Tadpole Talk
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160 1 Table of Contents Foreword 7 How to Use the Teacher’s Resource 9 Water Pre/Post Assessment 10 “Quickie” Ideas and Activities 11 Water Facts: The Developing World 13 Water Facts: Canada 14 Water Facts: Water Quality 15 Water Facts: Water Consumption - Some Comparisons 16 Water Facts: The Cost of Water in Developing Countries 17 Water Facts: Oral Re-hydration Therapy (ORT) 18 Water Science - Educator’s Notes 19 What Is Water? 19 Water as a Chemical 19 The Universal Solvent 19 Density 20 Buoyancy 20 Specific Gravity 21 Boiling and Freezing 21 Thermal Properties 21 Surface Tension 22 Adhesion and Cohesion 22 Capillary Action 22 Meniscus 23 Water Science - Activities 25 Water Tricks - #1 Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 26 Water Tricks #2 Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 27 2 Water Tricks #3 Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, English Language Arts extension 28 Water Tricks Score Card 29 Hard Water, Soft Water Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Mathematics 31 Water Mixer Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 33 Good Water Grade 6 Science, Mathematics 38 One Drop at a Time Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Mathematics 39 Water Weight Grades 5, 6 Science, Mathematics 40 Aquatic Notes Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 43 Salty Solutions Grade 6 Science, Mathematics 44 The Water Cycle - Educator’s Notes 47 The Hydrologic Cycle 47 The Ocean 49 How Big is the Ocean and What’s it Really Like? 49 What’s the Ocean Made of? 49 Life in the Ocean 50 Upwelling 51 The Water Cycle - Activities 53 Drop in the Bucket Grades 5, 6 Science, English Language Arts, Social Studies 54 Simulate the Hydrologic Cycle Grades 4, 5, 6 Multi-disciplinary 55 Nature’s Waterwheel Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 56 The Hydrologic Cycle 59 3 The Water Cycle Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 61 Diary of a Water Molecule Grades 4, 5, 6 English Language Arts, Science, Social Studies, Art 66 How Wet is Our Planet? Grade 6 Mathematics, Science 67 Water for Life - Educator’s Notes 70 Water Quality 70 Where Does our Drinking Water Come From? 71 Surface Water 71 Ground Water 72 Ground Water Storage 73 Ground Water Quality 74 Aquatic Ecosystems 75 Wetlands 75 Kinds of Wetlands in Nova Scotia 76 How Does Water Clean Itself? 77 Water for Life - Activities 79 Keeping Pond Specimens - Some Tips! 80 Tadpole Talk 80 What Can I Do to Improve Water Quality? 82 Avoid hazardous household products 82 Don’t Misuse the Sewage System 82 Don’t use pesticides or other hazardous materials in your garden 83 Don’t dump hazardous products into storm drains 83 Don’t forget about water quality - even when you’re having fun! 83 Ground Water Quality Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 84 Stream Scanners Grade 6 Science 86 Wells: A Deep Subject Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Mathematics 89 The Long Haul Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Mathematics, Social Studies 92 Making Drinking Water Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Social Studies 93 4 Water for Work - Educator’s Notes 95 Where We Use Water 96 A Brief Examination of Five Occurrences of Withdrawal Use 97 Thermal Power Generation 97 Manufacturing 97 Agriculture 98 Mining 98 A Brief Examination of Six Instream Water Uses 98 Hydroelectric Power Generation 99 Water Transport 99 Freshwater Fisheries 99 Wildlife 99 Recreation 100 Waste Disposal 100 Water for Work - Activities 101 Wind and Water Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 102 Lift a Load with Water Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 104 Make It Sink – Then Float! Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 105 Water Dangers - Educator’s Notes 106 Of Tides and Time 106 Wind and Waves 107 How Does the Ocean Move? 107 Water Dangers - Activities 109 Changing Tides Grades 5, 6 Science 110 A Current Affair Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 111 Tornado in a Bottle Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 113 Some Snowy Facts Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 115 How We Affect Water - Educator’s Notes 117 Acid Rain: Byproduct of the Industrialized World 118 5 Magnitude and Cost 118 What Can We Do? 119 Are We Changing the Earth’s Atmosphere? 