. CONGRESSIONA·L RECORD-· HOUSE· JANUARY 30

Mr. SMOOT. As· It passed the House. I have not the tele­ Seth E. Barron to be temporary lieutenant (junior grade) . gram with me, but I thought it said as reportedto the Senate. Raymond V. l\larron to be temporary lieutenant (junior :Mr. Sll\11\IO:NS. Yes; that is what the telegram said. · grade). 1\Ir. SMOOT. I said it did not apply to the Senate com­ COABT A -n GEODETIC SURVEY mittee bill, and it does not apply to the Senate-committee bill. John l\Iahlon Neal to be junior hydrographic and ~eodetJc Mr. SIMMONS. I said the telegram referred to the bill as engineer. pa sed by the House. It does not apply to the Senate com­ Philip Chester Doran to be junior hydrographic and geodetic mittee bill, because the Senate committee has increa ed the engineer. reduction. To be aids 1\Ir. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I de ire the attention of Ector Brooks Latham, jr. Charles Roland Bush, jr. the senior Senator from Utah [Mr. SMooT] for just a moment. George Riley Shelton. Harry King Hilton. ·The Senator differed with me about figures in reference to tax John Bowie, jr. Bennett Green Jones. refunds a few moments ago. I have taken the trouble to go to the clerk of the Committee on Appropriations and get the PROMOTIONS, BY TRANSFER, IX THE ARMY exact figures, and I want to give them to the Senate and call John Blacl:well Maynard to be major, Coast Artillery Corps. the attention of the Senator from Utah to them. George Bateman Peploe, Air Service, to be second lieutenant, In the deficiency bill of 1924 there was an appropriation of Infantry. $133,607. In the deficiency bill of 1925 there was an appro­ PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY priation of $12.000,000, and in the second deficiency appropria­ Gra_nville Sevier to be colonel, Coast Artillery Corp . tion bill of 1925 there was an appropriation of $150,000,000. In Odiorne Hawks Sampson to be lieutenant colonel, Quarter- all, in less than a calendar year, the1;e was appropriated master Corps. $295,607,000 for refund , and there is a bill now before the Stephen Roscoe Beard to be major, Finance Department. Appropriations Committee. or an item in a bill before that George Nicoll Watson to be major, Finance Department. committee, for refunds of taxes la t year in the main, but to Maylon Edward Scott to be captain, Field Artillery. apply partially to this year, amounting to $149.250,000 more, a Lewis Burnham Rock to be captain, Infantry. total in slightly more than a year of $4-!4,857,000. Charles Moorman Hm·t to be captain, Cavalry. 'l~he figures for 1921 were, in round numbers, $8,000.000; for John Taylor 'Vard to be fir t lieutenant, Cavalry, 1922, in round numbers, $2-1,000,000; for 19!?3, in round num­ John Elmer Reier on to be first lieutenant, Coast Artillery bers, $480,000,000. There has been a total since the income tax Corps. law was passed in 1917 down to September 30, 1925, of $5l»,- Henry Jackson Htmt, je., to be first lieutenant, Infantry. 835,125.28, which, added to the item now before the committee RESERVE CORPS of nearly $150,000,000, will bring the grand total up to $700,- 000.000 of refunds. It is worse than as I gave it. Brice Pursell Disque to be brigadier general, reserve. Mr. S1\100T. That is not what the Senator said at all. PosTMASTERS l\Ir. McKELLAR. It is very much more than I said. FLORIDA 1\Ir. SMOOT. The Senator said it was four hundred million Daniel L. Thorpe, l\Ianatee. and odd dollars in one year. ILLINOIS 1\lr. McKELLAR. According to these figures it would be, in about a calendar year, $4--H,857,000. 0 car L. Anderson, Cobden. 1\lr. S.MOOT. In order that the record may be straight I David B. Troxel, De La:nd. want to give the exact an10unts so there will be no question James A. Duncan, Flat Rock. about it at all. In the fiscal year 1924, beginning July 1, 1923, Howard L. Scott, Fox Lake. and ending June 30, 1924, it was $127,220,154.47; for the fiscal Elmer Beck, Henick. year ending June 30, 1925, it was $147,777,03-!.05; for the fiscal Claude W. McDaniel, Martinsville. year 1926, which is estimated, as the year does not end until Albert L. Weible, New Athens. June 30, 1926, it is $157.625,000. The estimate for the fiscal Carlysle Pemberton, Oakland. year ending June 30, 1927, is $152,225,000. That i' what the Elmer C. Nethery, Palestine. Treasury report states, and there was no $-!00,000,000 in any Albert R. Cooper, Pe otum. one year. John B. Dillon. Sadorus. 1\Ir. McKELLAR. The report is just in error, because the Rudolph ~Ineller. Sherrard. figures I gave are taken from the actual appropriations made Norredden Coven, Sorento. by the Congress. Norman A. Jay, Steeleville. 1\lr. SMOOT. The appropriations have nothing to do with MARYLAND .the year in which rebates are decided. Fred R. Tucker, Forest Hill. EXECUTIVE SESSIO~ NEW JERSEY l\lr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ LeRoy Sofield, Avon by the Sea. sideration of executive business. George G. Titus, Belmar. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the Helen 1\Iylod, Glen Ridge. consideration of executive bu ·iness. After five minutes spent in Alvin C. Stover, Pennington. executive session the doors were reopened. NORTH DAKOTA ADJOUR~MEXT Ettephina C. w·. ".,.inkier, l\Iontpelier. :Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate adjourn. Allan R. Rowatt, Rolette. The motion was agreed to: and the Senate (at 5 o'clock and PEXNSYLVANIA 15 minutes p. m.) adjourned until Monday, February 1, 1926, Howard S. Crownover, Curwensville. at 12 o'clock meridian. Ira L. Humes, Tarentum. R. Oscar Smeal, West Decatur. COXFIR~IATIONS RHODE ISLAXD E:recutiL-e 1101ninations confirmed by the Se1Ulte Ja-nuat·y 30 George w. Burgess, Pawtucket. (legislatire day of January 16), 1926 EXAMTh""ER IN CHIEF UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICII George Russell Ide to be examiner in chief. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U~ITED STATES CoAsT GuARD SATURDAY, Janum ...y 30, 19~6 Francis S. Van Boskerck to be captain. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. John G. Berry to be temporary captain. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered Philip H. Scott to be commander. the following prayer : William H. Shea to be temporary commander. Frederick A. Zeusler to be lieutenant commander. Our blessed heavenly Father, we do hope that our confidence is Ra~mond T. McElligott to be temporary lieutenant com- in Thee; then we shall be able to triumph over om· fears. While mander. it is a great thing to have faith in God, impress us deeply that Joseph Greem~pun to be temporary lieutenant commander. it is a much greater thing for God to ha,·e faith in us. We 1\l~rlin O'Neill to be lieutenant. · · beseech Thee, 0 Lord, to make us worthier of Thy trust. Norman H. Leslie to be lieutenant. Enable us to go to our labors with a willing spirit, and thus Harold G. Belford to be temporary lieutenant (junior gr!l_de). _we shall stand abo_ye the!ll rathe~ than toll beneath them. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3027 When silence means the pause of disappointment, whoo plans matter to buy these bonds, so that every day the delay goes are overthrown, when our energies end in the defeat of our on these women are lasing more and more money by holding best wisdom, then, Father, take us by the hand and light and their money ready to buy the bonds. · lead the way and give the heart the blessing of repose. Amen. Mr. DYIDR. If this matter could be referred to the proper The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and committee and reported back promptly-say, within a week or 10 days-would it interfere with the purposes for which this approYed. legislation is intended? J\IESS.AGE FROM THE SENATE 1\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. Yes; it is just that much A message from the Senate, by Mr. Cra\en, one of its clerks, added to their already long delay. They anticipated that this announced that the Senate had passed bill of 'the following would become a law the first week or 10 days of December, title, in which the concurrence of the House of Representatives and that they would have the plans and money already on the wa requested : way. If there was ever any possible reason for doubt about S. 780. An act to amend section 2 of the act entitled "An the matter, it was when they were authorized to bold a million act to incorporate the National Society of the Daughters of the dollars' worth of property ; but it is immaterial to the Con­ American Reyolution." gress or to the American people as to whether they shall have DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIO:N a $5,000,000 plant or a lesser one. It will not cost the Gov- Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I am informed that the bill ernment a penny in any event. · which has just been messaged over from the Senate is one of con­ Mr. CRAMTON. 1\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? siderable importance to the Daughters of the American Revo­ Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. Yes. . lution. It is really an emergency matter, as I understand, con­ 1\Ir. CRAMTON. Has this matter had the attention of any nected with the financing of some new improvements which committee of the House? they desire to make in the nature of adding· to their building. Mr. JOHNSO~ of Kentucky. It has not, and that is not To wait for the matter to be referred to the proper committee deemed necessary, becau e, as I say, the only question is, and reported will probably take more than two weeks' time Shall these women be allowed to use more of their pwn money before it can be taken up in the House. Such a delay, I am toward providing seating capacity for their membership? informed, might embarrass this organization in its efforts to Mr. CRAMTON. M.y confidence in the gentleman from Ken· finance the building program. In view of the e facts, and also tucky .is so great, as it is also in the gentleman from Connect­ in view of the fact that it entails no expense whatsoe\er upon icut, that I shall not object; but I think it ought to be ob· the Government, I ask unanimous consent that the bill may sened that there is nothing to prevent reference of thi in now be taken from the Speaker's table and put upon its due course to the proper committee, speedy action by that passage. committee, and tl1en consideration under ~animous consent, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Connecticut asks as is proposed here. I think it is an extremely bad precedent unanimous consent to take from the Speaker's table the bill that is being established. (S. 780) to amend section 2 of the act entitled "An act to Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? incorporate the National Society of the Daughters of the Ameri­ Mr. JO~SON of Kentucky. Yes. can Revolution," just messaged over· from the Senate, and to Mr. BLANTON. The bill itself affords ample safeguard and consider the same. Is there objection? protection. It provides that the right to hold this increa ·ed Mr. GARNER of Texas. l\Ir. Chairman, I reserve the right amotmt of property shall be consistent with the purposes of to object. the organization, and the purpo.ses of the organization are Mr. TILSON. 1\Ir. Speaker, the gentleman from Kentucky wholly patriotic. [Mr. JoHNSON] has more detailed information in respect to Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. Entirely so. It is nothing this bill than I have, and I should be very glad if he would more thaq a change in the value of the property which the answer any questions that may be asked about it. I have had society may own. only a very short time to examine it. Mr. GARNER of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the right to 1\Ir. DYER. Mr. Speaker, let us have the bill reported. object. May I say to the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. The SPEAKER. Without objection, the Clerk will report the JoHNSON] · that during the last Congress, and I think once in bill. this Congress, I made the suggestion to the membership of the There was no objection, and the Clerk read as follows: House, and especially to the organization of the Republican side, that whenever unanimous consent is asked for the con­ Be it enacted, etc., That section 2 of the act entitled "An act to sideration of a bill or resolution which is under the jurisdic­ incorporate the National Society of the Daughters of the American tion, say, of the Judiciary Committee, or any other committee Revolution," approved February 20, 1896, as amended, is amended to of the House, the Member asking it should be able to say that read as follows: he has consulted both the chairman of the particular com· " SEC. 2. That said society is authorized to hold real and personal mittee and the minority ranking member of that committee. estate in the United States, so far only as may be necessary to its This practice is nothing but courtesy. I think it is the lawful ends, to an amount not exceeding $5,000,000, and may adopt a proper method of conducting unanimous-consent requests that constitution and make by-laws not inconsistent with law, and may the ranking Member on this side, at least, should have an op­ adopt a seal.· Said society shall have its headquarters or principal portunity to consider the question. I ask the gentleman if he office at Washington, in the District of Columbia." will not withhold it until Mr. SUMNERS of Texas or some one else Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman of the Judiciary Committee can be consulted. It can be brought from Connecticut will yield, I would be glad to make a short up again to-day. I think it is a good practice, and I wish the statement relative to the matter. gentleman from Connecticut would keep that in view, so that Under the present law the holdings of the Daughters of the others will not have to object. If you can say that you have American Revolution are limited to "1,000,000. Their building co·nsulted the chairman and the ranking Democratic member on here is too small to seat the delegates who attend the annual the committee, why, that relieves the situation and relieves convention. 1'he society has grown to be so large and has the Members on this side, at least, of the obligation of inquir­ grown so rapidly that their hall is too small. All they ask is ing whether they had any notice of what was to be done. This that they be permitted to own $5,000,000 worth of property can be called up again to-day when Mr. SUMNERS of Texas is instead of $1,000,000 worth of property. In other words, it is on the .floor of the House. I think it is a good practice. merely an enlargement in their property holdings, to enable 1\lr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. There can be no po. sible sort them to build an addition to their hall which will seat the dele­ of objection to permitting these women to do what it is de· gates of the society when they come here in annual convention. ired to do, and now that this matter is up I think it very-­ Mr. DYER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. GAR~"'ER of Texas. I wish the gentleman would let it Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. Yes. go over until Mr. SuMNERS of Texas is here. Mr. DYER. What is the necessity for immediate action? I 1\!r. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, of course I could not if I shall not object if there is a necessity for it. would push this bill over without entire agreement, so that Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. When the society met last every ~Iember present takes the same view of it. The circum­ April, which is the annual time of their meeting, Congress was stances under which I made the request I stated partially in not in session. They have gone as far as they can go toward my opening remarks, to the effect that in reference to financing getting the money with which to build this addition. Daugh­ the new building these ladies are being held up because of the ters of the American Revolution and citizens all over the delay in passing this bill. In view of the fact that it does not United States have agreed to take bonds which they propose enlarge the scope or powers of the corporation in any way issuing. The money with which they are going to buy these whatsoever, but simply authorizes it to hold $5,000,000 worth bonds is in banks held by those people, drawing no interest. of prOJ}erty instead of $2,000,000, it seems to me that it' is not They are daily awaiting the' authorization of Congress in this a matter to which anybody in. th~ House could object. LXVII-191 3028 CONGRESSION .A.L RECORD- HOUSE JANUARY 30 :ur. GAR:\"ER of Texas. Let me a:k tlle gentleman from banquet to-night if it were not for his extTeme age and the Connecticut a question. I do not think I did ; but I did ask weather of Ohio at this time. the gentleman from Ohio when he wa floor leader, Does not Mr. HUDDLESTON. ~Ir. Speaker, may I tate to the gentle­ the gentleman think it i good practice, where unanimous con­ man that I served under General Keifer as a private oldier .-ent is asked for the con ideration of a hill or re·olution, to in the Spanish War, and that I bold him in the deepest affec­ get the consent both of the chairman anu ranking member of tion? [Applause.] the minority? Mr. BRAND of Ohio. Ohio has been honored only twice ::ur. TILSO~. The gentleman is entirely correct, and it is a during the history of the country with the Speaker"bip, once practice that I have endea\ored to follow. with Genera~ Keifer, and to-day with the di ~ tingui bed Mr. GARNER of Texa ·. It is merely taking this O\er until Speaker now in the chair. [Applause.] Now, I wi h to say this afternoon, and there is not much time lost. I wish the gen­ to the Members of the House that General Keifer can not be tleman woulu adhere to the practice, which I think is a good congratulated here in per on. I understand that under the one and ought to be insisted upon on both ide of the House. rules of the House a motion would be out of order, but I think Mr. TILSON. What the gentleman propose bas been my tho e who knew him and who served under him might well practice. In the first place, I did not know of it until \ery send a mes age to him to-day. I know ne will appreciate it, shortly before the Hou e convened, and in the next place it and you can send it to Ohio, and I know he will receive it; was by no means clear what committee should have it. In but for celerity of deliv-ery you might add Springfield. [Ap­ the Senate it had been referred to the Committee on Finance, plause.] which committee, of cour::-;e, corre ponds to the Committee on .Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Ways and Means of the House, while it seemeu to me the proceed for five minutes. Juuiciary Committee would be the proper committee to handle The SPEAKER. The gentleman f1·om Illinois a ks unani­ it. Before this matter had been cleared up it was time for the mous consent to proceed for five minutes. Is there objection? House to con\ene. There was no objection. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee rose. Mr. l\IADDEN. I rise, Mr. Speaker, first to say that I was The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Tenne . ee object? delighted to hear what my friend from Ohio [1\Ir. BRAND] had Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. No. to say, but particularly I rise for the pm·pose of saying that it Mr. TILSON. I intend to withdraw it for the present. was my privilege to have served with General Keifer in the l\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. I hope the gentleman will not House during the la t years of his service here, and to , erve withdraw it becau e- on the Committee on Appropriations with him. I never knew ~Ir. GARNER of Texas. If not, I will make a point of no a man in all the history of my . ervice who was so indefatigable quorum and get Mr. SuMNERS of Texas here and all the rest here in his efforts to do ometbing for his country. He was aggres­ and then the gentleman can ask unanimous con ent. If the sive, po itive, and determined to accomplish re ults, and that ~entleman can not wait five hours to pass this bill, I shall make he achieved all the greatness that bas just been told here is a point of no quorum and bring the membership here. the best evidence that he was successful and did accompli h. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Connecticut with­ It has come to few men anywhere to achieve the greatne.' · that draws Ws request. General Keifer attained in his active yea1·s. To-day be i 90 Mr. BRAND of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent years of age, four score and ten, 20 years above the Biblical to proceed for fi\e minute . period; and yet his mind is clear, and be is a full of vigor The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The and life as be ever was in all his life. It is true he can not run Chair bears none. a foot race, as he u. ed to, but be can make an argument or :Mr. BRAND of Ohio. After the beautiful tribute paid to tell a story or expound the law and lead men in the direction our lovable colleague on ye terday, Major STEDMAN, of North in which they should go with as much ingenious ability as be Carolina, and with the thought singing in our hearts that the did in his early military days. To become a major general wounds of the Nation have been completely healed, I rise for in the Union Army during the Ci\il War was no small achieve­ a . omewbat similar purpose and wish to ask you to pause for ment, but to have been made a major general in another war, a moment to honor another gentleman who was a .Membei' of 30 years later, was a still greater achievement, becau e few this Hou. e for a great many years and is to-day one of the men li're ov-er such an expanse of time and continue o great three living ex-Speakers of this House, who was a major under the circumstances for so long a period. Men come and general on the northern side during the Civil War. I refer to go; they rise, they fall, they pa ~ away. Few men have risen General Keifer, of Springfield, Ohio, in my district. [Ap­ and stayed at the top as General Keifer bas done durino- all plause.] He i 90 years old to-day. He is the first citizen in his long life. He has the confidence and re. pcct of every man m~· district. His career began away back in Abraham Lincoln's who served here with him and knew him. time, when he \olunteered in the Union Army in 1861, and so We recognized in him one of the great leader of the distinguished were his services during the war that in 1865 he was commissioned a major general on account of gallant House. We followed him in the great national problems serviceR on the field of battle. which be advocated and for which be stood. He was an I think be is now the only living commander who was at exemplar of real American patriotism. He lived a life that Shiloh. After the war, in 1877, he came to this House and we can well emulate. We are proud to have even been al­ was here until 1885, and such was his ability as a leader and lowed to live in the shadow of his greatne s. I wi b to expre. s the hope that this House, through the state ~ man that be was made Speaker of this House from 1881 Speaker, will send a message of congTatulation to General to 1883. When the united States went to war with Spain, although Keifer on behalf of the Members of the Hou e on thi , his General Keifer was more than 60 year of age, yet he was ninetieth birthday. I a k unanimous consent that the Speaker bale n.nd hearty, and he offel'ed W ervices to his country may be allowed to do that. [Applause.] again, and, along with Gen. Joe '\\heeler of the Southland, The SPEAKER. The gentleman fL·om Illinois a. ks unani­ was appointed by President McKinley as a major general ot mous consent that the Speaker may be authorized and directed '"'·olunteer in the Spanish War and served in Cuba during to end to General Keifer a telegram on behalf of the House, the entire war. After the Spani ·h "'ar was over General congratulating him on his ninetieth birthday. Is there objec· Keifer came back to the House, and was here from 1905 to 1912. tion '? ~ow , I want to point out to the Members of the House that There was no objection. his o.: en·ice to his country is unusual in both times of peace The SPEAKER. It is so ordered. [Applau. e.] and time of war. A major general in the Civil War in the 1\Ir. TUCKER rose. sixties, a Speaker of tbi House in the eighties, a major general The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Virginia de. ir~ in the Spanish \\ar in the nineties, and 10 :rears Jatel' back into to speak? this House, co\ering a period of over 50 years of active public Mr. TUCKER. Yes, sir; for a moment. service. And so I ay that General Keifer i not only the firt I was entirely unaware that my friend from Ohio [l\Ir. citizen of my

I looked around to see if my colleague, Judge HARRISON, point of no quorum, I have never objected to a unanimous­ was in the Hou ·e at the moment, but I see he has been de~ consent request, and have taken up but little time of the House. tained this morning in committee. I can not permit this pretty At the beginning of the discu~sion of this bill, I went to the ceremony to go on without stating one fact about General gentleman from Texas (Mr. BucHA~AN], who has charge of the .Keifer. time' on this side, and told him I wanted 30 minute in which · He was a major general in the Federal Army, and during to discuss a measure that would probably come up under sus­ the Civil War was .. tationed for a while-not very long-in pension of the rules at an early date. I want to discuss the the town of Winchester, my birthplace. Winchester changed public Luildings bill. I am next on the list. Everyone above hands 77 times during the Civil War. General Keifer was me on the list has been given all the time that was asked, there-! do not know how long in command of the Federal and orne have been granted more time than they originally re· troops, but I want to say to you that he wa there long enough quested. I am not making any complaint about that, but I do to enlist the admiration and esteem of the Confederate people feel I am justified at this time, however reluctant I may be to of the city of Winchester. [Applau e.] And when he came do so, in objecting, unless I can be given the 30 minutes I have back to Congres some of the good people of Winchester, hear­ asked for to discuss a very important measure which, as I ing of his being here, sent for him that they might show him say, may come up at an early date under suspension of the in tile hours of peace their esteem for him, for his demeanor rules with no opportunity to discuss it. Without that assur· toward them in the days of war. [Applause.] Those were ance I feel constrained, however much I regret it, to object at tr.ving days. War is hell! But I rise to pay my tiibute to a this time. man who in times of war never forgot to be a gentleman Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. If the gentleman will permit, always. [Applause.] of course, I want all gentlemen to have an opportunity to dis­

AGRICL"LTu~AL APPROPRIATIO~ BILL cuss measures in which they are interested, but does my friend Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Speaker, I mo\e that the from Alabama realize that the gentleman from New York, House resolve itself into Committee of the Whole House on under the rules now, can move to close debate and can close it? the state of the Union for the further consideration of the bill Mr. ALMON. By majority vote', of course. I realize that. (H. R. 8264) making appropriations for the Department of Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Does it get the gentleman any· Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for where? I would like to haYe all the discussion the gf'ntleman other purposes; and pending that motion, .Mr. Speaker, I ask wants. I do not care if the gentleman object . unanimous consent that further general debate under this bill !\lr. ALMON. Mr. Speaker, some of the gentlemen have be limited to four hours, one-half to be controlled by the withdrawn their requests, and the gentleman from Texas has consented to yield me 20 minutes time, and I therefore gladly gentleman from Texas [~Ir. BucH..A.~AN] and one-half by myself. withdraw my reservation of objection. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? mous consent that further general debate on the bill be limited There was no objection. to four hours, one-half to be controlled by himself and one-half The motion was agreed to. by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BucHANAN]. Is there Accordingly the House resolved itself into Committee of the objection? Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con­ Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ sideration of the bill H. R. 8264, the Agricultural appropriation . ject, I want to state the actual conditions of the debate on bill, with l\Ir. TREADWAY in the chair. this side and the requests that have been made. There have The CHAIUMA.l"\T. The House is now in Committee of the been 23 gentlemen on this side requesting time under general Whole Honse on the state of the Union for the con ideration debate. Eight of those gentlemen have been accommodated of the bill of which the Clerk will read the title. with Yarious extensions added to their time. The balance of The Clerk read as follows : them still insist upon time being granted to them ranging A bill (H. R. 8264) making appropriations for the Department ot from 10 minutes to 30 minutes and aggregating 4 hours. Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for othel' I can not in good conscience refuse to agree to the unanimous­ purpo es. con ent request of the gentleman from New York [Mr. MAGEE], Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield one minute to the because he has been kind and generous and has conceded to the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. SHALLENBERGER]. minority about one hour more time than he retained for the Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Mr. Chau·man, I realize the scar­ majority side. The purpose and object of this statement is to city of time, and so I only ask for this brief time to offer for suggest to my colleagues on this side who have requested time the RECORD a letter received by my. elf from Secretary Hoover, to defer their reque ts until they can get time worth while, of the Department of Commerce, on the rubber investigation because under this unanimous-consent reque t, if it goes into and my reply thereto. I ask unanimoua consent to extend my effect, every man on this side who has requested time will remarks in the RECORD by publishing those letters. have to have the time allotted him heretofore cut in half. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the reque t of the it whether he likes or not, and I shall take the responsibility. gentleman from ~ebraska? Mr. LOZIER. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I There was no objection. would like to inquire of the gentleman from New York whether Mr. SHALI1ENBERGER. Mr. Chairman, under leave granted or not this time is to be consumed in debating the bill that is to extend my remarks I insert a letter received by myself pending before this House or whether the Members will be from Secretary Hoover, of the Department of Commerce, given Ute privilege of roaming all o-rer the earth and discuss­ on the rubber investigation and my reply thereto, which are ing other bills and other matter· that are not germane to this as follow : blll? DEPARTl\IENT Oil' COlDIERCE, 1\lr. MAGEE of New York. I am unable to state what OFFICE OF 'fH]l SECRETARY, subject matter gentlemen may talk upon. TVaslzinyton, Jauttary 1!1, 1926. Mr. LOZIER. I refer to agriculture, and I would like to The Hon. ASHTO~ C. SHALLENBERGE.R, inquire whether or not the time is ever coming in this House House ot Representati'res. when Members who want to discuss the bill that is pending­ l\Ir DBAR l\IR. SHALLEXBERGER : I do not believe you wish in any in this case the Agricultural bill-will be permitted in general way to justify the foreign governmental monopolies of our import debate to discuss that bill and not be compelled to step aside raw materials or the unreasonable prices which they have from time to allow other Members to discuss other bills and other sub­ to time exacted trom the American people. I therefore wish to cor­ jects. rect the misimpression which may arise from the statement in the 1\lr. MAGEE of New York. I will say to the gentleman that, New York World of the 26th in which you are reported to have said so far as I am concerned, my object has been to accommodate that the price of rubber never went to a dollar and that the customs my colleagues in the House. The debate has not been limited returns on rubber imports show less total e:rpenditure than the esti­ to the subject matter of the bill and I do not ask that. I like mates furnished the committee hearings. to please the Members of the House so far as I reasonably can. As the record has not been published, you have apparently not Mr. LOZIEIR. Further reserving the riglit to object, and I been able to consult the exact text of the statements made before shall not object further than to say I protest against the system the committee. What I have uniformly stated is in line with my by which men who want to debate the bill under consideration first announcement on thls subject on December 10, 1925: are precluded and foreclosed f1·om doing so by Members who " Our imports for 1925 will be about 860,000,000 pounds, and at are given practically all the time and allowed to ramble all normal growth our consumption will be 900,000,000 in 1926. At over the earth and di cuss other quel'tions not germane to the the price declared by the price-fixing body as ' fair' to them, our bill under consideration. next yenr's supply would cost us about $324,000,000, but at the .Mr. ALMON. 1\Ir .• 'pea.ker, reserving the right to object, dur­ present prices of $1.10 per potmd it will cost us about $990,000,000 ing my 11 years of service in this House I have never made a or $G60,ooo·,ooo in excess of the 'fair ' price." 3030 CO~GR . ESSIONAL RECORD-_ HOUSE JANUARY 30

You will find tbnt the same statement appears again in the licen~ed by vill&ge, State, and Nation ·in the attempt to top its records before yonr committee, in e\ery ca {' being a forecast of growth or ldll it. what would be the re ult to the American people from the actions The ystem of regulation and license became so notorious a ' of this monopoly during the past few months wh<'n ' projected onr failure, whi1e the traffic, on the other hand, became o gen­ the next year. erally branded by the court. of the land as the major cause of The actual prices of rul.lber are a matter of public record in the insanity, crime, and pauperism that the people decided the daily pre s and, of conrse, you can not be correctly quoted in stating thing wa an evil that mm.;;t be eradicated, not conn·olled. thnt the price has never gone to $1. If you will consult the press The hamlet took it up and made it an outlaw. To make it you will find that the price bas on many occasions passed the dollar more effective and secure its benefits the town hip closed its mark during the lasl six months. Ob'!"'iously the rubber coming doors to it. Then the cou.nty asked its withdrawal, only to through the customs prcviou to this period represent · purchases made fl.rid that if it was to be effecthe in the bniTiers erected it nt earlier dates and therefore at lower prices on an a cending mar­ would need to be state-wide. Then again came the need of ket. The effect of the enormous ·prices of the pa. t months will be national action because of our moder.n inh::r tate-commerce eYident in future customs returns. actinties. You will see from the evidence put into the RECORD that the fair When the eighteenth amendment be<:ame effectir-e two-thirds price declared by representatiYes of the British rubber committee was of the people linng in nine-tenths of its area had prohibited the 36 cents, that it was maintained until about March a year ago, since liquor traffic by State or local action. which time the price of rubber bas steadily ascended, and it is precl ely Thus it is readily seen that the consummation was not an this boo t which is the whole ba is of this discussion, a lift in price so accide.nt or the hysteria of the. people. It wa a final decision enormous as to amount to a much as 300 per cent over the supposed of an active national con ·cience. . fair price and 600 per cent above the cost of production. ·what ha it accomplished? Six years have gone by and the I realize that your tatement arise out of a misunderstanding of the Nation has not gone to the bowwow" entirely. Perhaps no facts, which, as shown above, ha;e been accurately stat<:'d. I know harder period for the testing of a great new gor-ernmental pol­ your own sense of fairne s will lead you to correct the misimpre ion icy could har-e been chosen than the period of recon truction which may arise out of your statements. after a great "\\"'orld War. Yours faithfully, Six rears is not a proper period for the testing. This is HERBERT HOOYER. recognized by any fair-minded friend or foe. It may not ret har-e had a uffi.cient time to tell whethe1· it is the ric:rht govern­ .h:>storation to its rightful owners of all that drink ha confiscated-for the return o~ LA:-etter enforcement is partly a matter of have come to the parting of the ways. We bear you no hatred, for continued education as a re!lned national morale and partly a matter we toleratpd you as a weak society truckles . to a strong foe, and we of gaining a better measure of enforcement and punishment, but I welcome the day when temperance will be emblazoned before us as was believe that gradually the people will acct>pt the challenge both to tem­ the sacred cross bPfore the ancient Constantine, and we can say one perance and law enforcement. and in accord, "In hoc signo vinces." KII:~YON L. BUTTIDRFUlLD. ~' he editorial is as follows : Now, l\fr. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, I want to take up one other propo ition in my limited time. In the last I"X HOC SlG~O VI~CES year there has been made what is called three different sur­ [Written by A.. P. Johnson, publisher of the Grand R:-plds NPws, for veys. Tlle Subcommittee on Alcoholic Traffic made a survey the Michigan dry campaign committee] and reported back in a pamphlet of 142 pages. We stand to-day on the threshold of a great reform. We are facing This survey was made by means of a very comprehensive a npw dawn, a new day. questionnaire sent by the co·mmittee to all officials of the Gov­ That reform is the triumph of temperance. The nPw dawn iB pro­ ernment-Federal, State, and county-whose duties brought hibition. The new day, sobriety. them in toucll with the administration. and enforcement of the You ask how I shall vote and why. eighteenth amendment. In addition to offieials, the qu(:'Stion­ I shall vote for prohibition because underlying ltCJ tenets are the naire was sent to social service and welfare organizations. It happinpss of my fellow men, the welfare of society, the betterment of is as complete a survey as time and opvortunity was afforded the wotld. the committee. 3032 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 The second so-called survey was an unofficial research bul­ Ualnutrition among children : Decreasing------107 letin issued by F. Ernest Johnson under the name of the Fed­ 25 eral Council of the Churches of Christ of America, who says Liqu!~c:::s~~ors:------= ~ss accessible------130 in his foreword : ore accessible ______------(i6 Nothing in this report is to be interpreted as indicating ultimate conclusions. It is too early to form final judgments. The success of Now come the figures from which the unofficial committee prohibition depends, in part at least, upon the· degree of interest and makes their statements: activity that the situation here set forth may arouse in persons who Drinking by young people: have a serious concern fo.r the outcome. 1 This document is a pamphlet of some 80 pages, and closes its ~s~:~i~i~=:_=_=::_=:_=_=::::::_=_=_=:_=:_=:_=_=:_=:::::::_=:::::::::_ ~~ discussion with these words : I submit that when all the figures stated above are taken When the darker side of the prohibition sih1atlon is faced it must into consideration. it is a far-fetched conclu ·ion that there is be remembered that no intelligent advocate of the new r~gime expected ~o~e. drinking by young people after six years of national pro­ it would be fully effective. • * • The fact that prohibition is far hlblt10n than there was before prohibition. I wish to submit from yielding re ults that were hoped for from it does not warrant a to this unofficial committee this pertinent question : How many widE-ly concurrent assumption that it can not be enforced. • • • men or women in preprohibition days acquired the hahit of The situation presents an unprecedented challenge to the schools and drink. and the taste. for liquor after they were 21 years of age? the churches. A new opportunity is at hand. Certarnly no one w1ll call the saloon of former days a kinder­ gai1:en for teaching sobriety. Nor will any e tablishment et A third so-called survey is a pamphlet issued by the Modera­ up, call it by any name which you will, for furnishing of a bever· tion League, entitled "A National Survey of Conditions Under age containing an alcoholic content under the plans for modifica­ Prohibition." It is a small pamphlet of some 16 pages that tion that will result in a generation free from the habit of the attempts to give a mas ~ of figures obtained from police-court alcoholic drug. blotte1·s in certain cities of a group of States. It is so mani­ In t~~ third paragraph of this communication they refer to festly superficial and so full of deductions drawn from figures the priVIlege, so called, of home-made wine. Inasmuch as they· that do not embrace all conditions that it i of practically no quote from the bulletin of the Council of Churches for their value in determining conditions which it is supposed to pre­ fir t reason for modiiication, let us see what that bulletin ays sent. Unquestionably there is need for a full and comprehen­ on that issue: sive survey by some committee of Congress which has the ability and power to secure this information from Federal and From the point of view of law enforcement, the home manufacture State officials, institutions, and agencies. of wine, particularly in alien communities, is a serious obstacle to This survey ought to be made in view of the propaganda 100 per cent efficiency, but more and more it is becoming endent that that is being launched by those who are both for and against this phase of the problem is of relatively little significance. this great ex."Periment in social and economic government life. The plea of the modificationists is that modiiication is in· There are instances of gross violations of the law no one will evitable. That is a conclusion without fact. But suppo e for question, but without a shadow of a doubt in the minds of argument's sake, it might be true. What are we to hope from sane, thinking people the Nation is moving ahead, and, as the modific~tion? Certainly not less drinking; certainly not better sw·vey of the Honse committee reveals, the benefits of prohibi· economic and social conditions in the home. The only re nit tion in these six year. have meant increased comforts in home wo~ld be t? ~eg~ again the traffic in alcoholic beverages. life, better opportunities in school life, better health, better While the limit m1ght be placed on brewed and vinous liquoi'S food, better clothing, better homes. And two great ontstand· of certain alcoholic content, it would nevertheless furnish the ing results face us on this sixth anniver ary, the elimination cover for the traffic in all alcoholic beverages and would make of saloons from country life and from city treets, which has absolutely nonenforceable any restriction against spiritous meant practically the elimination of drunkenness. The praye1· liquors. of every thinking American citizen to-day should be- It is well to remember that any modification contemplated America, America, by our colleagues in this circular would not eliminate the boot· God mend thy every flaw, legger, the highjack, or the other sources of organized oppo i· Conserve thy soul in self-control, tion to the eighteenth amendment. The patrons of these tm­ Thy liberty in law. lawful agencies want hard liquor, and your modification pro­ gram does not provide for such, nor will it satisfy those who The membership of the House has received a. letter signed to-day are violating the law and breaking down the Constitu­ by a group of Repre entatives who term themselve the com­ tion of the Nation. There is only one remedy of that condi­ mittee on modification of the Volstead Act-unofficial. It is interesting to note of the 56 signatures to the letter 24 are tion, and that is increased penalties and a more adequate or­ from New York, 5 are from Pennsylvania, 3 fTom New Jersey, ganization for enforcement. 4 from Illinois, and 5 from Wisc{)nsin, and 4 from Maryland. On the question of modification two outstanding examples Out of the 48 State· represented in Congre s three-fourths or as to how it will work are at our very door, as experienced by more are not repre ented in the list of these men seeking the Province of Ontario and government control in the Prov­ modification. There are one or two items in their call for re­ ince of Quebec. cruits that are perhaps worth noticing. For in~ tance, their The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Michigan second paragraph refers to the bulletin of the Federal Council has expired. of Churches, from which they quote the following words: 1\lr. !\!AGEE of New York. I yield one additional minute to the gentleman. Drinking by young people, a s compared with preprohibition times, is 1\Ir. HUDSON. l\Ir. Chairman, one minute will not do me mot·e. any good, and I will have to content myself with the exten-.ion. Ancl- Under my privilege of revision and extension of remark. I The attitude toward law enforcement and respect for law In general here insert a survey I made of these questions during the past is worse. summer. Now, let us see what that bulletin 1·eferred to does state. Desirous of learning the facts concerning the operation of I quote from the re ult of their que tionnaire, which they ay the 4.4 beer law in Ontario ancl the operation of the Gov­ wa sent to 2,700 member of the National Conference of Social ernment control law in Montreal and smuO'gling on the border, that I might report on the~e to the s;uhcornmittee of the Ako­ Work and which yielded a 10 per cent return. 'l'hi data, of conr e, yon realize refe1· to the homes of the great middle llolic Liquor 'rraffic Committee, of which I was chairman in the Sixty-eighth Congre , I invited the following per ;~ on to clal';s of the American people, the bone and inew of our entire accompany me on a trip to Canada to get fir f'!t-hand informa­ national life. Notice the. e results: tion: ·wayne B. 