Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

Procedia CIRP 40 ( 2016 ) 324 – 328

13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing - Decoupling Growth from Resource Use Clusterization Economy as a Way to Build Sustainable Development of the Region

Vladimir Glinskiy*, Lyudmila Serga, Ekaterina Chemezova, Kirill Zaykov

Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russian Federation

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-913-396-76-17; fax: +7-383-224-5910. E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract

The article considers current issues of formation of sustainable development of regions of the Russian Federation. The creation of territorial clusters is a popular method of ensuring sustainable regional development in the today. Research prerequisite for creating of clusters revealed that many regions have the potential for clustering of the economy. The paper presents the methodology for statistical analyzing feasibility of establishing the economic clusters in the regions of the Russian Federation. This methodology was tested for the analysis of pilot clusters in the Russian Federation. The developed approaches will improve the quality and reliability of statistical information in assessing and analysing the effectiveness of public administration the sustainability of socio-economic phenomena and processes taking place in Russia. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Peer-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/review under responsibility of the International). Scientific Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. Peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientifi c Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing Keywords: clusterization economy; territorial clusters; sustainable Definitions

1. Definitions had selected 25 of pilot innovative territorial clusters, the activity of which is supported by the government. The formed Regional (economic) cluster - set of enterprises, clusters can be considered as "growth points" in the concentrated and localized in one area, and interrelated implementation of the second stage. economic and production processes. Stage 2 (2013-2020) – creation the conditions for a strong Sustainable development of the regions is the functioning impulse in the industrial development of the country, which is of the regional system in which the positive dynamics of the accompanied by the transition to new technologies and welfare of the population, carried out by a balanced innovation and the creation of industrial clusters. reproduction of social, industrial, economic, resource and Nowadays in the Russian Federation there are 20 individual environmental potentials of the region. having clusters (Table 1). [1, 2, 3, 4] The pilot Innovation Clusters - In the Russian Federation developed and implemented a "Concept of long term social 2. Introduction and economic development until 2020", approved by the Federal Government on November 17, 2008 №1662-p. This Russia's economy will be able to achieve sustained growth concept has two stages the country's transition to an only if the effectively using the internal potential of the innovative path of development. [1, 2] regions, because the international situation is unstable, the Stage 1 (2008-2012) – increase the competitive advantage processes of globalization are enhanced and growing pressure of industries that are typical for the Russian economy. One of of international competition. [5, 6] the bases of economic modernization put forward the Development of the Russian Federation regions is formation of high-tech industries through the creation of characterized by "innovation vector". Popular directions of regional clusters in the regions of the Russian Federation. In balanced rational innovative development today is the creation the framework of implementation of the first stage, the of territorial clusters. World experience of the last few decades Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation is replete with many examples of creation and functioning of