119 The Greenhouse Effect 119 Quantity, Quality and Conservation 120 How We Affect Water - Activities 121 What is Acid Rain? Grade 4 Science 122 Building a Better Planet Grades 4, 5, 6 Social Studies 123 Water Uses Worksheet Grades 4, 5, 6 Mathematics, Social Studies 127 Water Information Sheet Grades 4, 5, 6 Mathematics, Social Studies 129 Protect the Dolphin Grades 4, 5, 6 Science, Social Studies, Physical Education 131 To Dam or Not To Dam Grade 6 Social Studies, English Language Arts 132 Down the Hill Grades 4, 5, 6 Science 134 Water For Fun - Activities 135 Wishing You Well Grades 4, 5, 6 English Language Arts, Social Studies 136 Make Some Waves! Grades P - 6 Science, Art activity 138 Raining Cats and Dogs Grades 4, 5, 6 English Language Arts 139 Resources 140 Publications 140 Organizations 143 Teaching Resources on the INTERNET 146 Pictou Antigonish Regional Library 149 Glossary 151 6 7 Foreword Water is one of our most precious gifts. Nova Scotians are fortunate to have an abundant supply which is freely shared by many users. Nova Scotia’s aquatic resources are found most notably in the form of lakes, rivers, brooks, swamps, salt water marshes, ocean coves, bays and open shore lines. We also are fortunate to possess underground fresh water aquifers in several areas of the province. Each of these forms of available water provide a distinct and significant contribution to the natural history and culture of Nova Scotia. The need to recognize and better understand the importance of our aquatic resources was the impetus for Children’s WaterFest ‘98. And the reason for more than 250 volunteers to join their efforts to produce the festival - the first of its kind in Atlantic Canada. The material in this Resource Kit is designed to help promote an understanding of some of the important ways we interact with water. The original version was prepared by the Programme Committee of Children’s WaterFest ‘98 (Carla Baillie, Margaret Earle, and Parker Wong), and its development and publishing was made possible by a grant from the Canada/Nova Scotia Water Economy Agreement. The publication of this version of the Resource was supported by the Nova Scotia Department of Environment. This Resource may be used to prepare or enhance classroom learning opportunities related to water education and was designed for grades 4 through 6. The subject matter contained herein provides a good overview of the importance of water in relation to human needs and the needs of non-human species. English language arts, science, mathematics, social science and art activities; as well as activities that incorporate two or more of these disciplines; have been included educators’ consideration. Every effort has been made to include Nova Scotian / Atlantic Canadian content in this Resource. The information contained in each section’s Educator’s Notes has been obtained from Canadian sources1. Likewise, the resource listings contained in the final section of the Kit are primarily Canadian, with emphasis given to resources available within the province of Nova Scotia. The information included in this Kit is designed to be of benefit to educators. It has also been designed to be easily photocopied and has been produced in a format that will (hopefully) facilitate its use for many years to come. The material in this kit may be reproduced for educational purposes, and Kits may be reproduced and shared amongst educators freely. Materials for student use have been formatted to reproduce easily as well. We hope that you find this Kit useful in your water education efforts. 1 The Fact Sheets in the Freshwater Series, produced by Environment Canada, were an invaluable tool in the compilation of information for this Resource. These booklets are available in both official languages. To order a copy of any booklet in this series or to learn more about what booklets and resources are available from Environment Canada, contact the Environment Canada Enquiry Centre in Ottawa at 1-800-668-6767 8 Notes: Please send your comments about and/or suggestions for the improvement of this Resource to: Nova Scotia Museum of Industry P.O. Box 2590 147 North Foord Street Stellarton, Nova Scotia B0K 1S0 phone: (902) 755-5425 / fax: (902) 755-7045 9 How to Use the Teacher’s Resource This guide has been designed for use as an educational resource. Please use it in the manner that best suits your purposes: feel free to edit, adjust and photocopy all parts of this Resource. The Resource is divided into five sections, each of which roughly corresponds with the presentation areas of Children’s WaterFest 2000. q Water Science is an essential section. In this section you will find information about the chemical (and magical!) properties of water. These properties are relevant to the rest of the activities and material contained in the Resource. q The Water Cycle contains information about the hydro logic cycle. This section is also considered essential to water resource education. q Water For Life deals with the many ways living species depend on abundant, clean water, and begins the examination of what we, as individuals, can do to protect our aquatic resources. q Water For Work considers how water is and has been used in industry. This section includes a discussion of primary and heavy industries, the role of water in the transportation of goods, the aquaculture industry, and hydroelectric power production. The section concludes with an activity designed to help students recognize the multitude of viewpoints involved in water resource management.