1.0 1/11/2.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 111111.25 11111 1.4 111111.6 11111 1.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A NATIDNAL BUREAU OF STANDAROS-1963-A i 6~~ ~_. - (; ~> I' \, ," '" <> Q -i'. .D « 0" ',' '" p P 'J -:. y~.' /'.',,": :$, ,/ -l,; .C ~ r;;;:. ';. ,~ .., .. , {~ 0 , FRUIT FLY GENERA SOLJTH OF TH E UNITED STATES (Diptera: Tephritidae) by RICHARD H. FOOTE F\ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY I\U.~), DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND ~ AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1600 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT Foote, Richard H. 1980. Fruit fly genera south of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1600,79 pp. The 88 genera of fruit flies in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America are discussed. Keys to all genera are pre­ sented, and a synonymy, diagnosis, and discussion of each genus follow. Included for each genus is information about its distribution, its rela­ tionship to other genera, its composition in terms of the species belong­ ingto it, aids to its recognition, and references for identifying its species. Several diagnostic characteristics and the wing of at least one species in almost every genus have been illustrated. Four genera, previously re­ garded as valid, have been synonymized with others, and three addi­ tional genera, long recorded from the region, are shown not to occur in the New World or to belong to other fly families. Fruit flies comprise the most economically important family of plant-inhabiting Diptera, consid­ ering the potential for agricultu"'al damage by species of such genera as Anast-repha, Ceratitis, Dacu.s, andRhagoletis. Used in conjunction with my catalog of Tephritidae published in 1967, this bulletin provides a means of identifying about two-thirds of the more than 600 species of fruit flies known to occur south of Texas and Florida. KEYWORDS: Fruit flies, Tephritidae, Diptera, taxonomy, generic keys, South America, Central America, West Indies, Mexico. n . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For the loan of general tephritid specimens critical to this study, I am indebted to the following individuals and institutions: Pastor Alayo D., Institute of Zoology, Havana, Cuba; Carlos G. Alonoca, Centro Re­ gional de Investigacion Agropecuaria, La Molina, Peru; Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Marion Buegler, .University of California, Berkeley; George Byers, University of Kansas, 'Lawrence; Brian Cogan, British Museum (Natural History), London, England; Raul Cortes and Nelson Hitchens, Universidad del Norte, Ari­ ca, Chile; R. L. Fischer, University of Michigan, East Lansing; Saul Frommer, University ofCalifornia, Riverside; Miguel Garcia, University of Havana, Cuba; Wilford Hanson, Utah State University, Logan; Nor­ man Penny, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Bra­ zil; Robert Schuster, University of California, Davis; Jose Tonoria, B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii; H. V. Weems, Jr., Florida Depart­ ment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville; and Pedro Wygodzinsky, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y. Special thanks go to Nelson Papavero, Museum of Zoology, Univer­ sity of Sao Paulo, Brazil, who facilitated my visit there to study types and general specimens; to Frank McAlpine, Canadian National Collec­ tion, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, who arranged for me to survey the large collection of neotropical tephritids there and to borrow specimens; to Henry Dybas, who made possible a fruitful visit to the collections of the Field Museum, Chicago, Ill.; and to J. W. Ismay, Oxford University, England, who loaned the type-specimen ofIschyropteron nigricaudatum Bigot for study. I am also grateful to F. L. Blanc, Sacramento, Calif., who selected specimens from several California collections for this study; and to D. Elmo Hardy, who freely made available his extensive knowledge of the oriental Tephritidae during this study. Frequent discussions with G. C. Steyskal, my colleague, proved to be especially useful in providing week­ to-week guidance during the investigation. Sandra Vincent, formerly of the Systematic Entomology Labora­ tory, aided my studies materially by recording morphological data on all the genera. The line drawings were executed by Ellen Paige, Washing­ ton, D.C. III .' In".,;!. .,_. r .... CONTENTS Page Page Subfamilies, tribes, and genera 01 Tephritidae 3 Genus Hexachaeta Loew __________________ _____ 31 Key to subfamilies of Tephritidae ________________ 3 Genus Hexaresta :9:ering ______________________ 32 Subfamily Dacinae _______________________________ 4 Genus Romoeothrix Hering ___________________ 32 Key to genera of Dacinae __________________________ 4 Genus Ictericodes Hering _____________________ 32 Subfamily Myopitinae _____________________________ 5 Genus Ischyropteron Bigot ____________________ 33 Subfamily Oedaspidinae __________________________ 5 Genus Laksyetsa Foote _______________________ 33 Key to genera of Oedaspidinae ____________________ 5 Genus Lamproxyna Hendel ___________________ 33 Subfamily Trypetinae ____________________________ 6 Genus Lamproxynella Hering _________________ 34 Key to genera of Trypetinae ______________________ 7 Genus Lezca Foote ____________________________ 34 Subfamily Tephritinae __.