'Vheeler, W. Y. 1Yaltrnan, Sam Fickel, and Furnishing of homes: Ben H. Spence. The folJowing places were vi ited : Sarnis, 203 BPtter------­ 6 r'Ol'est, Parkhill, St. MaryH, Stratford. Kitchener, Galt, Brant­ ~orse------Sanitary and health conditions in homes: ---- ford, Hamilton, Toronto, l\Iontreal. .Beam. Yille, St. Catherines, ~~~P~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~===~======18~ Niagara Falls, " Telland, Dunnville, Sinu:oe, Tillsonbnrg, Port Mentnl health of the horn e : . . Stanley, St. Thomas, London, Blenheim, Chatham, E sex, and l:J2 Windsor. t{~~~-~~~----~~~--~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~=~~~~~:= 2:J In mo t instances, a ) meeting was arranged for ancl pre- Children delinqu ~> n <"y : 81 sided over by . orne local public oflicia l. Both friend.· and op- fn~~~~~a~:gg_ ~~==~===~ ======~~~====~======~~======63 I ponents of prohibition participated in the dh;cmdon, including 1926 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD--HOUSE 3033 \ mayors, magistrates, members of parliament, chiefs of police, beer would contain 88,262 gallons more of absolute alcohol aldermen, and prominent business men of the community. than that which was contained in all the whisky, brandy,· rum, ·THE 0:-lTA.PJO 4.! BEER ACT or gin that was consumed in the Province of Ontario in the ·. The situation in Canada with reference to the power to con­ last year of license. Evidently the government has made a trol alcoholic liquors is very different from that in the United bad guess. The best estimate that we can get is that the States. The Dominion or Federal Government is the residuary revenue will fall short of the government's estimate perhaps of all power, except that which is delegated to the Provinces one-fifth, some say one-tenth per cent, of the amount hoped in the British North America act. In other words, the Domin­ for, because the people are not taking to 4.4 beer for reasons ion Government has all power to deal with the manufacture, hereafter set forth. importation, exportation, and interprovincial transactions in KI~DS OF PERMITS OR LICEXSES ISSUED L'NDE.R THE . TEW BEER LAW IN intoxicating liquors. The Provinces have control only of pro­ OXTARIO vincial transactions, such as sale, keeping, transportation (1) Hotel permits to sell 4.4 with meals anrl to operate beverage within the Province, and, in short, all transactions relating to rooms ; 4.4 can be sold or furnished whenever a regular meal is pur­ intoxicating liquor, which begin and end within the Province chased. itself. (2) Restaurant permits: These peqnits allow the sale of 4.4 beer THE O~TARlO T E MPER.,\KCE ACT with meals, but the purchaser must secure the liquor and drink it at The Ontario temperance act was adopted in 1916. It pro­ a table with meals in tead of standing at the bar. hibited the sale of all intoxicating liquors for beverage pur­ (3) Shop permit: This permit may be granted to the proprietor of poses with the exception of wine made from native-grown a shop or store and the liquor may be sold only in the unopened grapes. Manufacturers of such wines are permitted to sell bottles, casks, or other containers in which the liquor was purchased within the Province in wholesale quantities only. The pro­ by the permit holder for sale. Such liquor may be sold from or vision relating to native wines reads as follows: over any counter or elsewhere in the store or shop. ( 4) Employees : The employees of places where liquors are sold (1) Subject to any regulations or restrictions which the board may must secure a permit to sell nonintoxicating liquors. impo e, manufacturers of native wines, from grapes grown and pro­ (5) Club permit: Liquor may be sold and kept for sale to employ­ duced in Ontario, may sell the same in wholesale quantities only ; ees and bo.qa fide members. It can not be sold on Sundays except to that is to say, in quantities of not less than 5 gallons in each ca k bona fide members with meals in the dining or grill room. or ves el at any one ·time, . and when sold in bottles not less than (6) Brewer's permit to sell: While the provincial government can 1 dozen bott1es of at least 3 half pints each at any one time. not control the manufacture of liquors, it does control permits to sell (2) A manufacturer of native wines who sells such wines other­ these liquors by the brewer within the Province. wise than as permitted by this section or who allows any wine so (7) Brewer's permit to operate brewer's warehouse: A brewer may sold or any part th e r~of to be drunk upon the premises of such secure a permit to dispose of his liquors at a warehouse separate from manufacturer shall be guilty of an offense against this act. the brewery to other pet·mittees or direct to private purchaser. . The definition of liquors was as follows: (8) Permit for nonstandard hotel: Permit fee $10. More restric­ "Liquor" or "liquors," unless otherwise expressed, shall tion are placed around this permit. include alcohol and all fermented, pirituous, and malt liquors ( 9) !. p~rmit to sell liquor on steamship. and combinations of liquor. and drinks and driu.ka.ble liquids (10) Home brew: Any per on desiring to make home brew of any which are intoxicating, and any liquor which contains more alcoholic content may do so by filing notice with a customs officer than 2% per cent of proof spirits shall be conclu ively deemed stating his intention to do o. After filin~ uch notice he can brew to be intoxicating. beer whether the government consents or not. Following the adoption of the Ontario temperance act, and it (11) Native wines: Native wines may be made and distributed all was sustained by the voters in two referendum votes taken to libitum, as above indicated. sustain or repeal it. In 1924 the issue again raised, and by a Nttmbe,- of permits issued twdet· tlli8 system majority of 33,915 the voters went on record in favor of con­ 1. Ho tel permHs------1,500 tinuing the Ontario temperance act. The premier stated that 1,300 if it was sustained by the vote of the people he would ~: ~~~rag:!~;t~e~rnfis======tiOO 4. Brewery warehouse permits------350 strengthen and enforce the act. The majority. in favor of con­ 5. Brewery permits ------28 tinuing the act was not as large as former votes. The premier 6. Clnl> permits------·------1!:!3 believing that the government could better the situation by 1· Steamboat permits------··---- 11 changing the definition of liquor , advocated an amendment of Liquor obtained at any of these places may be taken to tile that definition which makes it read as follows: home ~ and given to the children or guests. "Liquor" or "liquors," unless otherwise expre sed, shall include ali PRESCRIPTIO:-l AXD DRL' GG lST P ERMITS drinks or drinkable liquids which contain more than one-half of 1 per cent by volume at 60° F. of absolute alcohol, and alcohol and all fer­ Liquor obtained at any of the e plac-es may be taken to the ment ed, spirituous, and malt liquors and combination of liquors, and whisky to be filled at a dispensary. dt·inks and drinkable liquids which are intoxicating, and any liquor There is no limit on the orders or pre ·criptions for non­ which contains more than 2lh per cent by volume of 60° F. of absolute beverage purposes. He may issue on a druggist for G ounce::; of alcohol shall be conclusively deemed to be intoxicating. alcohol or for 20 ounces of alcohol for rubbing purpo es. HO.llE-BREW PERMIT S That is what i commonly called 4.4 beer. There is noth­ ing in the law characterizing liquor as 4.4. Any person may :file a notice with the collector of customs that he intends to make home brew and ipso facto he becomes WH.iT THE G O VERX~IF.:XT H OPEI) TO A C CO~fPLlSH BY THE CH..\XGE a brewer on his own account. The strength of the alcoholic The Government evidently hoped to accomplish these pur­ content of home brew is not limited. poses by the enactment of this amendment: In spite of the 4.4 beer now on the market tbe..;e home-brew (1) Additional l'evenue. permits or ~ertificates of notice are increasing. It shows that (2) 'atisfy those who were demanding a stronger alcoholic con­ beer drinkers are not satisfied with 4.4. tent in tbe beverage. At the beginning of each meeting I said that the committee (3) Eliminate the bootlegger. was not official and made a statement a follows: (4 ) '\tean the addict of strong liquor to a milder beverage, to wit, The Sixty-eighth Congress appointed a subcommittee of the alcoholic 4.4 OL' 2.5 per cent alcohol by volume. liquor traffic to conduct a survey throughout the United States of the CAPITAL BEVEXUE conditions relating to the enforcement of the eighteenth amendment. Hearings were held, questionnaires submitted to Federal and State Hon. W. H. Price, provincial treasurer, estimated as reve­ officials, views secured from leaders in our industrial, commercial, nue from the tax upon the new beer the sum of $2,200,000 and financial affairs. for the balance of the fiscal year ending October 31. This The committee made a very thorough report, which was submitted woulsts for drunkenness. coe, where he fo1·merly lived, the proprietor of the best ice­ ·The reports of the meetings follow: cream parlor in town, a Mr. Gettas, aid that he would not SARXIA allow 4.4 to be sold in his place becau ~e it was not de ~ irable Sarnia is a small city opposite Port Huron with a popula­ and would cause him to lose the best part of his trade. The tion of 15.000. On Monday, August 24, we met a small com­ consensus of opinion of tho e present, and part of them were mittPe composed of )Jr. R. tarrett, ~Ir. Conn. supervi or of strongly wet, was to the effect that alcoholic drinkers were not F>cbools, Mr. Finney, wholesale grocer, Mr. R. V. LeSeur, and satisfied with 4.4; that it had not stopped illicit ales; and one or two others who e name we did not secure, at the cham­ some aid that it had increased them. . Reverend Green te tifie use of h·ong antl ]\Jr. Finney both concurred in the stateme.nt by l\lr. LeSuer. liquor:::. Seven notels and one restaurant and tlnee . bop~ They also declared that it was a failure from the tandpoint have permits; also four diRtributing agencie (warehouse.· ) of suppressing illicit sales of liquor. One of the witnesses said sell to individuals and retailer . The chief of police, who is that he knew of a man who had run out of industrial alcohol strongly in favo'\' of the present sy tern, said that home brew a11d in 20 minutes was able to secure a supply of liquor from had trebled since 4.4_ Doctor Monteith, who i a member of a local bootlegger or illicit seller. It was the general opinion Parliament, says that 4.~ has satiRfied to some extent tho. e that home brew was increa lug. 1\Ir. Finney, who is a w~ole- who wanted a stronger alcoholic liquor; that the regulations sale gi·ocer, said that the demand for cream of malt ·used in placed around the (}i<;tribution of 4-.4 were to protect it and making home brew was steadily going up. Under Canadian prevent as far as possible criticiRms from the public as to the law you can report that you are going to make home brew and failure of its distribution. He indicate« that there were ahou.t make it legally up to any alcoholic content. None of the wit- 38 000 permits for home brew on January 1, 1925. in the ne ses knew of a single person who had been weaned from the Pr'ovince. stronger liquors by 4.4. The chief of police thought that bootlegging bad decreaced. F011.JJST He said that om.e persons got illidt alcohol and u. ed it to mix This is a small town of about 1,000 population. we met with 4.4. Mr. William Newman, a labor leader, \Yhu wa. there Mr. H. J. Pettifield, editor of the Free Pres ; Capt. M. present, was strongly oppo ~ ecl to the pre"ent y~tcrn. He . aid Oliver, of the Salvation Army; Mr. 'Valker; and otl1ers. All that borne-brew permits would continue and increa e under the of these persons declared that the sale was decreasing in law because there was more alcohol in the home brew. Be beverage rooms and practically no one was satisfied with it. re ·ented the idea of the Goyernment requiring him to take out This whole county had abolished the saloon by municipal a pre cription to secure liquors for medicinal purposes. He action, excepting Sarnia, and the opening of 4.4 places was in svoke of a trip to England, taking his young daughter with direct opposition to the sentiment and vote of the people. him, and their id~a that father had the right to take a drink They declared that bootlegging exists the same as before, no whenever be wanr:ed it but the children up to 19 hould leave bootlegger being put out of business becau e of 4.4, and that it alone. He said that the stronger liquor was father's medi­ no one had been reformed. It was the judgment of one witness cine. He told of advocating sobrie-ty to labor groups, because that bootlegging had increased. It was indicated that the evils when sober they could win their fights .and when drunk they of the system were more real than obvious; that the bringing always lost them. Alderman Moore, who eli ·tributed liquor, back of beer places. and beer drinking llad a degrading effect f'nid he knew four people who had given up stronger liquors upon the people generally; and that they were beaded in tile and were now· good workmen since they were able to get -! 4. wrong direction under this system. J. M. Smith, inspector of schools, said be did not drink mneh; that 4.4 is good and 2.4 at 5 cents a glass would plea. e more PARKHILL people. Mr_ Newman also stated that home brew had taken At Parkhill we met with Mr. l\IcPhee, operator of general the place of strong liquor in . orne instances but not 4.4. Altler­ store; Mr. W. R. Sibley; Mr. W. H. Bartram, druggist; Mr. man Stewart · wa~ strongly in fa-vor of the Ontario temperance Harrison, ba1·dware dealer ; one doctor; and one of the fi1·m of act in its original form. He insisted that it had not been gh·en White & May, dry-goods dealers_ They were strongly of the a fair chance. Doctor Fisher said he would not try to cure opinion that no one who wanted a stronger beverage than 2.5 any bard liquor drinkers on 4.4. The chief of police thought was satisfied with 4.4; that for a short time after the adoption that 4.4 had deueased the illicit h·ade_ Most of the offic-ials of 4.4 law illicit sale was reduced for a week or two. As oon interviewed at i)lis place were strongly opposed to prohibition as drinkers lelll'ned of its k:ickless quality they went back to and evidently f~ '70r 4.4 as a stepping-stone to secure stronger borne brew or buying from the bootleggers. This is another liqUOl'S. /

1926 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 3035

K:ITCHE~ER you can go to the phone and get any kind of liquor delivered Twenty-five thousand population. Meeting 8 p. m. at the city in 20 minutes, or ·a short time; 4:.4 is not popular. The sales hall. The mayor presided. Nine hotel permits, four restaurant are small because there is little difference between it and 2.5: permit one brewery permit are in force here. Mr. Soully, It does not satisfy those who wanted the stronger liquor. ·repre e~tlng the manufacturers, said the people were not satis­ Frank Cock ·butt, business man, said that it has not satisfied fied with 4.4. Mr. Kennedy said he did not see any change in people; that it had not diminished bootlegging, but has in­ labor conditions as to contentment greater than when 2.4 was creased it ; that it was more difficult to supervise a larger num­ legalized. 1\Ir. Bilgen, of the public-school board, said 4.4 has ber of beer places; that the home life of the people had been not solved the problem. The secretary of the school board bettered under the Ontario temperance act. Home brew was said one man told him he could d1·ink a gallon and not feel at first reduced, then when the alcoholic thirsty tested 4.4, it. Another said, " I do not want it. It is no good." Still home-brew permits increased. lie believes that enforcement another declared that you could get as much of the old liquor will come in time to respond to public sentiment; that economic as before. The secretary said it does not satisfy the people savings are greater under the prohibition and the waste less. but will increase the appetite for alcohol in those who drink Reverend Oke said that 4.4 satisfied no one. He declared it. There are a great many bootleggers, as before. Mr. Bain, the Government broke its pledge in adopting the amendment superintendent of schools, said no one was satisfied with 4.4. for 4.4; that it dissatisfied former liquor addicts and is harder Mis Good, of the woman's council, said 4.4 is not solving or to enforce. Mrs. Schulte, of the Women's Christian Temper­ improving conditions. It will make things worse. ance Union, said that it had arom-;ed the women of the Domin­ The chief difficulty with the Ontario temperance act was that ion against liquor and for the advance of the home as nothing it was not strong enough. It did not prohibit the manufacture else had done in years. and other parts of the trade. Doctor Hansberger, of the insur­ We as women are willing to support any temperance act, but there ance company, said: is danger to children in tampering with any beverage like 4.4 with If 4.4 only satisfied the craving of men for alcohol, there was litt~e alcohol in lt. craving. Alderman Maben agreed with Mr. Coc.k.o;;hutt about the fail­ There were only a few in the beverage rooms even on home­ ure of 4.4. Mr. Shepperson, a manufacturer of refrigerators, coming week. When asked why men wanted whisky when testified as to better industrial conditions under prohib:tion. 4.4 was available, tbey replied, "4.4 is no good." He said the In 1913 they required a statement about applicants drinking. effect on bootlegging was nil. He also said that in eight years Now they have no need for such pledge. Use of refrigerators, of prohibition a group of young people had become sober and a luxury, has increased since 1913, due largely to prohibition. they did not readily take to this beer, and the old drinker was He told of one man who put on $7,000 getting ready for the not satisfied with it. He thinks the government is disap­ sale of 4.4: who declared he had lost it, aud that l\Ir. Ferguson pointed. Mr. Rieder testified that drinkers told him that 4.4 should pay it back. Another $100 spent and it was lost, too. was no good and too dear. Mayor Ausmossen said that 4.4 had Anybody who wouid sell a license to sell 4.4, that -- stuff. not satisfied those who wanted real beer. Second, it has not ought to be put in jail. 1\Ir. Kilmer said 4.4: was a failure. satisfied the whisky addict or weaned him to 4.4. Third, it has l\Ir. Frank, city water commissioner, said 4.4 is a farce and not eliminated bootlegging. They are not as near a solution as satisfies no one. Illlcit selling is not decreased. You can get in 1916. The mayor was strongly opposed to prohibition. anything by telephone: Mr. Tllompson, president of the Great Alderman Pogle ant said 4.4·has not satisfied the people; that War Veterans, said: the Ontario temperance act was a succe s; that he agrees with Hansberger. Doctor Hehit said 4.4 is not eliminated. Four and four-tenths per cent is a dud. It is not a remedy. The Reverend Imrie said as a young man he used to handle it cost is too high. but never used it; that 4.4 has not satisfied the craving for HA.l\IILTO:S drink He gave testimony about th~ benefits of the Ontario The meeting was held in the chamber of commerce. temperance act. He declared that the objective is to bring back l\lr. A. H. Lyle testified that 4.4 has not satisfied the thirst old liquor. Mothers are going to him and askin~ for hPlp where of the alcoholic drinkers. The government has hedgeU. it about liquor is ruining people in the home. He said it made it more with strong regulations as though it were a dangerous drink difficult for men who were trying to sober up and easier for the and yet declares it to be harmless and nonintoxicating. lie bootlegger. Mr. Holman, of the Waterloo Collegiate Board, said the govet:nment declared it would be a great revenue pro· said it had not satisfied the people. Mr. H. Lockhart, of the ducer, it would decrea e bootlegging, and wean tlle drinker Twin Oity Labor Council, said, " 4.4 has not stopped the use from strong liquors to light beer. Instead, 'however, beverage of strong liquor. There is more of it than ever before. It has rooms are practically vacant. It increases the thirst for alco­ not changed the desire for strong drink. It has not eliminated hol. It enhances the business of bootlegging. On July 31 the the bootlegger. Some laborers are satisfied with 4.4." C. L. Hamilton press carried the statement that drunks had increased Morrow said 4.4 is not satisfactory and has not checked boot­ 30 per cent under 4.4; that 10 cases would come up in police legging. Drunken people have increased in numbers since 4.4 court to-morrow. He told about the output of one brewery has been legalized. being largely to bootleggers and that shipments had been GALT trailed from the brewery to the ports and found it going back A city · of 13,000. The Manchester of Canada. Mayor H. A. and sold in Hamilton by bootleggers. He said the advertising Gardiner presided and made an address of welcome. that beer is harmless had a bad effect. The two pre ·s men There are three hotel permits, two club permits, and about present said that it does not satisfy any person with an alco­ 800 home-brewing permits in the town and country surround­ holic thirst. Mr. Patter on, of the Enlow Manufacturing Co., ings. Mr. Brewer, a member of the council, te tified that he said: "You can not drink 4.4 and be as efficient as a work· sold 2.4 but did not take out a permit for 4.4 because there is mnn." (2) That women in foreigners' homes where the hus­ no demand for it. He said there was no body to 4.4. ~rr. bands work at the plant realize that the buying of 4.4 beer ll'o ·ter and members of the press present testified that 4.4 was brings no adequate equivalent for the co t. (3) Women are not meeting the demands, and that it was not a success ; that drinking more. (4) Home brewing is increasing. (5) ~o one the decrease in the sale was because of its kickless quality and gave up bootleg liquor for 4.4. 1\lr. Slater, a manufacturer, the price. Mr. Bachaman, of the hydro commission, says that said there was no middle ground; that we would either be 4.4 has not eliminated the bootlegger, and that violations of law drinkers or abstainers; that the fight woulcl be a real prohi­ have increased; that there is a large increase of arrests for vio­ bition law or its repeal The local Hamilton paper recently lation of the law by persons driving cars while intoxicated. voiced this same sentiment in an editorial as follows: A. R. Goldie said it has not weaned the drinker, who got his [From the Hamilton Herald, Saturday, Angust 22, 192::>] liquor from the bootlegger. l\Ir. Webster, contractor, said it disappointed men who wanted strong liquor. None present MORm " MODERATIO!'i " knew of any alcoholic addict who had been sobered by 4.4. It is clear that the program of the Moderation League does not sat· Tbi,;; town bad 15 years of local-option experience before the isfy the antiprohibitionists of British Columbia. The sale of spirituous adoption of 4.4. • and malt liquors in packages by the Government, with tbe accompani­ BRAXTFORD ment of doctors' prescriptions, is what the league aims for. This sys­ Population, 31,000. Acting Mayor Freeborn presided at the tem they have in British Columbia. Anyone who wants liquor out there meeting in the city hall. l\lr. M. P. R.aymond, member of can get it in bottlt>s at a government store. But an agitation has been Parliament, said it was a political question and that he would not started for the sale of beer by the glass, and it appears that by munici­ like to discu!'ls it, but that 4.4 was not satisfactory. Ex-Mayor pal local option on the question of the retail sale of. beer-beer by the Parker, president of the chamber of commerce, said there was glass. some evidence that intoxication was less and· home condRions There is no such thing-as a -permanent compromise on the liquor o o I f better under the Ontario temperance act. He thinks that the question. As prohibitionists will never be satisfied with anything les.:J Ontario temperance act can not be enforced strictly. He says thlln absolute suppression of the tramc, so will tile majot·ity of those 3036 CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-HOUSE J .ANU .ARY 30 wbo want liquor neTE'r be satisfied with any restrictions which preTent In reporting crime conditions tbe chief set~< forth In his report the them from getting it where, when, anu in the quantities in which they following: v.~ant it. If the Ontario Moderation League's program were put into "It must be fresh in the public mind that many of the cities nntl effect in Ontario it would not be a finality. The agitation would con­ towns of this ProTince lun·e u1l'ered from the depr dations of crimi­ tinue for the sale of beer by the gln s. nals, and Toronto has not bef'n immune from this ort of thing by :Mr. II. T. Yeals, .,aid he called at one home to help quiet a any means, despite the earne. t endeavor of the police department to drunken row anu the man saiU that he diU not want any of preTent It. I am of the opinion that there is altogether too much tllat 4.4. It wa · no good. There was no kick in it. Doctor sentiment with respect to clemency exten£led to CI'iminals after that, Emory saiu that the great danger was that boys and girls were in order to protect the liTe and property of the citizens and make being told that it was a harmless beverage and that they would criminals realize that they must obey the laws of this country, whip­ get the hoped-for real liqnor. It lla · a dangerous, isidious ping be more genera1ly applled in cases of per ons convicted of serious nature, it ·atisfies no one. As the head of an insurance depart­ crimes, particularly those of a vicious nature, or committing a cl'ime ment he reported that they gi\e a lower insurance rate to ab­ under arms.'' stainers, and those who drink 4.4 can not qualify. He said that With reference to the Ontario temperance act the chief re­ it wa · hard to keep minors from getting liquor as the law aid ports: •· Tho. e al)parently under 18." 1\lr. Lyle said 4.4 has aroused Breaches of the Ontario tempernnce act show an increase of 649 the veople as ue\er hefore and the Produce will go back to ca es oYer the pre·>ious year. Enfo1·cement will, however, continue to Rtricter enforcement. Mr. Patterson said no one was sati ned be uifficult ju t as long as the distiller. and brewers are permitted to with it. (2) The urinker was not getting what he expected. manufacture liquor presumably for export, wllich in very many cases ( 3) 'l'here is more bootlegging. ( 4) There are more accidents. nenr goes outside the boundary of the Province. Violators are also Reyerend ~lorrow ~aid 4.4 has not .·ati ·ned the drinker, has becoming more cunning and cautious. The p:>l.ice, however, haTe been JIOt stopped illicit sale but increased it. He had been a resi­ honestly, persistently, and comageously prosecuting offenders, but in clent in Hamilton for 11 years . some cases are hampered by misplaced clemency extended to offenders '.COR ONTO who could be given jail sentences instead of fines, and made to serve :Mr. Bradshaw said they employ 1,400 men. Four and four­ every minute of the sentence. It would have a very salutary effect. tenth~-i has not satisfied tlw e who want stronger liquor. 'l'he imposition of fines in the last a.nalysis is only a license to carry Do<:tor :\loore said he had Yisited 73 beYerage rooms outside on an illegal busine s. Further. I would again emphasize that in order of Toronto. In 42 there \Yere no customers, in 11 one told to greatly a sist in enforcement, alienR convicted of violatinu the pro­ him it would take 100 rears to get back the expense he had Ti ions of the act should be deported after erving their entenc s. incurred in getting ready for the trade. Mr. J. M. MacDonald jo:aill there were few in the be,-erage rooms; that 4.4 was a This does not coYer the period since May, 1925, under the failure and thus was riot weaning alcoholic drinkers to so­ 4.4 law, but the unofficial records ~how that drunkenness called harmleRs beer. Mr. Fleming said he ne\er heard any­ and bootlegging are substantially the same. one . ar anything in its fa,or. The unanimous opinion of THE PRE~IIER thoRe present was that 4.4 had not dec1·ea ed illicit trade ; that The premier, as leader of his party, is responsible for the conditions were wor e, and it was not acceptable to the com- policy of 4.4 beer being adopted as a governmental policy. munity at large. . The attorney general outlined the law in his speech before 'Ye were received cordially by the chief constable, the pre­ the proYincial parliament. Both. the premle1· and the attor­ mier, the attorney general. and the license commissioner. ney general ha\e taken the position publicly that 4.4 has not The chief con. table of the city of Toronto corresponds to bad a fair chance because, neither the wets or the drys have the chief of police in our cities. Under the -Ontario tem­ supported it, and for the further reason that the price of 10 I1erance act each city mat designate an officer to enforce the cents per glass and 20 cents per bottle is greater than neces­ act. and then the fines and penalties are paid into the city sary and has driven the drinker of small income away from or local trea ury. The chief constable of Toronto Is a splen­ it as a cheap, palatable drink. did type of officer, who has been promoted fi·om the ranks LICEXSE COMMISSIONERS after years of service. His record show that he and his force ~!r. Hales, chairman of the board of license comm1 wners, are confronted with many of the same problems that we have gave us the following information regarding the issuing or in . our citie~. The effect of the Ontario temperance act on prescriptions and go,·ernment dispensaries: arrests for drunkenness and disorderly conduct are similar to those in many af our cities. They are as follows: Number Percent- Total Individ- Arrest (01' drunkenness and disorderly coJtdtwt in To1·onto. 11ears physi- age of all prescrip- uaJ 19ll-192.2, inclu.siv~ C)·ans physi-cians tJ·ons a >erage Drunk Disorderly ------+----1·------November, 1924: Male Female Total Male Female Total Nonissuers------719 18.23 ------Issuing 1-25 prescriptions______2,190 55. 54 20, 521 9. 37 Issuing 26-50 prescrlptions______973 24. 68 39, 187 4Q. 27 Issuing 51-75 prescriptions______61 1. 55 3, 229 52. 93 10,722 998 11,717 1,851 69 1,920 1911_ ------Issuing over 75 prescriptions ___ ·------1912_ ------12,686 979 13,665 1,9W 51 1, 991 924 15,116 2,950 70 1913_------14,192 3,020 Total_------3,943 100.00 62,937 15.96 1914_------13,?:17 970 14, :M7 2,658 76 2, 734 1915 __ ------10,624 608 11,232 2,345 84 2,m December, 1924: 1916_------9,147 492 9,639 1,372 63 1,435 Nonissuers______548 13.84 ------1917------~.263 291 (,554 996 22 1,018 Issuing 1-25 prescriptions______1, 605 .tO. 53 .17, 011 10. 59 1918_ ------3, 246 187 3,433 1,083 18 1,101 Issuing 26-50 prescriptions______1, 399 35.33 58,053 4.1. 50 1919 ___ ------3, 703 222 3, 925 1,004 45 1,049 Issuing 51-75 prescriptions______401 10.121 21,946 54.73 1920_ ------5,872 258 6,130 1,017 14 1,031 Issuing over 75 prescriptions______7 . 18 580 82.85 192L ______------_ 4,522 205 4, 727 1,049 35 1,084 1922_ ------3, 760 279 4,059 944 41 985 1923 ______------4,427 274 4, 701 836 46 882 Total __ ------a.ooo 1oo.-oor97.500 -a; 1924_ ------4,289 290 4,579 952 42 994 January, 1925: Nonissuers______699 17.75 ------Ontario temperance act came in force September 18, 1916. Issuing 1-25 prescrl:{ltions______2, 285 58.03 21,387 9. 36 Issuing 26-50 prescriptions______918 23. 31 36,391 39.64 The summary of all offenses is as follows: Issuing 51-75 prescriptions______36 . 91 1, 870 51. 94 75 SU UIA..RY Issuing over prescriptions ______------Total __ --~------3,938 100. oo 1 59, 648 15.14 1923 1924 The number of prescriptions for 6 ounces and 20 ounces of Murder ______------_____ ------_------6 4 alcohol that may be issued to be filled by a druggist is not J\1 urder, attempt______------___ ·---____ ------5 3 1\ I anslaughter ______------______------16 12 limited. MEDICATED wnn:s IN ALCOHOLIC PREPARA.TIOXS Automobile thefts ______------_------1,067 1,414 Bicycle thefts __ ------_------_ 1,317 1,871 Other thefts ______-----___ ------__ ----__ 4,029 3,847 The license commissioner reports the following, which indi­ Burglary ___ ------______-----____ ------___ .------3 5 cates the difficulties they are having with medicated wines: noose and shop breaking_------652 591 Robhery ______------·------48 44 MEDICATED WI;-.~s p iclung pockets ______----_____ • __ ------___ ••• __ • ______--- 6,378 6,602 The legislature in 1924 passed important amendments which eP,­ abled this board, In conjunction with the provincial board of health, Tota1 ____ ------__ --- ~~: ___ ------13,563 13,945 to better deal with evasive prepa.r.ations. In recent rears manufac- 1926 CON GRESSION .AL RECOR.D-HOUSE 3037 turet·s of alleged medicated wines, especially In the Pt·ovlnce of Que­ bootleggers ; that · the evil was in advertising it as innocent bec, where their preparations were ruled as liquor by the Quebec liquor, when it creates the habit for stronger alcoholic liquors liquor commission, have been persistent in invading the Ontario and would result in demanding legislation to legalize such market, and all over this Province, and particularly in the northern liquors in the future. and eastern sections, the e wines have been the cause of much intoxi­ Hugh l\I. Bell, Scotchman and a soldier, comparatively a cation. With the aid of amended s~ction 126, however, this irregu­ young man, said that he was brought up with the view in mind larity has been greatly curtailed and the evasion medicated wine that dl'inking was one of the social amenities; that the saloon busine s is much less flourishing than it had been. was an evil and debauched the community; that its abolition Under the section mentioned, the provincial board of health is quali­ was a good thing, especially the bar. He said, however, no fied, after careful analysis, to certify whether or not a preparation is one has any right to tell anyone else what to do. He had .medicated sufficiently to prevent its use as an alcoholic beverage, and always seen liquor in the home; that lle did not know of any its certifi cate is conclusive evidence thereto in court. An adverse cer­ officers or others who did not have it. The bar will not come tificate has the eff ect of showing that the pt·eparation should be classed back, but those who have money can get liquor. The law as liquor, which ean be sold legally only under the restrictions imposed works in the interests of the rich against the poor. by the act. The following preparations have been certified against under the provision mentioned : NIAGARA, ON'l'ARIO Doctor Comentry's Invalid Port Wine, Doctor Clark's Tonic Wine, :Mr. Cowan, president of the chamber of commerce, pre­ Doctor J. 0. Lambert's Elixit· Tonic Wine, Doctor Winfrey's Tonic, sided. Mr. Cowan is also editor of the local paper. Perfeetion Tonic Wine, Quinquina des Princes, Ransay's Tonic Wine, He said that 4.4 was a profound disappointment to every­ Saint John's Wine. Sanitas Tonic Wine (Yin Sanitas), 303 Invalid Port, body because of not enough kick in it to atisfy the alcoholic Tonic Benedictin, Tonic Porteau, \in Benedictin, Vin Sa.nito, Vin Saint thirst. It was to be used as an entering wedge to further George's, Yin Saint lla.lo, Vin Saint-Mark, Vin St. Michael, Vin Saint weaken or repeal the Ontario temperance act; 4.4 means 7.7 Paul, Yin Tonique Saint-Vivant, Walker's Malt Extract, Wilson's under certain conditions, when the liquor continues to fer­ Invalids' Port Wine, Wilton's Tonic Wine. n:ent. He said that judging by the local arrests and process It is interesting to observe from the 1924 report of the Quebec reports, there was more bootlegging. Most of the bootlegging liquor commission tha t in that Province war is determinedly waged cases were for the sale of whi ky. He thought that many of against evasive preparations posing as medicated wines, a list being the wets were better satisfied with 2.5. It was cheaper and the PL'i ntcd of no less than 4;) uch preparations classed as liquor in the difference in the alcoholic content was not sufficient to justify Province of Quebec, the list including a number which are in the the added expense. He spoke of two hotels at Niagara. Ontario list above. One had spent $1,500 to separate the bar by a gla ·s partition The drug trade in Ontario has been circularized and a list furnished and other requirements under the 4.4 law. The other spent of preparations certified again t, so that druggists are now informed $2,000. He said neither had gotten enough out of it to pay on the subject, and they occasionally inquire of the board when prepa­ for their expenditures. rations with new names arise. There are 10 hotel permits, about 35 restaurant permits, 2 shop permits, and 6 distributing agenc~es at Niagara. MA:SUFACTUBERS' PERMirS He said that whisky and other intoxicating liquors marked The permits issued during the year for use of alcohol and other for exportation from Canada would be cleared for that pur­ UquoL'S for manufacturing purposes, under section 121 of the act, num­ pose, but much of it was diverted back. ber 3!:>1. The commodity most used in manufacturing alcohol, of which Mr. Gay, a manufacturer, said he had not heard anybody the use of 858,187 gallons of standard alcohol 65 overproof was per­ speak favorably of 4.-1; that the employees with whom he mitted. The quantity actually used as reported by permit-holders came in contact report that it is not good. He saw harm in it, during the year was: as it furnished a place for the old drinkers to hang around a "In gallons of standard 65 overproof (or 1G5 proof), 326,692. beverage room. "In proof gallons (or 100 proof), 539,042." Mr. James said there was a restaurant in his building, but All the large users manufacture in bond, the alcohol being taken out he sees practically no one using 4.4; says the men who were of bond and mixed for manufacturing purpo es, or denatured, in the drinking strong liquor before are getting the same kind of pre ence of an officer of the department of customs and excise of the liquor now. He thought it was a subterfuge to increase Dominion of Canada. alcoholic appetites; that none were weaned away from stronger The e officers have far greater powers to supervise and re­ liquors. 'foke permits than do the enforcement officers in the United 1\fr. William Delaney was one of the deputation who waited States. 'l'hey have full discretion to grant or revoke when they on Premier Ferguson opposing 4.4. He said that Mr. Fergu­ belie-re it is for the best interests of the government. son had told them that 4.4 was intended to decrease permits

BEA.~fSliLLE, O;:'o~TARIO. for home brew. On the other hand, it had increased them ; that his employees ay that the Ferguson government has l\lr. Kemp, a member of the provincial parlirunent: He said handed them a gold brick. 4.4 does not satisfy those who want a stronger drink. He One man said he had a case in the cellar and it went sour. thought the sale locally was greater than that of 2.5, largely None were weaned off from the stronger liquor ; bootlegging because of the tourist traffic, which was at least willing to conditions were not changed for the better. They would be try it out once. He said it had not eliminated bootlegging, as worse were it not for the fact that the government in its he put it " decidedly not," but had given the bootlegger a bet­ attempt to make the 4.4 policy a success had increased the ter opportunity. The liquor addict has not been weaned from penalty, making it a jail offense to be a bootlegger. stronger liqnor. He said one regular dl'inket· told him, after buying 4.4 for the first time, that hereafter he would save his WELLAND, O~TARIO dime. Mr. Garner, real-estate owner, said that hard drinkers would There are two distributing agencies of wine, or wineries, not be weaned away from those drinks by 4.4. He was in favor one in Beamsville, the other near by. The wine is sold by the of the Ontario temperance act. Said that the citizens of case, 12 bottles in each case. People are drinking this wine Ontario were responsible for these hard drinkers by permitting locally in large quantities. They bring it to the home and all the sale formerly of strong liquors so that they became liquor may drink it, young and old. l!'our and four-tenths is not sat­ addicts. He said the people of the Province did not vote for isfactory to the community. 4.4; it was forced upon them. Those who favored 4.4 for ST. CA'l'HERIXE, ONTARIO drinking purpo es now advocate more alcohol. The Govern­ ment said in the law that boys must not have it; that it is Population: 22,000. dangerous; yet they advertise it as a harmless drink. He said Permits the Government said you could not drink it standing up, and Five hotels; four restaurants; two clubs; six or more shop permits. placed many other regulations upon it. He said it had not l\Iayor Jacob Smith presided at the meeting. satisfied the drinkers or the people generally; that the Ontario He said 4.4 has not given satisfaction to alcoholic drinkers. government would benefit from it, even if it is getting some These drinkers say that is a disappointment. One brewer revenue. he i·eported as saying that unless a change came soon he would The chief of police, J.Ir. Crabb, said that there were four have to quit. It is not satisfactory to the drys. It has not hotel permits, one re tam·ant, one or two shops, one brewery, stopped bootlegging, but on the other hand increased it. and distributing agency near by. Three drinkers of home brew told the mayor that 4.4 was of Four and four-tenths has not affected bootlegging. If there no use and they would not drink it. is less drinking, it is due to other causes. It has not satisfied Mr. Hetherington, a school-teacher, said his experience of 50 alcoholic drinkers. It is a ghastly failure. It is a stepping. years as a teacher in dealing with youth caused him to reach stone for further weakening of the l~w. It has not decreased the conclusion that no good came from any kind of alcoholic illicit sales. The Ontario temperance act, he said, can be liquors, 4.4 or any other. He said it furnished a cover for enforced. 3038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 ' Old alcoholic drinkers are falling b~ck on home brew, native satisfactory to the drys and was not strong enough for the wine, and bootleggers' supplies. Arrests under 4.4 are not less others. He did not secure a licen e ; there was not enough than former arrests for drunkenness. Hotel keepers are dis­ demand for 4.4. Others said that the permit holders had not appointed. gotten enough out of it to pay for their license fees and added Mr. Gross, the solicitor, said: expenses. It had not affected bootlegging. The drinkers aw The act is leaning too much on law and not enough on the @ospel. no good reason for changing from the stronger liquors, which Four and four-tentlis does not hurt the situll.tion. The less law you were available under home brew and from the wineries, to 4.4. llave, the better. The Ontario temperance act should be modified. T. F. Wright said that some brewers were not sati ·fied because all could not sell 2.5 with practically no regulations. Reverend Bunt agreed with the chief of police that 4.4 is a The present beer is surrounded by many regulations. The failure. output of the breweries is les . He said none were satisfied, Miss Dair said that not one of the hundred women i,n the but when they can get stronger liquor the bootlegger is t11e Women's Christian Temperance Union were satisfied with 4.4. beneficiary. His home is on a line or road to a big boot­ There is some drinking in the homes. It will harm boys and legging joint run by a foreigner. He ees no change in the girls, becau e it will create alcoholic appetites. It is advertised number or character of the people going to this bootleg joint. as harmle s. He said there was a real danger in it to the youth, because it She spoke of the Cincinnati Malt Cream, which was being was advertised as a harmle s drink, and told of an in tance purchased in large quantities to make home brew. Bhe thought where a boy of 17 in a good home was acting strangely and •m the bars were doing less .harm than home drinking. No one questioning admitted he had been carrying 4.4 to some parties was weaned from stronger liquors by 4.4. on a hot day and it had affected him. Mr. McMurry, former hotel keeper, had had experience with lfr. W'lseman thought the time for a complete test was too both side of the question. He said that 4.4 bad not lessened short, but that 4.4 was not sati facto;_·y. He was in Windsor drinking or drunkenne s or crimes and is satisfying no one. It the first days when it was sold; later on the sale~ had is a failure. Young people are drinking it and it will create decreased. He quoted a hotel keeper, where he had stopped, appetites for liquor. It is ea y of access and advertised as saying that bootlegging had inc1·ea ed under 4.4. He also barmle. s. He thinks it i. intoxicating. He said there were just told of a number of excur ionists at Windsor who were drunk as many bootleggers at least, and be thought more of them, after drinking 4.4, or something eh:;e which they put in it. lie than before. said bootlegging had increased. Reverend Forester works among the foreigners in this com­ He told of a boat at Kingsville which got clearance papers munity. He said 4.4 has not helped. He said they have the for Cuba nine times, but had really never gotten there, and in same foreign bootleguer ~ - Some of the foreigners would rather most ·instances had never left the dock. · Part of the liquor drink 4.4. It has not changed the situation 1n the section was evidently bootlegged back into Ontario. known as the foreign section. 1\Ir. E. C. Groves-, member of Parliament, said that he was The chairman thought it would not remain in its present situ­ practically· an abstainer. The Government tried to satisfy the ation, but that it would be more than 4.4 in the future or no moderationists, not the extremists. He thought 4.4 might liquor. Mr. McMurry thought the drinking habit would in· divert some· drinkers from the stronger alcoholic liquors, but crea e. knew of none that had been. He said it had not succeeded, DU. "!\VILLE, OXTARIO becau e ·it did not have the support of anyone; that is, both Population, 3,500. the wets and drys were against it. He aid the dishonest hotel Mayor Camelford p1~e ided. man was cheating, and it was unfair to the honest hotel keeper. He said 4.4 was not satisfactory to old liquor drinkers. No He thought the Dominion tax of 12 cents per gallon hinuered one was weaned away from stronger liquor, bootleggers were the · succe s of the law, becau e of added cost. He thought not stopped, not even 9 per cent beer by home-brew was les­ 4.4 was better than 2.5 unless the added alcohol was so g~·eat sened. Four and four-tenths made it more difficult to enforce as to make more progress. He thought government control the laws. More men were drinking the stronger liquors; 2.5 by local option would have been better ; that home brew had was better than 4.4, taking into account the cost. There was fir t decreased, then later inereased because of the added no difference in arrests or in home-brew drinking. co t and in ufficient alcoholic content of 4.4. He said the hotel There are three hotel permits and two restaurant permits. men hurt 4.4 by the large price they charged and their lack None of the grocers would take out permits because women of support. They did not boost 4.4 or answer the objection of would not send their children to the groceries if they sold beer. the drinkers when they said it was no good. He thought they l\lr. Payne said 4.4 was not satisfactory; bootlegging. was not should have told these men that it was all right and was a stopped; under eight years of prohibition the people have been good drink and that they would be better off using it instead educated against the barroom and drinking. This explained of the stronger liquor. · why in many place. where the law wa enforced the sale wa · ~1r. Richardson, a member of the Lincoln County council, small. They would not drink it, and the old tope1·s did not said 4.4 was not satisfactory to the drinkers nor the drys; like it. The restaurant would not take out permits to furnish that in 1919 there were only two in jail, as liquor was prac­ beer because it alienated the best of their trade. The old tically eliminated, but that the jail was now full. He spoke alcohol drinkers in many places will go in and sit at the tables. of Meridan as being a distributing point to the United St>1 tes. drinking this beer, and these tables are needed to furnish He said bootlegging was on the increa. e. He thought it customers with food. would be n better olution to go back to the law of ix years Colonel Massey, local magistrate, said home-brew permits ago. Home-brew permit , be thought, had increased. haYe increased. It has not stopped bootlegging. The local George A. Muir, chief of police, said he thought 4.4 hared-light with the people. He said no one had given up the stronger crowd on the street. He said those who wanted a refreshing liquors for 4.4. It bas not satisfied the thirst of the alcoholic drink would use it and that many drank it and it did not addict. He did not think that the government thought it affect them. He told of one man who gave him his experience. would do this but it was a step to the moderationists and He said decreased bootlegging was due to the stronger penalty would lead e~entually to the reestablishment of the liquor in the law and not to 4.4. traffic if not checked. He believed it increased bootlegging. Mr. Redeker also testified that he knew of no one who had He did not use prescriptions, but some people were asking doc­ been weaned away from stronger liquor. tors to write prescriptions. You could get 20 ounces of ethyl Mr. Rodd, the chairman, said that none were satisfied with alcohol on prescription and use it to drink, although you could 4.4; bootlegging had not decreased, and that the estimated get it for rubbing purposes without a prescription, if it is amount of revenue from liquor by the Treasurer of the Gov­ made so as to be unfit for beverage purposes. ernment indicated that the government was planning to have Doctor Hicks said that 4.4 was a fraud. Every day abuses the people waste their money for something that did them no of the liquor law are reported in the press. Bootlegging was good. He -said Canada could ill afford to spend money for as bad as ever. Some people a1·e asking for prescriptions. this kind of a beverage. He predicted that the Dominion Par­ Mr. Thomas a manufactmert said 4.4 did not effect the people liament would ask for greater alcoholic content in liquors at in his factory! that all that he knew of were disgusted with it. the next session. He said none had been weaned off from the It leads to a d~sire for more alcohol. You can not monkey with use of stronger liquors. alcohol without being scotched. Mr. Rodd gave me a few of the many clippings from the Mr. Smith, of the fertilizing company, said that it had not local press during the week, which we had spent in Ontario, been satisfactory to the old alcoholic drinkers, had not weaned showing the violations of the law locally. We append these to the alcoholic drinkers to 4.4, and had not decreased bootlegging. this report ; also, a few of the large number of clippings that Mr. Campbell, a manufacturer, said that Doctor Oliver had r.ppeared in other papers in the Province, indicating the extent largely expressed his views of the situation ; that 4.4 was not of law violations under this 4.4 beer system. satisfactory ; that employees were better off without it. For­ merly be had to use checks to prevent drJnking employees from MO~TREAL spending most of their money in the saloon before they pro­ Wednesday, August 26, 1925, was spent at Montreal, having vided for their families. He thought 4.4 was a wedge to weaken left Toronto Tuesday night on the sleeper and arriving in the Ontario temperance act. Montreal on Wednesday morning. Mr. McClesh, of the Erie Savings Branch Bank, has watched Montreal is the site of the provincial government of Quet ec. drinking at the distributing point. Four and four-tenths bas Here are the offices, warehouses, and bottling rooms of the not satisfied, and he says in some places tables and glasses are Quebec Liquor Commission. for sale. It is dangerous because it creates an appetite for It was our purpose to spenu a day and evening in the stronger liquor. city making a first-hand study of Quebec's so-called government Mr. Hall, a boot and shoe merchant, said that drunkenness control of the liquor traffic. After breakfast at the 1\lcunt bad decreased under the Ontario temperance act. Tables were Royal Hotel we made onr way to the court buildings. It was of empty in the 4.4 beverage rooms after the first two weeks. interest to note that the courts were crowded with the same Mr. James, manager of the gas company, said 4.4 had bad no class of complaints as was found in the recorder's court of effect. It was not satisfactory. It would be used to get the bar any city in the States in the days of the licensed barrooms. 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3041 In the first court visited the proceedings were carried on in but_ Government sale, and the testimony seems to be on all the French language of the Province. A newspaper correspond­ hands that more strong liquor was being sold under the Gov­ ent sitting at the press table by our side helped us to interpret ernment sale policy than under the old method ; that it was some of the cases. As I stated· above, they were all typical of given a veneer of respectability to the vender which proved the old day. A father, brought in by the police officer, charged seductive to the young men. Reliable authorities state that with drunkenness, a parent of seven children. A Salvation there were 200 blind pigs in one municipality of the Province. Army officer interfered in his behalf, to whom the court We visited the Liquor Commission's plant and was very turned the prisoner over to see what might be done for him. courteously shown through the building, which was an old A boy, looking as though he was scarcely 17, charged with Federal prison made over for the use of the commission. The soliciting, was fined \Vith costs, and the judge said $5 more if commission has suites of finely appointed and finely equipped you are brought back again. A woman, evidently of the hard­ offices, the chairman of the commission having his own beau­ working class--might have been a cha:rwGman-fined for di·unk­ tiful appointed reception, dining room, and conservatory. enness ; and so the cases went on. Well-equipped dining rooms for the officials and employed We went to another courtroom-Judge Semple. The judge personnel of the commission, as well appointed first-aid hospital remarked that the beer sold was 14 per cent alcohol, and two and nurses in attendance, are maintained. Vast stores of liquor bottles would make you want to climb the mountain. From of all kinds are in warehouses, a bonded warehouse of the there we went to the liquor commission's court, presided over Federal Government being part of the equipment. Great wine by Judge Enright. The cases before the court that day were vats were shown. An extensive bottling plant is operated the violation of Quebec's liquor commission laws; 50 cases. by the commission. The commission also buys other liquors The commission maintains a force of 150 special enforce­ and makes their own blend, putting it out under the label of ment officers, and the complaints for violations of the law, the commission. The last room shown by the guide was the which we would term "bootlegging," averaged 150 complaints show room. There, in beautiful cases, liquors of all kinds in a week all kinds· of bottles were displayed in the most alluring arrange­ The provincial law, under government control, provides for ment. the selling of beer, which we were told ranged all the way from At the Mount Royal Hotel, though both dining rooms and 10 to 14 per cent alcoholic content, in what is known as tav­ coffee shop were well filled, we saw, with exception of a very ern or barrooms, in restaurants and hotels with meals, and few people, no one drinking the brewed liquors with their in grocery shops by case lots, not .to be drunk on the premises. meals, either at dinner or throughout the evening. The per­ Passing from the court we noticed many of these grocery sons so doing were so exceptional as to be readily noticeable. beer shops. One on a prominent corner particularly was no­ We visited the places known as taverns, in which only beer ticeable becau e of the great number of cases of beer piled by the glass can be sold. These taverns were in no wise dif­ on the sidewalk. We entered the shop. The center of it was ferent ·from the saloons of the old days in the United States, filled as was the walk with cases of beer. We looked a1·ound except that the bars were glassed in, as the provincial law on the shelves for groceries. Less than $50 would have provides that there can be no drinking at the bars. These tav­ bought the whole stock at wholesale. We said to the man in erns are furnished with tables, and in the places Yisited we charge, "Grocery business does not look very brisk." He found men sitting at the tables completely intoxicated, sleep­ replied with a grin, " There was not much grocery business in ing in various positions in their chairs or reclining with heads the summer time." In these grocery shops the sale of groceries on the tables. In one place women were at the tables drinking must close at 7 o'clock. They put up beaver-board or wooden with men. In many places a urinal would be placed along screens in front of their small stock of groceries and continue one side of the room. The boisterous, rough, obscene talk, the to sell beer through the evening, so that if a man wants to profanity, the general atmosphere was the atmosphere of the take home a loaf of bread or a can of peas or a pound of coffee old saloon. We noticed a number were constructed as were to his family, he could not purchase it in these grocery shops ; the saloons of other days with a rear exit to the alleys, which but he could take home a case of beer, provided he could carry in view of the fact that they must close at 10 o'clock was it in the case or the bottle. significant. That evening we saw many of these grocery . shops in the We stood at the intersection of two streets at the Windsor lower districts of ilie city. Colored porters were carrying back Hotel when the closing hour came, and the sight was one to dis­ empty bottles and returning to the red-light houses with filled hearten any man who was looking for sobriety as the output of bottles of the beer. Near some of these grocery shops we no­ these so-called taverns. The evidence on all sides was so plain ticed also the government liquor stores where spirituous liquors that it could not be mistaken by anyone that the system was were sold. These stores are owned by the liquor commissio11 an abettor and stimulant to the red-light districts and were and these liquors are sold in the original containers, not to be appalled at the work of the whole system. drank on the premises. We discovered in the first one men The liquor traffic in Quebec, except that in strong liquors were bringing in empty containers and going a way with liquor. sold in liquor stores, is conducted under a license system simi­ Upon inquiry we found that this was wine, which could be lar to that which we had before prohibition. The government purchased in bulk provided the patron brought his container. store provides for the sale of whisky and strong liquors, in­ 'l'he e liquors are wrapped in specially prepared paper with the cluding wine. T:he liquor is sold in packages, not to be con­ watermark of the liquor commission in the paper, and the law sumed on the premises. Only one bottle of whisky or the provides that they must not be unwrapped or drank on the stronger liquors can be purchased by any one person in one premises. We noticed, however, in each liquor store visited day. There is no limit on the amotmt of wine that may be that the commission had conveniently placed large wire bas­ purchased. Licenses are granted for the sale of intoxicating kets, which were filled with the wrappers taken from the bottles liquor to the following classes of persons : by the patrons and tht·own into these wire containers before 1. Any per on licensed in charge of a tavern may sell beer the bottles were placed in their hip pockets, or in many cases by the glass. . small grips or hand bags. In the large liquor store near the 2. Banquet licenses for beer and wine are granted. l\fount Royal, which was visited about 5.30 that afternoon, there 3. Groceries are licensed to sell beer upon order given at were five or six bartenders waiting on trade. It was easy to the store or by telephone on condition that no quantity less distinguish the transients from the regular Montreal patrons than one bottle be sold and the beer not consumed at the of the store. Groups of young m~n could be seen consulting store. the price lists, conveniently placed on the walls, and after pool­ 4. Cafe and restaurant licenses are granted. ing their money one would go up and purchase the liquor. 5. Club licenses. Sometimes two. 6. Licenses to sell during meals at dining rooms of any estab­ The law of the commission provides that only one bottle is lishments recognized by the commissioners as serving meals. sold at a time to a patron, but there is no provision forbidding 7. Licenses for the sale of liquor on steamboats and railway the patron retuTning and purchasing a bottle as many times a trains. day as he is able and has the money. As a matter of fact, we 8. Brewers are licensed to make and sell beer to persons hold­ did see, though, in more than one liquor store, patrons come in ing Government permits. Each brewer pays a $5,000 license with bottles of liquor and purchase more, and it is within the fee and 5 per cent on the sales. provisions of the law for a patron at one and the same time The present system is the outgrowth of brewery activity to purchase a bottle of so-called hard liquor and also a larger which started in 19-. At that time 92 per cent of the Province bottle of high-spirited wine. One can, through the mail, order of Quebec was dry. It looked as though the Province would go a bottle from 10 to 40 ounces, the usual size being 26 ounces. dry. The opposition started a campaign for Government con­ In the citizens interviewed-lawyers, merchants, and general trol for the sale of 2.5 per cent beer. They won out in the professional men-we found many expressing this opinion: contest, but no sooner was 2.5 per cent beer legalized than 'rhat Government conh·ol does not mean 9-overnment con~ol they renewed theil· efforts with increased financial resources to 3042 CONGRESSIOXAL .RECORD~_ HDUSE JAN"UARY 30

secure the sale of beer of orilinary alcoholic strength. Step The of tbe· 4tlliJtoo we1·e ~ Without "foOd for two dnys. hy step this has in('rea.. ecl until to-day one can purchase any The unfortunate vesser is titl foundering in mid-ocean, a tofal amonnt of beer, wine, whisky, gin, brandy, or any other kind lo . and a posSible U311ger to navigation. of liquor one desire in any quantity whate'"er. E'"en at the M1·. Chairman, I 11ow ask tbat in my: time the Clerk may r ad Government-control . tore , which indicate that the purchaser a brief description o:f fbi :re;;cue, whfch ·I eild to-the de~k. can bui only one bottle, he i not prevented from buying a The CHAIRMA'X. Without objection, tt1e· Clerk will read. bottle at every tore in the city or in the Province if he can The Clerk read as follow : · - reacl1 it in one day. A a common practice men go into the [From the New York American, Jacuary 30, 1920] · ..,arne stores several tim a day and the bartender will not rec~w:nize tbem a.., former purcha er . AMEBIC.! PROUD OF HER SEA RF.DOES The ta1ern is the ame as the olllow s~.>amen in distres . ·_ drunkards and excessiYe drinkers is violated ju..1t as it was Only a little while ago Capt. Paul Grening, of the President Hardi119, in the United Stat under the license system. eltdrilied the world by aving a cr whlcll bad despaired of rescue. The mail-order dep rtment of the liquor commission ells ·Tben Captain Fish. of the A 1mcan Trader, duplicate(} the h£'t·oism of liquor by mail to anyone in the (lrj municipalities. and gov­ Gr Ding and hU! men, and now Capt. Georg" Fried, of the t"nitPd States ernment liquor shops are tabfuhed in dry municipalitie · Jiner Pre8id nt .RoOllet·elt, performs the admitted miracle of nll ea where they h ve not actually voted against the sale of liquor. history, ' In uch a municipality when a prot t is filed, the protestants Amid the hltttl' rivalries of the world, amid the clashing of materilll are told that they are too late. There is no provisjon for a int!'re, t , ho fine it · · to picture thi dt·ama of the deep--the wild vote in the Canadian Government control law. Liquor shops tempest of the .Atlantic, raging four dass and nights with nnabating are started in this dry ter1·itory contrary to the protests of fruy. "All thl time the belpless ere of the Bl'iti h freighter Anttnoe­ the churches, town councils, and other repre. entath-es of the !?5 of them-prnyed and froze and hoped nd despaired. .And all tbls municipalities. Liquor shops are started without notice being time, four day and night in the inde ~cribaule cMo~ of the wild sea, given to the people in these dry towns, and the -government thi · gallant American liner tood by to sare that crew! recently emphasized its refusal to in. ert a provision to 1-eqnire Anrl the American aYed that crew-every one of the 25-and now notice of such publication and to give the people a chance to they ride back to England on the gallant Roosnelt. show that the majority did not want liquor old. There i a peculiar fitnes in this re Clle us thi. boat, which bears The government is frankly in the liqnor busine..., and is· the name of an American danntle. ~ in his day as wa tbi crew. pushing the trade vigorously, although the whole ~stem is It; c -two American live to snatch the ~£> help1es. men from tha supposed to promote temperance. The illu:'trated liquor-nd­ devouring storm, and these two and their .,urvivors of the lifeboats vei·tising pamphlets are drawn in the most enticing way. They were as br~f -e as any. men who ver served on any hip in peace or war! make the mouth of an old alcolwlic water and tempt even These gallantrie of uie deep fill us with the greatt>. t pride ; they the youth. I'ttmind n that we are a hard. rnee, a seafar1ng race tllnt bas written By sending liquor by mail into dry municipalities they ar-e imperi haole history on the wave~. · underm.ining the dry tenitory and only about half of the Th<'re is only <>ne thing about tbe e epics of the a which we wou.lu Pro inoo is now nuder local prohibition. One of the strange change-. We -wonld print tbe name of ·1n the heroes--captnins and inconsistencie of the Government-control ystem is the lil!lits ommon ('amen as well- all who went forth in the li!eboats; but the to which tbey go in pu~hing the ale of liquor while the health n11mf.s -of tlie crew have not been given. department advises in its bulletins that- · What a· wondPrful thing i the 8ea; what a page of ever-changing, • If you want to grow up healthy and trong anll avoiu diseas~. ab ·u re-r-c a ing interest in the book of llfe. and what a wonderful thing atain from alcoholic liquors. to feel that tbe three great thoroughbred mis ions of the ocean in the~:;e later da. s haYe been performed under 010 Glory! Consistency is no part of the government-control plan. All through the fom wiJd days and nights when Captain l''ried and Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Cllairmanr I yield 10 minutes hi g-allant mt'n waited, watcbina to catch d~ath unawares, the whole to the gentleman from Connecticut [i\Ir. Tusos]. world, through the marvel of tbe radio, Ylewed the clas ic combat Mr. TILSOX MI·. Chairman, for all time since men have een American intrepidity and nature's anger. gone down to the sea i11 ships there ha. been a peculiar awe And now the whole. or~d take off \ts h:lr a our flag go on to attaching to the perils of the deep and to rescue at sea. outhampton to be saluted by the guns and che r :md h arts of Durinoo tbe pre ent week this ha been brought home to n by Europe! a mo~t thrilling incident in the North Atlantic. The United States liner President Roo e-r:elf re- cued the : lir. TILSO~. And, Mr. Chairman, I beliHe the member­ captn.in and entire crew of 24- men from the British freighter ship

. ning, January 27; the captain and 12 remainin member of Mr. TIU'O~ y. Ye . th cr·ew were re cued hortly after midnight Wedne.. day. Mr. LAZARO. Last year I went to Europe ·on the P1·esident Two petty offic r of the Pre ident Rowe-ceU wt>re lo"t in Roo elt. On thi ship there were Americ311S and foreigners one attempt at re ne. They were Erne t Heitman and 'Cno who had tra'"eled on many hips and all over the world. It 'Vitanan. The boat in which they were attempting re cue was was their ju~t, and they said so openly, that Captain capsized. Others in the boat were saved, but the raging sea Fried and the offiee1· and men under him were the mo t swallowed these two forever. courteous and efficient men they had e-ve1· traveled with. The President Roose1Hflt received the S 0 S call from the [.Applau.·e.] Antinoe Sunday morning and reached tbe side of the fol!nd~ing Mr. S'CMMERS of 'Vasllington. l\Ir. Chairman, I wonder ve. sel about noon. if the gentleman could not procm·e the nnmes of the men who Six boats were lowered in the attempts at rescue. Only two manned the lifeboats and in ·ert them in order that they might of them were able to reach the side of the ill-fated vessel. have a little of the honor that we would bestow upon the The re cues were made in a lull in the storm of snow rain, officer ~ and men? and driving wind. Mr. TILSO~. I . haU be- very glad to do that, but up to George Fried, of New York, the cnptain of the President the· present time I have been unable to get the names of Rooset•eU, directed the rescue work. Chief Officer Robert the entire crew. Miller and Fourth Officer Frank Upton were in command of Mr. S'C'MMERS of Washington. But they could be ob- the volunteer crew that made the rescues. tamed, of (·ourse. Maritime experts say thi was the first time in peace times Mr. TILSOX. I hope so, and, if so, I shall be glad to in- that so many lifeboats have been lowered in rescue work, ert them with my remarks. indicating the violence of the hurricane. Mr. LAGUARDIA. May I say thnt Captain Fried is a nati've The President Roosevel-t is operated by the United States New Yorl{e1·, and we are proud of him. Line under the control of the United States Shipping Board. Mr. ELLIS. · Who is the author of the article which the The newspapers of England are overwhelming in their praise gentleman has read? of the heroic rescue. King George has sent a me~sage of thanks Mr. TILSON. The article just read i an editorial from and praise of the heroie work of the officer and crew of the the New York American of this morning. Pre.si-dent RoosevcU to Pre ident Coolidge, which has been duly The gentleman from Wa.;;hlngton [Mr. SUMMERs] a ked me •knowledged by the President. to ill._ert in the Rm01m the name: of other members of the 1926 CONGnESSION AL R.ECORD-HOUSE 3043 crew of th President Roosevelt. The Shipping Board has fur­ The work of establishing public buildings, especially post­ nished me with a crew list, from which I have copied the office buildings, is a legislative function, made so by the Con­ name of the member. of the crew in the detk department, stitution. By this bill Congre8 ·urrenders its legislative func­ engine department, and medical department, and under the tion and turns it all over to an executive department, the leave granted to extend my remark here insert them as Secretary of the Treasury, except that he shall act jointly with follows: another executive officer, the Po tmaster General, in the selec­ tion of to\Yns ancl cities in which buildings are to be constructed Deck department: Robert Miller, ~fagnus Erick on, Thomas Sloane, Gus Gallo, 'Cno Witanan, Morris J acobowitz, Otto Weadue, John and the sel~tion of sites therein. Congress bas always in e~ery pub1ic buildings bill specifically provided by legislation Pennieke, Uan Peter~on, Ernest Heitman, Alfred Well, Raselle Saganly, John Saulit, Rudolph Pettt·it, Joseph Jackson, Johannes for the places where public buildings were to be constructed and Bauer, , am Fisher, Peter Kuyters, Alex Fugl'lsang, Herman Riedel, the maximum amount which could be expended in constructing the e buildings at each place designated. The last such bill James Kippu, Carl Peh1, Olaf Zel1, Cosmo F"romelich, Herman Popekes, was approveu March 3, 1913, carrying an authorization for H enry Allen, Kirby Pfeiffer, Alex Grechavicke, Allen Page, Richard an appropriation of about $40,000,000. · Prior to that time Ilolbert, lfranz :llarten . John Cunningham, Oswald Lange, Jack Lan­ about every two years Congress appropriated approximately caster , Charles Ilanselick, William Revelle, Hugh McMillan, and $40,000,000, or $20,000,000 a year, for such purposes. Eugene :Monahan. In January, 1917, a short time before we entered the World Engine department: John Turner, James Ganly, James O'Toole, ,,var, the Hou··e passed an omnibu pubHc building bill .Jmilar Joseph Bluzeu, Bernard Duffy, William Justis, Joseph Green, Jesse in character to those before authorizing an appropriation of Jetter, F. Albert Fredrg, George McGary, Richard Wayers, Peter about ~62,000,000, but Congress adjourned soon after on the Bauinities, John McCarthy, Edward Malley, Alfred Keenan, Otto 4th of March before it could be considered by the Senate. A Wi1ke, Thomas Dooley, Harry Schminke, John Miller, Gustav Beng­ similar bill wa reported by the Committee on Public Buildings ston, Robert Grimer, Robert Farrell, Frank Hayes, Alex Coffey, Richard and Grounds of the House in February, 1919, just after the war Williams, Helge Lundwall, Thomas Francis, Frank Roberts, Kai Han­ ended, but it was not considered by the House before adjourn­ sen,· Gustav Araneda, William McCreighton, Charles Espiseta, John ment on the 4th of March. These bills made provision for EIB.hn, W"ilbur Guerton, August Klappert, Patrick Higgins, Lee Jetel, buildings in all parts of the country. Athens, Ala., in my dis­ Adolphe Albert, Charles Diaz, Edward F4genstedt, John Delaney, trict was included in both of these bills at my request. During James Lawson, Robert Hebrant, Jose Galan, Henry Diemers, Frank the short e~sion of the last Congre ~ s, a hort time before ad­ Adams, WUliam Cream, Dewise Caldwell, Harry Landy, Otto Brecht, journment, the Hou e passed a similar bill to the one now on Frank Hamel, William Brecht, and John Mal'ine. the calendar under suspension of the rules and without an op­ :Medicnl department: Gilbert Bolldorf, F. O'Donnell Devins, Donald portunity for amendments, but it was not acted upon by the William· , Wi1liam Tell, Wilson C. Beers, Kenneth Upton, Nelson Senate. I oppo. ed that bill as a member of the committee and mith, and Arthur IIanson. would have voted against it had I been present, but I was un­ Mr. BUCHA.. JAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 30 minutes to the avoidably absent and had been granted a leave of absence. I gentleman from Alabama [Mr. ALMON]. trust that each Member of the House will read the minority Mr. ALMON. Mr. Cbah·man and gentlemen of the committee, report, which sets forth many of the objectionable features of one of my good friends and colleagues on the Republican side this bill. a moment ago asl{ed me if I were going to speak about Muscle The Government is paying $1,000,000 as rental for buildings Shoals. I want to convince some of my doubting friends that in the District of Columbia, and it may be that $50,000,000 I can really make a talk without mentioning Muscle Shoals, should be spent during the next six years for Government which I intend to do to-day. [Applause.] buildings in the District for various departments of the Gov­ Mr. Chairman, this great Government of ours, the richest on ernment, and if this be true, then there should be at least earth, is a tenant Government. It is to-day paying out $150,000,000 spent in the States, which would be $25,000,000 $24,000,000 rents for buildings in which to conduct the Gov­ per year for the next six years, and about what was spent prior ernment's busine ·s. I am one of those who believe that the to 1913, and that would not be sufficient to. meet the needs. We Government ought to own its buildings in which to conduct can well afford to do this and at the same time reduce taxation. the people's bu ine s. I would like to see all of the Federal When our Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds met officers and employee- of the Government occupying Government­ and organized at the beginning of this session of Congre s I owned buildings, where the business is of great importance. insisted that we proceed to prepare and report an omnibus pub­ Such buildings would inculcate in the people of the different lic buildings bill and designate the places and amounts to be sections of the country a spirit of patriotic pride, which could spent, as has always been done. I was supported in this by a not be measured in dollars and cents. All private business is number of the members of the committee, but the majority of conducted in buildings owned by individuals and corporations. the members favored a lump-sum authorization, as has been \Vhy not the Government, where there is any great amount of provided in the bill which was reported by the committee. business? A number of us then sought to amend the bill so as to re­ Many people seem to think that their Congre sman can intro­ move some of the objectionable features as far as possible in duce a bill providing for a post-office building at-a designated the event it should be enacted into law. One of these amend­ place in his district and have it pa sed. It is natural that they ments provided that the $100,000,000 for the States and Ter­ should have this impression, as most of the laws are enacted in ritories should be apportioned among the States and Terri­ .that way. However, this has never been done and can not be tories according to population as shown by the last Federal done at thi time. It is true that we all introduce such bills, census. Such an amendment would have apportioned this and about 950 have been introduced in the House at this ses­ amount among the States and Territories as follows: sion, but we know that such bills will not be considered or re­ ported unle s the committee decides to report a bill, and when Name Population Amount this i. done only one bill is reported in which is included all the places in the various congressional districts agreed on, desig­ Alabama ______2,348,174 $2,223,000 nating the places and amounts to be appropriated for each. Arl zona_ .• ______• __ • ___ .---. __ .... __ .--.. -----.-.•. 334,162 316,00Q Such a bill is called an omnibus public buildings bill. The last Arkansas__._. _____ ---__ • ______• ______• ___ •••.• ___ ••• I. 752,204 I. 659,000 such bill enacted by Congress was approved March 3, 1913. California. __ •• __ ._---_---__ ------_ ••• _••• -----_.--.---­ 3,426,861 3, 245,000 Colorado .. _.. _.. --.---•• --.--.•. ------.------939,629 889,000 That was before I became a Member of this House. No Mem­ Connecticut ______• ___ • _____ .•• ___ • _____ ._. __ • __. ___ .. _. 1,380,631 1,307, ()()() ber of Congress has secured a post-office building for his district Delaware. __ •• ----- __ . ___ .------___ _ 223,003 211. ()()() Florida ______• ______.--.------.-.--•• -•••• -. 968,470 917,000 sinre I have been a Member. · Georgia ••• __ ...... ___ -----___ • ______.. ______• __ _ 2, 895,832 2, 743, ()()() I have asked for this time in order to discuss the public 431,866 408,000 6, 485,280 6,144,000 buildings bill which has been reported by the Committee on ~~iS:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Indiana. __ •• ______• ______. __ ---.. __ _ Public Buildings and Grounds, of which I am a member. It 2, 930,390 ~ 775, ()()() Iowa .. _. __ ••• _--- ______.------.------.-.- 2,404, 021 2,276,()(Y.) may be that this bill will be considered under a motion to sus­ Kansas ______--- ___ . ___ ... ______. __ . __ . ______1, 769,257 1, 675,000 kentucky ______.------. ______.-----. ______• __ ---- 2, 298, ()()() pend the rules, and if so, there will be no opportunity to offer Louisiana. ___ . ______• ___ -----______• _____ • ___ ._ 2,416, 630 amendments to it and only a very few minutes to discuss it. 1, 798,509 1, 703,000 Maine ... ___ ------.------768,014 727,000 I hope it will not be considered in that way, but that it will be Maryland. .• _. ______• ______• ______1,449, 661 1,373.000 permitted to come up in the regular order and full opportunity Massachusetts .. _. __ • ______• ______...... __ . ------3,852,356 3,648,000 be given for debate and amendments. I do not think a bill Michigan_ .. __ --- __ ------___ . ______.------. 3,668,412 3,•175,000 Minnesota. _------2,387,125 2,260, 000 of such importance should be considered by the House in any 1, 790,618 1,696,000 other way, especially this one, for it proposes a radical de­ ~~~-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3,404,055 3, 223, 000 1\fontana.. ______• _. _••. ___ •. __ •• _. _••.• _. _•• ______548.889 519,000 parture from all precedents on the subject and establishes a Nebraska._------.•• ______------1,200,372 1, 228,000 very bad precedent. Nevada. ______·-______• ______--·---· ______77,407 73,000 LXVII-192 3044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOLJSE J A:NU ...lR.Y 30 Grounds calling for appl·opria tions amounting to about $250,- Name Population Amount 000,000. As I hnve stated above, about $20,000,000 a year was appropriated by Congress for this purpose up to 1913, and New Hampshire. __ ------·------__ 443,083 $419,000 $20,000,000 a year since that time would amount to $250,000,000. New Jersey ___ ------3,155, 000 2, 990,000 Considering the increase in population and bm:iness of the New lYiexico. _------· ------360,350 340,000 Post Office Department, I think Congress, after waiting 13 1\ew York ___ ------~------10,385,227 9,8il,OOO North Carolina. __ ------2, 559,123 2,423,000 years, could well afford to authorize the appropriation of North Dakota ______------646,872 612,000 $250,000,000 to be expended during the next six or seven years. 0 hlo . ______------. 5, 759,394 5,457,000 It is true that more re;nt is paid for post-office buildings in the Oklahoma. ___ .------2,028, 283 1, 920,000 Oregon ______-__ ----.-----.------.-- 783,389 742,000 larger cities than in the small ones ; still there is just as great Pennsylvania. ______---- 8, 720,017 8, 262,000 a demand and necessity for such buildings in the small citi<'s Rhode Island._------· __ ------604,397 572,000 South Carolina______----______------.--- 1,683, 724 1, 594,000 as in the large ones, and the patrons in the Rmall cities have as South Dakota ______------_ 636,547 602,000 much right to have post-office buildi11gs erected by the Govern­ Tennessee ____ . ______.. ------2,337,885 2, 214,000 ment as those in the larger cities. I do not think that the Texas ______----.------4, 663,228 4,418,000 Utah ____ _• ______•• ___ •• __ • ___ • ______• __ _ 449,396 425,000 money authorized for the post-office buildings in thi. bill should Yermont. ______----__ ------352,428 332,000 all be spent in the large cities where the greatest amount of Virginia ______• ______------.------2,309,187 2,186,000 rent could be saved. But if this bill is not amended, a: I have 1\r asbington ___ ----.------· --- 1,356, 621 1,285,000 1,463, 701 1.386,000 suggested, we have no assurance that thi will not be done. 2,632,067 2,492,000 This is not and should not tie a partisan question. No Repub­ "'yoming~?:~~~~======______-----___ . __ -- _------.------194,402 183,000 lican or Democratic admini 'tration has ever so regarded it, but 55,036 52,000 tlaS:.~~c:::::::-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 225,912 242,000 both majority and minority :Members of Congress have always 1------1------been given a voice in determining how and where such appro­ TotaL------100, 000,000 priations should be expended. They have both regarded it as a legislative and not an executive function of the Government, This amendment was defeated and then an amendment was and neither party ha · eyer enacted such legislation ~ is pro­ offered 1·equiring that at least one-half of the $100,000,000 vided in this bill. I did not favor such a bill as this when my should be spent in the various States according to popula­ party was in power, and I would not if we were in power tion and that was defeated, although by a very narrow mar­ to-day, for it is not right in principle, un-American and repug­ gin.' An amendment was then offered requiring at least nant to our republican form of Government, and if enacted into $200,000 be spent in each of the States, and that was also law it will not meet with the approval of the American people, defeated. who believe in equal rights and a square deal. [A11plause.] An effort was made by some of us to have the Secretary This money is paid into the Treasury of the United States by of the Treasury and the Postmaster General to appear before the people of the various States, and they are entitled to some our committee and advi e us as to what their policy would be guaranty that they will receive their just proportion of the in the administration of this bill if it should become a law. same. But they did not appear, neither did they send anyone author­ The Secretary of the Treasury can spend the $100,000,000 au­ ized to speak for them as to what their policy would be. thorized in thls bill wherever he pleases after the Postmaster I do not believe that the expenditure of so large an amount General agrees with him as to the places and ites. There may of money should be placed in the hands of any one man or any be several Secretaries of the Treasury and Po tmaster Generals two men without some limitations and directions. [Applause.] during the next seven years. They are not elected by the peo­ The House should recommit this bill to the Committee on ple, simply hold office at the pleasure of the President, and are Public Buildings and Grounds with instructions to report a responsible to no one but him. Such a large amount of money public buildings bill. It would require the committee but a should not be placed in the hands of any one man or hi sub­ short time to prepare such a bill. No one 1\lember can pre­ ordinates to be spent without limitation or direction. A mem­ pare such a bill making provision for every section of the ber of the President's Cabinet is human like the balance of us. country but it could be done by the committee. It has been He is a creature of environment and political influences, done f1:equently heretofore. The last bill of this kind was whether he be a Democrat or Republican. enacted March 3, 1913, and was prepared by a committee I believe that the 435 Members of the Bouse and the 96 composed of Democrats and Republicans, and was so satis­ Senators know more about where thes:e buildings ~honld be factory that only one Member spoke against it, and less than erected than two Cabinet officers or their subordinates. This 50 votes were cast against it. I was not a Member of the bill is wrong in principle and sets a very bad and dangerous House at that time, but I have examined the record. But the precedent Every section of the country has been given equal chairman of the committee, the gentleman ft·om Indiana [llr. rights under former bills which were made up by Republican ELLIOTT] will no doubt tell you that such a bill would not be and Democratic members of the committee and upported by approved by the President. About the only expression that I both sides of the House. Such bills pa ~·sed practically unani­ recall from the President on this subject is that in the be­ mously during both Republican and Democratic administra­ ginning of the Sixty-eighth Congress he recommended an ap­ tions. propriation of $50.000,000 for the District of Columbia. If this bill should become a law you will find trainloads of It soon developed that such a measure could not be passed your constituents coming to Washington to appear before these without provision being made for buildings in the States. two bureaus in Washington, begging for appropl1ations for Then later on and near the end of the session a bill similar to their respective towns or cities, which they may not secure. the one now on the calendar of the House was passed as here­ ·we should relieve them of this burden by designating the tofore stated, but did not pass the Senate. At the beginning places and amounts to be expended, as has been done always of this session the Pn•sident again recommended that $50,- heretofore by Congress. I am not prepared to believe that any 000,000 be appropriated for tile District of Columbia and stated fair-minded Member of this Bouse, after careful study of this that no general buildings bill had been enacted since before the question, can come to any other conclusion but that the provi­ war, and that this matter mpsf necessarily come up for con­ sions of this bill are wrong and un-American, and will not meet sideration. He expressed a preference for a lump-sum appro­ with the apvroval of the country. priation rather than a bill designating the sites and amounts I denounce as indefensible any effort to undertake to pass a to be expended on each, but he did not say that he would not bill such as has been reported by the committee under sus­ approve such a bill if it should be passed by Congress. pen ·ion of the rules or under a rule which prohibits the offer­ .Many President , both Democratic and Republican, ·have ap­ ing of amendments, especially where there is so murh OP110si­ proved such bills heretofore and at times when the~·e was not tion manifested. [Applause.] I dare say there is not a Mem­ so great a demand and necessity for such buildings, and when ber of this Honse who would -rote for an appropriation of the Government was not paying such enormous rents for build­ $100,000,000 as national aid to roads and place it all in the ings. as at present. While the President did say that he would hands of the .commissioner of agriculture to spend where he approye a bill similar to the one which passed the House at the plea ed. During the last 10 years there has been ap11ropriaterl la:::t ~ession: he did not say that be would not approve such a about $75,000,000 a year for roads and spent by the Secretary bill if it was amended so as to apportion the amount P.mong the of Agliculture, but not without limitations and directions. States according to population or postal receipts. Before making these appropriations we provided by law that Our distinguished chairman may tell you that such a bill the Secretary of Agriculture should spend it in the following could not be administered. However, it has heen done very manner: One-third in the ratio which the area of each State suti2factorily in the matter of Federal appropriation for roads, be:.n·s to the total area of all the States. One-third according as I shall refer to later on. . . to the ratio that the population of each State bears to the About 950 bills have been.introd.uQed at-thi::: session of Con­ total population of all the States, according to the last Federal gress and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and census ; and one-third according to the ratio which the mileage /

1926 CONGRESSIO~AL RECOR.D-HOUSE 3045 represented by the rural-delivery and star routes in each Mr. LARSE....~. Will the gentleman yield? State bears to the total mileage of rural-delivery and star Mr. ALMON. Yes. routes in all the States. Under this plan the administration of Mr. LARSEN. Do you think the monumental feature would the law has been satisfactory to the American people. While be eliminated if it were turned over to a bureau to administer? there has been some talk about the reduction of this appro­ Mr. ALMON. We can prevent that by legislation and direct priation for road , I trust there will not be a reduction. Tbere the kind of buildings desired. I am in favor of good, ne.at, f:hould be an increa e, if possible, until we shall have con­ substantial buildings that will serve the purpose for which structed all of the roads which ha-ve been designated by the they are intended and of a character that would be approved State highway commissions of the various States in accordance by the people in the cities in which they are erected. with the act of Congress passed a few years ago. This bill giyes no assurance whatever that buildings will be Some onP. bas referred to the lump-sum appropriations which constructed on any of the sites which have heretofore been we ha-ve been making in recent years for ri-vers and harbors purchased and paid for. They are given no preference, so if as analogous to the lump sum authorized in this bill. There is yon pave such a site in your district do not be deceived in no analogy. I favor and have voted for such appropriations, thinking that it will be giV"en any additional rights under this but in doing so we all know that the Chief of Engineers can bill, for it will not. not allocate and spend any part of that appropriation except This bill is but another effort at centralization of increased on projects which have been ordered surveyed and appro-ved powers in the bureaus in Washington and the establishment of by Congre s ; also the approval of the district, division, Chief bureaucratic government, to which I am very strongly op­ of Engineer", and the Board of Ehgineer"' for Rivers and Har­ po ed. [Applause.] bor , composed of even di tinguished engineers who are not ::\Iy friends and colleagues, I have perhaps taken more time elected by the people, but hold office until they reach the age than I should. If so, it was due to the fact that I feel so of retirement. Xeither do we make lump-sum appropriations keenly that this bill is not only unprecedented but so unfair in any of the other departments without placing some limita­ and iniquitous that I felt constrained to express my views on tions and directions as to how and where the arne shall be the subject I feel that I would be an unworthy Representative expended. So this bill undertakes to establish an entirely new of the great and good people who sent me here if I had not and dangerous precedent. done so. [Applau e.] The fact that the Secretary of the Treasury will have to Mr. BUCHAXAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the ask Congress to appropriate money from time to time to carry gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. KVALE]. on the building program that he may inaugurate if this bill Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chail·man, I promised some is enacted does not in any way remove the objections which I time ago before this bill came up in the House I would yield the have made. This method is pursued in all lump-sum appro~ gentleman some time, and, in accordance with that agreement, I priations. The same was done in carrying out the provisions yield the gentleman an additional 10 minutes. of the omnibus public building bills to which I have heretofore Mr. KVALE. ~Ir. Chairman, I want to speak very briefly referred. this morning on the subject of gambling. l\Ir. ELLIOTT. Will the gentleman yield? · On page 16 of the report of the subcommittee on the Agri­ l\Ir. ALMON. Certainly. cultm·ai appropriation bill we read the following: l\Ir. ELLIOTT. You contend that thi $100,000,000 should GRAIX FUTURES ACT be distributed throughout the States in accordance with the In accordance with the Budget estimate the committee recommends population of the States. You should remember that this is an appropriation of $121,530 for the enforcement of the grain futures Federal money, spent for a Federal purpose. 'Yhere is the act. This sum is $10,000 more than the appropriation for the cur· excu "e for bringing the States into this at all? The States rent fiscal year. The appropriation provides for the administration of have nothing to do with carrying out this Federal·,Purpose. the act which brings under the supervision of the Federal Government Mr. AL:liO"N. I did not say that it should be done in that certain phases of the business conducted on all grrun future exchange,. way, but I did say that if we, as Members of Congress, can in the United States. The act also prohibit discrimination by grain not designate the places and amounts to be expencled and future exchanges against cooperative associations of producers who that a lump-sum appropriation is to be made, that it would desire membership and who agree to meet the conditions, lawfully re· be better to apportion it in that way than to leave it all in the quired of other members, except in respect to patronage dividends: discretion of a Cabinet officer or his subordinates. I do not and provides fot· investigation and dissemination of information con· agree with the distj.nguished gentleman that the States have cerning grrun marketing. nothing to do with carrying out this function of the Federal Government. I believe the States have as much right to be Now, Mr. Chairman, I realize that I am treading on danger protected in the proper distribution of this appropriation as ous ground in speaking of a subject so intricate and so hard to that of Federal appropriations for roads. deal with as that of gambling, as I call it, in cotton and grain. Some of the upporters of this measure claim that it is a And yet I want to lift my voice against the abuse which has busine s propo ition and this is the way it should be handled. grown up in this country in connection with the marketing ot At the same time they all admit that the amount authorized our crops, a pernicious practice wllich is cheating the producer in this bill is wholly inadequate and will not halfway meet out of the product of hls toil and putting them in the pockets the demands. If it is a busine s proposition they should go of the gambler and the speculator. at it in a businesslike way and provide a comprehensive build- There must, in all conscience, be some way of dealing with ing program for the next six years that will meet the public this evil. necessity, and not. continue to pay $24,000,000 a year for the We have just passed a bill claimed by its sponsors to be a rent of buildings. in which to conduct the business of the help for the cooperatives. Now, I take it that we are all in Government. [Applause.] favor of extending all possible help to the cooperatives. At l\Ir. KINDRED. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? any ratet no Member would dare to take the position that he Mr. ALMON. Yes. was opposed to the cooperatives, or even indifferent to their Mr. KINDRED. The gentleman has referred to the prin- success. Is there anything in the bill we passed a few days cipal averages as to the amounts that would be allotted to the ago touching this gambling feature? Not that any one can States, a,ccording to population. According to the newspapers notice it. it is tated that New York will obtain on that basis ju t about We have a future trading act, enacted in August, 1921, levy- what the gentleman said would be apportioned. ing a tax of . 20 cents on each transaction in the so-called Mr. AL~ION. I do not question what the gentleman says ·• puts-anes him supervi ion over the grain exchang~s. one thing is beyond que.tion, and that is that the farmers have grown poorer by millions and billions of dollars since its enact­ And yet in the face of such a statement by the Secretary of ment into law. As a matter of fact the grain and cotton ex­ Agriculture this gambling goes on and on unmolested. the change of the country are not operated in ·the interest of the farmer going bankrupt and the speculator getting wealthy. farmer but are actually run and operated in the intere t of the There is something rotten, my friends, n"Ot in Denmark, speculator. The gamblers on the exchanges are reaping the but a great deal nearer home. 'benefit. They have made-not earned, mind you, but made­ Oh, I know what the contention is. They ask, Where are you hundreds of millions every year, while the farmer has grown going to draw the line? They say that we would injure the poorer. The " short., seller is permitted to sell fictitious wheat market if we curtail their operations. We have a much right and fictitious cotton in competition with the farmers who grow to say that it would not injure the market even if we closed the wheat and cotton. The speculators are selling <'Otton below all the exchanges, but we do not advocate going that far. the co t of production; they are ~ elling grain below the cost of Mo t assuredly, if all of them were closed, it could not po~ ii.Jly production. And those who are selling are getting rich, and be any wor. e for the farmer than it has been during all these the ones who produce the cotton and grain are growing poor. years. By their manipulation of the markets they beat down the price If the heads of a ln.rge manufacturing e tabli ·hment should of the product while it is in the bands of the farmer, and after devise a system whereby they could divert and appropriate it ha left the farm and gone into the hands of the speculator from every pay envelope of its employees a certain amount of up goes the price. Is there anyone who docs not know this money, say one-fourth of the contents of the envelope, and they to be a fact? By elling air, selling wheat that was never were doing that under the protection of the power· that were rai ·ed, selling hund1·eds of millions of bushels that were never ' to guard the interest of the employees, what would you say? produced, selling wheat that is merely paper wheat, they Oh, you would protest in the name of decency and justice. Yet manipulate the market to serve their own selfish ends against the grain gamblers and the cotton gamblers are doing just the interests of the farmer. They have no grain to deliver, that to the farmer, and they are doing it under the protection never expect to deliver it, and yet by their crooked manipula­ of the Government of the United States. ·we help the co­ tion they acquire a large share of the wealth which of right operatives in one branch of the Government, and in another belongs to the farmer who produced it. branch of the same department we deal them a death blow. I know that the rules and regulations governing speculation It is a significant fact that when the division of grain futures on the grain and cotton exchanges are intricate. They are not wa created they had to go to the grain trade to secure a man ea. ily understood by the layman. I do not pretend to analyze to head the division. Kecessarily he has the grain trade view­ them in detail. But there are some things in connection with point, and I am not impugning his motives in anY way. the grain <>'ambling and speculating that a person can see even Speaking broadly and on general principle , we claim tllut if he is not an expert. If a sleight-of-hand performer manipu­ we are opposed to gambling in every form. There are men and lating his art manages to take away from me my watch and my women in public life who thtmder against slot machine anll money, I may not be able to explain all of his movements and raffles and lotteries, who have not a word to say about a form how he accompli hes it, but I do know at the conclusion of the of gambling which is ten times, a hundred time worse. operation that I am minus my watch and money. I can under­ Thank God, there are many who oppose and fight this in­ stand that much. [Laughter.] So here I know that the cotton iquitous practice. But there are still many, too many, wlto farmer and the grain farmer is minu the money that should be become indignant, who are filled with righteous indignation, in hi possession; that by sleight-of-hand performance on the who censure and denounce and fulminate and hurl their grain and cotton exchanges it has been transferred from hh~ anathemas at the criminal who has sunk so low as to operate a pocket into the pockets of the grain gamblers and the specu­ slot machine, and yet have not a word of cen ure for the real lators. gambler who steals his millions in cotton and wheat gambling. We have police protection in the cities. We ought to have it. I am with them in opposing gambling in every form, even to We pay for it and are entitled to it. If some system had been urging little boys not to play marble for keeps, because I devised whereby a systematic stealing was going on and this think it is starting them on the road to the gambling dives, wa , done under the protection of the police, would not you and to the gambling hell. I am with them in all the e things. ri e and protest against such police protection? Now, we have But as compared with the gambling on the stock exchange and a Government in the United States. That is our protection. the boards of trade, all these things are trivial. They are What is the Government for if it is not to protect the weak? child's play by comparison. These gentlemen strain at the And yet, is it not here protecting the gambler? How much is gnat and swallow the camel, hump, tail, and all. the gambler lo ing? Oh, a few have lost because they went too far ; they wanted too much. But as a whole the grain Even the Louisiana lottery was child's play compared with gamblers and the cotton gamblers are growing immensely the gambling that is carried on on the chambers of commerce wealthy and the producers and the farmers are growing that and the boards of trade. Why not permit the Louisiana lot­ much poorer. Is the Government impotent and unable to cope tery the use of the United States mails once more, and en­ with this 'evil? If so, let us have some one who will ad­ courage that State to grant another charter? The Louisiana mini.. ter the Government the way it was intended by its lottery took most of its money from gamblers and people who foU11ders that it should be administered. Does the Secretary had money to spare, or thought they had. Why sbed teara of .Agriculture have the power to stop this gambling? If so, over money passing from the pockets of one gambler into the country wants to know why he does not stop it. If he has those of another gambler, and not say a word about this mo~t not the power, does he want a law enacted to give him the colossal of all gambling schemes? The people affected here power? are not gamblers interested in get-rich-quick schemes. 'l'hey Mr. LOZIER. Will the gentleman yield? are men and wom~n. honest as any in the country, the pro­ Mr. KVALE. Yes, for a question. ducers of the Nation, toiling and sweating 12 to 16 hours a day, 1\Ir. LOZIER. Does the gentleman remember that the Sec­ systematically robbed by the speculator of hundreds of millions retary of Agriculture went to Chicago and made an address of dollars every year. And this under the supervhdon of the and then gave out the statement that the exchange was going Department of Agriculture. The very branch of the depart1 to reform itself? ment intended to suppress these gamblers is being utilized by l\lr. KVALE. I am gTateful to the gentleman for calling them to further their own interests. attention to that fact. I live in the great West where the I am not opposed to legitimate grain and cotton exchanges. Secretary made the prom:il·e-perhaps you might call it a But I am opposed to people selling paper and chalk markf.l threat--that if the operators on the wheat exchanges would and air when they have no grain and cotton to deliver anti not be good boys they would soon find out that he ·had author­ never expect to· have, and when IJI such transactions they ity to clo ~ e up their ex<.'hanges. beat down the price of the actual products, and by their 192G CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3047 sleight-of-band performance transfer millions of dollars from I would not paint them so white, much as I respect :Mr. the pockets of the farmer to their o~p. Brinton's motives for so doing. They, even more than the They tell you that shortselling helps the farmer. Yes; of actual speculators-and for that matter the brokers themselves cour e, the farmer is the one to be helped, certainly. It is may occasionally be found in that latter class-are the men the same old story. The tune is so familiar. I k-now the refrain who have builded this system for their gain at the legitimate hy heart. marketers' expense, and refuse to relinC}uish even a part of it, When the wealthy banker wants to raise the interest ratc'3, when that part is admittedly unfair to e\"eryone directly inter­ when be wants to lower his own taxes, and correspondingly ested with the lone exception of themselve . rai e the taxes of the average man, it is all done to help the As stated, M.r. Brinton doe· not direct his remarks at the farmer. Becau e, for~ooth, it will stabilize the market, and grain exchanges, but at the peculators, the public, the men all that. who enter the exchanges, abuse the trade privileges, and inter­ When the millionaire-railroad owner wants a law placed on fere with the laws of supply and demand which normally regu­ the statute books that will enable him to increa ·e the freight late prices-the "short" sellers, who-- rates, that arne law is heralded as a great boon to the farmer, enter the market and sell fictitious- wheat against us. e\"en if it takes hundreds of millions out of the pockets of the farmer every year after it has become the law. In other words, they supply the buyer of grain futures with When the manufacturer wants a high tariff on hi producta a none:x:i::;tent, fictitious product in direct competition with the it is not ~elfi:..:hness on his part. It is not to increase his producer who has the actual product and wbo is trying to ·ell it. already swollen fortune. No; bless y_ou, it is done to help the Speculation is defined by Mr. Brinton : farmer. There are two kiuds of E'peculation-legitimate peculation, such as And so with the gambling on the gr~in and cotton exchanges. the farmer enter' into when be sow hi crops, uch as the merchant When the speculators and all their hired minions oppose any must assume when be buys mercbandi e for re~ale to the consumer, curtailing of the iniquitous practice they do so from altruistic such as the insurance company mu. t assume when it iRsues an insur­ motives, for the good of the country, in the interest of the ance policy, and the speculation which all groups must enter into in farmer! And the sad part of it all is, they actually get by the carrying on of commercial entet·prise . with that hypocrisy. Then there is the other kinu of speculation which serves no useful Ur. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? purpose, such as a lottery, a polUlu l\Ir. KVALE. That is becau ~ e they do not enforce the law. be made illegal, that is now carried on by tho e who gamble in btQ·ing lli. LAGUARDIA. They get around it by a technical com­ and selling future grain contt·acts-by betting on the price of graiu. pliance. Mr. KVALE. Is not there some way to make them comply Recognizing the real ueed of continuing the system of selling with the law? and buying grain by future contract, be make the point that Mr. LAGUARDIA. Gambling can not be stopped by legis­ there is no constitutional method of barring the futures Luyer lation. Were there not gamblers e\"en in the temple of God or the actual grain buyer from the market; any citizen bas who were thrown out? the right to purcha. e what he wishe at the price he wants to Mr. K'T ALE. That is precisely w·hat I want clone here. I pay. The buyer is the " life of all commerce " and invariably want the e gamblers thrown out of the temple of liberty, and I adds to the demand, thereby stimulating price . They may buy say that a government that can not do this is an incompetent gov­ because they need tbe product, or because they believe tbey ernment, and we should have ome one else administer the law. may be alJle to ell later at a price alJove the purcha e price. We have bills introduced both in the Senate and in the The same applies to the seller of actual grain. He can not House making short selling a felony punishable by fine and be barred; he should not be barred; no one wants him barred. imprisonment. I am anxious to see ·what will be the fate of As for the " ~hort" seller, already referred to, he says : these bills in the committee and in the House. I want to see The " short " eller is the operator in the market who sells some­ which is the stronger and more powerful force in the country thing which be doe not own, posse ·, or control. The term " short " to-day-my Government or these gamblers and speculators. is used becau e it indicates the seller is " sbort" the product that he [Applause.] is selling. Mr. Chairman, under leave to e:x:tend my remarks, I want to append a summary of the statement made before the Again: House Committee on Agriculture on January 14 last by Mr. He can be barred by commercial rules or, If necessary, by legiclation J. W. Brinton, publicity and organization director of the under the Constitution. No man can ju tly complain to the courts Minnesota Wheat Growers' Cooperative Marketing As ocia­ because the law, or commercial rule, prohibits him from elllng some­ tion, in which he shows clearly and concisely the effect on thing which he does not pos ess, own, or controL Therefore, there cooperative marketing of grain_ speculation. It is couched in is a simple remedy to put the purely speculative element out of the language that any layman ·can understand, and he demon­ market. It involves just one princJple, i. e., prohibiting a person from strates forcibly the fact that he is one of the few men to-day selling nonexistent products. that has a clear insight into this va t and intricate problem, combined with the vision to propose a sure remedy and the That is briefly and clearly and completely stated. The result courage to espouse it. would be the creation of legitimate grain exchanges where I wish most earnestly that I might include the entire state­ every transaction would represent actual grain, and where the ment verbatim, as it appears in the hearings, published. Be­ speculative activity, which now so far exceeds actual activity can. e it i voluminou , and because the House has expressed that it dominates and controls the whole market, would dis­ itself as opposing the practice, I shall summarize briefly as appear. pos ible. · He goes on to explain the operation of the " short " seller: Yr. Brinton expresses as his sincere belief, based on 20 years' The " short " seller is the man who believes the price ot grain is aeth·e experience in wheat marketing and careful tudy and ob­ too high. He believes the price should or will decline. He wishes he F;ervation, that the cooperati"res can not succeed, can not profit­ had grain to sell. He has none, however- ably maintain themselves, until two great evils confronting them are eliminated, namely: Note this: First. Establi h grain grades on the actual value of the He bas none, however, but under the present method of conduct in wheat, and not on its external appearance; and the grain exchanges be is allowed to enter the market and sell any Second. Effectively bar the short seller from the open mar­ amount of grain, to be delivered at a future time. Or the "short " ket and thus prevent illegitimate speculation in the grain mar­ seller may want to secure actual grain, but he considers the price kets and in the cotton markets. too high. He therefore sells wheat rapidly, which causes a depression Actuated by a desire to be fair to his fellow members of .the in price. Then, having depressed the price, be buys ordet·Iy and slowly Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce, he makes the prelitninary and thus secures the product at a lower level. explanation thaf members of all boards of trade are business men a sociated together who carry on the business of the Thus the " short" seller proves to be a permanent competitor buyer and the seller in the grain market, whether they deal in of the actual seller, adding the burden of a pseudosupply of the actual a-rain or contracts for future "grain," and on each grain, depressing the price at will, unlimited in operation by tran action charge a definite commission per bushel. the amount of grain, limited only by bis financial backing. 3048 CONGRESSION .A.L RECORD-HOUSE J~~UARY 30 As a specific example, 'Mr. Brinton cites the manner in which letter indicates clearly that you have given much careful thought to tile operations of the " hort" sellers in Minneapolis last fall this entire matter, a.nd I am therefore glad to have these additional ju. t as the seasonal crop movements began forced the price of views. You indicate that you favor the elimination of all operations wheat down 25 cents a bushel, then a few weeks later the same for purely speculative purposes. I doubt very much if It would be men- desirable to go that far, as to eliminate all such tran actions would practically result in closing the futures markets, and from studies so far bought \vh eat with which to fill his previously made sale contracts at made it appears that some speculative activities are neces ary to 25 rents bushel less than what he had sold the wheat for-before he a help carry the lo:Hl of the market, at least at certain seasons of the owned it. year. On the other hand, I think there is ample opportunity for "Before he owned it." Ah. there you are. impl·ovement along the line of restricting speculative transactions so What Mr. Brinton specifically asks, on behalf of his organiza­ that a few individuals can not buy or sell unlimited quantities with­ tion and similar organizations and all grain producers and out any notion of taking or making delivery. It is operations of legitimate dealers, is that the "short" seller be barred. Then this character that influence the market more particularly, and by the only actual producers or purchasers could become sellers. The weighc of their volume of trade influence prices accordingly. prE:'sent system would not be upset, it would merely- 1\Ir. Brinton hastens to reply. He points out, first in answer narrow the number of sellers and confine f-uture trading to the law of to the statement that "to eliminate all such transactions would supply and demand. practically result in clo ing the futures market": The man why buys on the market will still need the actual I can not agree with this statement, and I hope you have mi ·under­ product, or he will still buy when he thinks he can sell at a stood my position. I do not advocate the elinlinating of all future profit. tran action . There seems to be a general misunderstanding on this Nor will barring the "short" seller confiscate or render use­ subject. Whenever the grain grower element ask for the elimina­ less any actual property, such as warehouses, mills, transporta­ tion of the speculator, the grain trade, or speculative interest in the tion agencies. They will function as completely as ever and, grain trade, immediately say that future transactions a1·e necessary, perhaps, a little more. and they have led a great many to beUeve that future transactions are He admits that brokE:'rs' profits will be wiped out to a con­ all alike. siderable extent. But, he says: There are two kinds of future transactions, viz, the selling and buy­ Thi certainly should not be considered or debated in discussing ing in the future market of actual grain and the boy1ng and elling tl1i questiou, if you are eon\'inced that the "short" seller is an evil. in the future market of purely speculative options. The ·aloon keeper's profits were not considered in the prohibition law, Let me make my position more clear. I do not a k to have the nor his investments in physical property. Wheu the Louisiana lottery buyer restricted or eliminated. Actual demand for wheat will auto­ scheme was rejected the profits of the operators were not dt·bate'l. matically take care of the situation in so far as the buyer is con­ When the laws were drawn prohibiting the maintaining of public gam­ cerned; but I do contend and insist, for the benefit of the grain bling houses, and when the laws were passed prohibiting immoral re­ grower, that the seller be restricted. A buyer can not buy wheat in sorts, the profits of the operators or keepers were not ctiscussed. the future market unless there is a seller, and if the " short" selle-r is prohibited from operating there would be no sales of grain except Referring to the statement sometimes made that "speculative where actual grain existed. It is the selling which " bears" the activities are necessary to help carry the load of the market, market or forces it down ; and by allowing men to sell wheat in this at least at certain seaRons of the year," he dismisses it by futm·e market, who have no wheat, is to increase the supply and put pointing out that, while it applies to speculative buyers, it has the actual grower who bas wheat to sell in competition with the no application whatever to the "short" seller. Instead of car­ speculator who is selling " short " ot· selling option . rying any so-called "load," the seller always unloads and adds to the existing market load. Thus his elimination, and not his Then, following the forceful application of a definite exam­ t·etention, will help those who "carry the load." ple of what he clain1s, 1\Ir. Brinton states that no valid argu­ Absence of " hort " ellers in the market will in no way ment with a concrete illustration thereof has ever been pre­ tend to bar actual futures. The owner of the grain can still sented to show that the grain grower would be injured by sell it for future delivery. Buyers of actual gi'ain would still elimination of the " hort" seller. Statements to that effect need the same approximate amount and would bid for it on have never been backed ·either by effective argument or by the market as always. The amount of actual grain would not specific illustration. For that reason he asks: be changed, the need for it would not be changed; the only If the grain futures dE'p::trtment can give me a concrete illu -tra­ change would be the absence of the disturbing element, the tion to back up its claims of the speculative crowd who control the short sellers who depress the market, and who help no one but boards of h·ade throughout the country, I woultl like to know such themselves at the expense of those who are in legitimate trade. an illustration so that I might learn of any possible iujury to the The need of protection through futures transactions, too, would grain market or the grain grower by eliminating the " short •• seller. in all likelihood be materially reduced. He explains: This statement is made in all sincerity after many years' study of the subject, without any success in fi.nding this wt>akness in our They (the buyers) would receive a certificate or contract covering demands. their purchases. If they wished later to sell, there would be no restric· tion, because they would then be the owners or the contract holders 1\lr. Duvel answers him eight days later, anu hiR answer of actual grain. Thus every n·ansaction would represent actual supply. is in effect a repetition of the same generalities that were After the wheat passed into consumption the supply would be reduced, contained in the letter already quoted. He states that he and then the buyers would be forced to buy from the reduced supply "feels" that "to eliminate short selling entirely would eventu­ and seek it wherever it could be obtained. ally eliminate all speculative transaction so far as futures When new wheat is produced, it would pass into the market and the are concerned," and that "so many questions are involved that pUI'chasers would be given new certificates of ownership. At all times any movement along that line mu ·t neces~arily develop through the price of wheat or grain and the operation of buying and selling a process of evolution rather than a radical change." would be confined to the actual product. Mr. Brinton then again calls his attention to the concluding paragraph of his letter to Mr. Duvel, asking for information Mr. Brinton concludes his statement by submitting con·e­ from the department which he assumes has been overlooked. spoudence with J. "\\"'. Duvel, chief of the grain futures ad­ He says, again : ministration in the Department of Agriculture, 1·egarding this I can not see that the eliminating of this gambler or " c3 hort" matter of the effect of the " short " seller on the market. It seller should be accomplished through the proces of evo\.utiou. In discloses, in particular, the significant fact that the bead of my opinion, be has been allowed to interfere with the grain market this governmental control agency over grain speculators and too long now, and he should be eliminated by a direct order or de­ brokeJ.'B can not, or will not, answer a question, an honest and a mand ft•om the Agricultural Department without further delay. definite and a short and a frank question which is repeated I may be entirely wrong in my statements and conclusions, but again and again, re pectfully but insistently. it will be very interesting to me to receive the Information from Mr. Brinton, in the first letter he submits in evidence, writ­ your department which I requested and which request is sincerely re­ ten by him to Mr. Dovel under date of November 3, 1925, ufter noting that the principle of control by the Government peated here In the la'st pa.'ra.graph of my letter to you of November 9. over boards of trade aud speculative transactions has been In Mr. Duvel's reply to the repeated request he obseryes ~ estaulished and recognized, suggests to Mr. Duvel that the If I understand your views correctly, you believe it would be to Department of Agriculture has the power to bar the trans­ the advantage of our grain growers to stop short selling entirely. actions of the "short" seller, who is a "damage to the buyer, 'fo take this step there is a possibility of doing harm. because com· sel1er, and legitimate grain dealer." plete elimination of the short seller would practically dE'stroy the 1\lr. Duvel answers at once, this-and nothing more: futures market. DEAR !fa. BniXTON: I have your letter of November 3 offe~ing And leading out of that another dissertation on the general further su.{;gestions with reference to our grain-futures market. Your aspects and the iJ:!trlcacies of the problem and the introduction 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3049 of dh·erting arguments and statements in place of any attempt that a grain-marketing organization composed of 10,000 members is at answering the repeated question. entitled to receive honest consideration and a frank and honest reply Mr. Brinton writes once again, and repeats: to its communications in a discussion of this kind. In my letter to you of November 9 I gave you a concrete Ulustra­ Then follows a detailed discussion of operations of the tion of the damage to the grower and legitimate grain dealer by allow­ "short" seller, his effect on the buyer and on all legitimate fu. ing the " short" seller to operate, and asked your department to furnish tures transactions, combined with specific illustrations. In clos· us with a concrete illustration of how speculation benefits those who ing he offers his compliments to Mr. Duvel : have grain to sell. I am sorry you have overlooked giving us such In closing I wish to say that this association regrets very much that evidence in support of your position. I assume that your· departmE.nt the Umted States Department of Agriculture should take the position is in full possession of not only every argument but concrete evidence of defending the specula tors and in opposing the demands of the to sustain the speculative argument. I have never seen any evidence actual wheat growers and their cooperatives who should ha>e the to uphold the· position of those who support the gamblers. It has all support of the Agricultural Department As we understand it the been supported by a general statement, as your department has made Department of Agriculture was established to be of service to the to me, that speculation is necessary, but a general statement is not farmer and not for the purpose of spreading false propaganda to proof or evidence of the necessity. protect those who speculate with and profit upon the product of the . .. I wish again to add to the above that to eliminate a seller is to farm. assist the sellers that remain, and to lessen the number of sellers Yours very truly, automatically increases the percentage of buyers in relation to the J. w. BRI:STON. number of sellers. The point I wish to make and the information I desire is a con­ Mr. Chairman, I repe-at my question: Does the Secretary of crete example of how the elimination of the " short" seller will injure Agriculture have the power to stop thi gambling? If be does · the grower or dealer who bas actual grain in their possession to sell. have the power, the farmers of the Nation want to know why If your department bas no such evidence, or has not been furnished he does not use it. If he has not the power, will he favor en­ with even a theory on the subject, we would be glad to have such in­ acting a law that will give him the power? formation. On the other hand, if you have the evidence and the Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chalfman, I yield to the information which I seek we would appreciate it very much if you gentleman from 1\Iontana [Mr. LEAVITr]. would pass it along to us, as we want to make no dem·and upon your 1\lr. LEAVITT. Mr. Chairman, there was a great deal of department, the Department of Agriculture, or Congress if our posi~ publicity several months ago when the Board of Indian Com­ tion is wrong. missioners was requested by the Secretary of the Interior to make a survey of conditions in Oklahoma with reference to · Mr. Duvel' reaction to this letter is little different f1·om the Indian administration. The Board of Indian Commissioners is re t. He complacently resumes his repetition of statements an organization created by section 4 of an act of Congress, ap­ that " you can not eliminate short selling without at the same proved April 10, 1869 (16 Stat. L. 40), which provided an time doing away with the purely speculative buyer of futures," appropriation of $2,000,000 to enable the President to maintain and that- peace and promote civilization among the Indians, and author­ It is not my purpose to attempt a defense of the " short" seller or to ized the President, in his discretion, to organize a board of indicate that such transactions are always de>oid of evil. It is cer­ commissioners to consist of not more than 10 persons, to be tain, however, that the complete elimination of the " short" seller selected by him from men eminent for their intelligence and would' eventually eliminate the speculative buyer. philanthropy, to serve without pecuniary compensation, to exer­ Can you blame Mr. Brinton for finally giving up in utter cise joint control with the Secretary of the Interior over the discouragement? His letter of December 22, 1925, concludes disbursement of the appropriation. the series of interchanges. It is a long letter, and opens in The present Board of Indian Commissioners consists of the following vein : George Vaux, jr., chairman, Bryn Mawr, Pa.; Warren K. Moore­ head, Andover, Mass.; Samuel A. Eliot, Cambridge, Mass.; MY DEAR Mn. DuvEL: Your letter of December 19 bas been received Frank Knox, Manchester, N. H. ; Daniel Smiley, Mohonk Lake, and contents noted, and I am disappointed in that you have again N. Y. ; Maj. Gen. Hugh L. Scott, Princeton, N. J. ; Clement S. ignored the request for the information which I ask. I therefore must Ucker, Savannah, Ga.; Flora Warren Seymour, Chicago, IlL; come to the conclusion that your department has no information or John J. Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pa. ; secretary, Malcolm )Ic­ ..vidence furnished it which would show that the barring of the Dowell, Washington, D. C. " bort " seller in the grain markets of the country would be an The report submitted in this important matter i as follow , injury to grain growe1·s and grain dealers. It gives me pleasure, and will be of great interest and value to the Congress and the however, to know that our position is sound in the demands we have country: maue to your department and through the columns of our publication. WASHINGTON, D. C., December 30, 1925. I regret, however, that you should again repeat to me the prop­ DEAR MR. SECRETARY : In conformity with your request contained in aganda of the speculative interests which is always given out by them your letter of July 23, 1925, addre sed to Chairman George Vaux, jr., in reply to those who demand the " short " seller's elimination, viz, of the Board of Indian Commissioners, that the !Joard inquire into the "Is it desirable to eliminate all purely speculative transactions but Indian situation in Oklahoma and formulate its views, after such in­ buying and • short' selling from our futures markets?" To repeat quiry, for the benefit of the administrative and legislati\e branches of this propaganda to me after the lengthy correspondence which I have the Government, the Board of Indian Commissioners, through a com­ had with your office is to as ume that the writer Is a fool or a knave. mittee of four of its members, has completed such inquiry. l would have to be a fool to take such a statement seriously and a As a member of the committee of inquiry, I have been gi\en the knave to make urgent demand upon your department without knowing task of submitting tor your information and consideration a portion of anything about future trading or the grain business. · our findings, with suggested recommendations, dealing with certain If your department can show me any power which It bas, or which allegations and statements derogatory to Mr. Charles H: Burke, Com­ the Government can give lt, under the common law, the Constitution, missioner of Indian Affairs, and Mr. Shade E. Wallen, SuperintendPnt or anything else under the sun, to bar buying or to eliminate a buyer, for the Five Civilized Tribes. It is with these charges and the situa­ I would indeed be glad to receive such information. A man with tion they reveal that this partial report will deal. As it has received >ery little commexcinl or legal understanding knows that you can .. 10t the approval of the other members or the board, it has become a report bar a buyer from the market or prevent him from buying for future on the subjects treated of the entire board. delivery grain, cattle, hogs, steel, clothing, prunes, or peanuts, if he Prior to the investigation conducted in Oklahoma the committee of has the desire, the money, or the credit with which to make the pur­ inquiry by your orders was given unlimited access to files in both chase. It is highly ridiculous to even think of passing a law or the office of the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of making a rule to prohibit buyers from buying in the open markets, Indian Affairs. From a study of these it Lecame apparent that from except such products as opium, whisky, or moonshine; and I am !lot the early part of 1924 there had been in progress in Oklahoma "'hat ignorant enough to think that there is a question in such a matter. approximated a concerted and organized campaign against the adminis­ It is an insult to my intelligence, therefore, to say to me that thP. tration of the Indian Bureau by Commissioner Burke and the adminis­ question imolves the eliminating of both buying and selling. I repeat tration of the afralrs of the Five Civilized Tribes by Superintendent that this is simply the propaganda which the speculative crowd give Wallen. ont for public consumption, assuming and knowing that the general Various conventions and meetings of Indians of Oklahoma, in some public does not understand future trading in grain or anything of which white men participated, adopted resolutions attacking both else. officials, and such resolutions were invariably forwarded to Washington, It would llkewise be an insult to your' departmen t to as ume that either to the Presiuent or to the Secretary of the Interior. These you accepted tbis propaganda as an honest oppo ition to those who meetings gave the appearance of a sizable body of opinion which held wi h to eliminate speculation from the grain markets. I ha\e a both Mr. Burke and Mr. Wallen blameworthy, and some of the resolu· right to assume that the head of the Grain Futures Department is tions demanded their prompt removal. The culmination of these entirely familiar with grain marketing, and, sach being the case, I feel attacks upon Federal administration of Oklahoma Indian affairs was 3050 CO~GRESSION" AL RECORD-HO-rSE JANU..iRY 30 attained when the ReJ?ublican congressional committee of the second drawn by Mr. Van Court from h1s inteniew with ~Ir. Case, that the district of Oklahoma adopted r<>solutio_ns dit·ectlr chuging Superintend­ latter and Commissioner Burke were in collusion, were totally un­ ent Wallen with numerous offenses. some of them criminal in their warranted. nature. In splte of the various serious charges that Mr. \an Court bas Upon arrival in Oklahoma and with heal'ings in pt·ogr·ess, it early brought against Commissioner Burke, ·the te 'timony developed that became manifest that the chat·ges against Commissioner Burke con ­ the Indian Bureau and Interior Department had consistently rulel.l si "ted of an alleged discrimination against men of Indian blood as in Mr. "Van Court' favor upon the que tion of the legality of his appointees in tbe Indian SerYice, particularly as superintendents; of contract, and that the sole matter in di-pute at the present tim . a claim set up by a 6roup of Creek Indians that he had been criminally was the question of compensation to be allowed. This pretty effec­ negligent in pt·otecting thele interests in litigation affecting tribal tually disposes of Mr. Yan Court's charges. ownNship in the bed of the Arkansas River; and the charge that he Altogether, the ruost sel'ious and. the mo t formal and hlllgible had acted in collusion with others in seeking to prevent the execution attack which wa made in Oklahoma upon the Indian Office adminis­ of a contt·act between E. J. Yan Court, an attorney of Eufaula, and tration was that contained in the resolutions adopted IJy the R c- pub­ a committee of the Creek Indians, for the prosecution of the Creek lican committee in the second congressional district of 01\lahomn. claims before the United States Court of Claims. These charges were directed solely at Superintendent Sharle E. The fu·st of these charge' , that l\fr. nurke discriminated against ruen Wallen, superintendent for the Five CiYilized Tribes. Thev included of Indian blood, is puerile on the !ace of it. One need not go outside chat·ges of a very serious, grave and, in some Instanc e ~. criminal the limits of Oklahoma to find evidence to the exact contrary. Indeed, nature ; and the committee went to Oklahoma prepared to give them the rolls of the Indian Bureau clearly show its utter emptiness. The the most searching inve8tigation. author of this charge and the admitted organizer of most of the in­ The chairman, Mr. E. L. Kit·by, of the second congres ional di~­ dignation meetings of Indians which adopted resolutions containing trict Republican committee, and all of the members of the commit­ this particular chat·ge was Mr. 0. K. Chandler, a former superintendent. tee, were informed early of the approaching inquli·y to be conducted of mixed blood, who was dismissed fl·om the senice for cause. This into the charges the committee had made and of the hearings to be charge was never worthy of a moment's consideration by any man who held in Muskogee. They were all urged to attrnd these bearing£', had access to the fact~. and come prepared to substantlate the sel'ious charges they had made Those who preferred the charges of negligence on the part of the against Mr. Wallen. Commissioner of Indian Atrrrirs in dealing with the Arkansas River bed Despite this invitation, but one member of the faction of t!le com­ cases appeared before the committee with their charges and sub­ mittee, which voted for the resolutions. appeareo; and that mcmlH:'r, mitted to examination. It promptly became apparent that the sole Mr. r... R. Kershaw, testified under oath that he was possessed of no basis of the complaint was the disposition of the commissioner at one proof of any character whatever, to substantiate the charJ;e he had time to compromise these river-bed cases by a settlement out of court joined with others in making against :\Ir. Wallen; and that o far for $175,000. Such settlement was recommended to him by the attor­ as his personal knowledge went, all of the chargt s were based upon neys of the Department of Justice who were handling the case, but mere rumor. was protested by the lndinns. On the other band, those members of the congressional Republican When the posture of tho Indians, whose rights were concerned, came committee, who had voted against the re ·olutions, all appeared. to the attention of the commissioner, he at once discontinued compro­ Without exct::ption they declared under oath that the charges wPre n mise negotiations and recommended that the fight be carded on in the part of a factional, political campaign bnsecl on mere street rumors, courts. The river-bed litigation is extremely involved. Ko one not the purpose being to ou t W::tllen from his offi ce in ot·der that tha wnolly familiar wlth all of its details could pass judgment on it. To place might be filled by a Republican of the faction making the give heed to the advice of the Government attorneys employed in the charges. case was but natural. Thi action, however, provides cant ground fot The committee has no hesitancy in saying that not a ingle charge criticism, especially as the desires of the Indians themselves were met, of reprehensible or criminal conduct against Mr. Wallen was in ny and no settlement to which they objected wa-, made. The case still way substantiated, although every opportunity was affordrd, for thos. is in litigation. 'l'he charge can be di missed with the observation wbo alleged they knew of any improper action on his part, to submit that it is largely the by-product of a very natural impatience of the proof. Indians involved with the dilatoriness of white men's courts. After all of the witnesses whose attendance could be procured bad The charge against Commissioner Burke of collusion in prennting been examined to bring out proof of Cle charges made against Mr. the approval of the contract made between E. J. Van Court and a Wallen, Mr. Wallen himself was put on the witue:s staml and undet· representative committee of the Creek Nation, to represent the Creeks oath provided the committee with official records from his offi ce. which in the litigation of tribal claims against the United States through satisfied the committee that the charge of criminal misconduct were the Court of Claims, was the only charge upon which any serious utterly unwarmnted and without color of truth, and that the re ~ olu· effort was made to produce proof. The committee spent its entire tions adopted by the Republican committee of the econd di:.;trict iu time throughout se>eral day- seat·ching into this matter, with the Oklahoma consisted merely of a summary of street rumors and oolitical result that the entire committee was unanimously of the opinion that gossip emanating from the sources unfriendly to that faction- of the the charge was not true, and that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs Republican Party to which Mr. Shade "allen, before his appointment, was not guilty of any impropPr conduct whatever. belonged. The sole criticism that the committee would offer in this case would In the minds of the committee there is but one . pecific criticism of be that the commissioner appears to be unduly apprehensive that he Mr. Wallen's conduct in the matters complained of to be made. In might be publicly criticized for the allowance of Yery large attorney Mr. Wallen's handlhrg of the Exic Fife divorce case he did not appear fees resulting if later the Court of Claims should allow the Creek to be as alert as he might have been in detecting what sub equent evi­ Tribe any considerable proportion of theil· claim , which they estimate dence bas revealed to have been a roo t reprehensible " splitting of run into hundreds of millions of dollars. The act under which the fees" among the attorneys tn that case. claims are to be brought, however, provides !or the way in which the The committee, as a result of its investigation, was thoroughly sat­ attorney shall be paid, which is through the action of the court itseli, isfied of Mr. Wallen's personal integrity and of his deep and genuine the fee being limited to not more than 10 per cent of the total of the interest in the welfare of the Indians in his charge. claims allowed. The foregoing constitutes merelY. a summary of the committee's find­ Obviously the responsibility for the size of the fee, undet· the direc­ ings. A detailed report on all matters coyered in this summary will b tion of Congress, rests upon the Court of Claims and not upon the a part of the final and complete report of the Oklahoma investigation. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and under these circumstances the Based upon the conclusions above set forth, the committee submits the Indian Bureau seemed to the committee to be unduly e..xercised over following suggested recommendations for your consideration : the attorneys' possible compensation in this litigation. However, slnce 1. The prompt repeal by Congress of the law which changed the all of the commissioner's efforts were directed to prevent an Indian office of superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes from a civil-service tril.Je from being mulcted by attorneys, it would hardly seem that this status and made of it a presidential appointment, subject to confirma­ could be made the basis of a charge of improper conduct. tion by the Senate. The committee was not content with the series of bearings on this 2. The segregation of the restricted Indians of the Five Civilized matter held in Muskogee, but, upon return to Washington from Okla­ Tribes who have an annual income of $5,000 or more-we are Informed homa, took the testimony of Commissioner Burke, former Senator there are not more than 100 such cases-from other Indians of this George R. Chamberlain, and Attorney Ralph H. Case, all of whom were jurisdiction and the speedy disposition of these Indian estates by either 10\-olved in the testimony given in Muskogee. removal of all restrictions · or the creation of trusteeships for each The testimony of former Senator Chamberlain touching a_ny improper estate by employing well-established and competent trust companies, or conduct on the part of Commissioner Burke was direct and positive. banking corporations, who make a business of handling estates, for lle declared he saw nothing improper nor anything which suggested this purpose. The handling of the unusually large estate of Eastman criminal collusion to defeat the Van Court contract on the part of Richards in this manner provides an illustration of this method tho Commissioner Burke. committee bas in mind. The testimony of Mr. Van Court and Mr. Case did not differ in any 3. The division of the superintendency of the Five Civilized Tribes material point, and the committee is satisfiM that the inferences into two or more jurisdictions, in the discretion of the Secretary of the 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3051 Interior, each with a superintendent appointed under civil-service and been intimately associated all my life with the agricultural rules by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in the same manner that classes, and having a very modest interest in agriculture from such appointments are made throughout the Indian Service. a personal viewpoint, I avail myself of this opportunity to call Nothing could have been made more apparent by our investigation to the attention of my colleagues some distressing conditions than that the constant atmosphere of suspicion, of charge and counter­ which prevail in the agricultural world, although in the lim­ charge, of rumored misconduct, of favoritism and discrimination, is al­ ited time at my command I can only refer to one or two fac­ most exclusively due to the fact that the office of the superintendent tors in this all-important problem. has become, by virtue of the act of 1914, a part of the spoils of office, For two or three years, in addition to his many other im­ and that in Oklahoma, especially, factionalism in party affairs is portant duties, the President bas been engaged in the ancient rampant, with the consequence that not only is the incumbent of the and honorable practice of attempting to convince the agricul­ superintendency subjected to constant attack by the party of opposi­ tural classes of the United States that they are prosperous and tion but it is quite as steadily subjected to criticism, for factional pur­ that. they are on the highway to an unp1·ecedented prosperity. poses, by a faction of the party to which he may belong, which In his first mes age of December, 1923, in a special message in vehemently desires to get him out in order to put a member of the January dealing with the agricultural problems, the President faction in. For the past 12 years, no matter which of the major told this Congress and told the American people that the agri­ parties were dominant in national affairs, and without consideration of cultural emergency had passed and that agricultural conditHms the personality of the incumbent of this office, ever since the office were rapidly improving, and that prosperity was imminent and became a presidential office, this state of affairs has been constant. impending. The inevitable result of this condition upon the affairs of the Indians I have been forced to disagree with the President and to involved has been most injurious, as it always will be when office dispute his diagnosis of the agricultural situation. In numer­ holding in the Indian Service is dependent upon the spoils system. ous addresses in this body I have endeavored to demonsh·ate The sole cure of this situation, in the opinion of this committee, is the that American agriculture was still suffering from economic repeal of the law of 1914 and the subdivision of the work as outlined ills and that the emergency had not passed. About a year above. ago, in .discussing this question, I stated that during the coming The recommendation that the richer Indians be segregated and dis­ year there would probably be more foreclosures of fann mort­ position made of their estates, which will entirely relieve the Indian gages, more forced and sacrificial liquidation of farm indebt­ Ser·vice of their _administration, is both sound public policy and good edness, and more business disasters to the farmers of the business. If these rich Indians, the administration of whose affairs Nation than ever before in any one year of our history. Tho e now consumes almost all of the time of a large staff of clerical em­ predictions have been fulfilled, and within the last 12 months ployees at the Muskogee office, were eliminated, the poorer Indians, the ship of agriculture has been on the rocks. The American who compri e at least 95 per cent of the restricted cla s, would then farmers are staggering under a mortgage indebtedness of about receive the attention they deserve and for which the Indian Service is $7,000,000,000, bearing an average interest rate of 6%, per cent, expressly maintained. Under present conditions, they get scant, if any, and this mortgage indebtedness is being rapidly increased. attention at all, and so long as the superintendency is charged with A few weeks ago the Associated Pre s carried a news item the administration of the estates of very rich individuals, this lamen­ from Des Moines, Iowa, to the effect that the Iowa farmers table condition will continue. had discharged about $23,000,000 of their indebtedness to the Furthermore, the very existence of these large estates, owned by re­ intermediate credit banks, and the newspapers featured this stricted Indians and handled by the Indian Service, provokes much of incident as evidence that the Iowa farmers were prosperous the trouble in which this superintendency is continually involved and able to pay off their mortgages. The A sociated Press Grafting on rich Indians bas become a recognized business in eastern should also have carried the information that the liquidation Oklahoma, and a considerable class of unscrupulous individuals live of these intermediate credit bank loans was not out of the by this method So common is lhis practice that the term " grafter " profits and earnings from the Iowa farms, but these mortgages carries P,ttle opprobrium with it in Oklahoma and is the commonly were paid out of the proceeds of new mortgages· given to used designation for those who have dealings with the Indians. secure new loans of money borrowed from the Federal land Thus, segregation of these estates and their speedy disposition by banks, joint-stock land banks, private capitalists, and the great means of trusteeships, with reputable banking or trust company con­ American insurance companies. In other words, these inter­ cerns acting as trustees, would be a very long step toward elimina­ mediate credit bank loans were paid out of the proceeds of tion of abuses which now flourish and which unavoidably involve the new loans and by increasing the mortgage indebtedness on good name and good faith of the Federal Government and the Indian Iowa farms. Service. No slight consideration in making such a change would be Agriculture is one of the basic and probably the most impor­ the greater security and permanence of the estates involved if they tant single industry in the United States. According to the were hanuled by business experts and utterly removed from the 1920 census, the capital invested in agriculture amounted to qua i-political afmosphere of the Five Tribes superintendency. We $77,924,100,338, while the amount of capital invested in manu­ thoroughly believe hundreds of thousands of dollars of Indians' money facturing was $44,466,593,771, or only about 60 per cent of the would annually be saved by the pursuit of this policy, for it would amount invested in agriculture. The number of farmers in the put these funds completely beyond the reach of the grafting spoilsman. United States in 1920 was 4,00 ,907, while the number of With the comparatively small number of rich Indians thus cared manufacturing plants of less than $5,000 capital wa oniy for and out of the picture, it is the earnest recommendation of this 196,309. The number of persons engaged in agriculture and eommittee that the present superintendency be subdivided into several animal husbandry was 9,869,030, . while only 8,777,950 persons parts and each subdivision made a reservation in the ordinary mean­ were engaged in manufacturing. ing of the word, each wHh a superintendent appointed by the Indian The value of agricultural products of all kinds in 1924 was Commissioner in the usual fashion, from the ranks of those who have $12,404,000,000, while the value of manufactured product. was demonstrated their fitness by actual service and who are possessed $60,555,998,000. Of course, there wns included in the value of of a civil-service status. manufactured products the cost of labor, $11,009,298,000 and Such a subdivision would reduce the size of the separa,te jurisdic­ the cost of materials, $34,705,698,000, or a total productio~ cost tions to a point where real constructive work could be done in pro­ of $45,714,996,000, which makes the income from manufacturing moting the Indian's welfare, teaching him the duties of citizenship, $14,841,002,000 over and above the cost of labor and raw mate­ and instructing him 1n the white man's methods of self-support. rial used in these manufactured commodities. Substantially no work of this sort is now carried on, due to the exac­ Statistics show that in recent years the net income o-n the tions of the administering of great estates. capital invested in manufacturing ha.s been enormous, while There are appended herewith some exhibits pertaining to the sub­ there has been practicaly no net income on capital invested in ject matter of this report. agriculture, when cost of production, interest on capital in­ Respectfully submitted. vested, depreciation on capital investment and equipment, and FR.A.~K KNOX, overhead expense are considered. In other words, while there Member Board of Indian Commissioners. bas been a tremendous increase in the wealth of the people of The honorable the SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, the United States in the last five years, the increase in wealth Washingtott, D. 0. has not been fairly or equitably distributed among the voca­ tional groups, but has been very largely appropriated by those Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to engaged in manufacturing, commerce, and transportation, while my colleague [Mr. LoziER]. agriculture, the mother of all gainful occupations and in the Mr. LOZIER. M:r. Chairman and gentlemen of the commit· last analysis the one upon which all others depend. ha. not tee, in the limited time at my command I will confine my re­ been able to balance its budget or sell its commodities. at ptices marks to the subject of agriculture. Representing, as I do that would return the cost of production, much less afford a a great agricultural district, which in intensive and diver~ profit. No one will contend that this is a wholesome condition. sified agriculture is probably not surpassed by any other No so-called national prosperity in which the American farmer district in the United States, and having sprung from the soil does not participate is equitable or e.ndm·ing. 3052 co"'" TGRESSION AL RECORD-RousE J ..i~U ..iRY 30 A few years ago Doctor Coue, a celebrated exponent ot sug· ing and has not been pro.:pering for the last five years. They gestive therapeutic , came from France to teach the people ot also know that no prosperity can come to the American farmers the United States how to cure themselves of bodily ills by mental until they are freed from the ~onomic .handicap under which sugge tion. Hi formula wa. , " I am getting better and better in they are now laboring; until they are able to sell theit· com­ every way every day." Reduced to its last analysis, his theory modities at prices that will not only return the cost of pro!. was that by believing that we had no bodily ills, we would ipso duction, but afford a reasonable profit; until tllev can balance facto get rid of all physical infirmities, a doctrine especially their budget and at the end of the year ._how an income in excess appealing and full of comfort to those whose nilments were of of their expenditures ; until the spread between what they re­ a chronic, malignant, or incurable character. On agricultural ceive for their commodities and what they pay for their sup­ que~tions President Coolidge has seemingly accepted the Coue plies is materially reduced; until they have equality of oppor­ method of treatment, becau ·e he has for nearly three years, in tunit~· with other vocational groups. season and out of season. told the American farmers, in sub­ May I say, as I have frequently said on fhe floor of this stance, that every day and in every way the condition of agri­ House, that the American farmer asks no special favors and culture was improving. And on some occa. ions he has gone so begs no bounty at the hand ·of the Government, but he does far as to state, in substance, that American agriculture had demand equal opportunity and a seat at the table around which emerged from the slough of despondency and was on the high the economic policies of this Nation are determined ; he de­ road to prosperity. The President has been giving the Ameri­ mands freedom from the discriminatory legi lation that has in can farmers absent treatments. He has at no time suggested a the pa t imposed on him tremendous bmden , and he does de­ ·legislative program that will materially and permanently aid mand that the administration and Congress have and take as .the American farmer, remove the economic handicaps under much interest in his welfare as the Pre ident and Congres take which agriculture has labored so long, or afford agriculture in men engaged in other occupations. [Applause.] equality of opportunity with other occupations. 'Yho will claim or uccessfully maintain that agriculture has Mr. Coolidge has never understood the psychology of the had an equal chance with other occupations in the race for midwestern farmers. He has never appreciated. or perhaps, I gain? Who will claim tba t this Government has been as fair should say, has never realized the gravity of their economic and as just to, and a · considerate of, agriculture as of other condition. Those of the President's Cabinet officers who are occupations? clo..:est to him are the spokesmen of big business and the advo­ The CHAIRMAX. The time of the gentleman from Mi~souri cates of special privilege, and there bas been a well-organized has expired. and well-executed purpo..,e on the part of those who have his ~Ir. M.AGEE of New York. l\lr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes ear to keep from him full knowledge of the desperate plight of to the gentleman from New York [Mr. L.aGuARDIA]. the farmers in the great l\Iissis ippi Yalley. I am sure if he The CH..llR.MAN. The gentleman from New York i recog­ actually knew and realized the situation his attitude toward nized for 10 minutes. remedial legislation would be quickly and radically reversed. 1\Ir. L.AGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ Unfortunately the President has listened to and followed the mittee, now that we are discussing appropriation for the De­ advice of men woefully igno1·ant of the actual conditions which partment of Agriculture amounting to $126,770,805, I think it have prevailed among farmers, especially in the Midwest, for the proper time to discuss this bill from the consumers' side. the last five years, and which have practically brought the I do not believe anyone from the industrial centers or from great basic industry of agriculture dangerously close to in­ the cities will begrudge any amount of money appropriated for solvency. There was a time when President Coolidge had in the benefit of the farmer. In fact those of us who under tand his Cabinet a real, honest-to-God friend of the American conditions are in favor and strongly in favor of giving real farmers. I refer to Henry Wallace, the Secretary of Agricul­ ture. He was not of my political faith, but I pau e here and substantial help to the farmer. ·we want to protect the farmer now long enough to pay to him, though now dead, a deserved to the fullest extent. We want to ee the farmer protected tribute on account of his devotion to the interests of American against exploitation. 1!,or we realize that as the farmer is agriculture. As a result of his long study of and practical ex­ being exploited so are the consumers. The protection of the perience in agriculture he knew actual conditions and could farmer means more and cheaper food for the cities. The probably analyze and appraise suggested remedies better than farmer is not getting his share or even au honest fair share any other man in the United States. But unfortunately his of the prices which we in the city pay for farm products. I wise counsel and admonition to the President fell on deaf ears, have no criticLm to make of the Department of Agriculture's the President preferring to accept and act on the advice of technical work. I believe it is the finest and best department swivel-chair agriculturists who have only a theoretical knowl­ of our Government. I have so much confidence in the Depart­ edge of agricultural conditions, and who, deep. down in their ment of Agriculture that I have repeatedly stated on this floor souls, are not in sympathy with the agricultural classes. my willingness to turn over the great nitrate plant at Muscle After the death of l\1r. Wallace the President selected :L\Ir. Shoals to that department. Scientific men, the technical men, Jardine as Secretary of Agriculture. ·with all due respect to the experts and the specialists in the Department of Agricul­ the present Secretary of Agriculture, I can not forget that in ture are all right. There are, I am sorry to say though, some 11)24, when Democratic and Republican Congressmen and Sen­ fakers in that department. 1\Ien who sit on swivel chairs who ators from the West were trying to secure the enactment of never go on the farm and who try to tell the farmer all about some farm relief legislation, l\Ir. Jardine was the most out­ it. Por these men I have no regard. You know these fellows spoken and aggressive opponent and most uncompromising foe are like the dolled up soldiers with high rank who sit miles of any and all forms of farm relief legislation. away and tell the boys in the trenches how it .·bould be done, He is an uln·aconservative and a pronounced reactionary. and afterwards you hear them talk about how they won the He was not then and he is not now in harmony with the great war. agricultm·al West, and he has never supported the program of Now, it is not unreasonable to expect that the Department the great Amel'ican farm organizations in their effort to restore of Agriculture should render some services to the consumers. the balance between agdculture and other gainful occupations. ·when there is an overproduction of any crop it seems to me He has never spoken for the American fa1·mers, and, no matter that the Department of Agriculture in some way should be able what his motives might have been, his attitude of hostility and to see that this crop gets to the cities and the consumers obtain opposition to farm relief legislation has worked irreparable the advantage of low prices instead of permitting it to rot injury to American agriculture. 1\iy memory is reasonably on the ground. Such a situation may seem a little far-fetched, good, and if it now serves me right, Mr. Jardine's attitude on but it happens every season. If potatoes are abundant and agricultural relief legislation was ignored and repudiated by they are permitted to rot on the fields the poor farmer gets the farmers of the Nation and by all the Members of the Kansas nothing out of it. Yet prices are kept high in the city. Does delegation on the floor of this House, speaking as I now recall the farmer who produces the potatoes and who suffered the through the honorable gentleman representing the seventh Kan­ los es because they are so plentiful that he can not market sas district [Mr. TINCHER]. them get the benefit of the high prices caused by permitting a Since Mr. Jardine became Secretary of Agriculture he has portion of the crop to rot? Not at all. It is the speculator, the been traveling over the country malting addresses to the Ameri­ middleman, the food manipulator, the price fixers that get the ltan farmers, and the burden of his song has been that the farm­ benefit. 'f'he poor farmer is told not to market his potatoes, ers are in good financial condition and on the highway to un­ that he can not get the price, and he lets his potatoes rot, and precedented prosperity. 1\Ir. Jardine is as blind as the beggar he is paid a low price fo1• what he does market. The city Bartimeus if he fails to see the deplorable condition of Ameri­ folks are told that the production is limited and up shoot-· can agriculture. the price. The consumer like .the poor farmer suffers the loss But the farmers of the West understand their situation much and the people who have the least to do with it reap the profits. better, may I say, than President Coolidge or Secretary Jardine. The same is true with many farm products and it hamlens The far~ers of Amel'ica know that agriculture is not prosper- every season. 1926 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 3053 A few months ago retail prices of meat in New York were J Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. I think that is for the gen­ jumped 10 and 12 cents a pound. P!"ices were really prohibi- tleman's own use. tive. Steaks were retailing for about 75 cents a pound; choice Mr. LAGUARDIA. Then the department wanted to aid in roast 75 to 85 cents a pound ; cheap cuts, such as stew meat, our fight against the high prices of meat, and they sent me this soup meat, chuck, brisket, and so forth, were retailing for 30, pamphlet, "Lamb and Mutton and Their Uses in the Diet." 35, and 40 cents a pound. Many of tht.> good women of my Never mind the diet, say we to the department; our appetites district and other districts came to me. We made a survey. are all right; we know all about lamb, but, as I told you the Our work became known, and several organizations became other day, 90 per cent of the people of New York City can not interested. We found that prices were jumped; meat was so afford to eat lamb chops. Why, I have right here with me high that the average mother really did not know what to do now-where is it? Oh, yes, here it is in my vest pocket [indi­ to feed her family. The retailers informed us that they were cating]-30 cents' worth of lamb. Here is one lamb chop helpless. They told us frankly that they were forced to pay [indicating] which is sold in New York City for 30 cents, and high prices and offered to open their books to us. Some of the they want to instruct us on the economical use of meat. papers in New York became interested in the situation and [Laughter.] Now, let me show you a steak. Here [exhibit­ gave us a great deal of help and encouragement. The Bronx ing] is $1.75 worth of steak. How much, I wonder, did Brother Home News and the New York Evening Journal got right back HUDSPETH 's cattle raisers get for that? of our fight against these aorbitant prices and gave us con- Mr. TIMBERLAKE. It looks like a pretty good steak. siderable help. Sure enough, one morning the packers, through Mr. LAGUARDIA. It is a pretty good steak. their New York representatives, came out with a statement that Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. How much does it weigh? meat was high, but that the packers were very sorry that they, Mr. LAGUARDIA. About 2 pounds and a half; it is selling· the packers, were absolutely innocent, because they were com- at 75 and 80 cents a pound. pelled to pay such high prices to the cattle raisers. Of course Now here is a roast [exhibiting], $3 worth of roast. What the people of New York City' are not easily fooled any more workingman's family can afford to pay $3 for a roast of about what the farmer or the cattle raisE·rs were paid. I have this size? What are we coming to? I believe it is high time been preaching the story for the past 10 years, and so ·pave that this matter of price fixing be stopped and a better system many others. Well, I got in touch with our colleagues here in of distribution created. the House who come from cattle-raising districts. I telegraphed According to a report of an investigation made by the our colleagues Mr. HUDSPJ:TH and Mr. MANSFIELD and Mr. Department of Agriculture-and this happens to be a good CoNNALLY, 1\ir. LANHAM, and Mr~ BLACK, all of Texas, and our report, and a useful one. If all the reports and the informa­ friends Mr. THOMAS and Mr. HASTINGS, of Oklahoma. Back tion were as valuable as this one, we certainly would not came the word that the cattle raisers were not getting any complain of waste of money. I have Department Bulletin increased prices, and I believe these gentlemen. Every one of 1317, issued June, 1925. Table 35 on page 65 shows us the them knows conditions, and we know from listening to them gross margin in retail meat trade in New York Oity. The year after year that the cattle raiser is not getting a squaro survey was taken in 1917: The gross margin represents the deal.. While we were. being fleeced by thE: exorbitant price.s 1n difference in the prices paid by retail butchers to the packers tl1e city the cattle raisers were being squeezed by low prices. and the price the retail butcher gets from the consumer. This I think that every Member of the House will agree that our gross margin varies in accordance to the size and sales of the colleagues who represent cattle-raisin_~ districts of this count~y store from 17.02 per cent to 19.51 per cent. In other words, are as fine, as competent, and as rellable men as ever sat m the margin between the price the New York retail butcher any legislative body in any part of the world. And when they pays for the meat and ells it is under 20 per cent For our say that the cattle raiser is not getting the prices and they tell purposes now let us as ume that it is 20 per cent. The price paid us what they are getting and when we in the city know what to the packer by the retail butcher includes of course the we are paying, we find such a large margin which compels us freight from Chicago or other packing centers to New York to complain and to seek a remedy. City. Now let us see bow much ~Ir. Packer pays for freight. While we were paying the high prices in New York labt Under date of January 15, 1920, the Interstate Commerce Com­ summer here are some of the prices the cattle raisers were mission sent me the rates as fixed in the case No. 14771, John ~ettlng. I have here in my hand an original invoice. This was Morrell & Co. et al. against New York Central Railroad et al., sent to me by our colleague Mr. MANSFIELD, of Texas. It covers and we find the rate on fresh meat to be 87 cents per hundred a sbip.went of 45 animals, 11 heads of cattle and 34 calves, pounds. So that is less than a cent a pound. Now, gentle­ having a total weight of 13,540 pounds. Now, remembering men it is not necessary to be a financial wizard or to have a what we were paying for meat at this time in New York City, computing machine to see that there is a big difference be- listen to these prices; the invoice is dated September 6. tween the 2¥.!, 3¥.!, or 5% cents a pound paid to the cattle Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. What year? raiser and the 75 and 80 cents paid by the consumer. Oh, Mr. LAGUARDIA. 1925; last summer, when we were fight- yes, I anticipate what some gentleman will say, that the city tng the high prices of meat. Now, listen, 9 calves brought does not get steer meat, but gets fed cattle. All right, let us 2~ cents a ound; 16 calves brought 6 cents a pound; 7 calves, take the highest price paid to the cattle raisers; let us assume 3 cents a 1 Amd; 2 bulls, 2% cents; 2 bulls, 2% cents; 3 cows be is paid 15 cents a pound on tb:e ,hoof, that should give us brought but 1% cents a pound; 1 heifer and 2 calves, 2~ meat retail in New York for 40 or 50 cents choice cuts a cents a pound; and 3 steers, 814 cents a pound. The total pound, and 12 cents for the second cuts. And 12 cents is a 18,540 pounds brought this raiser $580.14, out of which the fancy price for cattle on the hoof. Why, we could use enor­ railroad took $80.30 for freight, $12.85 yardage, $1 bay, and mons quantities of steer meat in New York City for soup the cattle raiser bad to pay 15 cents insurance and $18 commis- meat. Stew meats, we could use hundreds of thousands of sion, a total of $111.80, leaving him $468.34. And right here is pounds a day and if we take the price which the cattle raisers the original invoice. are getting, if we take the packers' own figures as to their Now, when we were convinced, or rather when we had docu- profits, we could have meat in New York City for our purposes mentary proof that the cattle raisers were not getting it and for 10 and 12 cents a pound. And if we take the packers' own we were paying for it, and with the statement of the packers figures the cattle raiser could get double the amount which and their refusal, or rather let us say their declaration, that he received on the invoice I ju t read. they could not Jower prices, I sought the aid of the Depart- I want to anticipate something else. It may be stated here, ment of Agriculture. I wrote them fully in the matter. as the packers very often state, that the choice-cuts percentage J. wanted a survey of the prices. I wanted an official con- in a steer is so small as to make the price very high. Now here firmation of the facts and data that we had ascertained, and are the packers' own calculations. I am reading from a pam­ instead of help the department sent me a bulletin. This is the phlet issued by Armour & Co. in October, 1924, endUed " Ten help I got. I hold it here in my hand, a bulletin entitled "The Questions About Meat." In an average live steer of 1,000 Economical Use of Meat in the Home." [Laughter.] That is pounds there are 350 pounds of inedible parts, such as hide, what we got out of our $100,000,000 Department of Agricul- hoofs, horns, blood, and viscera. The hide they admit brings ture. Let me tell you gentlemen that the good housewives of in its own cost. They will not say exactly that the rest of the New York do not need any advice from the department in inedible parts is a dead loss, but they would like to leave that Washi:agton on the economical use of meat. They ·have been 1mpression. .As a matter of fact, we 1.--now that the hoofs and trained in the hard school of high prices, and they know how the horns are used and even the intestines are used for sausage to use meat economically. If we are spending any money to casings. Why, even the blood is used. Perhaps some of you teach the women of the city on economical use of meat, let us may not know, but this blood can be used for many commercial stop it right now. Let us spend the money to investigate, to pm·poses, even for making buttons. There is a profit in these find out, who is exploiting the farmer and trimming the by-products. At least, and this is treating the packer gener­ consumer. ously, the inedible parts pay for themselves. Five hundred 3054 CONGRESSION.A_L RECORD-HOUSE pounds of this typical steer comprises chuck, round, plate, I Now, gentlemen, we simply Lave to eat. \Ye have formed brisket, shank, heart, liver, and kidneys. The~e are known as I that habit, whether it is a good or a bad habit I need not the cheaper cuts, and let me tell you right now that they con- discuss. We want the people in the city to li-re up to the stitute the meat food of the greater proportion of the people American standard. That standard is ea ily definable, and it of the big cities. These parts or thi. 500 pounds brings in a indij.des good and sufficient nouri..., hment. I remember when profit. Again, I repeat, if we take the packers' own figures of I wa a kid out in Arizona. We enjoyed au American break­ his profits, plus freight rate. which we have authentic, plus fa ·t-ham and eggs, bread and butter. Those are luxurie · in retail profit, we would still be able to buy meat in Kew York New York City to-day. The American breakfast has almost City for 40 per cent le s than what we are paying for it. We disappeared. If we continue along the e lines, we will not are willing to divide this 40 per cent with the cattle rai er, if only be on the meatles::; diet of the Ru. ian peasant but we will we only were sure that he would get it. Then there is the 150 soon go on the rice diet of the Chinese coolie. pounds of choice cuts left in the animal, but I will not go into I want the consumer and the producers to get together. Let that any more, as I haye already given you an idea of the prices. us stop this talk about the city Representative. b ing for tlle Our friend the other day, the gentleman from Texas, sug- city folks only. We have everything in common. The old ge. ted a tariff on hide . method of keeping the producers and the con umer. apart and l\Ir. HUDSPETH. The gentleman from Texas is against the making. them believe that tlleir interest conflicted ha · resu1terl tariff on hides, did the gentleman say? in the present system, which permits the middlemen, who do l\1r. LAGUARDIA. No; you want a tariff on hides. the lea ·t, to get the mo~t. We realize that the prouucei:S are Mr. HUDSPETH. Certainly I do, but the gentlemen on that not getting a fair proportion of that which tlley are producing, side do not. while prices paid uy the conf'lilllers, if it reached the producers, Mr. LAGUARDIA. Well, I was going to say, and I am glad would solve all their trouble . I will support any measur0 the gentleman is here, that taking the packers' own figures which will bring about a better distribution of food, a more again, a tariff on hides ought to reduce the price of meat, and equitable system of price apportionment, and a greater H1Pl1ly I am willing to vote for that if it ·will help tlle cattle raisers of food to the citie . Is not it sh·ange that we hear right on in the gentleman's di trict. After all, we may be able to go the Jloor of thi Hou ~e talk of OYerproduction of food, and y t barefooted, but we can not go hungry. prices are so exorbitant that the consumers can not buy all they Mr. HUDSPETH. I ""ill state to the gentleman, if the gen- need? Unless something i · done, I will ay that the people tleman will permit me, that if tlle gentleman will Tote for a of New York will stop eating meat. It will be no difficulty at tariff on hides it will reduce the price of meat because it would all to arrange a city-wide meat ~ trike in 24 hours. Civie increa e the production of beef in this country, beyond any organizations, community councils, tenant organization.., , social question. center ·, church clubs-all -would respond and cooperate. And Mr. LAGUAHDIA. As I said, we can go barefooted, but we I will say right now any time that our friend::; the t'nttle raisrr~ can Hot go hungry. want us to do it we are ready to go allead. We want to ·top Mr. HUDSPETH. I agree with the gentleman. this exploitation. "'"e want a readjustment of the pt;esent 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I can not see the justification for the sy tern, and we want to re tore the .American bren.kfa t to the exorbitant prices for meat in my city. children of this age. [Applau ·e.] Mr. HUDSPETH. Will the gentleman yield right there? Mr. BUCHANAN". :Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minute to the Mr. LAGUARDIA. Yes. gentleman from Georgia [:\fr. LAXKFORD]. Mr. HUDSPETH. The gentleman certainly would not charge l\Ir. LA..l'{KFORD. :\lr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com- that up to the producers? When I market a 1,000-pound steer mittee, I desire to u. e the time allotted to me in a furthe1: that nets me $40, from which you can cut 300 round steaks, di~cus ion of the bill which has been introduced to take from sf'Uing in your city, according to your telegram to me, from Congre s the right to determine the location nntl construction 5'5 to 75 cents, and make that steer bring $150 to $200, the of Federal buildings throughout the country. To my miml g~ntleman certainly would not cllarge that up to the producer. this is the mot vicious bill brought before Congrf'ss since I Mr. LAGUARDIA. No, indeed; I am trying to speak for have been in Congress, and I very much hope that it will not tlle cattle 1·aiser as much n I am for the consumer, because I come up under a suspension of the rules, or under any other know they are not getting anything near the prices we are arrangement whereby debate will be limited. compelled to pay. The proponents of this bill can not stand on this floor aml 1\lr. HUDSPETH. I am glad to hear the gentleman's voice defend it. The proponents of this bill can not tand here and l'aL·ed in behalf of the cattleman, because he certainly needs it. let people opposed to the bill question them concerning their Mr. LAGUARDIA. I will say to the gentleman that just attitude on the bill and answer those que. tions in a respon­ before he came in I read a bill of lading which was sent to sive way. This bill provides for things which the people of me uy our colleague [Mr. lliNSFIELD], and I was telling the America can not afford to stand for. The other day, while Hou.:e Of our communications last summer and the valuable the gentleman from New York [l\Ir. MAGEE] was on the floor, as.Jstance which the consumers from New York received from I asked him two short questions concerning his attitude on the gentleman from Texas [Mr. HUDSPETH]. this bill. I now wish to read the question I a ked the gentle- Why, gentlemen, last swnmer I was on the verge of calling man and the answers he gave to me for the purpose of showing a meat strike in New York City. We thought that would bring that he could not afford to reply to my questions and an ·wer results. And the best proof that the retailers were up against them. Of course, the gentleman was courteous, and in a way, it at that time was that they told us that perhaps it would do talked back at me, but what I mean is he did not answer the some good. They said they would close their stores if the questions which I propounded to him. women of New York went on a meat sh·ike. Ko ·her meat is The question first asked by me, and the an. wer, wa. · as from 10 to 12 cents a pound more expensive than the regular follows : meat. That is because livestock is shipped to New Yo1·k for Mr. La~KFORD. Mr. Cbairlll':ln, reserving the right to object, I tliat market. The retail kosher butchers actually showed mem­ would like to ask the gentleman a question. Whom does the gl.'ntle­ bers of our committee their books and told us that they could man think best qualified to determine what is really needed at S;n:a­ not stand the high plices they had to pay for meat. Now, cu c, the gentleman hinr~elf or some one acting for tbe Po tm:l tcr gentlemen, I am sure that the cattle raiser did not get any­ General, or the Secretary of the Treasury? thing like the prices for the livestock which was paid by Mr. MAGEE of New York. In my opinion the Postmaster Gen(•r:tl these retail kosher butchers on the Jersey side of the Hudson is the one who is best informed to determine what postal facilitie. River. We consume in New York City about 850 carloads of he nl'eds in the city of Syracuse to render efficient public service. livestock and about 500 carloads of dressed meat a week, and that does not include, of course, poultry and canned meat. He does not say that the Postmaster General know · more "'hat are we going to do? ".e simply can not bear these high about what is needed in the city of Syracuse than he know ·. prices any longer, and we simply protest when we know that He does not want to mnke thnt admission. I unde1·stand why the producers are not getting these prices or anything like them. he does not want to make it. He does not want to admit l\lr. HUDSPETH. 'Yill the gentleman yield? that the Postmaster General knows more about the situation Mr. LAGUARDIA. Yes. tllan he knows. He does not want to take the other side and Mr. HUDSPETH. The man who kills his own .beef charges say that he, Mr. l\IAGEE, knows more, for if b(' does the next from 15 to 20 cents a pound for what the packer would sell question would be. " if you koow more as to what the people for 75 cents a pound. need than anyone else, why do you want to pa ~· on to some 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Oh, yes; and the packer will refer you one else who does not know, the right to determine thi:i to all sorts of statiRtic." aud figures to show y.-ou. how he is question?" only making a fraction of a cent a · pound. It i ali. ~' bunk." The nat question .J asked . the gentle-man the ot11er day and [Laughter.] the ans.wer thereto was as foll()WS: 1926 COKGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOlTSE 3055 Mr. LANKFORD. Dot>s the gentleman think the Po tmaster General according to the last census, had 172 people in it. Then the woultl come to his town and look this situation <>ver? other day the gentleman followed that np with three more Mr. MAGEE of New York. I think the Postmaster General knows bills, and the total population of those three towns was about what the needs of his department are. 900. I ask the gentleman as a Member of this Congress if he The only answer he could possibly have given to that, if he thinks that is exercising good business judgment? had given me an an. wer that was responsive to the question, Mr. LANKFORD. That was under a census taken years would have been no, that the Postmaster General would not ago. Their population and postal receipts are much larger go there, and not only would the Postmaster General not go now and are growing. I would say that I introduced a good there. but neither would the Second, nor the Third, nor the many of those bills, hoping to get a program inaugurated to Fourth, nor the Fifth Assistant Postmaster General _ He re­ build buildings in the smaller towns. sponded by saying that he thought the Postmaster General Mr. BURTNESS. l\1r. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? knows what the needs of his department are. The great trouble Mr. LAl\l]{FORD. I can not yield further. I want to dis­ with that is that when you pass this right on to the Postmaster cuss the bill and my time is very limited. General, the Po tmaster General will not know. The Post­ Mr. BURT~~SS. I just want to know whether introducing master General of his own knowledge does not know what is the bills is good business judgment or building the building? going on in the Post Office Department now, and he can not l\Ir. LANKFORD. Yes; I hope that the committee will know, except through the knowledge of others under him. retain some judgment of its own, but it is trying to die so Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman knows the needs of his dead now that no number of bills can ever be passed on, it own district, does he not? does not make any difference how meritorious those bills :Mr. LANKFORD. Yes. may be. Mr. LAGUARDIA. How many bills has the gentleman in­ l\!r. ELLIOTT. I say right now that the committee has troduced for public buildings in his district? enough business judgment not to pass favorably that sort of Mr. LAl\"'KFORD. I have introduced several bills for public a proposition. buildings in my district. Mr. LANKFORD. Surely the gentleman does not wish to pre­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. About 24, is it not? judge any proposition before a full bearing is had. I would Mr. LANKFORD. Pos ibly 24. I would be glad to state my expect the committee to use its judgment in passing on not po ition on that. I propose that there should be some scheme only my bills but also in pas.jng on the bill .. of all other Mem­ worked out to construct buildings in smaller towns. I realize bers. The thing that I am protesting is not the judgment that whenever the Public Buildings Committee gives np all of which the committee may exercise in passing on bills of )lnn­ it rights to make appropriations and then comes in here and bers of Congress, but is the committee passing its right to pass commits suicide by giving up its rights to authorize the selec­ on the e matters on to some bureau chief or other person not tion of sites and the construction of Federal buildings, that one elected by the people? gentle tap at their chamber door would not awaken them, nor I have introduced a large number of bills for the construc­ would 25, and if they surrendered this right, that committee tion of Federal bUildings in my di tl'ict. . At the time I intro­ will be so dead and have so little jurisdiction that a hundred duced the first of these bills I gave ont a statement to the bills would not get any response from it. papers of my section that it would be impossible to get all l\lr. SNELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield fo1· a or even a la1·ge number of these bills pa sed at this session. I short question?. further informed my people that if the present law, which Mr. LANKFORD. I can not further. Are we making the requires a postal receipt of $10,000 before a building can be mistake of coming to the point where we are going to appro­ constructed, is not repealed that I could not hope for many priate lump sums to the Postmaster General and to the Att..>r­ buildings in my district in some time. I would possibly get ney General and to all of the other departments? Are we cnm­ three or four in the .near future and a few more a little late.r. ing to the point when the Budget will say, "We want $5,000,- There are two things that I am fighting for. One ig for 000,000, you have nothing to do with it, but just push it out, building in the smaller towns. The other is for Congre._·s to you can go home the next day after you are sworn in ·t " We retain the right to make these selections and to make tl1ese are tending that way. Whether we will get there or not I do appropriations. not know, but we are going along the line of taking away from I very much fear that if the right to make these selections the people elected by the folks back home the privilege Lhe is passed on to the department heads and by them passed on to Constitution gives to us of legislating and passing this right on some other employees, then that day of securing buildings to people not elected. We say that we are willing to trust the for the smaller towns is gone. Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasm·y Why should not a city of $5,000 postal receipts have a build­ could not look into those things. The man appointed by the ing costing $25,000 and one with $7,500 have a building costing Secretary of the Trea ury will not do it, but some man five or $37,500, if a city of $10,000 postal receipts has a building cost­ six appointments removed from the Secretary of the Trea.s11ry ing $50,000? All the argument in favor of one proposition is will determine this question. equally sh·ong in favor of the other propositions. I would build a post-office building in towns where the postal The buildings should be standard and should be so constructed receipts are 5,000 or over, and I would build in that town a as to be easilY. added to as the city grows and as the postal post office al.Jout half as expensive as I would in a town where business demands. the postal receipt_ are $10,000. I would construct a building Our forefathers, ·by the Constitution, gave to Congress the which could be added to as the town grows. Many of these right to legislate, and I am not willing to now pas this Pa.l': propositions that I introduced here were for towns of $5,000 ticular function on to a branch of the executive. I want of postal receipts. I would build buildings in the smaller Congress to retain this right, because it is a dangerous thing cities in proportion to the postal receipts. for us to be giving too much power to bureaus; and, further­ l\Ir. SEARS of Florida. Doctor Work, when he was the more, I believe that Congress will give the smaller cities a Postmaster General, recommended that he thought it would fairer deal than they can get elsewhere. be wise for Congress to secure a site in every growing town Some say if the old plan of giving a few buildings to each where there was the possibility of a post-office building in city is followed now what we each get for our districts will the future, and thereby save the enormous cost of buying a be pork. Well, this bill provides for pork in bulk, to be dis­ site at some time after it becomes-valuable. tributed no one now knows where or to whom. If we are to 1\Ir. LA~"'KFORD. That is true; and let me say to the have pork, let us have it on the table and aboveboard, where gentleman from Florida that the suggestion of Doctor Work all can see and know what is happening. Let us not have it is good. Ofttimes, and, in fact, in most instances, in our sec­ under the table, with no one seeming t() know w.ho is to make tion of the country it would be economy on the part of the off with the pork. Members of Congress who favor this bill Government to buy sites for these Federal buildings in ad­ are afraid to admit that they are to be taken care of under its vance and before the land beco:mes too expensive. It would provisions, and yet they are afraid to admit that no one knows also be economy on the part of the Government to build Fed­ who is to get the pork.. If pork. is to be divided, let us divide eral buildings in the smaller cities, keeping in view, of course1 it fairly with all concerned present and not secretly and in at all times the needs' of the town and the postal receipts of the dark by some one not elected by the people. The President the particular town. can not divide this pork with all the facts before him. The Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? members of his Cabinet can not, except on the statements of Mr. LA~"'KFORD. Yes. some appointees of theirs. The able and efficient Supervising Mr. ELLIOTT. I understand from the clerk of the com­ Architect can not do so. Then why not let Congress exercise ~ t s mittee that the gentleman has introduced up to this time 24 prerogative under the Constitution and function in the "elec­ public building bills for his district. The clerk tells me that tion of these sites and in tlle authorization and construction of the gentleman introduced one the other day for a town which, these buildings? 3056 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANU.dRY 30 Mr. MAGEE of New I'ork. Mr. Chairman, I do not agree Mr. MAGEE of New York. And the Committee on Appro­ at all with the view that under the provisions of this public priations would have a hearing on each item. Take this bill, building bill the legislative branch of the Government surren­ the item for eradication of tuberculosis in cattle, the Budget ders any of itS power to the executive branch of the Govern­ cut the indemnity item $560,000. The committee has recom­ ment. As I understand, the main purpose of the bill, and prac­ mended not only the restoration of the cut, but increased the tically all that the bill does, is to bring public-building items item $550,000, making $200,000 immediately available. Take within the provisions of the Budget system. To-day all public­ another item in this bill, where there was recommended to the building items are under the provisions of the Budget system, Committee on Appropriations an amount of $3~i,600 for the pur­ as we know, where the expenditure in any one case for remodel­ chase and distribution through Members of new and rare ·eed, ing a building or repairing a building does not exceed $20,000, such as grim alfalfa and soy beans. The subcommittee recom­ and the Committee on Appropriations passes upon each item mends that item be cut out entirely. In other words, under the of expenditure. It has been stated on the floor, as I unuer­ Budget system, and I am a strong belieyer in the Budget sys­ stand, that under the provisions of this bill a lump sum will tem, as I thinl{ it saves a great deal of money to the taxpayers be given to an executive officer to do with as he pleases. That annually, items come to us to act upon according to our judg­ is not my understanding of the bill. If this bill should pass, ment, and we take each item separately. We can reject the the result would be that it would bring all public-building item, modify the item, accept the item, or substitute an item. item , including those in excess of $20,000 in any particular l\1r. LA1\1KFORD. "'ill the gentleman yield? case, within the provi ions of the Budget system. 'l'he execu­ Mr. MAGEE of N'ew York. I will. tive officers would submit their recommendations, I a sume in 1\Ir. LAl\TKFORD. Would not the Secretary o£ the Treasury the form of estimates, to the Committee on Appropriations of and Postmaster General, however, w1der this bill if enacted into the House. law have a right to select a post-office site and contract for the 1Hr. MADDEN. I think probably that is not the exact situa­ construction of the building 'l tion. I think what the bill proposes is that the Secretary of l\Ir. MAGEE of New York. I do not think the Postmaster the Treasury shall be charged with the responsibility of recom­ General can force a site on Congress. He may recommend a mending a particular place at which a building shall be erected place and we may approve or reject it. In other words, my at the time, and that will go to the Committee on Appropria­ contention is that all this bill does, and I think it is one of the tions. Is that right? greatest reform.s that we can possibly bring about, is to bring l\lr. MAGEE of -New York. That is what I say. Perhaps all these major public-buildings items within the provisions of the gentleman misunderstood me. the Budget system. l\lr. MADDEN'. I did. Mr. LANKFORD. Would not the Committee on Appropria­ :Mr. MAGEE of New York. In other words, the item comes tions be in the attitude of having to reject or approve an item to the Committee on Appropriations as an individual item submitted by the Postmaster General and the Secretary of the upon which there would be hearings just as we hold hearings Treasury in selecting a site and providing for a building under on every other item submitted within the .;provisions of the authority of law? Would it not have to be determined? And Budget system. l\Iy contention under this bill is that the Com­ if it were decided that it should not be done, you would have mittee on Appropriations of the House would have power to to turn down the appropriation? accept an item, reject an item, modify an item, or even substi­ Mr. MAGEE of New York. Oh, we are constantly turning tute an item, subject to the approval of the House. down items now. For instance, we might receive a recom­ llr. SEARS of Florida. Will the gentleman yield? mendation to appropriate $100,000 for a quarantine station Mr. l\IAGEE of New I'ork. I will. somewhere. We might turn it down. We turn down these l\Ir. SEARS of Florida. Admitting the Director of the recommendations often in committee. The e recommendations Budget should make an adYerse report, as has been the case for public buildings would come to the Committee on Appro­ many times, would the Committee on Appropriations, regard­ priations. That committee has jurisdiction of the subject lea· of that report, if one of his colleagues should convince the matter, and the items would appear in the Treasury Depart­ committee that there should be a building, go over the Director ment appropriation bill. You will find, I think, that the pro­ of the Budget? I found it very hard to go over him on the posed program will work out equitably and satisfactorily, and Key West propo ition, where he recommended some future I feel that you will all be pleased with the public-building pro­ date, some future time. gram, which this bill provides for. :Mr. MAGEE of Kew York. Is that in reference to the Mr. Chairman. I yield 15 minutes to the gentleman from item-- Michigan [Mr. KETCHAM]. Mr. SEARS of Florida. Simply u. recommendation. The CHAIRllA.N. The gentleman from Michigan is recog­ Mr. MAGEE of New York. For an appropriation of $10,000? nized for 15 minutes. 1\lr. SEARS of Florida. Twenty thousand dollars. I sim- Mr. KETCHAM. Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ ply call attention to the condition as it exists. That was for mittee, in the short time allotted me in connection with the completing, or partially completing, the ubmarine basin at debate on this important appropriation bill, I desire to call Key ·west. I am not complaining about that. My colleague attention to i:I. R. 8118, introduced by myself, which has for here agreed to it, and it was finally gotten in the bill, regard­ its purpose the imposition of more stringent regulations upon les · of the report of the director ; but the point I am making the importation of unadapted foreign-grown alfalfa and red­ is, should the Director of the Budget make an adverse repo1·t clover seed. where it happens that they are clearly entitled to a build­ A similar bill has been introduced in the Senate by Senator illg-- GooDING, of Idaho, and hearings are to be held before the Mr. MAGEE of New York. No adverse report comes to the Senate Committee on Agriculture in the near future. H. R. Committee on Appropriations. 8118 has been referred to the Committee on Inter tate and 1\Ir. SEARS of Florida. But suppose he should make an Foreign Commerce, and assurances have been given that hear­ adverse report-- ings will be held likewise by this commitee at the earliest :Mr. MAGEE of New York. The question here is whether pos ible date. · you have confidence in the members of the Committee on Ap­ Briefly, the bill amends the seed importation act of 1912 by propriations of the House to act justly and fairly in the proYiding for the dyeing or staining of imported alfalfa and premises. red-clover seed in such a manner as to indicate the country or Mr. SEARS of Florida. Will the gentleman yield again? region of origin. It fm·tber provides that when the Secretary 1\Ir. MAGEE of New York. Certainly. of Agriculture, after public hearings have been accorded in­ Mr. SEARS of Florida. I have no complaint of the Com­ terested parties, shall determine that red-clover or alfalfa eed mittee on Appropriations. They have been very fair to me, more from any country or region is not adapted for general agri­ than kind. I am not criticizing the Committee on Appropria­ cultural use in the United States, he shall publish such de­ tions, and I have absolute confidence in them; but the point termination, and after three months thereafter at leaRt 10 per I am making is, if the Director of the Budget makes an ad­ cent of the seed in each bag or package of such seed hall be verse report, it is practically impossible to go over him. stained a red color in order that it may be quickly identified l\Ir. l\fAGEE of New York. That doe not come to the Com­ by the purchaser. mittee on Appropriations. In order to give you a little idea of what I have in mind, I Mr. SEARS of Florida. The gentleman from Illinois [l\lr. 'JJold in my hand some samples of alfalfa and red-clover seed. 1\I..o\DDEN] said, if the gentleman from Illinois will listen, that If I were to take these two samples of alfalfa and pas:,: them the Director of the Budget would submit a report. out, all of you would be able to recognize about 1 stained .. eed Mr. MADDEN. I did not say anything about the Director out of every 100 individual seeds. In this case they are col­ of the Budget; I said the bill provides that the Secretary of ored red in order to identify the country of origin, and in this the 'l'reasury shall indicate where the buildings are to go. other case they are colored green to identify another country 1926 CON GRESS! ON .A.L RECORD-HOUSE 3057 of origin. If I were to let you examine the e three samples of l\Ir. COLTO~. I understand the gentleman is using the eed:~ you would find these two arranged similarly, with 1 per worcls " red clover ". and " alfalfa " a in the same class? cPnt of the seed "ithout damage to them in any '\\ay, colored :lir. KETCHA:\f. Yes. I am doing that purposely. I in- red in order that the cquntry of origin might be identified; tend later on to deal with the subject of alfalfa eparately. and then likewise 1 out of every 100 colored green, so that the l\Ir. BRIGHA~f. l\Ir. Chairman, will the' gentleman yield? country of _origin might be apparent. Mr. KETCHAM. Yes. .. Mr. HERSEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. · RUTHERFORD. Is alsike clover also imported? Mr. KETCH.lll. In a moment. Another sample of seed is Mr. KETCHAM. I do not know about the importation of 10 per cent colored in accordance with the suggestion that if al ike. But this has no bearing on that. the Secretary of Agriculture should advise that seed was wholly unadaptable to our use here, after examination, this It is a well-known fact that in the past by far the larger part ot would indicate to the purchaser the fact that the eed was not the red-clover seed imported into this country came from these sources, adaptable anywhere in the united States. but with the publicity which has been given the results secured from Mr. HERSEY. Do I under tand that the green comes from the Italian seed there bas been a marked decrease in the importation Ireland and the red from Russia and the yellow from some of direct from Italy, though in seasons of seed shortage we are probably the Mongolian countries? getting as great a proportion of this seed as formerly. The early tests Mr. KETCIIAM. That might be true. The sugge 'tion of indicat-ed that seed from northern Europe gave fair results in many green a coming from Ireland would be a very happy one. parts of this country, and we are now getting considerable quantities The importance of this legislation is indicated by the fact of seed from northern Europe. But northern Europe has no seed to that large importations of red-clover Eeed particularly reach export and in fact must secure considerable quantities from France. the United State. from foreign countries each year, and that a The eed from southern France and Italy has been shown to be but large percentage of such imported seed is unadapted to the little better for planting in northern Europe than in the United States. climatic conditions that prevail in the principal clover-produc­ The conclusions reached after this comprehen ive eries of ing ections of the United States, and therefore the crop kills experiments are summarized as follows: out during the first winter and cau es not only a substantial 1. That the average commercial shipment of imported red­ loss in the money originally expended for seed but aL~o the clover seed is entirely unsafe to plant in the central corn and loss of one year's crop on the land ~ eeded. The normal red­ clover belt plantings made with such seed winter killing almost clover seed consumption in the United States is given at entirely whel! grown under conclitions not injurious to domestic lOU.OOO,OOO pounds, or 50,000 tons. Our normal production is clover. 85.000,000 pounds, or 42,500 tons. Our importations during 2. That from 30 to 40 per cent of the red clover offered in the the la t six years-1919 to 1924 inclu ive-were more than Central State. is imported seed or mixture containing so much 72,000,000 pound , or 36,000 tons, an ayerage of 6,000 ton per imported seed as to greatly reduce the value of such seed for year, 63 per cent of which came from France, 15% per cent planting. fr m Italy, and the remainder from England, Germany, Chile, 3. That imported seed or blends of imported-domestic seed is Canada, and other countries. With reference to clover seed almost always misrepresented and falsely labeled, being sold im rted from England and Germany it is stated that the as domestic seed. bulk of the red-clover seed imported from the e two countries In the hearings that we hope to bold upon the bill the i: not produced there, but is re hipped from some other pro­ details of the experiments from which the e conclusions '\\ere ducing section. reached will be recorded at greater length ; but in view of the The principal red-dover-producing States are grouped into fact that Iowa is one of the leading States in the production three classes: Fir. t, tho e in which red clover winter kills of clover, and also one in which loss by winter killing is the most r(:>adily, namely, Minnesota, Iowa, New York; second, greatest, this statement a to the adaptability of most foreign­ those States in which plant di ease i a more important feature grown seed will have unusual weight. than '\\inter killing, namely, Maryland, Virginia, and Tennes- The situation with reference to the importation of alfalfa ee; thil·d, the group of States where neither winter killing seed is similar in many re.-·pects. In 1925 we produced 48,000,- nor disea..,e are extreme, namely, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, 000 pounds, or 24,000 tons, of alfalfa seed, whereas our normal Penn:-:ylvania. seed requirements are 4.-0,000,000 pounds, or 20,000 tons. It is In order to determine the adaptability of foreign seed, the e timated that there will be a carry over for eed purpose. of Department of Agriculture, together with the experiment sta­ 4,000,000 pounds. The alfalfa-seed problem is different from tion~ throughout the Corn Belt, have been conducting a series the red-clover-. eed problem in this particular, that 0ur domestic of experiments in recent year to determine the yields of clover upply is more than . ufficient for our seed requirements, and alfalfa from seed from various foreign countries as affected whereas in red clover, due to the shortage of production in by various local conditions, principally that of climate. These 1925, importations will be nece~sary. experiments have not covered a long enough period to enable The experiment stations have likewise made number of ex­ definite and positive statements to be made in connection with periments to determine the adaptability of alfalfa eed, and the every importation due to the fact that the seasons them elves conclu ions reached are in most instances similar to those are variable and different results naturally follow the making arrived at in connection with the experiments with red-dover of the:e experiments in succeeding years. Some general con­ seed. Mo t of the imported seed has proven very susceptible clusions, however, have been made rea onably clear. The fir t to cold, the crop dying out almo.st entil·ely during the first i. that native-grown seed locally adapted is more resistant to winter and tbinning out very perceptibly as far south as the winter killing than any foreign clover seed thus far tested, experiment station at Manhattan, Kans. Occasional lots of and it has been made clear that where severe winter conditions imported seed have been fQund to be as cold re istant as that prevail the only . afe course i to use American-grown adapted adapted to the climate of Kansas. The lo s of the seeding of S(:>ed. Another conclusion that has been reached is that in the alfalfa is a more erious one than that of the seeding of clover, clover-prodncing section. where anthracnose is a dominant because when once seeded it continues for many years if given factor in the failure of the clover crop di ease-resistant strains reasonable care and attention. of seed should be used, if pof';sible, and where it can not be A concerted movement is under way by farm organizations, obtained, locally adapted seed rather than that which is im­ seed houses, and scientific organizations to call this matter to ported or even that which comes from sections where the plant the attention of the people of the United States particularly i a hardier one should be used. interested in the growing of these two crop , and, if po sible, One of the mo t careful tudies in regard to imported clover to prevent by legislation the great loss that occurs each year seed bas been conducted by the Iowa Experiment Station. I through a lack of under tanding of the adaptability of foreign­ quote from a statement recently prepared upon the subject by grown seed. Prof. H. D. Hughes, chief of farm crops at the Iowa Experiment The American Farm Bureau Federation, at it last meeting in Station: Chicago, adopted a strong resolution upon the subject as fol­ The early tests indicated that the Italian seed was quite worthless lows: in practically all parts o! the red-clover-growing regions of the United We repeat our request to Congress to enact legi lation which will States, while later and more intensive tests definitely established this prevent the importation into the TJnited Stutes of nonadapted and fact. Practically the same statement can be made of seed secured from worthless Italian red-clover and alfalfa E>eed and of Argentinian, southern France. Arabian, South African, and other alfalfa seed from regions of mild :Mr. COLTON. :May I ask the gentleman if that is not also climates. true of alfalfa? We request a law which wm bestow authority upon the Secretary of Mr. KETCHA~I. It is true of alfalfa. The same tests that Agriculture, under proper regulations, to tain with some noninjurious have been carried on indicate the unadaptability of imported stain, all imported red-clonr and alfalfa S(ed, with the e~ception of seed, particularly that coming from countries where the lati­ Canadian grown, so that American farmers can definitely distinguish tude varies from that where our alfalfa is grown. it from domestic seed. 3058 COKGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 Likewise, the National Grange. at its recent session in Sacra­ Mr. J. W. Nicolson, one of the leaders in the movement for mento, ueclared in favor of legislation that would make it pos­ identification of imported seed, makes the following interesting sible to identify imported seed : statement and comparison : ReMI}lvea, That we urge Congress to pass such nece sary legislation French and Italian red clover, Argentine and French alfalfa consti­ as will force all imported seed to be stained and packages marked so tute the bulk of the imports of these varieties of seeds in recent years. that they may be easily recognized as a foreign prouuct before being Such eminent and impartial agricultural-research authorities as the allowed to enter channels of distribution in this country. University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin, the State agricul­ tural colleges of Iowa, Michigan, etc., ha>e dl tributed results of find­ The American Society of Agronomy, which is the leading ings which show in no uncertain terms the supreme desirability of our organization in the country dealing with the scientific phases of dome tic red clover and alfalfa in preference to the foreign sources agriculture, adopted the following resolutions on the subject at mentioned. On the other hand, our northern neighbcr, Canada, has for its last annual meeting in December, 1925: the first time (and probably this is a.n exception) produced a rather Wllereus carefully conducted investigations by members of this so­ large surplus of Ontario variegated alfalfa seed, a very desirable hardy ciety have shown that eeds from southern Europe, South America, and type of seed, which is available at rea onable prices. So we must not other foreign countries are often not adapted to use in the United unreasonably condemn all imported seeds, but when the available evi­ States; and dence shows conclusively the inferiority of all quantity supplies of red Whereas the substitution of such seeds for those of other o~igin clover and alfalfa, except those produced in Canada and our own coun­ which are suitable for use by American farmers by un crupulous seed try, should we not have import regulations requiring identifying marks? dealers is now often done, then•by causing heavy financial losses to Com~ending our i~igration law for the restrictions it puts u ers of such seed : Therefore be it up against the adm1s ·wn of undesirable aliens, l\Ir. Nicolson R es olved, That the American Society of Agronomy is heartily in says: favor of National and State legislation which will compel the coloring or otherwise labeling of such imported seed so that it can not be sub­ But is worthless, weak, unadapted seed from foreign countries subject stituted for other seed without the knowledge of the purchaser; and to any scrutiny or restrictive regulations? Have we any legislation Resolved, That the secretary of the society be requested to call this that will exclude or identify seed of undesirable origin subject to winter resolution to the attention of any and all appropriate commercial anu killing and susceptible to disease? No! ll'gislative organizations. • • • • • • • The most undesirable human immigrants usually indicate by their The United States Department of Agriculture, under date of degenerate or inferior appearance something of their true character, January 26, declares it is in sympathy with the general pur­ but most of this imported clover and alfalfa seed looks as pure, refined, poses of such legislation, and E=tates that a fayorable recom­ and beautiful as the most desirable seed stocks in our country. So our mendation of the legislation will be made by the department present seed l~gislation is about as effective in eliminating or resti1ct­ when the hearings are held. ing the entrance of undesirable seed aliens as though we had a law In addition to these representative statements the Federated forbidding entrance to the T:'nited States of those people who failed to Seed Senice, which comprLes the cooperative organization of wear a fairly presentable uit of clothes. most of the Corn Belt States engaged in the buying of seeds, • is earnestly supporting this legislation. l\Ir. Chairman, consultation with Doctor Kellerman, of the 1\Ir. Chairman, I trust that the importance of this legislation Bureau of Plant Industry, enables me to state to the committee will be readily determined by the brief statement I have sub­ that should this legislation be enacted no additional funds will mitted and by the unqualified indorsements gi'ren it by repre­ be required for its administration. sentati-re farm organizations and outstanding agricultural au- It can not be urged that the identiflcation of imported seed will be harmful if the seeds are adaptable. Such identifica­ thorities. Illu~trations of the economic importance of it are shown by tion will be a trade-mark and will make such seed even more the following figures, which haye been furnished me by the valuable. On the other hand, those farmers who are " price Department of Agriculture: buyers" would likewise benefit by this bill becau e it would doubtless make unadapted imported seed cheaper without chanu­ UXITED STATES DEP.l.RTME:-IT OF Ar.nrccLTURE, ing its quality. It will enable dealers and farmers to identify BL"R"EAU OF PI.ANT IKDUSTRY, the place of origin of the seed they sow. Washington, Janua1·y 29, 19~6. In view of the very general growth of alfalfa in the United lion. JOHN C. KETCH.DI, States and the importance of the red-clover crop in the northern House of ReJ)resen tati r:es. sec~ions, and in further view of the best intere, ts of both pro­ DE.AR l\IR. KETCH.AM: There is no accurate way of estimating the ducers and consumers of clover and alfalfa eed, I trust that this losses sustained from use of Italian red-clover seed. The following as­ legislation will reeei\e thoughtful and fa\orable consideration sumptions are as unfavorable to Italian seed as could be justified when it reaches the floor of the House. It can do no possible from our present information, and accordingly may be more extreme harm to any reputable seedsmen and will be a means of in­ than the actual conditions as influenced by weather factors: calculable good to the farmers who produce these two im­ Tb.e quantity of Italian retl-clover seed importej in the portant crops. No sectional or partisan lines can be drawn on fi~cal year 1024 was------Pounds__ 999,400 1. The price varied, but we may assume a wholesale the measure, and I am therefore hopeful that it will receive price of $30 per hundred, making the total value______$~!)9, 820 early and favorable consideration. 2. TI' e assume it was all own. at an average rate of 10 Mr. BUCHL~AN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 minutes to the pounds per acre and would seed ______acr~~-- 99, 940 3. We assume total failure, and also that if good seed had gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. FISHER]. been nsed 1 ton of bay at 15 would have been se­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Chairman, several days ago on this cured-e!'ltimated loss------1, 499, 100 floor there was a strong denunciation of the conduct of sev­ 4. The fertilizing value of a good clover stubble is not known exactly, but is at lea.~t $2 per acre, mostly far in eral of our GoYernmeut officials during the World War and excess of this-at 2, loss is______$19V, 880 some extravagant expres ions were used relative to the sale

SC~DURY of eized German patents. Lo s m value of . eed------.------­ $290,820 I quote: Loss on "Value .of bay------­ 1,4!)9, 100 Pos ible fertility lo s------199, 880 The most regrettable spectacle connected with the World War • • • not confiscation for the benefit of the Government but to Total------1,9~8,800 satisfy the greed and avarice of certain of the unscrupulous in this One year : Italian, 15 per cent of imports. country • • • it was immoral; I think it was unjust; I think "With reference to alfalfa our information is less complete than in the it was outrageous. (COXGRESSIONAL RECORD, 11. 24u7.) ca~e of Italian clover, although it appears that clover from South Africa is generally unadapted for use in this country. Seed from this region My thought in asking for time to speak to-day was to show in three-year comparisons in Kan as show this seed to rank 13 in a not by my opinions but by judicial conclusions that the things list of 15, and in Ohio, South ..Ul'i ca n ulfalfa seed ranked last in a test done and so freely denounced were exactly the opposite as of 10 varieties in so far as hay production was concerned. described by the gentleman from Missouri [l\Ir. NEwToN]; In the fi scal year 19~4 approximately 1,3~8,000 pounds of South that the dyes and chemical industries of the United States African alfalfa seed was imported. I might guess at an approximate are now forever free from an enemy's grip and also free from los~ of 20 per cent as compare.d with the use of more adapted seed; the danger of monopolies supplying the Nation's need with but with a long-time crop such as alfalfa losses mny become pro­ better products than we had previously imported. With it gre ively more severe, and accordingly I doubt the advisability of mak­ all, these industries can be converted to the needs of a chemi­ ing any definite ('Stimnte of commercial loss in the case of alfalfa. cal warfare and in this we will have a Yaluable asset to our Very truly yours, national defense. K. F. KELLERMAN, In the CoNGRE SIO~AL REconn of January 20, pages 2435 to Associate Chief of Bureau. 2463, in a speech which was delivered by the gentleman from 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3059 Missouri [Mr. NEWTON] there are the statements which are approval of their government, and with government aid they were able severe criticisms of our country in the steps which were to enter our markets and destroy or thwart such feeble competition as taken in the late war in behalf of our industries and national from time to tlme arose or struggle!!. on. By practices of " full line defense in particular a to the seizure and sale of patents, forcing," foreman bribery, and "dumping" they consolidated their b:ade-marks, and copyrights which were owned by German control. But, more important than all, th~y applied for and obtained interests. The statements made so widely differ from the SE-Veral thousand American patents wblch it was supposed blanketE-d facts about the Chemical Folmdation and the Alien Property the art of organic chemistry and the essentially related art of by­ Cu::; todian as I have known them to lJe I thought that in jus­ product coke ovens in this country. (5 Fed. (:?d) 197.) tice to the Government officials who had the responsibility as There was an embarrassing situation to o-ur textile and to the disposition of the. enemy properties seized under the chemical industries during the war because of the scarcity of dye­ trading with the enemy act and its amendments which were stuffs and chemicals, which were, previously to the blockade by pas ~ ed by the Congre s duriug the war, that I should state the English fleet, imported in large quantities from Germany. the facts as I remember them and quote from two court Great demand by our people for the products caused a tre­ decisions which have been rendered about this matter and mendous increase in their output by our indu trie . In many have clearly stated the real facts. The trading with the cases the chemical and medical products made in this great enemy act was passed by the Congress during the war in acti·rity proved to be better than tho e which had formerly March, 1918, and was amended in N"o1ember following to been imported from Germany. Our dye and chemical concerns meet the serious situation which had developed from informa­ during this period of great activity founded the American Dyes tion from investigation about the activities of German prop­ Institute, which embraced the industries manufacturing 90 per erties in this country. cent of the dyestuffs in 1918. The Alien Property Custodian, J.. suit was instituted in equity by the United States of Mr. Mitchell Palmer, under the "trading with the enemy act" America in the United States District Court of Delaware by and the amendments made to it by Congress, seized certain of the then Attorney General, Mr. Harry M. Daugherty. It asked the patents in the Patent Office which were filed by German for the annulment of a sale of property which had been made interests and were needed by our dye-manufacturing concerns. · by the United States to the Chemical Foundation. The district This plan to seize and sell these German patents was first sug­ court, after bearing evidence for many months, wrote his gested by Mr. Palmer. He had discovered after the sale of opinion deciding the case against the plaintiff, and held that the Bayer Co. at a public auction that the concern which the officers appointed under the trading with the enemy act bought it had a monopoly of valuable patents. had acted within the "law and ordered the suit dismissed. It The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit gave their was appealed to the United States circuit court of appeals opinion that the chemical Industry is "a key industry," and and that court confirmed the finding of facts by the district that before our country entered the war Germany, holding the judge and likewise held that the sale made was a 1alid one. key, tried- The case is now before the United States Supreme Court. The circuit court of appeals held in regard to German in­ to force the United States to cause the British Government to raise dustries in this country during the late war: the blockade in consideration of a supply of dyestuffs and medicinals to meet the pupllc demand in this country. When the law was enacted and this announcement made there was lit tle knowledge of German invE-st ments in the United States. They There were many conferences between repre entatives of the were known to be large, but they were not suspected as being hostile dye and chemical industries with the custodian as to the dis­ to American interests. But this idea was quickly dispelled. Respond­ position of the seized patents. It was Mr. Palmer's plan that ing to the mandate of the act, persons and corporations in the United the German patents should be disposed of in a way to create an States having enemy-owned property in their custody made 35,000 American chemical industry. A definite plan was submitted reports of such property to the custodian. These reports showed prop­ for the purchase at a private sale of certain of the German erty of more than $500,000,000 in value, extending into every State in patents which bad been designated by a sur1ey made by the the Union and the Territories and insular possessions, affecting every patent attorneys of the National Aniline Co. and the Du Pont industry and monopolizing same. It was the custodian'~ duty under Co. the statute to take oYer and operate this huge aggregation of property, A price was agreed upon at a figure something over $250,000. and it at once became apparent that he was earning large profits as Under the suggested plan there was to be a purchasing cor­ manager of enemy-owned businesses. • • • poration organized, the capital stock to be taken by members It was also quickly revealed that all enemy-owned property was not of the Dyes Institute. property of casual private German investors, but, on the contrary, was The circuit court of appeals said: in large part owned by the Junker class, and no inconsiderable part The terms and conditions of the plan were in the main dictated was owned by th~ royal family and by the Kaiser himself. It alsG and in the whole decided by Mr. Palmer. Therefore, we find that \leveloped almost at once that a large portion of the property had the terms of the plan which ultimately resulted in the sale of the definite hostile effects upon the interests of the United States. These patents were not Imposed by the industry but were laid down by are examples : • • Mr. Palmer representing the Government (5 Fed. (2d) 201. ) The Bosch Magneto Co. manufactured special apparatus for air­ There was a committee called the Advisory Committee which planes. Before the entrance of the UnitE-d States into the war it had passed on every sale before it could be made. The names and made contracts (in some instances through American concerns) to comment on the committee are taken from the opinion of the supply such appliances to the Allies. In complicity with Priv'y Coun­ circuit court of appeals: cillor Albert, the German financial representative in the United States The members of this committee were : Hon. George D. Ingraham, during the early period of the war, it succeeded by a policy of decep· former presiding justice of the appellate division of the first judicial tion and delay in postponing dellveries for 15 months. department of the Supreme Court of the State of New York; Mr. Employees of the Hamburg-American J..~ ine and the Nord-Deutsche Otto T. Bannard, president of the New York Trust Co.; Mr. Cleve­ Lloyd, German-owned steamship lines, kept clo. e watch on the maritime land H. Dodge; Mr. B. Howell Griswold, jr., senior partner of the business of the United States and reported to the German Government banking firm of Brown Bros. ; and Mr. Ralph Stone, president of the evet·y ship and its cargo leaving these shores. Detroit Trust Co. These gentlemen were all of the highest standing, The Florida Lumber Co. had acquired 1:very advantageous place on wet·e in no way connected with the chemical industry and were serv­ the finest harbor in the GuH of Mexico, th~ nearest harbor on American ing the Government without compensation. They approved the plan soil to the Panama Canal. Its files, instead of containing matters per­ and on the request of Mr. Palmer agreed to serve as tru tees of the taining to the lumber business, were fill ed with Pan-German literature. stock of the proposed purchasing corporation (5 Fed. (2d) 202.) The lumber plant was a distributing cent~r of propaganda. Mr. Palmer as custodian on February 15, 1919, made a full Othet• concerns cornered the market in coal-tar products that were report of the proposed sale and its terms to the President of connrtible into explosives in ordet· to hamper the manufacture d the United States and it received his approval. Under the munitions. Their achievements in acquiring essential chemicals were amendment to the trading with the enemy act the consent of regarded by the German authorities as equivalent to the destruction of the President had to be obtained if the patents were to be sold a t rain of 400 cars loaded with explosives. at a private sale. On the 3d day of December, 1918, the Presi­ Among the industriE- s in this country which the custodian discovered dent, on the eve of his going ~broad, made an Executive order were completely owned by Ger·man enemies was the chemical industry and that part of it relating to the proposed sale is as follows: dealing principally in medicinals and dye toll's. As this industry is the center of the contro1ersy here in· suit, we must pause still further to I hereby ve t in Frank L. Polk all power and authority conferred inqu ire into its character and its relation to the United States. • • upon the PrE-sident by the provisions of section 12 of the said trading T!Jis position of tlle 1: nited States was due to a variety of circum­ with the enemy net. (Woodrow Wilson, 5 Fed. (2d) 210.) stances ; The Get·mans had started early in tllc industry and hatl made Under this order, 1\Ir. Polk, then counsellor of the State amazing strides ; they bad formed great trusts, or kartels, with the Department, on or about February 26, 1919, authorized the LXYil- 103 3060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 cu. todian to make a private sale of 'the patents to the Chem­ was a member of the German firm wblcb before their seizure owned ical Foundation, the corporation which was organized by the the Haber nitrogen-fixation patents and who came b·om Germany to members of the Dyes Institute on the terms which have been attend the trial o! this case, testified that these process patents (58 stated giving the reasons for a private sale that it was in the in number) are worth $17,000,000, yet the learned trial judge fotmd public interest. Mr. Polk testified that he had carefully read on evidence which we think abundantly sustains him that, because the extract of Mr. Palmer's report and knew what be was their disclosures are of doubtful adequacy even to Germans other signing under the Executive order. In order to avoid the pos­ than those specially trained under the patents, and because their sibility of having any que tion raised as to the validity of the disclosures are wholly inadequate to workers in the chemical art In sale the Pre ident on February 13, 1920, executed an instru­ .America, these patents are without substantial affirmative value to ment ratifying the transaction. The district judge said in regard American citizens. (5 Fed. (2d) 191.) to the need for a private sale the following : By authority of the act, which means by authority of Congre , the patents were sold stripped of their characteristic of monopiles and Had tho e patents been sold to .American citizens at public sale, sold on conditions that the United States should have free licen es in tead of a private ale, and ouly the net proceeds of such sale paid under all of them and that its citizen should have nonexclusive licen!'es to their former enemy owners, those owners would have suffered an on equal terms. These, briefly, were the conditions. What did the United almost total loss in the value of the property. • • • States receive? It received the $250,000; it also received license under Conditions of sale were that the property should be held in a fiduci­ the patents, and it obtained the creation of an industry whlch stands ary capacity for the Americanization of such industrie as might be equipped, manned, and maintained in full operation ready to be oon­ affected thereby, and for the advancement of chemical and allied science verted at once into a line of national defense in the event of war. There is anu industry in the United States ; that nonexclu ive license , only, no evidence of the value of the license which the Government received, should be granted, and that the United State hould receive free nor, very naturally, is there evidence of the value of the national defense licenses; and that other licenses granted should be upon reasonable in chemical warfare placed in the Government's hands. Yet, we sur­ and equal terms without advantage as between licen ees. (294 Fed. mise these things have values and, taken together, we believe they 300.) are greater than the value of the patents at the time of their ale. While there was no mention of :Mr. Francis P. Garvan·s name We are of opinion that the price paid in the circumstances was not in the attack which wa made by the gentleman frc.m :Mi souri Inadequate. I"Mr. NEWTO. ], he eyidently intended tl1e severe language he used 1\Ir. l\Iitchell Palmer and his succes or, .Mr. Franci P. Gar­ to apply to Mr. Garvan and the part he had taken in the sale. van, as A1ien Property Cu. todian , carried out the purposes :\lr. Garvan was the Chief of the Bureau of Investigation on of the trailing with the enemy act, whicli " was the protection ~larch 4, 1919. :Mr. Palmer resigned as Alien Property Cus­ of the Nation, not the benefit of the enemy." 1\Ir. Palmer was todian on March 4, 1919, and on March 5 he became Attorney a witness in the trial before the district judge. He was not General of the United States. It wa"' on ~lr. Palmer's recom­ cro s-examined, nor was his evidence contradicted. He te. ti­ mendation to the Pre ident that Mr. Garvan was appointed to :fied at length about his idea as to the great need in our coun­ ~ : ucceed Mr. Palmer a Alien Property Custodian. The circuit try of chemical science and industry, not only for peace time court of appeals pas..,ed upon this phase of the case and said: but for war purpo e and national defense. He declared that When Mr. Palmer made the contract of sale Mr. Garvan was an his efforts were to get a plan whereby the German grip could officer of the United States serving his Government without compensa­ never strangle our chemical industries; that the new Ameri­ tion, being one of that class generally known a "dollar-a-year men." can industries should be safeguarded and protected for the lie wn not then an officer of the Chemical Foundation. "When, later, future need. He told of how the experiences of the Federal be became .Alien Property Custodian and also pre ident of the Chemical Trade Commission with the leasing of patents during the war Foundation, there was pre ent the element of two official positions, brought to his mind the necessity which was put in the plan to and in these positions it is true he carried out the contract previously make the new indu. try competitive and to prevent it from made, but there was lacking the element of a ilirect or Indirect intere t being a monopoly; that the people, as well as the Government, on his part 1n the pecuniary profits or contracts of the foundation, should be benefited. It was with the~e high ideals in mind for he agreed to sene as it president without compensation and he which brought about the organization of the Chemical Foun­ llas kC'pt his agreement. He bas not received from it any money for dation. any pUl'po e, even for his expenses. Moreover, the by-laws of the It is gratifying to know that a district court and a court of corporation provide that the president and vice president shall ser"Te appeals have rendered opinions that both l\Ir. Palmer and Mr. without pay. Mr. Garvan, together with Mr. McKay and Mr. Corbitt, Garvan, as Alien Property Custodian , with ..,o great trust while holding position under the United States and at the arne time impo ed upon them, bad been true to their oaths of office; acting as director of the foundation, were not holders of the stock that no proof was shown which would su tain the charge of of the corporation other than shares placed in their name to qualify coni'piracy and felony which were made in the bill which was them as directors. '.rherefore, with respect to the e three gentlemen, filed by 1\Ir. Daugherty. there is wholly larking the element of a direct or indired pecuniary What a striking contra. t there is in the record of the ad­ interest in the profits or contracts of the foundation. (5 (2d) Fed. mini:stration of the Alien Property Custodian who succeeded 209.) 1\Ir. Garvan. A change of party control in the Government brought about a change in the person who was to be the Alien It was the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. NEWTON] who Custodian under the new administration. He held the place stated that the sale was made- until recently. Because of serious charges as to irregularities To atisfy the greed and avarice of certain of the unscrupulous in his administration this cu todian resigned. After an in­ In this country • • that it was immoral; I think it was un­ vestigation of these matters by a Federal grand jury in Xew ju t; I think it was out1·ageous and uttel'ly without authority. York City be was indicted. During this week the Federal (COXORElSSIOXAL RECORD, p. 2457.) * * * To IDJ: mind the most grand jury in the same city is still investigating these arne regrettable spectacle connected with the World War was exhibited irregularities, and they called to give evi oped at the Deltst Laboratory at Tallulah La. Ia t year increased the yield of my cotton fully as much as 25 to 30 After it was found that powdered calcium arsenate was an per cent. effective poi~on the method of application became the next In a letter from R. F. Learned & Son, of Natchez, :\Ii · ., Mr. great problem. By everal year of experimentation it was Learned expresses him .~ elf as follows : found that ground dusting machines by '\lhich this po,\clered calcium arsenate could be effectively dL tributed might be We ha-re been dusting wlth calcium ar enate with mule machines profitably used. Two types of the.·e machines '\\ere put into for sewral years, and have always found it efficaciou if properly wide u e--the band machines, by which it '\las possible to co\er applied. This season tile weevil came late, when the cotton had 8 to 10 acre per day; and a power duster operated by motor reached a size that made it impracticable to usc the mule machinPs and drawn by hor., es or mule , making it possible to dust 70 to without breaking down the limb that were practically overlapping in 80 acres per day. Usually these machine were operated at the rows; then, too, it became nece.- ·ary to get over the whole fielU night or only in the early part of the day while dew remained more P.romptly than we could do with the machiue on hand. We upon the cotton plants, becaru e only then would the dust adhere contracted with the Huii-Daland Co. (Inc.) for airplane dustin"' and to the cotton plant and be effective. were very well plea ed with the results. Just how much was due to the dusting and bow much to the favorable change in the w<>ather In 1922 experimental dusting by ~irplane began, with t'\lo airplanes borrowed from the War Department. This experi­ just about the time of the du ting, 1t will be impossible to say. Our ment indicated practical pos ibilities. cotton was late, and it matured to the top. We were sumciently well In 1923 Congress made an appropriation of $40,000 for the satisfied, however, that we expect to have our dusting for 19::!6 all purpose of enlarging this experimental work, and arrangements done by airplane, except possibly when the plant is very young, at '\\ere made for cooperation between the Department of Agri­ which time we can do it more economically by the old metbol'l. We culture and the Air Service of the Army. The Air Service fur­ space cotton close and figure tllat a saving of one boll per stalk will nished the planes and pilots, and the Department of Agriculture pay for the cost of dusting. furnished the materials, entorpologists, and directed and super­ It has been thoroughly e~tabliBhed that the mo t effective viF;ed the work under this arrangement. The experiment. made method of controlling tile cotton boll weevil, a well a. certain have fully demonstrated that the poison could be applied more other in. ects affecting other field crops and orchard", is by tbe effectively and at le s cost by airpl;me than by ground rna- use of airplanes adaptable to this work, and it seems practi- 1926 CONGRESSIOXAL RECORD-HOUSE 3063 cally as. ured no'" that It can be done commercially. and that dilatory policy be abandoned. The problem of rubber n serves will b progressive business concerns are ready to enter this field of a problem no longer. Tile situation calls for concentrated and intelli­ activity, and that through the assistance given the work hm·e­ gent action." tofore by Congress we find agriculture the most attractive and Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 min­ inviting prospect for commercial aviation. utes to the gentleman from Indiaua [Mr. ELLIOTT]. According to the information given by Lieut. Harold H. Harrl , The CHAIRMAN (1\Ir. TREADWAY). The gentleman from In­ a well-known flier of wide experience, who had been granted diana is recognized for 10 minute . leave of absence from the Army to take charge of the com­ mercial airplane dusting for the Huff-Daland Corporation, he 1\Ir. ELLIOTT. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ used for the season of 1925, 20 planes and 10 pilots. The 10 mittee, I did not come over here this afternoon with the inten­ pilots employed were all graduates of the Army Air Service tion of inflicting a speech on this committee. But after I got Advanced Flying School. Without this opportunity for com­ over here I concluded that, inasmuch as several gentlemen mercial aviation it is doubtful if these men would have been were talking about the public-building question, that I might as well inject my remarks into the RECORD as for them to kept in the line of practical experience. During the sea ~ on of do so. 1925 the pilots operating for this company were employed for 900 flying hours and applied 374,000 pounds of powdered This public-building . question is a difficult one to handle, calcium arsenate on cotton, peaches, pecans, and sugar cane 0\Ying to the fact that it is a governmental matter. If the with satisfactory results in each instance. The average cost question was one that the Standard Oil Co. or the United for operation was $75 per hour. States Steel Corp.oration, or any other great business enter­ It may be well to state here that the Bureau of Entomology prise, had to handle, it would only be a question of getting the i continually, by study and tests, improving and keeping up money to do the work. They would proceed to do the work the standard of calcium arsenate. It will require the con­ along business lines and construct buildings where they were tinued cooperation of the War Department also in furnishing needed, and leave the places where they were not needed until pilots for this service. The important thing now needed and after the places where they were needed were provided for. required is a type of airplane better adapted to these agri­ The last public building l>ill that Congress passed wa approved cultural uses, and I hope the Congress can see its way clear March 4, 1913. As I am informed, that bill provided for about to provide sufficient additional funds to complete this line of $40,000,000 to $45,000,000 worth .of buildings, scattered over inve tigation and work out a more satisfactory type of plane. the United States. At that time Congress realized tl1at the As an evidence of the widespread interest in the c1uestion question of public buildings had gotten to the point where of insect control in general by airplanes, there ha'\"e been during something had to be done, and they injected into that bill the past year repre ·entatives of seven different foreign coun­ a se~tion which prmides that hereafter no town having postal tries in this country in conference with experts at the Bureau of receipts of less than $10,000 a year shall be eligible for a Entomology, studying and observing the results obtained by public building and that no town having postal receipts of the tests and experiments at the Delta Laboratory at Tallulah, les than $6,000 a year shall be eligible for a site. That was La., and five of these countries are now carrying out tests for put into that bill at that time because the :Members of Cono-ress the use of airplanes for insect control l>ased upon the informa­ realized that Congress was running away ·with itself o; the tion received here. question of public buildings. The CHAIR:l\l..:L~ (Mrs. RoGERS). The time of the gentle­ The war came on and the price of building rna terials ru,d man from Louisiana has expired. construction went up, with the result that a lot of these build­ .Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chairman, I yield two min­ ings that were authorized in the act of .March 4 1913, could utes to the gentleman from lllinois [l\lr. ALLEN]. not be con tructed under the limit of cot fixed in that bilL ..Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ There remain to-day, as a result of that, 64 buildings author­ mittee, I ask for two minutes to place before the House a short ized in that bill which have not l>een constructed, and in the letter and the statement made by J. ,V. Harriman that appears drafting of this public buildings bill in section 3 we provide in the American Banker of January 22, 1926. The letter is ad­ an additional authorization of $15,000,000 to complete those dres ·ed to me from one of my constituents, which is short and buildings and get them out of the way. No public building act is as follows: has been passed since March 4, 1913, of any kind or character. S-rno~GHURST, ILL., Jan twrv 25, 1926. The result is that we are badly behind with our public build­ Mr. JOH~ C. ALLBX, :M. C. ings. 'Ye have before the Committee on Public Buildings and Washington, D. 0. Ground<> at this time over 950 public building bills, introduceelopment. Assurances that the islands will remain under our flag so has the Secretary of the Treasury, that . 25,000,000 aq.­ by the formulation of a definite governmental policy and the elimina­ nually is all that we can spend on pul>lic buildings unless we tion of present foolish restrictions and limitations on ownership of land want to increase the taxes or issue bonds. That being the case, are necessary. Once this i effected the influx of American capital will that was the amount of doth out of which we had to cut our be rapid. garment. Therefore we brought in this public building bill "The. thing to do i · to get every man .who owns an automobile. and providing for the. authorization. of $165.000,000 t.:> be. expended whQ is consequently interest<' d in the future fU'i ces ~ t•ubber tir.es to. in buildings, which. is l>y -far the larg~st pubJic l>uildin:gs bil1~ write to Secretary Hoo ver and . his Congre $man dffiUtndin.g. that this that ha ·. ever been- passed by the Cougre~s. aml providing- that ', 3064 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 no more than $25,000,000 shall be expended out of the Treasury is what we were up against. If we do not take care of the annually for these buildings, which will make this about a emergency cases Congress would be open to criticism, and if seven-and-a-half-year program. we take care of those cases there is $110,000,000 and Congre s In regard to the $100,000,000, there is no limitation in the could not afford to disregard the request of the President of bill as to the size of the town that is to be taken care of under the United States and cut out the $50,000,000 that the Presi­ it. They can construct a building anywhere inside of the United dent has asked for for Government use in the District of States where 'a public building is nece sary, but the first thing Columbia. We had that much to start on, $160,000,000. Then they mu t do, if it is a post-office building, is for the Secretary we had 950 bills introduced by l\Iembers of Congress calling of the Treasury and the Postmaster General to meet and act for $250,000,000, and the result of it would have been that by jointly in selecting the town and the site and the character o! the time we got the old-fashioned bill that was big enough the building, and they must also determine the amount that to suit Congress it would have caused an upset among the it is going to cost and report those things annually to the taxpayers of the United States, because I do not believe that Bureau of the Budget, and then they come back to Congres"S to the taxpayers of the United States have gotten around to the get the money to do the work. point that they wanted a $300,000,000 public buildings bill. That is the proposition that we have brought to you. It is I will now yield to the gentleman from North Carolina. the only kind of a proposition that would be feasible at this Mr. BULWINKLE. How many towns and cities of the time, especially in the light of the Budget message of the Presi­ United States have postal receipts of over $10,000? dent of the United States which he sent to the Congress at the Mr. ELLIOTT. I could not say. I have not gone over that, beginning of this term. and I can not answer the gentleman's question. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana Mr. BULWINKLE. How many have $15,000? has expired. Mr. ELLIOTT. No, I have not gone into that feature of it. Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentle­ l\Ir. BULWIN.KLE. When does the gentleman expect to man 10 minutes more, and in doing so I make this suggestion: bring this bill up on the floor? L nder the act of March 4, 1913, quite a large amount of money­ Mr. ELLIOTT. Just as soon as I get an opportunity to bring I do not know how many million dollars-was appropriated, so it up. that in carrying out this public-buildings program, as a matter Mr. LANKFORD. If the gentleman will yield further, I will of fact, there will be available not only the $165,000,000, but say to the gentleman under the old law which authorized the also the additional amount appropriated under that act. Will construction of a building only in towns of $10,000 postal re­ the gentleman explain that feature of it? ceipts, no building could be constructed in my district at pres­ Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Chairman, as I understand the matter, ent, and if you bring out a bill to build a building in each dis­ the amount of money that was authorized for those 64 public trict I could only ask for some modification of that bi1l which buildings by the act of March 4, 1913, has already been appro­ will give one to a town of something le s. priated, and this additional $15,000,000 which was put in this Mr. CANFIELD. Will the gentleman yield? bill for that purpose is to be used to increase the limit of cost Mr. ELLIOTT. I will. on all of those buildings and cause them to be constructed. So Mr. CANFIELD. Is there anything in this bill to take care that this bill actually releases more than $165,000,000 on account of sites already purchased and build a building? of the fact that it releases money that is now appropriated and Mr. ELLIOTT. They may build a building on a site already in the Treasury for the construction of these buildings. piD·chased, or build in a town where they have to buy a site. Mr. HOOPER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for a Mr. LANKFORD. If the gentleman will yield further, I question? had one building which was authorized under the act of 1913, Mr. ELLIOTT. Yes. but the building could not be built within the appropriation. Mr. HOOPER. For the pUl·pose of reassuring the smaller Last year I approved of a building within the appropriation, cities in the counb·y that think they have a real need, will there and that building has been built and the postmaster has moved be ample opportunity for the small places, as well as others, to in during this month, so the building in my district has already bring the needs of their different communities to the attention been constructed within the appropriation. of the proper authorities? Mr. ELLIOTT. Now, gentlemen, I hope all of you will take Mr. ELLIOTT. In answer to the question I desire to say this building situation and face it as the committee has to that the committee has done everything they can in this bill face it, and you will realize that in any building-legislation to make it entirely fair. They can build a building any­ proposition it neces arily will have to be along these lines. This where when they determine an emergency exists ; and after bill will allow $100,000,000 in the next seven and a half years that they come back and get their appropriation from Congress. in buildings to go up throughout the country, and that is as l\Ir. HUDSPETH. Will the gentleman yield? fast as the Treasury Department says they should be built if Mr. ELLIOTT. I will. we are to build them out of current revenue. Mr. HUDSPETH. Is there any preferred list of cities now Mr. 1\IoMILL.AN. Will the gentleman yield? where buildings are to be built in case this bill passes? ~1r. ELLIOTT. Yes. Mr. ELLIOTT. I am glad the gentleman asks that question. Mr. McMILLAN. What provision does this bill carry diD·ing Mr. HUDSPETH. It has been l'Ulllored and stated there this period of seven and a half years for building these poten­ were, and we should like that information. tial buildings that may show up between now and that period? Mr. ELLIOTT. Here is what has been done. At three Mr. ELLIOTT. This bill does not specify any particular different times in the last four years the Postmaster General building at any time or place, and the places where the build­ and Secretary of the TreasiD'Y have called the attention of ings are built will be determined by the necessity of each case Congress to certain places where emergencies exist. The first as it arises during the period this law will remain in force. list came up with 140 cities in it. Then they put up another Mr. McMILLAN. In other words, the gentleman is of the list of 19 cities, making 149 places where they said an emer­ opinion that after a period of seven and a half years it will gency existed for the construction or remodeling or repairing be necessary again to launch some other program of build­ of a building. Now, if you will look at the hearings which ings that will be needed between now and the end of that time? the committee held on this bill you will find a list of all of Mr. ELLIOTT. I think so, and I think this bill will be those places. Now, there is nothing in this bill. that gives amended before that time so as to build them faster if the any place any preference over another place except the build­ finances of the country warrant a greater expenditure each year. ings that come within section 3 of the bill, the ones already The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana authorized by Congress. has e:x:pired. Mr. LANKFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the Mr. ELLIOTT. I will. gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. QmN]. · Mr. LANKFORD. If this bill pas es with the limitation The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mis issippi is I'ecog­ of building a post office only in towns of $10,000 postal receipts, nized for 15 minutes. and if a town has, say, $6,000 postal receipts, will this author­ Mr. QUIN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I would like to ize the building of a post office of similar receipts if the submit a few observations on the subject of agriculture. Since Postmaster General and the Secretary of the Treasury think we have had this bill up different subjects have been discu:-!sed proper? and every type of viewpoint has been expres ed in the last few Mr. ELLIOTT. There is nothing in this bill that repeals days in this House on many topics. One gentleman-! forget any section of the law, and so far as I know it does not repeal what State he is from-proposes to let our capitalists go over that section of the law. Now, here was another proposition and el..-ploit the lands in the Philippine Islands. After the which we had to deal with as an alternative proposition. If United States has taken those islands and placed a military we brought in an old-fashioned kind of bill, which some people atrap in charge of them he wants our Government to permit have been so unkind as to characterize as a pork bill, here American capitalists to go out aud take posses ion of the fi{'lds 1926 COXGRESSIOX \.L RECORD-HOlTSE · 3065 and rai.·e rubber. All tile resource of the C'nited States have as flappers. [Laughter.] But, my friends. they are the salt of unwittingl3• ueen h:an!":ferred from the people t.o the bands this earth. That man can make a living. He can have a piano of a comparati rely -few. All of your mineral-resources, ~our worth about $230 and an organ in his home. They generally gold. !'il"rer, iron, coal, oil : everr pint of gasoline that goes m~o .haYe orne good old hymn books, and they sing the 3ongs of a car that one mm;t run on the streets or the country road 1s God, "The oldtime religicm is good enough for me." [Ap- controlled by a great monopoly. plau:e.] EYen- stick of timber in this great Republic, all the way · Therefore he makes a living; but does that farmer, working from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and from the from early dawn until late in the eventide, make any money? Great Lakes to the Gulf of :Mexico, has been transferred un- He can not make money. The Government of the United wittingly from the pE'Ol)le to the hands of a comparatively few States, through its authorized agents, through the men who gentlemen. These comparatively few people having obtained make the laws, first, baye fixed it so be has to pay three control of all the re."ources of this Republic that rightly belong times what he ought to pay for his tran. portation. The to the people as a whole. these resources having been trans- railroad transportation in the United States and the trans­ ferretl to a few monopoli tic gentlemen, now comes a Moses out portation acres. the ocean where his product must go to of the wilderness. aying. " Let us go and plunder the Filipinos find the markets of the world has eaten up the value of his ana take their lands and raL'e rubber for the benefit of some products in freigllt rates, and what the freight does not take two or three magnate :• That is at the expense of every man we ha'\"e another class of gentlemen, whom I shall denominate who toil.· and .works. as commercial pirates, the middlemen, who prey upon him from But I believe that e'\"ery man and eyery lady in this House the time he gathers his products until they get to the tables will '\"ote heartily for this appropriation bill. [Applause.] of the consumers. Ahout S-!-1.000,000 is appropriated for the purposes of agricul- We must have in this Republic, in order for the farmer to ture. I ::1m glad to see that splendid department going out have a fair price for hi toil, a respectable freight rate. [Ap­ and endeavoring in all parts of the United States to do away plause.] We must have in this Republic a better marketin~ with noxious insects and do away with all animals that de- system than we have to-day. True, the Congress passed one strov our crops. We are doing much toward showing the the other day, a milk-and-cider concern which simply gave a fnro'ter how to cultivate the land and how to plant his crop , few fellow job'. 'Ve haye done fairly well heretofore. but and that is an admirable thing to do. We are doing much. we have not reached the proper place yet in order for the 'Ye are building roads. . This bill carries with it an appropria- farmer to be protected in the distribution of his product. tion of $80.000,000 for the purpose of constructing roads It is not only the staple crops that must be marketed, but all throughout the United States. There are some l\lembers on the the products of the fruit and vegetable farmers in the United floor of this Hou ·e that have adv-ocated, and I presume still States, and there are millions on top of hundred of millions advocate, the taxing of the bonds that the farmers must issue of dollars worth of vegetables rru -·ed by hard work. where the in order to get their part of the money to construct roads man himself, his wife, and all his children, from 4 years old throughout the different counties of this Republic. up to 21, are out in the field at work, making the Yegetables "'hfle we have done this much for them, there are some and preparing them in order to get them to the cities where the great fundamental things that the Congress of the United people must consume them. That cla s of perishable farm States is not willing to do. I know what farmers do, because products must be in some way protected through a marketing I wa ,· born on a farm and worked on a farm since I was 5. system by the Government. Of course, our corn, cotton, wheat, year old, and worked not six hours or eight hours but fi·om our beef products and hog products are taple crop.·. The the early da'iYning of the morning light until the sun went tobacco is a staple crop. All of that, indeed, needs some more clo"·n in the west and darkne ·s covered the face of the earth. aid from this Government in order to ha-re a proper marketing I know the hardships w-hich the wealth producer of this coun- place and in order to keep the middleman from getting too try must go through. Farming is a very hazardous under- much of the farmet's products, because the farmer in the la t takilw. Thou:;;ands of farms have I seen; I have seen them all analysis is the man who pay the freight, and be is the man the n·a~· from Chicago to the Gulf of :Mexico, and I have seen who pays the middleman. them all the wa:v from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, Now, what else is the matter? We need to give that farmer sometimes whil~ rirling on trains and at other times while cheaper fertilizer. A great percentage of the land in the rifling in automobiles. I know the lands in this Republic. The United States, even from the Atlantic Ocean clear down to the land in the State of Mi' Lsippi, where I have the honor to live, Gulf of Mexico, i bound to have commercial fertilizer in order i.s a· good land and as cheap land as any other in the· United for the soil to be worked and cultivated at a profit. Sodium States. Land down there selling at $10 an acre would bring nitrate is what most of it needs, and yet the agents of the $300 an acre in California and in Iowa. ·I know, even where people, the Congress of the United States, ha'\"e been idle for people have cheap land and where labor has been cheap, how the last six or eight years and will not pa s a bill to turn hard it is to make a profit in farming. What is the matter over that great project at Muscle Shoals, Ala., in order that with it? It is not because they do not work. Why, some peo- fertilizer may be made for the farms of this country. pie actually begrudge the fact that a farmer rides in a Ford 1\lr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? car. They hold that he should walk or have a little pony l\Ir. QUIN. I have not the time t.o yield. team if he wants to ride. That is easy to be done, yet it is not done. The same in- I believe that every farmer in this country deserves to ride fluences that prevent Muscle Shoals from being turned into a in a Cadillac. They work hard enough to deserve it. But great nitrate factory for the purpose of making fertilizer at a they can not do that. They can not have the compensation cheaper price for the farms of this country are able to keep for th h· services which goes to organized labor. They can on the freight rates. The same influences that bring that con­ not get that compensation for their services which goes to dition about are what make the fourth reason why the farmers men eugaged in intellectual pursuits. They can not get that Iof this country can not make money farming lands under pres­ compenl:iation which goes to the real-estate agent, the broker, ent conditions. Of course, they may make money one year out the banker, the merchant, the railroad magnate. Why can of five, but for the other fours rears where are they going to be? they not? Decause they are not- organized in the United The fru'm is a place where work must be done, and certain State., That is what is the matter. seasons of the year require very hard work with long hom·s; There are four fundamental things which ru·e necessary be- in fact, they must go out and build torches in the fields and fore the farmer can make money. He must have cheaper work at night. I have seen that done. It is done all the time freight rates, he must have a better marketing system, he in the yegetable-growing section of the district which I have must have cheaper fertilizer, and the tariff that now takes his the honor to represent. [Applause.] The fourth reason he profit mnst be repealed. Of course, a man can go out and see can not make money farming is on account of the protective thou ·auds and thousands of cases where a farmer has a nice tariff law, which allows him to be robbed on everything he little cottage and 40 acres of land under cultivation, with a buys. [Applause.] nice little spring at hand, and a creek running through that The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from :Missis- farm: and round the little home the vines are blooming with sippi has expired. honey.·uckle and the rose bushes are in flower, and on the Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to my side are a few beehive~, where the bees . work continually colleague, the gentleman from Florida [Mr. GREEN]. while other workers rest; they work until there is nothing Mr. GREEN of Florida. Mr. Chairman and fellow·members for them to find upon which to make honey. That farmer has of the committee, much has been said relative to Federal aid hi~ milch cows, his few bogs, and his garden, plenty to eat, in road construction in connection with the bill now pending and he does not require much to wear. He does not care to before our committee. The gentleman from New York, I be­ be arrayed in broadcloth. His wife does not care to be ar- lieve, recently said that the appropriation of $90,000,000 was rayed in silk. She does not care to have diamonds bedecking too much, and he seems to foster the reactionary and destruc­ her neck. She does not care for her daughters to go arQund tive policy of the Ooolidge retrenchment administration. 3066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30

· I differ widely from the gentleman from New York and from Sllr[aced li'ghtravs in the United £~fates as of December SJ, .1924-Contd. the administration when they say that $90,000,000 is a large 20,997.2 appropriation for a Government so great, rich, and powerful 22,310.1 9, 240.9 as the United States. If I could have my way about it, I would 9,5R4.7 11refer to see ten times this amount expended by the ll~ederal 930.2 Government ln aid to the States of our t nion in the construc­ 1, 140. 9 90J.O tion of a permanent Federal highway system. 1, 226.4 Do you gentlemen realize that the States of our Union are 7, 451.4 expending more than a billion dollars annually on highway 2, 410. 9 24,539.3 construction? For your information I shall insert in the 18,H .. 1 RECORD at this point a table showing the expenditures by the 1, 05-!.9 various States for the years 1923, 1924, and 1925. You will 33,580.8 readily see thot the various State governments, .most of them 1. 668. 0 1 10. 120. 0 at least, instead of curtaillng expenditures for roads are in­ 16,0~fl.2 creasing the amounts, as well as increasing their road mileage: r,;;o. J 9,080. 9 UNITED S TATES DEPARTMEXT OF AGBICGLTURE, 2,014.0 B uBEAU OF PGBLIC R OADS. 12.33a. o 19,04 .9 TABLE F-3.-Rur al-road expenditures, 1928 2,953. 6 [Also estimated expenditures for 1924 anrl 1925] 4, 481. 4 7. 3Gl. 6 16, 52:). 2 Estimated State and local 1,677. 2 1923-Highway expenditures ~~\~t~~tHEHHHH~HHH~IIEII~~~~~I~~~~~~~~~ bigbway expenditures 'YiV\yomingscon in------·------______24,437.2 724. 1 Total------467,005.8 States By or Total under Under expendi- 1924 I shall also at this point insert in the record a tabulation State local tures, 1925 control t highway 1923 showing Federal highway projects approved for construction as department of December 31, 1925, sa~e arranged by. States. Federal higllzcay projects appt·or ed for cotlstruction as of December 81, Alabama._------$5,116,507 $9,386,018 $14, 502, 525 $13, 225, 000 $14, 656, 000 19!5 Arizona ______2, 883,709 4, 308,545 7, 192,254 8, 000,000 3, 800,000 .Arkansas·------·· 6, 936,475 3, 559,848 10,496,323 12,500,000 19,000,000 Miles California .• _------19,898,947 28,774,704 48,673,651 46,600,000 36,800,000 1,46D. 3 Colorado._------5, 732,597 4, 934,449 10,667,046 9, 175,000 5, 150,000 813.6 Connecticut______6, 915,092 2, 425,867 9, 340, 959 7, 640,000 12,200,000 1,65J.1 Delaware. ______3, 747,620 1, 683,953 5, 431, 573 3, 366,000 3, 887,000 1,323.5 Florida._. _____ ---__ 4, 622,983 15,633, 804 20,256,787 13,422,000 23,263,700 9;)0.5 lliorgia______• __ 5, 474,852 13,342,723 18,817,575 12,000,000 17,750,000 147. 8 Idaho. __ ------2, 533,988 3,463, 828 5, 997,816 4, 380,000 3, 200,000 l;j2. 6 lllinois. __ ------30,993,977 24,456,760 55,450,737 .(9,000,000 72, 175,000 405.7 Indiana______--- 9, 268,771 45,249,849 M, 518,620 57,000,000 45, 84.0, 000 2, 420. 8 Iowa ____ ------17,979,699 16 858,659 34,838,358 27,590,000 39,384,000 847. 7 Kansas.------6, 955,133 14,013,549 20,968,682 19,150,000 13,083,500 1,553. 2 Kentucky_------6, 437,017 9, 209, 5(J/ 15,646,524 15,900,000 19,186,000 97:.!.8 Louisiana ______6, 081,865 9,059, 835 15,141,700 12,725,000 15,000,000 2,644.4 :Maine _____ --____ --- 6, 04.0, 820 I 2, 53-4,600 8, 575, {20 8, 583,000 8, 680,000 1,694.8 Maryland.------7, 762,371 3,005,000 10,767,371 7, 760,000 9, 602,200 972.2 Massachusetts ______10,514,231 1, 646, 511 12, 160, 742 22,175,000 21,426,000 Michigan______1,13!). 4 17,155,115 22,105,195 39,260,310 42,700,000 53,500,000 365. 8 Minnesota..•• ----·· 10,858,265 24,473,471 35,331,736 39,800,000 u,ooo,ooo Mississippi______4:-15.4 2, 876,466 11,270, 189 14,146,655 18,500,000 14,550,000 40fl. 7 Missoun ______19,551,231 11,588,946 31,140, 177 27,600,000 39,000,000 Montana ______1, 171. 1 1,454,050 I 6, 742,787 8, 196,837 6, 600,000 3, 776,000 3, 65:>.2 Nebraska ______5, 774,723 8, 470,890 14,245,613 9,000,000 10,250,000 Nevada______1,4~!).2 2, 343.456 500,098 2,843, 554 3, 595,000 2,255,000 2, 0:{8. 0 New Hampshire____ 4, 362,931 5,000,000 3, 067,784 1, 295, 147 5,000,000 1,2 '6.9 New Jersey ______12,032,203 8,083,687 20,115,890 19,930,000 24,425,000 New Mexico. ______2,811. 2 3, 204,914 454,510 3,659. 424 4. 000,000 2, 350,000 50.9 New York ______38,157,220 22,000,000 60,157,220 46,440,000 64,000,000 2G:'i .7 North Carolina_____ 28,148,158 118,600, 000 46,748,158 43,000,000 21,500,000 North Dakota ______2, 262,866 4, 960,266 7,m,132 4, 795,000 4, 700,000 310.6 12,875,999 50,547,000 63,422,999 45,500,000 79,000,000 1,532. 6 OklahomaOhio. __ ------______1, 777. 3 5, 730,974 8, 476,678 14,207,652 19,700,000 20,000,000 1,4:!4. 4 Ore.gon. ------10, 766, 752 I 10,736, 924 21, .'i03, 676 14,775,000 11,000,000 Pennsylvania ______23,155,628 112,443,000 35,598,628 85,000,000 73,000,000 2, 721. 8 Rhode Island ______2, 052, 114 825,951 2, 878,065 2, 237,000 3, 850,000 1, 67G.O South Carolina _____ 4,521,663 4, 915,578 9,437, 241 9, 700,000 10, 100,000 1, 277.6 South Dakota ______2, 610,246 7, 639,250 10,249,496 10,514,000 10,327,000 1, 0:!2.!:1 Tennessee ______4, 691, 120 10, W, 403 15,098,523 15,790,770 21,200, 000 1 , ti1 ~. {) 16,292,687 18,813,772 35,106,459 64,000,000 41,000,000 115.2 Texas __ ------1, 715. 8 Utah_------2, 647,488 I}, 783,300 4,430,887 4, 250,000 3,483, 000 3, 001,510 150,000 3, 151,510 3,387,000 3,387,000 2, 0{)0. 2 Vermont_------9\.il. 9 Virginia_------9, 848,619 t 6,550,000 16,398,619 18,200,000 15,378,500 Washington ______7, 178,350 lO,O'iO, 014 17,248,364 16,970,000 19,500,000 5, 41. 0 W~L Virginia ______15,665,417 I 16, 072, 000 31, 737,417 16,000,000 19,000,000 701. 4 157.6 WlSCODSln. ------5, 262,736 35,377,296 40,640,032 40,309,000 16,103,000 3, 875, 148 873,595 4, 748, U3 3,300, 000 3, 403,000 1, 12!).9 Wyoming_------C!H. 5 Total ______«2, 959, 556 549, 775, 055 992, 734, 611 990, 683, 770 1 1, 003, 124, 000 553. 8 1, 7!)~.5 1,2ua.6 lAppro.ximate. 6.5 Surfaced highzcays in the United States as of December 81, 192-J Total------64,788: 1 [Arranged by States] Miles .Alaliama______64,788.1 12,510.0 You will notice that the total is only miles. I would Arizona------­ 3, 061. 3 like to call your attention that my greut State-the State of Arkansas------­ 5,838. 5 Florida-bas only 405.7 miles, according to this tabulation. Cullfornia------Colorauo ______------______·------_ 15,262.2 8,749.8 And may I inform you that my State, according to recent Connecticut------2, 410.7 authentic reports, bas road-building projects now nuthor­ De Ia wure ______--______------______------697.3 ized, and much of it under construction, in the amount of Florida------­ 8,998.9 $187,000,000, probably a world record; and I challenge any Geot·gia------·------­ 19,187.2 Ida..'o------10,968.4 State to show authorization of greater program. And do you llliuois ____ ,______14, 172. 8 think that the small amount of less than $2,000,000, I believe, Indiana------·------­ 39, 888.7 received by my State from the Government is the Government's Iowa------­ ~.727.5 1,409. 8 share in a building program of the mllgnitude of $185,000,000? Kan as------17,065.7 In my State to-day there are about 12,000 miles of good roads ~;~{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~===:::: : 4, 678.0 already constructed, said roads connecting up even the :remotest ~1ain e------8,964. 3 Maryland (includes 38 miles hard pavement in Baltimore)_ 4,357.2 ections of the great State of Florida. .A.nd what I would like Mas acbu. etts------7,310.2 to see is for the Federal Goyernment to discontinue the penny- 1926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3067 wise and pound-foolish policy of retreochment in the road­ friendship, of keen enthusiasm for a noble and patriotic per· building program. And at this point I shall insert in the sonality and gratitude for the faith and love that this grand REcoRD the figures showing the amounts as expended by the old man has been good enough to give me, if I were to let Federal Government for the past five years. the record go without some word of genuine appreciation. Federal disbursements for road construction, administration, etc., for We think of him, we speak of him, as "the one Confederate the past five fiscal years ar·e as follows: soldier in the House of Congress." It would seem, in a sense, Fiscal year ending June 30, 192L______$57, 462, 768. 07 that a kind of loneliness would gather about him as we Fi cal rear ending June 30, 1922 ______.______89, 946, 603. ~ contemplate hlm thus, or as he thinks of himself in the Fiscal ye:lt' ending June 30, 1923 ______$71, 604, 708. w pathos of this heroic isolation, but we are glad to feel Fiscal year ending June 30, 1924______80, 447, 823. 78 Fiscal reat· ending June 30, 1925______97, 472, 506. 13 that Major STEDMAN is not lonely on his eighty-fifth birthday as ·being the only old Confederate soldier here, for he is Total------3D6,934,410.37 sweetly conscious of the richness and the plenitude of the The a"'\'"erage expenditure per mile for all Federal-aid projects ap­ love of his colleagues. [Applause.] proved from July 11, 1916, to June 30, 1925, was at the rate of $19,300 It was a very striking picture to us-a beautiful commentary per mHe, of which $8,470 was contributed by the Federal Government. on the fellowship of om· once sundered country that when General Sherwood, the one old Union soldier, was here, there You will see how ninety million dwindles in comparison with was such a notable friendship between the two. the amounts expended by-the several States of the Union. We love to remember that day when Major STED~!A.~ put ll.i ~ For the fiscal years 1917 to 1927, inclusive,_ Congress made hand on the shoulder of General Sherwood, when we were available for Federal highway construction the sum of $690,· paying a tribute to the old Union hero, and we all stood to­ 000,000. Of this amount $671,375,000 bas been apportioned to gether in acknowledgment of that beautiful personal and na­ the everal States and the Territory of Hawaii. tional fellow hip. Some years ago Col. John H. Seals, 8. bril­ Federal participation in highway work "'vithln the State was liant Southern editor, said in his popular home paper. The originally fixed in 1916 on the plan of 50 per cent of the cost Sunny South. "How striking and how pathetic it will be when being paid by the State and 50 per cent by the Federal Govern­ the last old Confederate soldier is left, when tbere is only one ment with the provision that the Federal share should not ex­ of them as a witness to a past of loyal ideals and the Soutlt's ceed the sum of $10,000 per mile, except where bridges of more wonderful contribution to the bravery and the achie,ements of than 20-foot span were involred, in which case ]j.,ederal con­ this Nation!" And I have thought how beautiful it would be. tribution-could be 50 per cent of the cost of the bridge. This when the record shows that there is but one old Confederate limitation per mile has been fixed by law at various dates at soldier left and but one old Union soldier left, if by joint $20,000, $16,250, and $15,000 per mile, which is the limitation in resolution of both Houses of Congress we could hnve them force at this date. here on this floor and see them shake hands in priceles3 com­ Taking the above figures as the amount required for the con­ radeship, while we stand before them in acknowledgment of struction of a mile of hard-surfaced road, then, if you will say that beautiful union that is ours in the country that we love that the United States on the average is 2,000 miles north and so well. [Applause.] It is an inspiring thing to think how a south and 4,000 miles east and west, then divide the 2,000 by man has lived 85 years in the clash and the conflict of arms in 25, and you have 80, the number of roads running from east war and the sharp contention of civil and political life. and coast to we t coast, a distance of 4,000 miles. l\Iultiply the now at "evening time" stands upon a pedestal of all that is 4,000 by the 80 and you will have 320,000 miles; then multiply brave and beautiful without a fleck upon his name. Major thi by $20,000 per mile for consh·uction of a mile of harery swell? Ur. UPSHAW. 1tlr. Chairman and gentlemen, summoned Who'll risk his hide to save the tars yesterday by telegram to Richmond on a mission of mercy Still clinging vain to crashing spars? to a Georgia friend in sorrow, I was deprived of the privi­ 'l'wo dauntless sailors volunteer- lege of taking some part in the beautiful and fitting birthday No football crowd to rise and cheer. tribute paid to our honored colleague, Major STEDMAN of Through hissing waters, shrieking skies, North Carolina. I would be recreant to every impulse of They fight the tempest of their lives. 3068 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 30 Tbl'y battJe on, near reach tbe goal, that I am from that yart of Louisiana nearest the Gulf. You As wilder yet the billows roll ; "ill see that the Mississippi River in its lower reaches runs Now sweeps a giant, angry wa>e, flntirely through the southern portion of Loui iana, and the A yawning maw-it is their grave. thought will come to you, or should come to you, that 26 States "We lost two men "-ter e ship report. of the Union, all of the States lying between the Alleghenies Thank God, in times o! sheik and sport and the Rockies, relentlessly pour down their water at flood The tribe's still true. A wreath to them, times upon the lower part of Loui iana, and we have to bear These gallant dead-we lost two ME~! the bUl'den of the task of getting rid of thof:e water. . The Though there's much work to do to-day, people of that section are bold, valiant, and elf-reliant; they And so much golf and bridge to play, might indeed be permitted to ay that that burden is greater A million cars to whisk away, than they can bear. And, strange as it may appear in con­ Let's pause a moment, just to say, nection with tlle fl'ightful burden and enormous ta k that h-as We lost two MEN. become ours, a the result of our geographical situation, not a drop of rain water that falls on Louisiana soil goes into the [Applause.] Mississippi River, but it all find its way to the Gulf of Mexico 1\Ir. BUCHANAN. Ur. Chairman, I yield the remainder of through other outlets. The temporary inconvenience relathely my time to my collea~ne from Louisiana [i\Ir. O'Cor ~oR]. of flood" in the upper river arid tributaries has become our :Mr. O'CO~NOR of Louisiana. ~Ir. Chairman and gentlemen permanent burden and problem, and during flood eason, for of the committee, the SP<:retary of Commerce, Mr. Hoover, two month. in the year, it is enough to make even the mo. t appeared before the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. this thoughtle~s men feel that the Xational Government ought to morning aud delivered an address in upport of the develop­ give that Rection of the country a little more concern than it ment of our main waterway and their trilmtaries that should ha. manifested up to this time. I ha\e heard it asked why do be read by every )!ember of Congress. I hope that that ad­ people live along the lower reaches of a river ubject to annual <1-res. • '\Vill be made a part Of tbe CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in overflow? In the first place, you might a k that same or a ol'der that the member. hip of the Hon.:e and enate may find similar sort of question of men who live in what is considered it acces ible and easily at band. I hope it will be published, in many sections of the country as a cold, barren, and bleak , o that thou()'htful tudents of the development of our water­ region, the North Atlantic coast. You may a k why people ways throughout the UniteLl States will have the benefit of the dwell on the ~lopes of Yesuviu. in Italy. You might ask '\Vhy ttxtraordinary nnd illuminating mrumer in which ~Ir. Hoover people .have dwelt for centuries far up Aetna that may erupt has expres:ed his confidence in the great ultin1ate re ·ults that at any time. I believe it wa Winston Churchill who recently "ill flow from the development of om main trunk-line water­ Eaid that it io::; utterly impossible to expect men and women to way~ all(] their laterals. act logically, becam::e the '\\hole plan of human e:x:if:tence from In connection with that addre ~s , it ha occurred to me that the beginning has been entirely illogical. We do illogical two bills were recently introduced, one by the gentleman things apparently. We refu e to live along the banks of the from Nebraska [~lr. SEARS], which ha · for its purpo ·e a survey Caribbean Sea, where it is always blissful but enervating of the :\Iissouri River, and another. more comprehen:-ive, be­ Rummer time, and prefer the cold and eemingly bleak and can:::e it embraC'es a ~ tucly of the water re om·ces of the United barren regions of the North Atlantic, just as mo t of our pro­ :-:tate:, introduced by tlle gentleman from l\1inne. ota [Mr. genator. · did in Europe for 2,000 years before wanderlu. t NEWTO:\']. The latter bill provide. for a study of the water brought them to America. Then they sought the colder climates re~ources of the United ~tate . through the Director of the rather than the warmer climates to develop along the lines Geological Survey and the as~i tants and as ociate provided that had been bred in the bones for centuries. uy the machinery mentioned in the contemplated act. But in the second place and for the best rea on on earth, In addition to providing for a sur\ey of the Mi soari River the and that is that lower Louisiana would have no flood problem Rears bill require. an inve;:;tigation of tlle ri\ers and lands east if it were not for the enormous development of the country of the Rocky I\1ountains and south and west of the Missouri above which has made for a run-off of such rapidity in the Hiver to its conjuuction with the Mis~ is~;;ippi, and of the lands· springtime when your snows and ice are melting that the adjacent to those river~, as well a8 the river. and water courses wonder is that we have been able to take care of the water crossing their territory and of the land adjacent to them, for with a levee system which can not stand any more of a strain. tlle purpose of flood control, irrigation water, and electric But back to our subject. I would like of course to i.n\ite vower and navigation. Such a survey would show to what and nail the attention of the House of Repre entatives upon extent the flood water of thi great river and its tributaries the Newton bill and upon the Seal'S bill. Mr. SEARS speaks can with practical effect be placed in dams and reservoir. . mo. t eloquently in private conver~ation of his proposed mea - .'uch an investigation would show to what extent the adjacent ure. I would like sometime to have the pleasure of listening lands are arid or semiarid, what available . ites there are for to him on the floor of this House. He has an easy flow of dams to hold flood waters, and to what extent flood waters, language and felicitously expresses thought. He pictures the by the use of dams and re ervoirs, can be placed upon what time when through a proper survey and remedies that would are now arid. lands for irrigation. Such a survey would show be pointed out through that survey all of the soil lying between approximately "\Vhat electric power might be generated, and the Rocky Mountains and the Missouri River covering a ' ould establish whether or not eepage from the soil would give stretch of territory 500 miles wide and almost 2,000 miles a continuou flow of water to the rivers hould the flood waters long '\VOUld act as a great reservoir. He describes how that the be scientifically placed for irrigation upon the soil and arid water would seep through and run into the Missouri River, lands adjacent to them. The sought-for inve tigation would and instead of coming down as a menace upon us during the determine how to prevent the oil erosion can ed by floods that two months, it would come throughout the whole year making for are carrying a cubic mile of our best earth down into the Gulf the stabilization of the waters and a river that would make of Mexico annually. A.s I have indicated the Kewton bill is for navigation purposes. He would make two blades of gras more comprehensi\e and is imilar in purpose and phraseology grow where none grow now, make a liability an asset, and by to the bill which I introduced. It is a modernization of the his magic turn a curse into a ble~sing. Ncwlands bill '\Vhich wa for years looked upon by students It is singular, my friend , notwithstanding the civilization of waterwa~·s as the crystallization of the wisdom of 'the coun­ that we boast of and our ability to grapple with giant prob­ try upon this vital and far-reaching subject-the study of lems, that this great peril and at times appalling danger which the '\Vater re ources of the United State . I hope that both of confronts the people of the lower l\:li sissippi apparently has these bills will be reported out and acted upon favorably by remained unsolved. For two months in the year we are Congre s in the interest of flood control and the navigation threatened with the destruction of property and the loss of possibilities of the ·e mighty rivers of our country and their lives, and for 10 other months the river for navigation pur­ laterals and tributaries. po es is almost as dry as a canyon in the Rocky Mountains. One might wouder why a Member living in the lower reaches That does not speak well for the hydraulic engineering of the of the Mississippi River would have ncb an intere t in these country. lf the engineers of the country can not point out a bills, and the address delivered by Secretary Hoover, who, in remedy it appears to me other people ought to be drawn upon llis visualization of the subject, aroused the attention and and permit civilians, who probably have great ideas upon the focu sed the thought and imagination of the members of the subject, undertake to cliscuss it in the hope that some concrete Rivers and Harbor Committee on the subject in all probabil­ proposition may come from them and reach Congress. It will ity as they had never before been fastened, although the subject be solved. It is the duty of this Nation to do so and when the falls within their juri::::diction. Your curio ity with respect to realization of that duty, of that sacred obligation that is due my devotion to the subject and my great interest in it would be us in southern Louisiana along the banks of the l\Iissi sippi, g-ratified if you were to look at the map of the United States you will discharge it by a proper performance. The people in that is on one of the wall of your office _and keep in mind New Orleans, the men who have given the subject matter 1926 CONG-R.ESSIOX AL RECORD-HOUSE 3069 considerable thought, highly approve of the Newton bill. It out of order. However, if necessary, I will simply offer the is not long and in itself contains a world of information and amendment in the form in which it has always been held to the bill in my judgment is well worth reading. We are all b0 in order. interested and should be interested. I regret it will pot answer l\Ir. TILSON. What is the purpose of the gentleman's the question to say that the few million people who live amendment if it is already provided for? along the lower reaches of the Mississippi River should never Mr. JOl\"'ES. It has to do with the republication, as was have made that their habitat and their homes but they are done three years ago. of about enough books to allot 500 or there and they are our people, blood of our blood, flesh of our 6t0 copies to each Member of the House. Of . course, those fl esh, and bone of our bone. have been largely disposed of by this time. It is a great, a tremendous problem. _But it will be solved. 1\Ir. TILSON. What is the effect of the provision? Read the Sears bill, read the Newton bill, and vote for them l\Ir. JOl\~S. We provide the same number that was fur­ when they come on _the tloor of the House for conside1·ation. nished three years ago. Read Hoover's great addre._s and realize the necessity for a 1\fr. TILSON. But under the provision as ·to nistribution development of the waterways of the Mississippi Yalley in order will they be distributed in the same way? to make for the greater glory of agriculture, industry, and l\lr. JONES. I am not certain. At any rate, it was adoptetl commerce. Read it and determine to support his splendidly without a provision for the distribution at that time. I drafted expressed views so that you may have a part in promoting it this time in the form in which the House and the Seoale the welfare of our people and country. [Applause.] finally passed it before. It will probably go over to the Sen·1te The CHAIRl\lAN. The Clerk will read. if the simple form is made necessary by a point of order and go The Clerk read as follows: through the process of amendment and take up the time bolh of the House and of the Senate. It seems better to provide a PRIXTfXG ASD BlXDfXG method of distribution at the beginning. For all printing and binding for the Department of Agriculture, l\Ir. TILSON. The gentleman realizes that if it changes the including all of its bureaus, offices, institutions, and services located effect in any way, it must be out of order. If it is to have no In Washington, D. C. , and elsewhere, $738,000, including the Annual effect, why put it on? Repot·t of the Secretary of Agriculture, as required by the act approved l\Ir. JONES. Yes, of course; but I do not lmow that it will January 12, 1895, and in pursuance of the joint resolution No. 13, make any difference. I know that it will delay matter.s if anpro>ed March 30, 1906, and also including not to exceed $250,000 it is put in the original form. It can not hurt anytbing to -pro­ for farmers' bulletins, which shall be adapted to the interests of the vide for the distribution of the usual number. It would de­ people of the different sections of the country, an equal proportion of pend on the regulations of the department. four-fifths of which shall be delivered to or sent out under the l\fr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chairman, I make the point addressed franks furnished by the Senators, Representatives, and Dele­ of order that the item is legislation on an appropriation bill gates in Congress, as they shall direct, but not including work done The CH...llRUA..i~. The gentleman from New Yorl:: makes the at the field printing plants of the Weather Bureau and the Forest point of order that the item is legislation on an appropriarion Service authorized by the Joint Committee on Printing, in accoTdance bill. with the act approved March 1, 1919. The gentleman from Texas [~lr. JoNES] moves that tbt:re 1\Ir. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. shall be appropriated $200,000 for printing the p.ublication The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. named, and further the amendment provides that the method of The Clerk read as follows: di ·tribution of this publication shall be through the folding rooms of the Senate and of the House. The gentleman fi<>lll Am endment of Mr. JoxEs, of Texas : Page G, llne 9, after the figures, Texas says in effect that he considers it would be better to in ert the following as a paragraph : designate the method of di 'tribution in order to save time ut a "For printing, binding, and distribution of publlcations entitled future period. Of course, it is not within the province of the 'Diseases of the horse' and 'Diseases of cattle,' $200,000: Provided, Chair in any way to infer what may or may not be done la tcr 'l'ha t such publication shall be distributed one-third in the folding room in another body. of the Senate and two-thirds in the folding room of the House of The appropriation item without the proviso would undoubt­ Representatives, and said documents shall be distributed by Members edly be in order as it has been previously so held, it coming of the Senate and House of Representatives." under the provision that the Department of Agriculture enn Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Chairman, there may be issue publications for the dis emination of general information more or less discussion in reference to this amendment, and I among the people. But the fact that the gentleman's amend· do not care to weary the Honse. Therefore I move that the ment has a provision which is new legislation makes the entire committee do now rise. item out of order, and therefore the Chair sustains the point Mr. BUCHANAN. Let us reserve a point of order on the of order. amendment. l\Ir. JO~S. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment and a ~ k Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I would like to state in con­ that it be read for information. nection with the point of order-1\lr. Chairman, I would like Mr. MAGEE of New York. l\1r. Chairman, I move that the to be heard on the point of order. I would like to state, be­ committee do now ri ·e. fore the matter is ruled upon, that this same amendment was The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment of offered three years ago in a form in which it was in order. the gentleman from Texas for information. The Senate changed it so as to direct that the books should be Mr. BRIGGS. l\Ir. Chah·man, will the chairman of the com­ distributed by Member of the House and Senate. Of course, mittee withhold his motion for a question? it can be passed in such form that they may be distributed by 1\Ir. l\IAGEE of New York. Ye .. the Department of Agriculture. That would clearly be in or­ 1\fr. BRIGGS. Is the appropriation that is carried here for der. I think it would be much better, if the amendment farmers' bulletins the same as that carried last year? pa es at all, that it pa ·s in the form of giving the Members l\Ir. l\IAGEE of Kew York. Yes. the privilege of distributing the books rather than the Depart­ The CHAIRl\IA.~. The Clerk will report the amendment ment of Agriculture. It was held in order three years ago offered by the gentleman from Texas [~Ir. JONES]. when a similar amendment which authorized the publication The Clerk read as follows: of the books at that time was adopted. That is, the simple Amendment offered by Mr. JoxEs: Page 6, line 9, after the figures appropriation for republication was held in order. in ert the following as a new paragraph : " For printing, binding, and 1\Ir. BUCHANAN. I under tand the gentleman concedes distribution of the publications entitled • Diseases of the Horse' and that in the form in which the amendment now is offered it is 'Diseases of Cattle,' $200,000." not in order? The CH..AIR~I..L,. - The question is on agreeing to the amend· Mr. JONES. Ko; I do not concede i1.: is not in order. ment. There may be some que tion about its being in order, but I will Mr. JOl\'ES. l\lr. Chairman, I understood the gentleman was not concede it outright. The amendment providing for the re­ going to make a motion to rise. publication of these books is undoubtedly in order. I think - l\Ir. l\IAGEE of New York. I withheld that motion a moment the amendment is in order as it is worded here, for the reason ago in order that a question might be asked. that under the general provision for printing the Department Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to pro- of Agricultm·e is authorized to print all kinds of publications. ceed for two minutes out of order. There is not any question but that an amendment authoriz­ 1\Ir. JOXES. 1\Ir. Chairman, a parliamentary inquiry. ing the republication of these books is in order, and, that kind The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. of au amendment being in order, I can not conceive of its mak­ l\Ir. JONES. This will not interfere with my speaking on ing the amendment out of order if you simply provide a the amendment at the proper time? method of dL

:Mr. JOXES. No; I am not a member of" the committee. El\"'ROLLED JOI~T RESOLUTIO~ SIG:NED The CHAIRllA..J.~. The gentleman will not lose hi<3 right to Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ 8peak if he desires to S,Peak, following the gentleman from New ported that the committee had examined and found ti·uly en­ York [:Ur. FISH.] rolled House Joint Resolution Of the following title, when ~Ir. JO:XES. I want to be heard on the amendment. I "?n­ the Speaker signed the same : derstood the gentleman from New York [:llr. :\IA.GEE] was gomg H. J. Res.107. Joint resolution to provide for the expenses to move that the committee rise. of the participation of the United States in the work of a "l\Ir. "l\IAGEE of New York. .All the rights of the gentleman preparatory commission to consider questions of reduction and from Texas will be preserYed. limitation of armaments. The CH.AIRUA.1.~. The gentleman from Texas will be recog­ nized after the gentleman from New York [Mr. FrsH] has con­ ADJOURNMENT sumed two minutes. Mr. MAGEE of New York. Mr. Speaker, I mo-re that the 1\Ir. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I have introduced a resolution House do now adjourn. providing that the thanks of the Congress of the United The motion was agreed to. States shall be tendered to Capt. George Fried and the crew Accordingly (at 4 o'clock and 48 minutes p. m.) the House of the President Roosevelt for heroism in rescuing the cap­ adjourned until Monday, February 1, 1926, at 12 o'clock noon. tain and crew of the British steam hip Antinoe. ~1y resolution will, I believe, go to the ComD?itte~ on l\ler­ chnnt 1\Iarine and Fisheries. I am not pressmg 1t ~t the EXECUTIVE CO~B1UNICATIONS, ETC. pre ent time, because I do not know whether there. IS any Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were precedent for such a resolution; but I do hope . that if there taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: is such a precedent that the Congress will proceed to tender 312. A communication from the Pre ident of the United its thanks in accordance with my resolution or some other States, transmitting supplemental e timates of appropriations reRolution, because we should, whenever we have an oppor­ for the Treasury Department for the fiscal year ending June tunity, place our official sanction and approval upon such an 30, 1926, $60,075, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, act of extraordinary heroism, which has added honor .and $17 4,020, pertaining to the Federal Farm Loan Board ; in a:ll, "lory to the American merchant marine and the Amencan $234,095 (H. Doc. No. 234) ; to the Committee on Appro}Jri~­ flag. It seems to me to be more than fitting, and I hope the tions and ordered to be printed. committee will look up the precedents and report my resolu­ 313. A letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a tion or some similar resolution, and thereby encourage Ameri­ proposed draft of a bill " To establish the warrant grade of pay can' ea captains in doing their outy to humanity and empha­ clerk and the commi sioned warrant grades of chief marine sizing that the American Nation is both grateful and proud gunner, chief quartermaster clerk, and chief pay clerk in the of the captains, officers, and men of the American merchant United States Marine Corps"; to the Committee on NaYal Affair . . marine, who, for efficiency and bravery, stand second to none. 314. A letter fi·om the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting .Ur. l\IAGEE of New York. iUr. Chairman, I move that the a proposed draft of a bill " To pe1·mit certain warrant offiter. committee do now ri e. to count all active senice rendered under temporary appoint­ 'l'he motion was agreed to. ments as warrant or commi sioned officers in the regular Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having Navy or as warrant or commissioned officers in the United resumed the chair Mr. TREADWAY, Chairman of the Commit­ State~ Kaval Re erve Force, for the purpo e of promotion to tee of the Whole 'House on the state of the Union, reported chief warrant rank"; to the Committee on NaYal Affairs. that that committee, having had under consideration the 315. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with bill H. R. 82G4, the Agricultural appropriation bill, had come a letter from the Chief of Engineers, report on preliminary ex­ to no resolution thereon. amination of Bo ton Harbor, ~lass., with a view to the elimina­ DAlJGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION tion of the bend to the eastward of Finns Ledge at the en­ trance of Broad Sound Channel; to the Committee on Riyers :\1r. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I now renew my request to and Harbor. take from the Speaker's table Senate bill 780 and immediately 316. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with con ider it. a letter from the Chief of Enginee1·s, report on preliminary The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Connecticut asks examination of Sh·a"·berry Passage, Green Bay, Wis.; to the unanimous consent to take from the Speaker's table Senate Committee on Rivers and Harbors. bill 780 and give it immediate consideration. Is there objec­ 317. A letter from the Secretary of War, fran mitting, with a tion? letter from the Chief of Engineers, reports on preliminary ex­ ::ur. SCHAFER. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to object, amination and suryey of Kahului Harbor, Hawaii (H. Doc. what is the purpose of the bill? No. 235) ; to the Committee on Ri:vers and Harbors and ordered Mr. TILSON. It is with regard to extending the right of to be printed, with illustrations. the Daughters of the American Revolution to own more pro~ 318. A letter from the pre. ident of the Capital Traction Co., erty in order to proyide for their new building program. transmitting report of the Capital Traction Co. for the year The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the pre ent considera- ending December 31, 1025; to the Committee on the District of tion of the bill? Columbia. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill. The Clerk read as follows: REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AJ.'D RESOLUTIO ... ·s Be it e11acted, etc., That section 2 <>f the act entitled "An act to incorporate the National Society of the Daughters of the American Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Re"folution," approved February 20, 1896, As amended, is amended to Mr. CARPENTER : Committee on Claims. H. R. 616. A reall as follows : bill for the relief of Erne 't F. Church; without amendment (Rept. No. 164). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. "SEC. 2. That said society is authorized to hold real and personal Mr. JOIL."'\SO~ of illinois: Committee on Claims. H. R. DG2. estate in the United States, so far only as may be necessary to its A bill for the relief of the estate of W'illiam Fries, deceased ; lawful ends, to an amount not exceeding $5,000,000, and may adopt a with an amendment ( Rept. No. 1G3). Refen.-ed to the Com­ constitution and make by-laws not inconsistent with law, and may allopt a seal. Said ociety shall ha"fe its headquarters or principal mittee of the Whole House. Mr. MORROW: Committee on Claims. H. R. 1243. A bill office at Washington, in the District of Columbia." for the relief of J. H. Toulouse; without amendment (Rept. Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, all this bill does is to increase No. 166). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. the amount of property which the Society of the Daughters of Mr. BOX: Committee on Claims. H. R. 1244. A bill for the the American Revolution may hold from $2,000,000 to $5,000,- relief of John H. Walker; without amendment (Rept. No. 167). 000. I wish to say, in addition, that I have confened with Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. members of the Judiciary Committee, to which I think the bill Mr. APPLEBY: Committee on Claims. H. R. 1897. A bill would be referred, if referred at all, and there is no objection for the relief of the heirs of the late Louis F. Meissner; with­ to it on either ide of the House. out amendment (Rept. Xo. 168). Referred to the Committee The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the of the Whole House. third time, and passed. Mr. WALTERS: Committee on Claims. H. R. 2042. A l>ill On motion of Mr. TILso~. a motion to reconsider the vote by for the relief of Jo. epb L. Kere ey; with an amendment (Rept. which the bill was passed was laid on the table. No. 169). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. ,

192G CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE 3071 · lfr. APPLEBY : Committee on Claims. H. R. 2465. A bill tiable insb·ument by reason of a fluctuation in the rate of E:>x­ for the relief of Ella E. Horner; with an amendment {Rept. change, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Military No. 170). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Affahs. Mr. MORROW : Committee on Claims. H. R. 3659. A bill By Mr. ZIHLMAN: A bill (H. R. 8656) to vacate certain for the relief of the Custer Electric Light, Heat & Power Co., streets and alleys within the area known as the Walter ReE>d of Custer, S. Dak.; with an amendment (Rept. No. 171). Re­ General Hospital, District of Columbia, and to authorize the ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. extension and widening of Fourteenth Street and Montague l\Ir. BECK: Committee on Claims. H. R. 4140. A bill for Street to its southern terminus south of Dahlia Street; to the the relief of John Hamill ; with amendments ( Rept. No. 172). Committee on the District of Columbia. - Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. By :Mr. GRAHAM: A bill (H. R. 8thl7) to amend sections Mr. UNDERHILL: Committee on Claims. H. R. 8178. A 226, 227, and 228 of the Judicial Code, and for other purposes; bill for the relief of Ocean Steamship Co. (Ltd.) ; without to the Committee on the Judiciary. amendment (Rept. No. 173). Referred to the Committee of By 1\Ir. OLDFIELD: A bill (H. R. 8658) permitting the the Whole House. withdrawal of water from White River, Ark.; to the Com· mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. CHAKGE OF REFERENCE By Mr. FISH: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 141) extending Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged the thanks of Congres to Capt. George Fried and the crew of from the consideration of the following bills, v.hich were re­ the U. S. S. President Rooserelt for heroic conduct; to the ferred as follows: Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. A bill (H. R. 8568) granting an increase of pension to AI o, resolution (H. Res. 113) reque ting information Louis Wise; Committee on Pensions discharged, and referred of the admini tration of the office of the Alien Property to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Custodian ; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ A bill (H. R. 747) for the relief of Maurice J. Keegan; Com­ merce. mittee on Military Affairs discharged, and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. PRIVATE BILLS Al\"TI RESOLUTIOXS Under clause 1 of Rule X..."\:II, private bills and re..:olutions PUBLIC BILLS A!\'1) RESOLUTIOXS were introduced and severally referred as follows: Under clau e 3 of Rule XXII, public bills and resolutions By 1\Ir. ALDRICH : A bill (H. R. 8659) granting an increase were introduced and severally referred as follows : of pension to Mary E. Sullivan ; to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. JAMES: A bill (H. R. 8611) to amend the tariff act Pen ions. of 1922, entitled "An act to provide revenue, to regulate com­ By 1\Ir. ARKOLD: A bill (H. R. 8660) granting an increa._·e merce with foreign countries, to encourage the industries of of pension to Florence 1\I. Legge; to the Committee on Invalid the United States, and for other purposes"; to the Committee Pensions. on 1Yays and 1.\leans. By 1\Ir. BACH:\IANN: A bill (H. R. 8661) for the relief of By .Mr. DYER: A bill (H. R. 8642) to amend section 37 of Alfred D. Games ; to the Committee on the Civil Service. the criminal code of the United States; to the Committee on By :Mr. BARKLEY: A bill (H. R. 8662) granting an increase the -J ndiciary. of pension to Eddie Dudley; to the Committee on Pensions. AI o, a bill (H. R. 86-13) to allow bail pending the termina­ By 1\lr. CRUMPACKER: A bill (H. R. 8663) for the relief tion of appeal or writ of error; to the Committee on the Ju­ of Alvin H. Tinker; to the Committee on 1\lilitary Affairs. diciary. By ::\lr. DE~'JSON: A bill (II. R. 8664) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 864-:1) providing t11e right of severance Thomas L. Harris; to the Committee on l\lilitary Affairs. in criminal cases; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. W. T. FITZGERALD: A bill (H. R. 8665) granting By Mr. FREDERICKS: A bill (H. R. 86:1:5) to provide for an increase of pension to Sarah :Murphy; to the Committee on the payment of mileage to o1ficers on joining their first stations Invalid Pensions. · when commissioned in the United ~tates Army; to the Com­ By Mr. FREDERICKS: A bill (H. R. 8666) for the relief of mittee on Military Affairs. the heirs of John Buck; to the Committee on War Claims. By l\Ir. HADLEY: A bill (H. R. 8G-!6) providing for a grant Also, a bill (H. R. 8667) for the relief of Laurin Gosney; to of land to the county of San Juan, in the State of Washington, the Committee on Claims. for recreational and public-park purposes; to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 8668) g:ranting a pension to Eva .A. Davi­ on the Public Lands. son ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. By Mr. ASWELL: A bill (H. R. 86-17) to place the agri­ .Also, a bill (H. R. 8669) granting a pension to Catherine A. cultural industry on a sound commercial ba is, to encourage Purington ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. agricultural cooperative associations, and for other purposes; Also, a bill (H. R. 8670) granting a pension to Amy E. to the Committee on Agriculture. Gandy; to the Committee· on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. WINTER: A bill (H. R. 8648) to provide for the Also, a bill (H. R. 8671) granting a pension to Saralt A. erection of a public building in the city of Green River, in Patter on; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the State of Wyoming; to the Committee on Public Buildings Also, a bill (H. R. 8672) granting a pension to Lowell G. and Grounds. Fuller ; to the Committee on Pensions. By Ur. l\fAGH.ADY: A bill (H. R. 86-19) to provide for the By Mr. GALLIVAN: A bill (H. R. 8673) granting a peu:ion purcha~ of a site and the erection of a public building at to Flora Ella Stevens ; to the Committee on In-valid Pension . Bloom burg, Pa. ; to the Committee on Public Buildings and By Mr. GAM.BRILL: A bill (H. R. 867-!) granting six Grounds. months' pay to Vincentia V. Irwin; to the Committee on Naval By l\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma: A bill (H. R. 8650) for the Affairs. purcha ·e of a site and the erection thereon of a public building By Mr. GLYNN: A bill (H. R. 8675) granting an increase of at Hugo, Okla. ; to the Committee on Public Buildings and pension to Celia A. Stowe; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Ground. sions. By :ur. UNDERHILL: .A bill (H. R. 8S51) to provide for By Mr. HALL of North Dakota: A bill (H. R. 8676) grant­ the settlement of claims against the United States on account ing an increase of pension to Nancy Spanton; to the CommittE:>e of property damage, personal injury, or death; to the Com­ on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Claims. By Mr. HAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 8677) granting a pension to By Mr. HAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 8652) to provide for the Elizabeth Ristow ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. withdrawal of certain lands as a camp ground for the pupils By Mr. HOGG: A bill (H. R. 8678) granting an increase of of the Indian school at Phoenix, Ariz.; to the Committee on pension to Emma E. Hill; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Indian Affairs. sions. By 1\Ir. COOPER of Ohio: A bill (H. R. 8653) to divest By Mr. HUDSPETH: A bill (H. R. 8679) granting the dis­ goods, wares, . and merchandi e manufactured, produced, or tinguished-service cross to Capt. Hurley E. Fuller ; to the Com­ • mined by convicts or prisoners of their interstate character in mittee on Military Affairs. f'ertain cases; to the Committee on Labor. By l\lr. HULL of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 8680) granting By Mr. NEWTON of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 8654) author­ a pension to Jane Herron; to the Committee on Invalid izing imprisonment for nonpayment of fines by :persons con­ Pensions. victed of crime and repealing section 10-12, Revised Statutes By l\Ir. ffiWIN: A bill (H. R. 8681) for the relief of of the United States, 1878 ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Fannie B. Armstrong; to the Committee on War Claims. Alsot a bill (H. R. 8655) . to. provide for payment to . any . By Mr. JA.COBSTEIN: A. bill (H. R. 8682) granting a pen­ officer, enlisted man, female nurse, or civilian employee of the si~n to Etta Lucy Wheeler; to the. Committee. on .Invalid, .. , American Expeditionary Forces of loss sustain'ed on a negcr Pensions. 3072 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SEN ATE FEBRUARY 1 Also, a bill (H. R. 8683) granting an increase of pension to l devise ways and means of recommending legislation to secure Libbie Nalt; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.. operation of the nitrate and power properties of the United By Ur. JOHNSON of Washington: A bill (H. R. 8684) for States at Muscle Shoals, Ala.; to the Committee on Interstate the relief of Thomas Huggins ; to the Committee on Claims. and Foreign Commerce. Also, a bill (H. R. 8685). for the relief of Henry S. Royce; 540. By Mr. W. T. FITZGERALD: Petition of the Ohio State to the Committee on Claims. Federation of Labor, favoring legislation for retiJ.·ement and By Mr. KIEFI'I""Ell: -A bill (H. R. 8686) granting an increase betterment of conditions for members of the National Federa­ of pension to Daniel J. Graves; to the Committee on Pensions. tion of Federal Employees; to the Committee on the Civil By Mr. KNUTSON: A bill (H. R. 8687) granting an in- Service. crease of pension to Catherine E. Grubb ; to the Committee on 541. Also, petition of Fort Whipple Chapter No. 3, Disabled Invalid Pensions. Veterans of the World 'Var, requesting the enactment of six By Mr. McKEOWN: A bill (H. R. 8688) granting an in- proposed amendments to the war veterans' act of 1924; to the crea. e of pension to Ellen Thompson; to the Committee on Committee on World ·war Veterans' Legislation. Invalid Pensions. 542. By Mr. FREDERICKS: Petition of residents of Saw- By Mr. ME .~. TGES : A bill (H. R. 8689) granting an in- telle, Calif., and members of the National Soldiers' Home at crease of pension to Sarah l\1. Jacobs; to the Committee on Saw·telle, Calif., petitioning Congress to enact legislation in­ Im·alid Pensions. creasing pensions for Indian war veterans and their depend­ By Mr. :MILLIGAN: A bill (H. R. 8690) granting a pension ent ; to the Committee on Pensions. to Elizabeth Rogers ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 543. By 1\Ir. GALLIVAN : Petition of :Massachusetts Rural By Mr. MILLS: A bill (H. R. 8691) granting an increase of Letter Carriers' Association, opposing any change in the present pension to Ora Horton Wyeth; to the Committee on Pensio.ns. sy tern of rural routes in 1\la sachu etts; al o opposing the con- By Mr. :MORROW: A bill (H. R. 8692) for the relief of Fred ·olidation of rural routes or the letting of rural routes by con- V. Plomteaux; to the Committee on Claims. tracts; to the Committee on the Pot Office and Post Roads. By Mr. REED of New York: A bill (H. R. 8603) granting an 544. By Mr. KING: Petition of the members of Col. L. W. increa ·e of pension to Louesa F. Veley; to thE' Committee on Shepherd Relief Corps, No. 304, Department of Illinois, Quincy, InYalid P0nsions. Ill., signed by Lucy 1\Iiller and 42 other members, urging the Also, a bill (H. R. 8694) granting an increase of pension to passage of the G. A. R. pension bill for the relief of feeble and :Mary A.. Gibson ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. helpless veterans and the aged widows ; to the Committee on In- By Mr. THOMAS: A bill (H. R. 8605) for thE' reiief of valid Pensions. Capt. Joseph w. Loef; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 545. Also, petition of R. D. Robinson, of Gale burg, Ill., stat- By Mr. TINCHER: A bill (H. R. 8696) granting an increase ing his views in oppo ing the World Court; to the Committee on of pension to Elizabeth B. Williamson ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. InYalid Pe.u ions. 546. By Mr. LEAVITT: Resolution of League of Women By ~Ir. TI1\~HA:\I: A bill (H. R. 8697) for the relief of the Voters of Kalispell, Mont., favoring continuance of the provi­ Aruerican Foreign Trade Corporation and Fils d'Aslan Fresco; sions of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act; to the Committee to the Committee on ClaiJ.ns. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By l\Ir. UNDERHILL: A bill (H. R. 8698) for the relief of 547. By 1\Ir. O'CONNELL of New York: Petition of the Alii- the .A.ltantic Works; to the Committee on Claims. ance of Women's Clubs of Brooklyn, N. Y., that the coal situa- By Mr. YIN SON of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 8699) granting tion has become a menace to the health of our country: Re­ a pen. ion to Benjamin F. Collier; to the Committee on Pen- solved, That the President of the United States anti the sions. Congres take such action as will insure a permanent settle­ By Mr. WHEELER: A bill (H. R. 8700) granting an increase ment; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. of pen ion to Nancy H. Berry; to the Committee on Invalid 548. Also, petition of the Drug Products Co. (Inc.), pharma- Pensions. . ceutical manufacturers, of Long Island City, N. Y., favoring By 1\Ir. WOOD: A bill (H. R. 8701) granting a pension to the passage of the Merritt bill (H. R. 3904); to the Committee Charles Oakley; to the Committee on Pen ions. on Inter tate and Foreign Commerce. Also, a bill (H. R. 8702) granting an increase of pension 549. By l\lr. STRONG of Kansas: Petition of George Guen- to Elizabeth Gib on; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ther, of Hanover, Kans., and 104 other citizens of Washington By Mr. YATES: A bill (H. R. 8703) granting a pension to County, Kans., requesting enactment of legislation to increase John "\"V. Taylor; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the pensions of Indian war veterans, their widows, and tie- By l\Ir. JONES: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 140) for the pendents; to the Committee on Pension . relief of Cyru. Eakman, former postmaster at Canyon, Randall 550. By Mr. WHITE of Kansas: Papers in support of House County, Tex.; to the Committee on Claims. bill 4981, granting a pension to Thomas S. Colbm·n; to the Com- --- . mittee on Invalid Pen ions. 551. Also, evidence in support of House bill 8507, granting PETITIONS, ETC. an increase of pension to Richard T. Basye; to the Committee Under clau e 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on Pen ions. on the Clerk's desk and referred as follow : 552 .. BY 1\Ir. WOOD: Petition ofT. H. Grabowski and numer­ 531. Petition of the Kational Council of the Sons and Daugh­ ous other residents of the State of Indiana, praying for the ters of Liberty, favoring legi lation that will provide for the defeat of bill H. R. 1020; · to provide for the regi. trf:\tion of registration of all aliens in the country and those seeking ad­ aliens, and for other purposes ; to the Committee on Immigra­ mission; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. tion. 532. By Mr. B"L""RTON: Papers in support ~f House bill 2854, granting a pension to William Camp; to the Committee on Pensions. SENATE 533. Also, papers in support of House bill 2853, granting an !loxDAY, Februaty 1, 1926 increase of pension to Julia A. Mason ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. MuiJ.·, D. D., offered the following 534. Also, papers in support of House bill 5717, granting a prayer: pension to Ella G. Knox; to the Committee on Inyalid Pensions. 0 God, our heavenly Father, we approach The~ this morning 535. AI o, papers in support of Hou e bill 28-19, for the relief with thanksgiving. Thou art the author of our being and of the heirs of Russell J. Norton; to the Committee on the from Thee we receive the good and perfect gifts of Thy love. Public Lands. As we enter upon another month, not knowing what a day or 536. Also, evidence in support of a bill (H. R. 8328) for the an hour may bring forth, may we ask from Thee gracious guid­ relief of Silas McElroy ; to the Committee on Claims. ance and helpfulness, that we may love mercy, that we may • 537 . .Also, evidence in support of a bill (H. R. 8327) for the walk in fear of Thy commandments, and so honor Thee that relief of Beatrice L. Manges ; to the Committee on Claims. with high appreciation of the best and the noble t things of 538. By Mr. COYLE: Petition by members of the faculty life, we may be conformed to Thy mind and will? Through of Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., urging the passage of House bill 8121, a bill to amend sections 15 and 16 of the copy­ Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. right law, approved March 4, 1909, so that books and pamphlets The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the pro­ produced by the mimeographic process will be admitted to copy­ ceedings of the legislative day of Saturday, January 16, 1926, right; to the Committee on Patents. when, on request of Mr. Jo:.TI:s of Washington and by unani­ 539. By Mr. DRIVER : Resolution of Chamber of Commerce, mous consent, the further reading was dispensed with and the Pine Biuff, Ark., approving the appointment of a committee to Journal was approved.