2212-8271 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.01.050 Vladimir Glinskiy et al. / Procedia CIRP 40 ( 2016 ) 324 – 328 325 cluster formations in the various economies. In the nineties of Fedina E.V. etc.; discussed in the Russian periodicals and the last century, many European countries have based their magazines: "Expert", "Innovation", "Alma Mater", "Region: development strategy on the creation of the national cluster Economics and Sociology" and others. [3] programs. The problem is being actively investigated by international organizations (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Table 1. The pilot innovation clusters in the Russian Federation started by the Development (OECD), EuroStat), the executive authorities of Government [5-8]. the Russian Federation and the leading research centers of the The region of the Russian Cluster country (Government of Russia, Ministry of Education and Federation Science (Russia), Ministry of Regional Development of Altai kray Altay biopharmaceutical cluster Arkhangelsk region Shipbuilding innovative territorial cluster Russia, Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) and Kaluga region Cluster pharmaceutical, biotechnology and others). biomedicine (Obninsk) This article is based on the hypothesis that the main Kemerovo region Complex processing of coal and industrial condition for the creation of regional clusters is the presence waste of industry specialization of the region. Krasnodar kray Cluster of innovative technologies ZATO Zheleznogorsk Leningrad region A cluster of medical, pharmaceutical, 3. State of the art radiation technologies Cluster "Zelenograd", New materials, laser The unified approach to the assessment of the clustering of and radiation technology (Troitsk) the economy to date is does not exist [9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Moscow region Innovative territorial cluster of nuclear physics and nanotechnology in , There is an abundance of qualitative and quantitative Biotechnological innovation territorial methods for identifying clusters and methods of assessment of cluster Puschino, Cluster "Fiztech XXI» their potential. The researchers mainly use quality assessment (Dolgoprudny, ) in the study of clusters is because the creation of cluster Nizhny Novgorod region Sarov innovative cluster, Nizhegorodsky arrangements influenced by a number of factors, which are industrial innovation cluster in the automotive and petrochemical industries often quite difficult to formalize. Novosibirsk region Innovation Cluster of information and Identification of clusters can be performed using methods biopharmaceutical technologies such as peer reviews, questionnaires, interviews, tools of the Perm kray Innovative territorial cluster of rocket theory of networks and graphs, SWOT- analysis, PEST- engine "Technopolis" New Star " analysis matrix "costs - Issue ', the analysis of agglomeration Republic of Petrochemical territorial cluster Bashkortostan effects. The use of these methods is difficult to formalize, so Republic of Mordovia Energy-efficient lighting and intelligent necessary to establish methods for the statistical analysis of lighting control systems clusters. The key to the identification of a cluster is the Republic of Tatarstan Kamsky innovative regional production definition of Porter M., which is based on three pillars: clusters territorial and sectoral borders, firms and institutions Samara region Innovative territorial aerospace cluster St. Peterburg The development of information interconnectedness. Definition sets us an algorithm for check technology, electronics, instrumentation, cluster. communications, and information and First, the scientist must decide territorial studies for telecommunications geographic unit is usually taken the region that is the territory Sverdlovsk region Titanium Cluster for which the data are collected by industry. Secondly, it is Tomsk region Pharmaceuticals, medical technology and information technology necessary to distinguish between the technological area that is Ulyanovsk region Nuclear Innovation Cluster in convenient to make, using national classifications such as Dimitrovgrad, the Ulyanovsk region, NACE. Consortium "Research and educational- Qualitative methods are used in the works of Porter M., production cluster" Ulyanovsk-Avia " Solvela O., Roberts B., Stimson R. and others. One of the Khabarovsk kray Innovative territorial cluster aerospace and shipbuilding qualitative methods is a survey of experts. In this case, the experts are the industry leaders, government representatives The main advantage of the cluster approach of regional and various organizations. Application of this method in development is the availability of a synergistic, multiplicative Russia hindered due to the lack of confidence among business effect, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of production representatives to each other in relation to the authorities and activities. representatives of educational institutions as well as It is necessary to emphasize the importance and urgency of controversial is the idea of clustering economy. [11] economic and statistical study of the processes of economy The choice of method of analysis envy of objectives of the clustering and territorial clusters. [7, 8] study of the clusters. A lot of attention is paid to the problems of economic Economic research of clusters can be carried out in such substantiation of creation of clusters and economic analysis of directions as: their activities in the scientific literature in recent years. x Analysis of cluster specialization These issues are being actively studied in the works of x The level of localization, geographic concentration Kuleshov V., Suslov V.I., Menshenina I.G., Kapustina L.V., x Analysis of the preconditions for the formation of the Markova L.V., Miteneva V.V., Gulov I.M., Ekimova K.V., cluster and its future effectiveness 326 Vladimir Glinskiy et al. / Procedia CIRP 40 ( 2016 ) 324 – 328