__________________________ 9 Genus Lilloaciura Aczel _______________________ 34 Key to tribes of Tephritinae ______________________ 9 Genus Metasphenisca Hendel _________________ 35 Tribe Terelliini ___________________________________ 10 Genus Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos ________________ 35 Key to genera of Terelliini ________________________ 10 Genus Myoleja Rondani _______________________ 35 Tribe Ditrichini __________________________________ 10 Genus Neaspilota Osten S~cken _______________ 36 Key to genera of Ditrichini _______________________ 11 Genus Neoacanthoneura Hendel ______________ 36 Tribe Platensinini _______________________________ _ 12 Genus Neorhabdochaeta Malloch _____________ 36 Key to genera of Platensinini _____________________ 12 Genus Neorhagoletis Hendel __________________ 37 Tribe Tephritini __________________________________ 13 Genus Neotaracia Foote ______________________ 37 Key to genera of Tephritini _______________________ 14 Genus Neotephritis Hendel ___________________ 37 Tribe "Aciurini" __________________________________ 16 Genus Oedicarena Loew _______________________ 38 Key to g,\~nera of "Aciurini" ______________________ 16 Genus Orellia Robineau-Desvoidy _____________ 38 Descripticns of genera ____________________________ 17 Genus Ostracocoelia Giglio-Tos ________________ 38 Genus Acinia Robineau-Desvoidy _____________ 17 Genus Oxyna Robineau-Desvo tfy _____________ 39 Genus Aciurina Curran ______________________ _ 17 Genus Paracantha Coquillett __________________ 39 Genus Acrotaenia Loew _______________________ 18 Genus Parastenopa Hendel ___________________ 40 Genus Acrotaeniacantha Hering ______________ 18 Genus Paroxyna Hendel ______________________ 40 Genus Anastrepha Schiner ____________________ 1.9 Genus Plaumannimyia Hering _________________ 41 Genus Anomoia Walker _______________________ 19 Genus Polionota Wulp _________________________ 41 Genus Baryplegma Wulp ______________________ 20 Genus Polymorphomyia Snow _________________ 41 Genus Blepharoneura Loew ___________________ 20 Genus Procecidochares Hendel ________________ 42 Genus Caenoriata Foote ______________________ 21 Genus Procecidocharoides Foote ______________ 42 Genus Cecidocharella Hendel __________________ 21 Genus Protensina Hendel _____________________ 42 Genus Cecidochares Bezzi ____________________ _ 21 Genus Pseudacrotaenia Hendel _______________ 43 Genus Celidosphenella Hendel ________________ 22 Genus Pseudeutreta Hendel __________________ 43 Genus Ceratitis Macleay _____________________ _ 22 Genus Pseudoedaspis Hendel __________________ 43 Genus Ceratodacus Hendel ___________________ 23 Genus Pseudophorellia Lima __________________ 44 Genus Chetostoma Ronclani _________________ _ 23 Genus Pseudopolionota Lima __________________ 44 Genus Chrysaciura Aczel ______________________ 23 Genus Pyrgotoides Curran ____________________ 44 Genus Cryptodacus Hendel ___________________ 24 Genus RhachipteraBigot _____________________ 45 Genus Cryptoplagia Aczel ____________________ _ 24 Genus Rhagoletis Loew _______________________ 45 Genus Cryptotreta Blanc and Foote _________ _ 24 Genus Rhagoletotrypeta Aczel _________________ 46 Genus Dacus Fabricius ______________________ _ 25 Genus Rhithrum Hendel ______________________ 46 Genus Dictyotrypeta Hendel _________________ _ 25 Genus Stoneola Hering _____________ ~---------- 46 Genus Dioxyna Frey _________________________ 25 Genus Strobelia Rondani ____________________ _ 47 Genus Dracontomyia Becker __________________ 26 Genus Tephritis Latreille _____________________ 47 Genus Dyseuaresta Hendel ___________________ 26 Genus Tetreuaresta Hendel __________________ _ 47 Genus Ensina Robineau-Desvoidy ___________ _ 27 Genus Tomoplagia Coquillett _________________ _ 48 Genus Epochrinopsis Hering __________________ 27 Genus Toxotrypana Gerstacker _______________ _ 48 Genus Euaresta Loew _________________________ 27 Genus T1'Itpanea Schrank _____________________ 49 Genus Euarestoides Benjamin ________________ 28 Genus Trypanaresta Hering _________________ _ 49 Genus Euarestopsis Hering __________________ _ 28 Genus Trypeta Meigen ________________________ 49 Genus Eutreta Loew __________________________ _ 29 Genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy