim (Kaltenbach) [= C. artemisiae Buckton], Station as manuscript number 90-17-4432. Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Hyalop- terus pnini (Geoffrey), Macrosiphum rosae Literature Cited iharae Matsumura, Megoura viciaejaponica (Matsumura) [= Vroleiicon gigantcum Ma- Ayala, F. J. 1978. The mechanisms of evolution. Sci- entific American 239: 56-69. tsumura], Myzus malisucta Matsumura [= Chapin, E. A. 1965. Coccinellidae. In Insects of Mi- Ovatus malisuctus (Matsumura)], M. per- cronesia. Coleoptera. Bemice P. Bishop Museum, sicae (Sulzer), Neophyllaphis podocarpi Honolulu, Hawaii 16: 189-254. Takahashi, Nippolachnus piri Matsumura, Dob/hansky, T. 1 933. Geogrphical variation in lady- Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji), Rhopa- beetles. The American Naturalist 67: 97-126. Fuyuan, X. and W. Dongxi. 1989. Control of bamboo losiphum pseudohrassicae Davis [= Lipa- scale insects by intercropping rape in the bamboo phis erysimi (Kaltenbach)], R. prunifoliae forest to attract coccinellid beetles. Chinese Jour- Shinji [= Capitophorus prunifoliae (Shinii)], nal of Biological Control 5: 1 17-1 19. Gordon, R. D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New ' Dysart, R. J. 1 i. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 96: York Entomological Society 93: 1-912. 119-12L Hodek, I. 1973. Biology of Coccinellidae. Academia, VOLUME 93, NUMBER 3 635 Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague. 260 ed States. Environmental Entomology 16: 224- pp. 230. lablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. 1982. Les Coccinelles Timberlake, P. H. 1943. The Coccinellidae or lady- Coleoptdres-Coccinellidae, Tribu Coccinellini des beetles of the Koebele collection — Part 1. Hawai- Regions Palearctique et Orientale. Societe Novelle ian Planters' Record 47: 1-67. des Editions Boubee, Paris. 568 pp. Vandenberg, N. J. 1990. First North American re- Komai, T. 1956. Genetics of ladybeetles, pp. 155- cords for Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontopid- 188. In Demerec, A., ed.. Advances in Genetics. dian) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); a lady beetle na- Vol. 8. Academic Press, New York. tive to the Palearctic. Proceedings of the Korschefsky, R. 1932. Coccinellidae II, pp. 224-659. Entomolological Society of Washington 92: 407- //; Junk-Schenkling. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 410. pars 120. Junk, Berlin. Yasumatsu, K. and C. Watanabe. 1964. A Tentative McClure, M. S. 1 987. Potential of the Asian predator, Catalogue of Insect Natural Enemies Of Injurious Hannonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinel- Insects in Japan. Part 1. Parasite- Predator Host lidae), to control Matsucoccus resinosae Bean and Catalogue. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Godwin (Homoptera: Margarodidae) in the Unit- 166 pp.