x The study of the multiplicity of economic agents d GRP K spec i (2) x Analysis of competition and cooperation of cluster i d GDP members i K spec - coefficients of specialization of i-th sector in x The study of the critical mass, the assessment multiplier i economy of region; effect d GRP - the share of i-th sector in the gross regional x The life cycle of clusters i product; x Analysis of innovation of cluster d GDP - the share of i-th sector in gross domestic product of The article is devoted to the analysis technique i country. preconditions for the formation of a cluster. To assess the sectoral specialization of the region, it is This study was conducted in the statistics for the first time. necessary to evaluate the contribution of each sector in total value added of the region. The initial data was used official 4. Information Base statistical information about the structure of GRP in the context of the main sections of the industrial classification in Information base of research created using official 80 regions of the Russian Federation and the sectoral statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service: the composition of GDP for 2013. [24, 25, 26] content of the official web site of Rosstat (http://www.gks.ru/), statistical collections of the socio- 6. The main results of the research economic situation of the regions of the Russian Federation, the development of science, education and innovation in The result of the calculation equation of the probit and the Russia territorial aspect. [24, 25, 26] logit regression are obtained the likelihood of a cluster in the Calculations use software packages: Microsoft Office specific regions, depending on the industry conditions. Excel, StatSoft STATISTICA 12.

xf 2,02,01,04,14,03,04,5)( xxxxxx 654321  (3)  6,01,10,20,13,33,11,0 xxxxxxx 5. Probit and Logit regression as an instrument of analysis 987 10 11 12 13

of sectoral prerequisites creating a cluster in the region. xf 1,11,03,07,12,09,01,5)( xxxxxx 654321  (4)  0,11,27,33,21,58,12,0 xxxxxxx Important prerequisites for the creation territorial cluster 987 10 11 12 13

are convenient geographical location and the availability of where necessary infrastructure. However, the main condition for the x – coefficients of specialization on Agriculture, hunting clustering of the regional economy is the existence sectoral 1 and forestry specialization of the region. [14, 15, 16, 17] x – coefficients of specialization on Mining To prove this thesis were calculated the probability of 2 x – coefficients of specialization on Manufacturing occurrence territorial clusters in the regions using the 3 x – coefficients of specialization on Production and instruments of probit and logit regression because there is no 4 distribution of electricity, gas and water clear criteria for inclusion the region to cluster formed type. x – coefficients of specialization on Building [18, 19] 5 x – coefficients of specialization on Wholesale and retail It is known, ordinary regression model has a number of 6 trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, household goods disadvantages and are not always able to accurately predict the and personal items value of the variable. [20, 21, 22]. Therefore, to solve x – coefficients of specialization on Hotels and restaurants problems of prediction of continuous values of the dependent 7 x – coefficients of specialization on Transport and variable, which in this case is the likelihood of a cluster in a 8 communications given region, using probit and logit regression. x – coefficients of specialization on Real estate operations, The main task of estimating the parameters of a probit and 9 rent and services logit regression is finding function x10 – coefficients of specialization on Public administration and defense; social insurance cxf )( 110 ...  DDDD xx nn (1) x11 – coefficients of specialization on Education x – coefficients of specialization on Health care and social where D , D ,..., D - parameters of the model; x ,..., x - 12 0 1 n 1 n services values of the independent factors [19]. x – coefficients of specialization on Other community, The indicator of the presence or absence of a cluster on a 13 social and personal services given region was chosen as the dependent variable in the Equations are statistically significant as the level of model of probit and logit regression. Dependent variable value significance is much less than the permissible error of 5%. of 0 means the absence of a cluster in the region, the value 1 - This indicates the high quality of the resulting equations and in the regions there are one or more economic clusters. their suitability for classification of subjects of the Russian As predictors in the regression equation are used the Federation on the suitability of the formation of economic coefficients of sectoral specialization of the regional economy, clusters. For further evaluations will be used probit regression calculated by formula (Equation 2): equation, because the results is similar, but the logistics of distribution feature is a "heavy tails". Vladimir Glinskiy et al. / Procedia CIRP 40 ( 2016 ) 324 – 328 327

The equations then used to calculate the probability of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Samara region, creating clusters. Perm Kray, the Republic of Tatarstan. Comparing the data in Table 1 and the results of Identified subjects, creating clusters in which inappropriate calculations shown in Table 2, it can be concluded that almost based on the presence of sectoral assumptions: Mordovia, all of formed clusters presently justify their existence in Altai and others. In addition, it identified a number of actors regions Russian based prerequisite sectoral specialization of who for some reason were not included in the number of pilot regions. cluster programs, but in 2013 the industry had the highest potential for clustering: Tula region, Kaliningrad region. Table 2. The feasibility of creation of clusters in the regions of the Russian Thus, the results of the research confirmed the thesis that Federation based on the presence of the prerequisites industry (based on data for 2013). the main condition for the creation of the territorial cluster is the presence of sectoral specialization in the region. This The region of the The The region of the The confirms the necessity and appropriateness of existing state of Russian Federation probability Russian Federation probability Altai kray 0,080 Perm kray 0,582 the cluster and innovation policy. Amur region 0,109 Primorsky kray 0,234 Arkhangelsk 0,211 Pskov region 0,004 7. Conclusion region Astrakhan region 0,027 Republic of Adygea 0,017 This paper proposes a methodology of statistical study of Belgorod region 0,004 Republic of Altai 0,001 Bryansk region 0,092 Republic of 0,656 the processes of clustering economy. Given an algorithm for Bashkortostan estimating industry-specific prerequisites for formation of Vladimir region 0,336 Republic of Buryatia 0,155 regional clusters. Volgograd region 0,121 Republic of Dagestan 0,000 The study showed that many of the economic clusters in Vologda region 0,383 Republic of Ingushetia 0,000 Russia have a real basis for their establishment in the form of Voronezh region 0,550 Republic of Kalmykia 0,000 Moscow 0,855 Republic of Karelia 0,023 industrial specialization of the region. Further development of St. Petersburg 0,995 Republic of Komi 0,413 regional clusters based on industry specialization should lead Jewish Autonomous 0,000 Mari El Republic 0,023 to the sustainable development of the region and the country. Region Zabaykalsky kray 0,311 Republic of Mordovia 0,071 Acknowledgements Ivanovo region 0,024 Republic of Sakha 0,195 (Yakutia) Irkutsk region 0,278 Republic of North 0,000 The work was performed as part of an internal research Ossetia - Alania grant in Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Kabardino-Balkar 0,002 Republic of Tatarstan 0,625 Management in 2015 for the project "Clustering the territory's Republic economy: geostatistical analysis." Kaliningrad region 0,775 Republic of Tuva 0,000 Kaluga region 0,568 Republic of Khakassia 0,037 Kamchatka region 0,000 Rostov region 0,096 References Republic of 0,345 Ryazan region 0,141 Karachay-Cherkess [1] Order of the Government of the Russian Federation № 1662-p dated Kemerovo region 0,052 Samara region 0,721 17.11.2008 "On the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of Kirov region 0,017 Saratov region 0,017 the Russian Federation for the period till 2020". Kostroma region 0,067 Sakhalin region 0,073 [2] Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the Krasnodar kray 0,410 Sverdlovsk region 0,757 period up to 2020. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Krasnoyarsk kray 0,006 Smolensk region 0,055 Federation dated December 8, 2011 № 2227-p. Kurgan region 0,021 Stavropol kray 0,000 [3] Expert [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.expert.ru. Kursk region 0,528 Tambov region 0,001 [4] Russian Cluster Observatory [Electronic resource] URL: Leningrad region 0,260 Tver region 0,196 http://cluster.hse.ru/ Lipetsk region 0,000 Tomsk region 0,892 [5] Serga LK. On Approaches to Solution of the Problem of Fuzzy Magadan region 0,787 Tula region 0,513 Aggregations. Vestnik NSUEM, 2013; 3. p. 83-91. Moscow region 0,002 Tyumen region 0,470 [6] Glinskiy V, Serga L, Chemezova E, Zaykov K. On Estimating Threshold Murmansk region 0,860 Republic of Udmurtia 0,114 Values in Solving the Problem of Data Classification. Voprosi Statistici, Nizhny Novgorod 0,299 Ulyanovsk region 0,279 2014; 12. p. 30-36. region [7] Glinskiy VV, Serga LK, Khvan MS. Environmental Safety of the Region: Novgorod region 0,995 Khabarovsk kray 0,238 New Approach to Assessment. 12th Global Conference on Sustainable Novosibirsk region 0,465 Chelyabinsk region 0,498 Manufacturing – Emerging Potentials. Edited By Günther Seliger and Omsk region 0,058 Chechen Republic 0,002 Noordin Mohd. Yusof, Procedia CIRP, 2015; Vol. 26. p. 30–34. Orenburg region 0,183 Republic of Chuvashia, 0,327 doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.08.017 Orel region 0,211 Chukotka Autonomous 0,000 [8] Chemezova EY. Statistical Methods in the Solution of the Applied Okrug. Problems of the Development of Territory. Vestnik NSUEM, 2013. 4. p. Penza o region 0,080 Yaroslavl region 0,505 153-165. [9] Innobarometer on cluster’s role in facilitating innovation in Europe / The results showed an assessment of the adequacy of pilot Analytical report. Survey organized and managed by the Eurobarometer clusters based on the availability of sectoral premises. Team of Directorate-General «Communication», 2006. [10] Jacobs D. Clusters industrial policy and firms strategy. A menu approach Justified, in our view, the parameters for both the industry is technology analysis and strategic management, 1996, 8. p. 425–437. the creation of economic clusters in Moscow, St. Petersburg, [11] Porter M. The Competitive Advantage of Nations: With a New Introduction. N.Y.: The Free Press, Palgrave Tenth Edition, 1998. 328 Vladimir Glinskiy et al. / Procedia CIRP 40 ( 2016 ) 324 – 328

[12] Rosenfeld SA. Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economicdevelopment. European planning studies,1997, 5. p. 3–23. [13] Babikova AV, Fedotova AY. Methodological approaches to the identification of cluster formations. Economics and Management of innovative technologies, 2013; 12. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2013/12/3421 [14] Dreving SR. To develop a long-term program of socio-economic development of Russia. Problems of transition to innovative economy. Problems of modern economy, 2009; 2 (30). [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.m-economy.ru/art.php?nArtId=2536 [15] Klimova TB, Vaganova OV. The intensification of innovation processes in the region, based on the clustering of the economy. Vestnik of the Voronezh State University. Series: Economics and Management, 2009; 2. p. 47-53 [16] Skoch AV. The synergistic effect of cluster-investment: the methods of quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Management in Russia and abroad, 2008; 3. p. 23-30. [17] Lindqvist G. Disentangling Clusters: Agglomeration and Proximity Effects. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D, Stockholm School of Economics, 2009. [18] Zaykov KA, Khvan MS, Chemezova EY. Innovative sustainable development of the regions in terms of clustering economy / International Youth Symposium on Management, Economics and Finance: collection of scientific articles. Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan, University Press, 2014. [19] Glinskiy VV, Serga LK, Khvan MS, Filatov SA. Development of a Technique for Statistical Estimation of the Level of Sustainable Development of Socio-Economic Systems. Ideas and Ideals, 2013; V. 1, 3. p. 48-56. [20] Glinskiy VV. Statistical Methods to Support Management Decisions: Monograph. Publishing NSUEM, Novosibirsk. (Statisticheskie metody podderzhki upravlencheskih reshenij), 2008. [21] Glinskiy VV, Ionin VG. Statistical analysis: Textbook. 3rd ed., Rev. and add. INFRA-M, Moscow, 2002. p. 104-110. [22] Dubrov AM, Mkhitaryan VS, Troshin LI. Multivariate statistical methods. Finance and Statistics, Moscow, 1998. [23] Econometrics. Textbook / Ed. I.I. Eliseeva. "Finance and Statistics", Moscow, 2003. [24] The central statistical database [Electronic resource] URL: http://cbsd.gks.ru [25] Regions of Russia. The main characteristics of the Russian Federation. 2013: Stat. yearbook / Rosstat, Moscow, 2014. [26] Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2014: Stat. yearbook / Rosstat, Moscow, 2013.