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International Science & Technology Center ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS

ISTC MARKS ITS 10TH ANNIVERSARY

2 OBJECTIVES

3 STATEMENTS

6 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

8 EVENTS

10 PROGRAMS

28 ORGANIZATION

32 PROJECT FUNDING Dear Partners and Friends of the ISTC,

In November 2002, the International Science and Technology Center marked the 10th anniversary of the signing of the Agreement that laid the foundation for a new model of international cooperation in nonproliferation and world security.

During these 10 years, the Center and its Partners have provided nearly $500 million in grants, equipment, travel and training support for peaceful fundamental and applied research projects. These pro- jects have engaged more than 51,000 sci- entists and engineers from almost 700 insti- tutes, research centers and production facili- ties, using many of the best scientists from not only Russia and the CIS, but also many for- eign collaborators from Japan, the Republic of Korea, Norway, the European Union, and the United States. At the ISTC in Moscow and its regional offices in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic, more than 160 associates work together to provide dedicated support and assistance to project participants and ISTC Partners.

The ISTC has become an efficient tool for matching the needs of world industry with rele- vant expertise in Russia and the CIS. The pool of ISTC Partners, which includes major scien- tific organizations and many leading private sector companies, is expanding as industry leaders discover research and technology development in Russia and the CIS.

We at ISTC wish to extend our sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and are supporting the ISTC nonprolif- eration mission and contributing to its peaceful, cooperative scientific efforts.

Thank you, ISTC Staff ISTC – Accomplishing Its Objectives

The objectives of the NONPROLIFERATION THROUGH ISTC are to: SCIENCE COOPERATION • Provide weapons scientists in the CIS the opportunity to redirect their talents to peaceful activities The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) was established by intergovern- mental agreement in November 1992. • Support basic and applied research and technology development

• Contribute to the transition to market-based economies In 2002, ISTC accomplished:

• Foster the integration of • New science project funding for 249 projects in the amount of $84.6 scientists and engineers from million. Of this, $40.8 million for 94 projects was provided by ISTC CIS states into the global scientific community Partners.

• Contribute to solving national • Direct grant payments to 25,857 scientists and their team members, 2 and international technical amounting to $39 million. Total redirection supported by the ISTC in problems 2002 is equivalent to 7,690 full-time person-years.

• Addition of 31 new Partner organizations, who have provided over $110 million in project funding since program inception.

• Expanded funding for seminars, workshops, and scientist travel, to strengthen international exchanges on ISTC projects and programs.

Partnership through the ISTC addresses initiatives from government agencies and programs, private industry, international organizations – strengthening scientist-to-scientist exchange, and promoting long-term integration and mutual benefits for all participants.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 STATEMENT FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

The year 2002 saw significant progress in Russian Federation and the Newly the development of the Mission and the Independent States. These improvements operations of the International Science and are essential for the organization of Technology Center. The Parties through the Partnership, which will also help to realize Governing Board have confirmed the mutual benefits for all Parties and Partner Mission of the Center in recognition of its organizations. Mutual benefits are the key for valuable practice and experience in con- ongoing, growing international cooperation tributing to the nonproliferation of knowl- and thus essential for sustainable ISTC edge needed for the development and pro- results. Three major changes in the ISTC duction of weapons of mass destruction. Secretariat will support the operational evolu- Scientific cooperation managed by the tion to Partnership: the implementation of a Center has created mutual trust and under- programmatic, targeted approach for cooper- standing between the Parties and the ative science and technology projects; the Prof. Dr. Michael Kroening was born in Scientific Communities of concern. The creation of a Partner Department, which will Weixdorf/Dresden, Germany, and received Parties to the ISTC, and more importantly attract and service industry and public orga- his Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics 3 the scientists themselves, have benefited nizations as part of the ISTC Partner from the Johannes Gutenberg-University from the results of trust building coopera- Program; and the streamlining of ISTC ser- in Mainz in 1974. Dr. Kroening has held positions of Research Scientist at the Max tion. They are prepared to share responsi- vice functions to improve efficiency. Planck Institute for Chemistry, and headed bility and join in partnership their efforts and quality assurance research at Siemens ideas to minimize the risk of misuse of sci- The staff of the ISTC Secretariat has met AG - Kraftwerk-Union in Erlangen. In entific knowledge. The Center has evolved these challenges. We could agree on a new 1990, he was appointed Director of the to Partnership – a future model for interna- organization and new procedures which will renowned Fraunhofer-Institut for tional cooperative science programs target- help us to become more competent in Nondestructive Testing IZFP and named ed on Nonproliferation. And the growing Science and Technology Program manage- Professor at the University of Saarbrueken threat of global terrorism has made the ment, to be proactive and customer oriented as Chair of Nondestructive Testing and Center Mission and its evolution to in recognition of Partner objectives, and to Quality Assurance. He was member of Partnership even more important and work as professionals according to interna- the German Reactor Safety Commission urgent. tional best practices. The Parties and the RSK until 1999. His professional member- ships include the scientific advisory board management of the Secretariat highly of the German Society of Nondestructive With the reaffirmation of its Mission, the appreciate this great commitment to serving Testing, Chairman of the advisory board Secretariat was instructed by the Governing our Mission, which will help us promote safe of Q-Net GmbH. Dr. Kroening is an Board to adjust its programs and its organi- and peaceful global Partnership. Honorary Fellow and Professor at several zation. The focus of ISTC programs has to societies and universities in the Russian reflect the improvements made in the Michael Kroening Federation and India.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 STATEMENT FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE ISTC GOVERNING BOARD

The Parties to the International Science nize that international security issues are and Technology Center (ISTC) seek to deeply imbedded in modern technology. benefit humanity through cooperation in the Much important technology is inherently advancement of science and technology. "dual use," applicable to violent as well as Thus, the value of the ISTC grows as sci- peaceful uses. Modern societies are ence becomes more intensely internation- enhanced by advanced technology, but al. Ideas, resources, and talent now move populations and infrastructure remain vul- rapidly across borders. Information tech- nerable to technology attacks from hostile nology is further reducing the barriers of actors including terrorists. With the dan- time and distance as academic and indus- gers of weapons of mass destruction trial organizations are increasingly net- expanding to include technology-empow- Dr.Ronald F.Lehman II, the Chairman of the 4 Governing Board of the ISTC, is the Director worked and decentralized. By integrating ered terrorism, governments seek more of the Center for Global Security Research the resources and comparative advantage ways to cooperate in coping with new at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. of institutions around the globe, many pro- challenges. Previously he was the Director of the jects once thought impossible are now U.S.Arms Control and Disarmament underway. And all science benefits from the The International Science and Technology Agency, Assistant Secretary of Defense, multidisciplinary synergism and inspiration Center offers important insights into science Chief START Negotiator, and Deputy made possible by working with the best cooperation on behalf of international secu- Assistant to the President of the USA.In science and technology, no matter where it rity. The ISTC remains focused on its mis- 1995 he was named to the President’s is located. sion of nonproliferation, but it offers broad Advisory Board on Arms Proliferation Policy. tools for advancing science, defense con- In troubled regions of the world, however, version, economic growth, environmental the great promise of science for enhancing mitigation, and other common objectives. prosperity, freedom, and security is threat- The ISTC offers an international organiza- ened by the proliferation of weapons of tion with an intensely intergovernmental mass destruction - nuclear, biological, process that permits its diverse membership chemical. The Parties to the ISTC recog- to come together to address overlapping

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 needs. It is an open organization that can prototype for future international science deal responsibly with sensitive personnel, cooperation on sensitive grand challenges technology, and facilities. involving the environment, energy, counter- terrorism, and commerce as well as nonpro- The ISTC provides an umbrella framework for liferation. The ISTC is also changing. With engaging industry, academia, government European Union expansion, membership agencies, and NGOs while promoting best could someday involve perhaps 40 nations, practices and protection of intellectual prop- and the transition to partnership implies erty. It offers branch offices to communicate more shared burdens and benefits. locally, and it provides secure funding to be a Partners' projects may exceed direct gov- significant catalyst. With nearly $500 Million ernment funding, putting more weight on spent thus far and funding now reaching commercialization and meeting the newest 5 some 26,000 scientists each year, the ISTC international standards and best practices. funds the equivalent of more than 7,500 full time scientists a year in Armenia, Belarus, The members of the Governing Board join Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, me in expressing our appreciation to the the Russian Federation, and soon Tajikistan. Parties and to ISTC personnel at the The European Union, Japan, Norway, the Moscow Headquarters and in the Branch Republic of Korea and the United States each and Regional Offices for their efforts to meet contributes and benefits as well. the new challenges. They have taken important steps to strengthen ISTC policy, History is likely to record 2003 as a year of procedures, and staff. The ISTC is not a great transformation in the relationship large organization, but it has been influential between science and international security. precisely because it works well in the inter- Whether this change will be more positive est of all the Parties. than negative remains an open question. In this context, the ISTC has become a vital Ronald F. Lehman II

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 2002 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

To fulfill its nonproliferation mission, the ISTC Parties, Partners, and project Collaborators contribute financial, in-kind, and human resources to the Center. These resources are used to engage weapons scientists and technical team members in peaceful scientific projects through the Science Project and Partner Programs. Additionally, the European Union, Japan, United States, Norway, and the Republic of Korea con- tribute to the Center Administrative Operating Budget and other ISTC programs that support nonproliferation. For detailed information, refer to the audited Financial Statements.

New Project Party Amount Other EU Funding by Partners SOURCE EU ...... $16 040 842 Japan ...... $6 163 324 Japan Korea ...... $242 850 Korea USA ...... $21 073 710 Partners ...... $40 833 294 Other ...... $237 296 6 Total: ...... $84 591 316 USA

New Project Funding by TECHNOLOGY AREA

Tech area No. of projects Allocated funds

Biotechnology and Life Sciences. . . . . 56 ...... $25 015 406 Space, Aircraft and Surface Chemistry...... 21.Physics ...... $5Transportation 344 726

Environment...... 40 ...... $9 906 820 Other Biotechnology Fission Reactors...... 19 ...... $6 143 615 and Life Non-Nuclear Sciences Fusion...... 2 ...... $340 000 Energy Information and Communications. . . . . 8 ...... $2 171 211 Materials Instrumentation...... 11 ...... $3 329 771 Manufacturing Technology Manufacturing Technology...... 14 ...... $10 439 705 Materials...... 25 ...... $7 394 789

Non-Nuclear Energy...... 10 ...... $4 129 018 Instrumentation Chemistry Other...... 8 ...... $2 139 971 Information and Environment Physics...... 32 ...... $7 784 614 Communications Fusion Fission Reactors Space, Aircraft and Surface Transportation...... 3 ...... $451 670

Total:...... 249 ...... $84 591 316

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 New Project Funding by LOCATION OF LEAD INSTITUTE Armenia Belarus

Country No. of projects Allocated funds Russia Georgia Armenia...... 15 ...... $3 232 527 Belarus...... 6 ...... $1 703 028 Georgia...... 15 ...... $2 695 388 Kazakstan Kazakstan...... 19 ...... $6 855 434 Kyrgyz Republic . . . 11 ...... $3 007 997 Kyrgyz Republic Russia...... 183 ...... $67 096 942

Total:...... 249 ...... $84 591 316

Participants Redirected to The ISTC paid 25,857 project participants US$39,018,234 in grant payments for a total of 1,691,672 person-days of effort ISTC Projects in 2002 on ISTC projects in 2002. 8,275 Participants by 7 Days Redirected 5,488 3,548 2,593 3,040 1,851 1,062 No. of people 25,857

days 1 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Over 200 Total

Participants by Country / Region

Region Number of people

Armenia ...... 1162 Belarus ...... 682 Georgia ...... 961 Kazakhstan ...... 1,690 Kyrgyz Republic ...... 338 Russia / Moscow ...... 8,319 / St.Petersburg ...... 1,915 / Chelyabisk ...... 1,760 / Novosibirsk ...... 1,452

Others Belarus Armenia / Nizhny Novgorod ...... 3,960 Georgia Kazakhstan Others ...... 3,618 Kyrgyz Republic Russia / Moscow

Russia / Chelyabisk Russia / Novosibirsk Total: ...... 25,857 Russia / St.Petersburg

Russia / Nizhny Novgorod

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 2002 OFFICIAL EVENTS

• The 23rd Meeting of the ISTC Scientific Advisory Committee was held at Epochal Tsukuba Congress Center in Tsukuba, Japan.

• The Executive Director was received by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Mr. Askar Avayev, for discussions on Kyrgyz national priorities in science and technology.

• The ISTC Governing Board held its 27th meeting at State Residence “Ala Archa” in Bishkek, approving 61 projects repre- senting $17 million in funding. The Governing Board welcomed Persident Akayev and Prof. Kroening discussing cooperation Piotr Vityaz, First Vice President of the National Academy of between the ISTC and Kyrgyz scientists Sciences, to represent Belarus on the ISTC Governing Board. 8 • The ISTC visited the Republic of Korea to promote Korean partic- ipation in ISTC programs. The ISTC delegation was welcomed by the Vice-Minister of Science and Technology, Mr. Yoo, and was hosted by several major industry groups including the Korea Industrial Technology Association.

• The 24th Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee was held at the Russian Scientific Center of Applied Chemistry (RSCAC) in St. Petersburg, Russia.

• The Republic of Tajikistan announced its intention to officially accede to the ISTC Agreement.

• The ISTC Executive Director met with Mr. Luk Hermans, Dutch Minister for Education, Science and Research in Moscow for dis- cussions on international science programs.

ISTC welcomes Academician Pyotr Vityaz to the Governing Board in 2002

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 • On the occasion of Denmark assuming the European Union Presidency, the ISTC welcomed the Head of the European Union delegation in Moscow, Mr. R. Wright and the Ambassador of Denmark to the Russian Federation, H.E. Lars Vissing, for dis- cussions on EU programs and coordination with the ISTC.

• The ISTC conducted it 28th Funding Session, approving 34 pro- jects representing over $10 million in funding.

• The ISTC Governing Board approved the accession of the Republic of Tajikistan to the ISTC Agreement.

• The ISTC welcomed a delegation from the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, including its new Executive Director, Mr. Yves Carmel.

• The Executive Director visited Kamchatka, Russia at the invitation Head of EU delegation and Ambassador L. Vissing 9 at the ISTC Headquarters of the Far East Branch of the Academy of Sciences.

• The ISTC welcomed a delegation from Canada for discussions on accession to the ISTC Agreement.

• The ISTC Governing held its 29th meeting at the ISTC Headquarters in Moscow, approving 60 new projects representing $18 million in funding.

• The Royal Danish Embassy in Moscow hosted the ISTC Governing Board delegations at a reception dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the ISTC Agreement.

• The ISTC participated in the Nonproliferation and Disarmament Cooperation Initiative and European Nuclear Cities Initiative con- ferences in Brussels, Belgium.

ISTC delegation visiting the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Science Project Program

The Science Project Program is the most Activity in 2002 comprehensive nonproliferation activity con- ducted by the ISTC. Through this program, Projects were reviewed and approved at three Kyrgyz Republic. The majority of projects audit- the ISTC solicits scientific project proposals (3) funding sessions, allocating $44 million to ed were accompanied by technical experts from from institutes throughout the CIS and pro- 155 projects. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, vides funding and logistic support to project Financial audits were conducted on 248 pro- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, teams. Project teams receive written con- jects (including 210 final audits and 38 annual NASA Glenn Research Center, NASA Kennedy currence from the host country on whose audits) through on-site ISTC staff visits to 386 Space Center, George Washington University, territory their research will be conducted, institutes (337 institutes for final audits and 49 US Army Biological Arms Control Treaty Office, and then develop and execute their project institutes for annual audits). Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and with foreign collaborating organizations. A total of 36 projects were audited by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Foreign collaborators ensure that the project Defense Contract Audit Agency, for a total of 57 and their technical team goals contribute to the state-of-the-art in 25,857 scientists the field, and results will find applications to site visits. The audited projects funded/co- members were paid for at least one day of real problems in basic and applied research. funded by the Department of State included 23 activity on ISTC projects; average number of The ISTC has funded hundreds of project project in Russia, 2 projects in Armenia, 2 pro- days team members worked on an ISTC pro- teams through this program and directed jects in Kazakhstan, and 2 projects in the ject: 65. the efforts of over 51,000 CIS researchers to peaceful science. Intellectual Soil Every day millions tons of dust rise in the atmo- adhesion. After spraying, the mixture saturates Terms for participation in the ISTC Science sphere and travel with the wind, sometimes the upper layer of soil, and as rain dissolves the Project Program are codified in binding affecting areas hundreds and thousands of fertilizer, polyelectrolites and soil particles stick 10 Project Agreements signed by the ISTC and CIS institute management. Based on the kilometers away. Dust is a menace enough in together forming a strong protective crust, Project Agreement, grant payments and itself, but it becomes many times more danger- which still allows water and air to penetrate equipment for project research are provided ous when it originates from sites subjected to treated soil. Moreover, these polyelectrolites free of taxes and import duties to the CIS radioactive or chemical contamination. have another notable feature: they are capable scientific teams. Project Agreements also Scientists from All-Russian Scientific Research of swelling in water. Thus, protective crust stipulate terms for monitoring and auditing Institute of Non-Organic Materials (VNIINM) absorbs water from dew or mist, and becomes of the project and site, to ensure adherence and from the Department of Chemistry of the a source of moisture for the soil below it. to the financial and technical goals set out Moscow State University in the framework of Field test proved that polymer-protected in the Agreement. The ISTC Secretariat and the ISTC Project # 0589 found an efficient «intellectual» soil is no longer vulnerable from Parties' representatives regularly participate solution to prevention of soil erosion and erosion and becomes much more fertile than in monitoring project progress. spread of contaminated dust. untreated areas. Presently, VNIINM and MSU In close collaboration with their colleagues from scientists are working on a follow-up ISTC the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Project # 1567 aimed at further improvement of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, protective polymer characteristics. Says Project Russian scientists invented and tested a poly- Manager S. Mikheykin of VNIINM Bochvar: mer that turns ordinary soil intellectual. A liter of «The ISTC grant enabled us to develop the this polymer sprayed over 1 square meter of protective crust technology and a method to soil forms a 3 mm thick protective layer that not apply both the polymer and grass seeds to the only prevents further erosion, but ensures soil. This considerably speeds up formation of favorable conditions for normal development of strong and healthy sod. But apart from funding vegetation and soil microorganisms. The poly- the research, the ISTC support has helped us mer is based on a combination of differently to fulfill another major task: to preserve our sci- charged polyelectrolites and a substance entific team in a challenging financial situation, MSU chemists – participants of ISTC Projects (potassium nitrate or other mineral fertilizer) and to re-direct weapons scientists to solution 0589 and 1567. that prevents polyelectrolites from premature of ecological problems.»

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 An Airborne Laser to Protect Environment

Industry analysts estimate that up to 10-15% a light airplane or automated hot-air balloon. of natural gas transported in overland pipes A laboratory prototype of the analyzer was leaks into the atmosphere. A cost-effective constructed, assembled, and tested under remote method to detect and pinpoint leaks the scope of the ISTC project #0142 funded would provide significant cost savings and by the United States and the European help protect the environment. Such technol- Union. When the project was successfully ogy was developed and a device was completed, the ISTC targeted this technolo- designed and built by former nuclear gy as having high commercial potential and weapons developers at VNIIEF(Sarov). began its promotion to potential strategic The VNIIEF technology applies a powerful investors. DF laser to detect leaks from the air while the In 2001, the ISTC identified a California gas is flowing. The presence of methane, company interested in commercializing the ethane, propane, butane and other accom- technology and creating a joint venture with panying gases is recognized by means of VNIIEF. The business model envisioned is differential absorption. The measuring sys- that the California firm will dedicate its fleet of tem is built to withstand conditions on-board small aircraft to over-flying pipelines as a service business; VNIIEF 11 would provide continuing R&D, manufacturing and maintenance. The initial stage of the partner project for manufacturing a flight prototype was registered at the ISTC in September 2002. Together with its strategic investor, the VNIIEF team is investigating other industri- al applications of the DF Laser and Differential Absorption Analyzer tech- nique. Examples include remote detection and mon- itoring of: infestation and/or identification of flora in agricultural or forested areas, measurement of depth and area of oil spills, and other hydrocarbon marine pollutants.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Partner Program

The Partner Program provides opportunities Activity in 2002 for private industry, scientific institutions, and other governmental or non-govern- Forty-one (41) new Partner organizations Ninety-four (94) Partner projects repre- mental organizations to fund research at joined the ISTC; senting $40.8 million were approved for CIS institutions via the ISTC. Partners ben- total Partners at the end of 2002: 176 funding. efit from the ISTC infrastructure which per- Full list of ISTC Partners is available at the Total Partner contribution since program mits tax-free direct payments to CIS project ISTC web site. inception exceeds $113 million. teams and duty-free import of project equipment. CIS institutes and project teams benefit from their close cooperation with foreign Partners and the application of their Georgian Arsenic Goes Hi Tech technical skills to important and current sci- entific and industrial problems. On May 26, 2002 the Research and their German partners from Fraunhofer Production Complex (RPC) «Electron Institut fuer Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefverfahren Summary of Advantages available Technology» of Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State (IZFP) work on X-ray and microwave sen- to ISTC Partners: University was honored by a visit from the sors to be used in nondestructive testing Established ISTC project management equipment. Direct- infrastructure converting X-ray Exemption from all taxes and customs sensors are the duties on payments and imports heart of rapidly Direct payments in US$ to project developing digital scientists radiography. And 12 Financial control and regular audits, GaAs-based in compliance with GAAP Project agreements stipulating rights and microwave sensors privileges of the Partner and Institute are much more effi- Host government support and pre- cient compared to approval for projects other available sen- Strict protection of business confidential sor systems for non- information destructive testing. Once the project has New Partner organizations are introduced to been completed, the ISTC by the ISTC Party on whose terri- ISTC Project Manager Dr. N. Khuchua describing her work to President RPC «Electron tory the Partner is located. Full information Shevardnadze Technology» will be on becoming an ISTC Partner is available President of Georgia, Mr. Eduard able to manufacture these sensors for com- from the Parties, ISTC Secretariat, and is located on the ISTC website. Shevardnadze. The scientists of the RPC used mercial application. that opportunity to present to the high guest It was noted during President their latest achievements in fundamental and Shevardnadze’s visit that this international applied research much of which is supported effort goes perfectly in line with the long through a number of international programs. approved concept of adding a final hi tech RPC «Electron Technology» specializes in product component to the Georgian arsenic semiconductor devices and Gallium Arsenide production and processing industry. It also integrated circuits, and has been participating meets the ISTC objectives of integrating CIS in ISTC programs since 1994. former weapons scientists into the world sci- In the framework of their latest ISTC project entific community and supporting their transi- # G-801 Georgian scientists together with tion to the market-based economy.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC Supports International Research in Paleobiology

Russian and Japanese scientists have successfully com- pleted the first phase of the ISTC Project # 2491p «Study of Macro- and Microorganisms Excavated from Permafrost». The Project envisions complex research in order to find mammoth remains and new products of the microorgan- isms’ metabolism that might be used in biotechnology, medicine, and agricultural plants protection. In summer 2002, an expedition comprising scientists from several research centers of Gifu Province (Japan), State Research Center VECTOR and Institute of Applied Ecology of the North (Russia), as well as the ISTC, conducted excavations in the permafrost area north of the city of Yakutsk (Sakha Republic, Russian Federation). The expedition retrieved numerous remains of a mammoth including two frozen legs with flesh, skin and hair, and took samples of the per- Members of the Japan−Russia expedition mafrost soil for further research. To prevent melting and deterioration of tissue, the legs were immediately trans- 13 ported from the site to Yakutsk. At present, Japanese and Russian scientists are studying the possibility of using the genetic material in the frozen mammoth tissue for the cloning of this long extinct animal. Scientists at SRC VEC- TOR have already found a certain amount of undamaged cells in the recovered remains that theoretically are suitable for somatic cloning. Soil samples are being studied for the possibility of isolat- ing saprophytes. Psychrophilic microorganisms living in low temperature conditions could help researchers solve quite a number of technological problems, from developing new low temperature detergents to fighting oil spills in northern areas, where cold weather A mammoth bone recovered at the site greatly reduces efficiency of bacteria normally employed for the purpose. It is planned to set up an accessory collection of microorganisms at the VEC- TOR Research Center for the subsequent careful study of the isolated saprophytes. Undamaged cells discovered in the mammoth tissue

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Supporting Programs

Seminar Program Activity in 2002 International Seminar “Accelerators of enced the development of that field of sci- The ISTC organizes and conducts seminars Particles and Nuclei: Past, Present and ence. toward heightening the awareness of CIS Future (ISAPAN-02)” dedicated to the The seminar brought together scientists, who scientific potential, maintaining strong inter- memory of Acad. Veksler. had actively worked with V.I.Veksler, and national scientific cooperation between for- representatives of the younger scientific eign and CIS scientists, linking scientific Date: 4-6 March 2002 generation, which in itself was extremely potential with technology markets, and Place: Dubna, Moscow Region (Russia) useful and interesting. establishing cooperation with other interna- Budget: $15,000 The seminar reports and presentations deal- tional organizations and programs. Seminar ing with elementary particle physics and topics are of broad technical and global The international scientific seminar experimental methods of registration of par- “Accelerators of Particles and Nuclei: Past, ticle interactions outlined the historical per- interest and support the objectives of the Present and Future (ISAPAN-02)” was initi- spective of those scientific guidelines and Center and of other international nonprolif- ated and organized by the Director of the marked the prospects for the visible future. eration initiatives. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research to honor the 95th anniversary of the distinguished Fifth ISTC Scientific Advisory Committee Russian scientist in the field of accelerator (SAC) Seminar “Nanotechnologies in the physics and physics of elementary particles, areas of Physics, Chemistry, and Academician Vladimir Veksler. Biotechnology” About 200 participants from Russia and abroad attended the event. Among them Date: 27-29 May 2002 were representatives of large scientific cen- Place: St. Petersburg (Russia) ters such as CERN, DESY, FERMILAB, Budget: $40,000 14 Brookhaven, institutes from the JINR mem- ber-states and scientists, who had worked The seminar was devoted to the review of with Acad. Veksler. the advances in various fields of nanotech- nology and their applications in such areas The Seminar was opened by the introducto- as biology, medicine, production engineer- ry speech of the Chairman of the Program ing, diagnostics, etc. and Organizing Committee, Director of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Academician In his welcome speech, the Director of the V.G.Kadyshevsky. He outlined that discovery Ioffe Institute, Noble Prize winner, Acad. by V.I.Veksler of the phase stability principle Zhores Alferov stressed the significance and may be characterized as the turning-point in timely occurrence of the ISTC SAC seminar the development of the accelerator’s sci- on one of the most intriguing and important ence, after which it became clear how to areas of modern science, nanotechnology. build-up particle accelerators, to reach in the He mentioned the importance of the interna- laboratory conditions the particle energies as tional collaboration between scientists and high as seen only in the cosmic rays before. the role of organizations like ISTC in estab- This introductory speech was followed by lishing such cooperation. Presentation by Dr. several presentations devoted to the results Kroening, ISTC Executive Director, covering of the successful realization of Veksler’s ISTC activities and partnership prospects, ideas, which gave a new breakthrough in the raised profound interest of the participants. accelerator technique. The three-day technical program of the The main part of the seminar program was seminar covered about 40 oral and about devoted to particle physics. The representa- 100 poster presentations. Over 170 partici- tives of the JINR Bogolyubov's Laboratory of pants, including about 30 foreign specialists, Theoretical Physics presented large-scale represented 18 countries. During the special appreciation of the theory of elementary par- session, participants familiarized themselves ticle strong interaction; the state of the art of with the nanotechnology programs in the the nucleon structure problem and the research centers and ways of commercial- prospects of its studies; evaluation of the ization of the research results in Japan, USA, discoveries, that had been made and influ- and countries of the European Union.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

International Conference “Genetic Norway, and Bulgaria. The Conference free registration and received travel grants Consequences of Emergency Radiation participants displayed great interest in the to attend the conference. Situations” reports on ISTC projects in the fields of biology and medicine, and highly appreci- The Organizing Committee and partici- Date: 10-13 June 2002 ated their importance and practical value. pants of the Conference decided to hold Place: Moscow (Russia), Vavilov Main results of the conference were includ- the next Cytokine conference in June 2004, Institute of General Genetics of ed in the report to be presented by the in St. Petersburg. Russian Academy of Sciences Russian delegation in Vienna in February Budget: $20,000 2003 at the UN Scientific Committee ses- International Conference “Ecological sion on the effects of atomic radiation. Problems of the Utilization of Nuclear The Conference was dedicated to the 95th Submarines and Energy Development of birthday of a great geneticist, Academician International Conference “Cytokine – the Far-Eastern Region of Russia” Nikolai Dubinin (1907-1998), the founder Inflammation, Immunity” (ECOFLOT-2002) of the Institute of General Genetics of RAS, who gave origin to numerous trends in the Date: 23-26 June 2002 Date: 16-20 September 2002 field of general and radiation genetics. The Place: St. Petersburg (Russia) Place: Vladivostok (Russia) Conference agenda covered a wide range Budget: $20,000 Budget: $ 30,000 of contemporary problems of radiation genetics: radiation mutagenesis; genetic The main scientific topics of the conference The conference was organized by the consequences of emergency radiation sit- covered the following areas of the Cytokine Minatom of Russia, the ISTC, and the uations for humans, flora and fauna; results research: regulation of inflammation and International Center for Environmental and prospects of biological and medical immunity; medical microbiology and Safety of Minatom with active participation studies supported by the ISTC. About 55 biotechnology; immunoregulatory and of the Primorsky Territory Administration, oral and 50 poster presentations were dis- antimicrobial peptides; cytokines in oncol- Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Economy cussed at the section sessions. ogy; cytokines in radiobiology and toxicol- and Development, Ministry for Natural 15 Presentations were made by scientists from ogy; cytokine immunotherapy; cytokines in Resources and other Russian governmen- the institutes of the Ministry for Emergency autoimmune and allergic diseases; tal agencies and companies. The confer- Situations of the Russian Federation, cytokines in the pathogenesis and treat- ence dealt with quite a number of issues, Academy of Sciences, Academy of Medical ment of infectious diseases, etc. including current Russian and international Sciences, Academy of Agricultural approaches and technologies applied in Sciences of Russia and CIS countries. More than 400 participants from Russia, integrated nuclear-powered submarine Significant attention was paid to the scien- Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia, (NPS) decommissioning; monitoring and tific cooperation and joint works of the rep- Lithuania, Estonia, USA, Japan, France, rehabilitation of polluted sites and territo- resentatives of scientific centers in Israel, Switzerland, Great Britain, and ries; normative and legal aspects of envi- Obninsk, Pushchino and Dubna, and their Canada attended the conference. The con- ronmental safety; re-training of the retired colleagues from Mayak chemical plant ference audience included scientists, med- military personnel; medical and biological (Chelyabinsk Region) and Russian Federal ical doctors, clinical immunologists, PhD aspects of environmental and radiation Nuclear Center (Sarov). Special attention students, representatives of biomedical safety in nuclear submarine decommis- was given to the genetic consequences of companies. sioning. New and prospective technologies the Kyshtym and Chernobyl accidents, for the utilization of spent nuclear fuel as nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk The scientific program included 5 plenary well as of solid- and liquid radioactive testing site, and other emergency radiation reports, 3 reports for clinicians, 140 oral waste were presented. situations. presentations, and 159 poster presenta- tions. Main scientific topics included: The participants visited company “Zvezda”, During the opening ceremony, the cytokines and their clinical application; the largest machine building and NPS- Conference participants were welcomed by biotechnologies; molecular mechanisms of decommissioning enterprise in Russia’s the Director of the Institute of General inflammation and immunity; infection and Far East. Genetics of RAS, Academician Yu. immunity; medical microbiology; Altukhov, and by the ISTC Deputy immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The conference was attended by 200 Executive Director, Mr. Lawrence Wright. Abstracts of the reports were published in Russian and about 60 foreign specialists, About 200 participants to the Conference the scientific journal “Cytokines and representatives of official and business represented various regions of Russia, CIS Inflammation”. A number of young scien- structures, ecological and public organiza- countries (Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia tists, whose abstracts had been selected tions from USA, Canada, Europe, Japan, and Tajikistan), Germany, France, Ireland, by the Program Committee, were awarded New Zealand.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 LOCATION OF ISTC PROJECTS

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROJECT LOCATION

ISTC PROJECTS Lytkarino LOCATED Lyubertsy IN MOSCOW REGION Lyubuchany Mendeleevo Bolshie Vyazyemy Mytischi Chernogolovka Nemchinovka-1 Dolgoprudny Obolensk Dubna Podolsk Dzerzhinskiy Protvino Elektrogorsk Puschino Elektrostal Sergiev Posad Fryazino Serpukhov Istra-2 Stupino Khimki Troitsk Klimovsk Zelenograd Korolev Zhukovsky

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Supporting Programs

Business Management Activity in 2002 Training Program In 2002, more then The Business Management Training 50 business man- Program is conducted to assist ISTC project agement and tech- managers in developing their general busi- nology commercial- ness knowledge, presentation skills, and understanding of intellectual property rights. ization training The training complements the technical events were held for aspects of the ISTC project, toward helping about 1000 ISTC the project manager in future commercial- project participants. ization of the project results and in securing Those included funding from sources beyond the ISTC. several interactive on-the-job long- The program is conducted mainly through term training cours- Regional Training Centers in locations con- es on commercial- venient to ISTC project managers. Training ization of technolo- typically spans several days and covers gies resulting from practical topics of interest for ISTC project St. Petersburg Regional Training Center: training session on commercialization managers and their team members: busi- the ISTC funded ness planning, project and financial analysis projects. Such courses were conducted by month-long training on technology commer- 18 for securing investment, marketing of inno- the International Business Incubator (RTC, cialization at Management Academie vative products, intellectual property protec- Moscow), “High Technology Group“ (RTC, Sachsen (Dresden, Germany). tion, strategies for effective presentations to Yerevan), “Ural Education and Research Along with the Business Management the business community, and others. Center of Innovation Business“ Fund, (RTC, Training Program, other training-related Ekaterinburg), International Scientific activities were conducted in 2002. Three Technology Park “Technopark in training sessions were held for 220 project Moskvorechye” (Moscow). managers and accountants of newly funded 11 ISTC project participants received a ISTC projects to assist them in executing their work. 9 scientists from the Project #G-40 team received technol- ogy training at GRS GmbH (Cologne, Germany). Travel sup- port was provided for 18 specialists from Vector, Novosibirsk for SABIT training in Washington DC, USA. A workshop on Corporate Culture for ISTC Secretariat staff was held.

ISTC Secretariat staff at the off−site Corporate Culture workshop.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 Mega-Capable Microchips

«The ISTC project #2019, utilizing cutting-edge technology to create rapid diagnostic kits for multiple drug-resistant tuberculo- sis, has been very successful. I have been very impressed by the caliber of the Engelhardt leadership and staff. And the ISTC has played a major role in the development and implementation of the biochip project. Truly, this is exciting work that has some exceptional potential benefits for Russia and the world.» Robert J. Tossatto – Acting Director, US Department for Health and Human Services / Office for Europe and N. Eurasia

Engelhardt Institute for Molecular Biology became a major breakthrough in this battle against the deadly disease. In their biochip method, application of the nucleic acid of the strain being tested to a microarray of diagnos- tic oligonucleotides on a glass slide (the biochip) and subsequent measurement of the degree of hybridization allow to specify the strain within one or two days. This method has also proven efficient in prompt and accurate identification of orthopox viruses, including 19 smallpox, thus giving physicians a powerful diagnostic tool should any natural or terrorist- inflicted outbreak of smallpox occur. Apart from being cost effective, the biochip technol- ogy could make clinical diagnostic tests simple enough to be widely used even in field test sit- uations without needing highly qualified staff. The ISTC and the US Department of Health and Human Services support two projects in Russia pioneering the use of the biochip tech- A scientist at Engelhardt Institute testing Once thought to be defeated, tuberculosis nology. With their help, scientists at the biochip production equipment nevertheless presents a major threat in the Engelhardt Institute and VECTOR National 21st century. Every year over 30 million peo- Research Center in collaboration with US ple in the world get infected with TB, and the counterparts from the Centers for Disease death toll amounts to 2 million annually. The Control and Prevention and the Food and problem is aggravated by the fact that today Drug Administration are now working to further humanity has to deal with over one hundred develop and validate microchip methods for mutant TB strains many of which effectively rapid and reliable procedures for identification resist traditional drugs. Conventional drug of TB strains, smallpox and herpes viruses. susceptibility tests require 2-5 weeks to spec- The demand for these diagnostic instruments ify the strain and select a proper course of is huge. «Russia alone needs 2 million TB The biochip test kit treatment while the patient continues to suffer strain biochips annually, to say nothing about and infect other people. other applications of this technology,» says Dr. Development of an efficient and low-cost V. Barsky of the Engelhardt Institute Biological biochip technology by scientists at the Microchip Center.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Supporting Programs

Travel Support Program Activity in 2002

The ISTC strongly encourages CIS scientific Scientists and technical team members were In a parallel activity, 40 scientists received teams to develop their project proposals with funded on 305 individual trips to collaborat- funding for visits to European Partnering the participation of foreign collaborating organi- ing organizations, seminars, and confer- events through the European Union Mobility zations. The Travel Support program fosters collaboration by reimbursing travel and related ences located worldwide. Support Fund. expenses for CIS scientists who wish to begin or continue technical consultations on the pro- posals they submit to the ISTC. Program Promising Research Abstracts Database funds also cover travel expenses for scientist (by technology) participation in international meetings and con- Technology No. of Abstracts ferences relevant to their specialization. Funding for the program is provided by volun- Biotechnologies ...... 291 tary contributions supporting specific Chemisrty ...... 170 technical areas and CIS institutes. Ecology ...... 165 Nuclear Energy ...... 87 Fission Reactors ...... 15 Information and Communication Systems . . . 163 Instrumentation ...... 59 20 Manufacturing Technologies ...... 63 Materials ...... 222 Non-Nuclear Energy ...... 61 Other ...... 25 Other Fundamental Sciences ...... 50 Physics ...... 234 Space, Aircraft and Surface Transportation . . 150

Total ...... 1755 Technologies Database Program Activity in 2002

Through its contacts with hundreds of research The CIS Science and Technologies Internet researchers from Russia and CIS. That institutes and centers throughout the CIS, the Portal at www.tech-db.ru contains informa- information will be open for the public and ISTC has uncovered many innovative technical tion on activities of approximately 400 CIS available through the Internet and in a CD projects either planned or now underway which research institutions collaborating with the version. The ISTC continues to collect conform to the nonproliferation objectives of the ISTC. abstracts of existing technologies for invest- ISTC. The ISTC established the Technologies Next, 5th version of the Promising ment and of innovative projects at earlier Database Program (formerly Promising Research Abstract CD was prepared, stages of development. Research Abstracts) to establish and expand containing more than 1700 new and unique The ISTC plans to continue supporting information exchange infrastructure concerning research opportunities as well as about 500 creation of national science and technology research activities, toward promoting the exper- tise of CIS research institutes and cooperation technology abstracts submitted by leading databases in CIS countries. between CIS and foreign technical experts.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC: Growing Small Enterprises

The rich science and technology potential that Russia possesses is not being duly used.. There are very few worthwhile and long-term projects in our economy meeting this potential. … We need to create conditions for the healthy commercialization of applied science.» President Putin’s address to the RF Federal Assembly 18 April 2002

NTM began as a small enterprise in 1995, but the ISTC project dates from 1997, allowing NTM to use ISTC funds in developing new products for market niches known to the product team. Dr. Kryvasheev explains: «In a short period, with ISTC support, we were able to make 6 different types of ecological monitoring equipment – each of which found success in local markets. 21 Foreign competitors have been pushed out, unable to match NTM-Protection on price and service. The ISTC helped us to reduce the risk involved in technology development, and the ISTC framework allowed us to include the talents of weapons scientists in our research; these scientists would otherwise have remained NTM−Zashchita displays its product line The growth of small high-technology enter- unavailable for NTM projects.» prises in Russia is one promising sign of Now having 30 full-time employees, NTM sustainable development and job creation. sells equipment to 5 main distributors in Dr. Sergei Kryvasheev, Executive Director of Russia, Kazakstan, and Belarus, servicing NTM-Zashchita (Protection) company, is a such organizations as the international air- former ISTC Project Manager (#0484 Block- port Sheremetyevo, GazProm, and Ministry Modulus Monitoring System) who describes of Atomic Energy enterprises. Since 1995, his successful small enterprise and ISTC’s NTM has seen sales growth averaging 20% contribution to its growth. per year, including in 2001 a contract with At the technopark at the Moscow the United States government for continual Engineering and Physic Institute, NTM- monitoring of nuclear weapons storage Zashchita designs and produces equipment areas inside the Russian Federation. The for ecological controls that are required by contract is part of the joint US – Russian Russian federal sanitation regulations. effort in cooperative threat reduction.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Supporting Programs

Communication Activity in 2002

Support Program The ISTC has introduced organization- 4 internet connection contracts external to the Communication to projects have been funded within the Communications Support aims to improve al improvements the telecommunication infrastructure of Support Program that contributed to better framework of the CSP. CSP is now con- institutes where current capabilities inhibit understanding between institutes and sidering 7 additional projects and is mak- the successful accomplishment of ISTC Funding Parties. ing further management improvements work and the development of commercial The Center has funded 20 CSP projects that will allow more rapid installation of opportunities. in Russia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, and temporary connections and provision of Armenia. Of these 4 have been complet- consulting-training services. ed, 6 are under completion, and 10 are in progress.

Valorization Support Activity in 2002

Program The ISTC concluded a Framework for Science and Education Programs Agreement with the Technology (Moscow) to identify principal indicators Valorization Support is directed to projects Commercialization Group LLC (USA) on with respect to sustainability and to ana- whose results have commercial and scien- tific potential that can produce long-term valorization and marketing support ser- lyze data available from the ISTC economic support for weapons scientists vices. The goal of this activity is to evalu- database vis-à-vis overall national S&T 22 and engineers and support their redirection ate the technical and commercial potential trends. to peaceful endeavors. of technologies resulting from ISTC pro- The ISTC published 7 brief technology jects and establish relationships between descriptions in the «Search for Partners» project teams and sponsors/partners. edition of the BISNIS (Business Technology assessment, market Information Sevice for the NIS) directory. research and competitive analysis were BISNIS, headquartered in Washington, provided by consultant companies on 12 D.C., is the U.S. Government's market ISTC projects identified as having consid- information center for U.S. companies erable commercial potential, to assist the pursuing business development in the CIS. ISTC in promoting these technologies in Licenses and subscriptions to on-line the world markets. technology transfer databases and market The Center concluded a contract on research were added to the ISTC invento- Systematization and In-depth Analysis of ry of valorization resources. ISTC Sustainability Data with the Center

Patenting Support Activity in 2002 Program The Patent Review committee received 25 to 13 patent applications arising from ISTC

The Patent Support Program recognizes the applications and provided financial support project results. contribution of ISTC projects and their par- ticipants to new inventions and ideas that have commercial value. The ISTC Secretariat administers this program to pro- vide financial support to CIS institutes. Program funds are used to pay costs asso- ciated with the initial stages of patenting.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC-Funded Russian Technologies Contribute to Safer Environment

In 1996, Irina Moskalenko of the Kurchatov posal was chosen along with three others out Research Center’s Institute of Nuclear of twenty received by the ISTC. Fusion received an ISTC grant to develop a portable LIDAR (Laser Induced Differential While Dr. Moskalenko’s LIDAR system is Absorption Radar) system for monitoring being adapted to detect agents in the air, Dr. environmental pollutants. Unlike the radar Victor Bunin’s project involves sensing systems used by law enforcement agencies, agents in liquid media. His approach of a LIDAR can be focused over a variety of detecting cells based upon their electro- ranges and specifically detect and identify physical characteristics was also developed molecules through their spectral absorption under a previous ISTC-funded project. Dr. «signature». Three years later Dr. Bunin heads the laboratory for physical Moskalenko successfully tested her proto- methods for cell research at the State type LIDAR system, measuring the quantity Scientific Research Institute of Applied and composition of contaminants in pollution Microbiology in Obolensk (SRCAM), which plumes from industrial sites and dumps in conducts fundamental and applied research the Moscow region. The revolutionary flexi- in molecular biology, immunology and ento- bility, ruggedness and functionality of the mology to resolve various problems of mod- 23 system proved to be a breakthrough in the ern medicine and biotechnology. LIDAR technology attracting attention of The Kurchatov Center LIDAR being adapted for the quite a few potential partners. Bringing these teams together means that General Atomics E−SMART system the Russian institutes will be contributing In 2000, General Atomics (GA) of the USA their proprietary technologies developed approached the ISTC to source Russian through ISTC support instead of simply using environmental monitoring sensors that could their knowledge base for the exclusive ben- expand the capabilities of GA’s E-SMART™ efit of others. A partner like General Atomics (Environmental Systems Management is ideal because they are interested in tech- Analysis and Reporting nologies that may not meet their specific neTwork (E-SMART™) need off-the-shelf, but can be readily system. Specifically, GA adapted to their purpose. sought Russian expertise to develop a Chemical and Dr. Roger Schlicht, GA’s E-SMART™ pro- Biological Detection gram manager, considers that, «the ISTC’s Network as a product line principle value is linking the needs of busi- expansion of E-SMART™. nesses and Russian science, much of which ISTC solicited pre-pro- we simply are not aware of …» posals for near market ready technologies for Today, the ISTC-catalyzed relationships real-time detection of between General Atomics and a half dozen chemical and biological Russian research institutes are addressing agents in the air and water. international problems that have taken on a The Kurchatov pre-pro- more urgent nature.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC PROGRAMS

Supporting Programs

Activity in 2002 Event Date Location International Research Ethics; Institutional 21-24 January Pushchino, Russia Review Boards and Laboratory Animal Welfare 25 February – 01 March Denmark IT Enterprise Tour Problems and Perspectives of Biotechnology Transfer 20-22 March Obolensk, Russia Computer Classes for Russian Experts in Field Epidemiology 15-19 April Moscow, Russia Advanced Biotechnologies in Russia/CIS 16 April Tokyo, Japan 2nd International Conference: «Biotechnology and Business» 16-17 May Moscow, Russia Roadshow in Germany 30 May - 11 June Germany 3d Annual DTRA Colloborative Biodefense 03-05 June Serpukhov, Russia Research Program Review 05-06 June Nagoya, Japan Space Weather Forecast in Russia/CIS Russian participants New Materials 10-11 June France of the BIOINSTRUMENTS New Developments in Photodetection 17-21 June Beaune, France Partnering Event in Germany Special Symposium «Biosafety and Prevention of Bioterrorism» 28-29 June St. Petersburg, Russia Applied Biostatistics and Epidemiology 08-19 July Moscow, Russia Project Management Training 26-29 August Moscow, Russia German-Russian Partnering Event «Bioinstruments» 26-28 September Jena, Germany International Symposium: «Decision Making Process for 08-09 October Volgograd, Russia Reducing Effects of Chemical Terrorist Attacks» 1st International Congress «Biotechnology – State of the 14-18 October Moscow, Russia Art & Prospects of Development»; 1st International 24 Specialized Exhibition «Biotech World 2002» 45th Annual Conference of American Biological 20-23 October San Francisco, USA Safety Association Advanced nanotechnologies in Russia/CIS 06 November Tokyo, Japan Advanced nanotechnologies in Russia/CIS 08 November Kyoto, Japan Biological Proliferation Prevention Project conference 11-13 November Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany New Production Technologies and Materials 2-5 December Lisbon, Portugal Project Management Training 09-12 December Moscow, Russia

Workshop Program

The ISTC regularly organizes workshops to highlight technologies and topics of global significance, and to facilitate the develop- ment of project proposals and the inclusion of Partners and collaborators in ISTC activities. Workshop funding covers travel expenses of CIS scientists who participate in these workshops, and related organizational US delegation visiting the ISTC booth at the expenses. «Biotech World 2002» exhibition

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC Biosafety Symposium in St. Petersburg

On June 28-29, 2002 a Welcoming addresses were made by: Special Symposium on - Academician A. Miroshnikov, Deputy «Biosafety and Prevention Director of Schemyakin & Ovchinnikov of Bioterrorism» was held at Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the premises of Military - Ann Harrington, Deputy Director, Office of Medicine Academy Club in Proliferation Threat Reduction, St.- Petersburg. The event Department of State was organized by the ISTC - Randall Beatty, ISTC Advisor, and in close cooperation with - James Noble, Director, Initiative for Russian Academy of Proliferation Prevention. Sciences, Ministry of Industry, Science and Having expressed his gratitude to the organiz- Academician Miroshnikov declares Technologies of the Russian Federation, ers of the symposium and the ISTC for support the Symposium open Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of and hosting of the event, Academician A. Bioorganic Chemistry, and Russian Miroshnikov noted the increased urgency of Biochemistry Society. Over 60 participants from biosafety and bioterrorism problems, which leading institutes of the Russian Academy of have neither geographic nor national bound- 25 Sciences attended the event, representing aries. In their addresses, American participants Institute of Molecular Biology; Institute of expressed readiness to support Russian scien- Molecular Genetics; Novosibirsk Institute of tists in their research directed to reduction and Biorganic Chemistry; Moscow State University prevention of bioterrorism threats. It was also as well as other institutes and research centers pointed out, that terrorism as a whole, and which had earlier been engaged in bioweapon bioterrorism in particular have turned to be the defense development: State Research Center most hazardous threat for national security of «Vector», Novosibirsk; State both Russia and the US. Research Center of Applied Microbiology, Obolensk; The main issues discussed at this conference Research Center of included: Molecular Diagnostics and - prevention of bioterrorism in theory and in Therapy, Moscow; State practice, Research Center for Highly - detection of biological pathogens, Pure Biopreparations, St. - treatment of infectious diseases, and Petersburg; and Military - chemical weapons and neurotoxins. Medicine Academy. The Symposium participants delivered about 20 Representing the United reports on the most burning issues of biosafety States of America were offi- and conducted a number of presentations deal- cials from the Department of ing with the latest developments in the fields of State, Cooperative Threat express identification of pathogens and coun- Reduction program (CTR), teraction against bioterrorism. Guests of the Initiative for Proliferation conference were also offered a tour of the St. The peptide synthesis laboratory at the State Prevention (IPP) as well as the US Embassy Petersburg Research Center for Highly Pure Research Center for Highly Pure Biopreparations Science Division. Biopreparations.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 The ISTC – MinAtom Fuel Cell Initiative

As part of an overall effort to introduce a pro- gram will aim to establish a business that grammatic approach to the Secretariat oper- would employ the majority of program partic- ations, whereby topic-based programs, ipants and create new jobs. rather than individual projects, are funded, The Fuel Cell program will bring together sci- the ISTC plans to launch the Fuel Cell entists, engineers, and the business sector to Program. focus financial and management resources Fuel cells were selected as the topic for the and manpower on the creation of a sustain- ISTC program under this new system for able, hi-tech business to meet the require- Participants of the ISTC−MinAtom several reasons. First, the technology is very ments of the Russian and world markets. Fuel Cell Worshop promising in terms of energy efficiency and Parallel commercialization of all intermediate environmental cleanliness. Secondly, the technologies and products developed in the Russian and CIS institutions for- course of the Program is anticipated. merly engaged in weapon All the benefits described so far continue to research have excellent knowl- be in line with the main objectives of the edge and expertise in this scien- ISTC mission. That is, former weapons sci- tific area. entists will be given more opportunities to 26 The development of the Fuel Cell redirect their knowledge and efforts to Program stemmed from a joint peace-promoting, sustainable research. And ISTC-Russian Ministry of Atomic since analysis of the Russian market and Energy (MinAtom) Fuel Cell production capabilities shows that it is not Workshop, which took place on possible to cover the market demand for fuel August 8, 2002. Over 20 fuel cell cell technology in the next 10-15 years with- experts, MinAtom executives, and out international cooperation, the Program representatives from Gazprom, will foster the integration of CIS scientists A discussion over fuel cell prospects Russia’s natural gas giant, attended. At this and engineers into the global scientific com- in gas industry meeting, the participants outlined the basic munity. requirements for the creation and execution During a meeting with ISTC representatives of a joint Fuel Cell Program aimed at estab- on September 5, 2002, the First Deputy lishing a commercially viable technology in Minister from MinAtom, Mr. Ryabev, voiced Russia. unconditional support for the programmatic Briefly, the first phase of the Fuel Cell approach, in particular for the proposed Fuel Program will prepare the Russian and CIS Cell Program. In addition, Minatom and internal market for the introduction of com- Gazprom, a potential customer of fuel cell mercial, fuel cell-based power plants. Issues technology, have already agreed to partici- surrounding licensing and personal training pate in and co-fund the Fuel Cell Program. as well as legal considerations will need to be Several private companies have also addressed. A pilot installation design, prod- expressed their interest, and are presently uct manufacturing and field-testing will also discussing the conditions of their involve- be completed. The final phase of the pro- ment.

The ISTC delegation meeting with Russia's 1st Deputy Minister of Atomic Energy L. Ryabev

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 International Researchers United in Assisting Radiation Victims

The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident radiation-epidemiological studies, providing contaminated approximately 1/4 of the terri- reliable information on radiation effects in a tory of Belarus with radionuclides, exposing wide dose range regarding thyroid cancer nearly 2.2 million people to radiation. As a and other disorders. The scope of the pro- result, populations in the region surrounding ject is vast, including screening visits of Chernobyl continue to be impacted by the nearly 12,000 children who were directly catastrophe nearly 15 effected by Chernobyl radiation in April 1986, years after the accident. with follow up medical observation for those The ISTC is uniting the showing signs of thyroid pathology, and Belarus Ministry of referrals to Belarus medical centers for Health, and specialists in treatment. In addition to funding, the health, environment, and National Cancer Institute provides expert information technologies assistance and consultation to their Belarus with funding from colleagues, joint publications, and training for sources within the Belarus specialists in the United States. United States and the European Union. ISTC With the sharp increase in incidences of thy- 27 projects totaling nearly roid cancer, the medical community in $1.1 million are now Belarus now must adapt new methods for addressing serious fast, accurate diagnosis. Scientists on health issues related to Project #B-323, funded by the European radioactive contamina- Union, are creating computer analyzers and tion in Belarus: software for image processing of thyroid To quantify the long- samples. The Institute of Engineering Project B−323 scatter diagram compared with the Cybernetics in Minsk is data from the expert system, allows for differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid diseases. B-323 Image Processing for Cytology supporting the project. The B-488 Early Radiation Data for Chernobyl Accident image processing system is B-517 Remote Cancer Diagnostics demonstrating the power of B-522 Computer System for Leukemia Therapy information technologies as B-550 Thyroid Pathologies in Chernobyl Area expert system guide to physicians who now diag- term risks of thyroid cancer due to radioio- nose cancers and decide a course of treat- dine released in nuclear accidents - to which ment. The complete system (a unit for mor- children are especially susceptible – the US phometric studies, patents for the modes of National Cancer Institute is providing funding diagnosis, electronic atlas of thyroid pathol- for Project #B-550, headed by the Research ogy, and software) is expected to find a large Institute of Radiation Medicine and demand on world markets, for its accuracy Endocrinology. The results will be used to and efficiency in verifying cancer diagnoses develop scientific procedure for long-term before surgery.

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC ORGANIZATION

Parties to the ISTC Agreement

Founding Parties Other Parties CIS Parties

European Japan Russian United States Norway Republic Armenia Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Union Federation of America of Korea Republic

Members of The Governing Board: Governing Board Chair (USA) ...... Ronald F. Lehman II

European Union ...... Achilleas Mitsos

Coordination Committee Scientific Advisory Committee Japan ...... Tadashi Fujitu

...... Kenichi Suganuma

Russian Federation ...... Lev Ryabev 28 Secretariat ...... Vladimir Pavlinov

United States of America ...... Victor Alessi

Armenia Branch Office Belarus ...... Pyotr Vityaz Belarus Branch Office Georgia Branch Office

Kazakhstan Branch Office Members of The Scientific Kyrgyz Branch Office Advisory Committee:

Chair (Japan) ...... Ya Seki

The Governing Board includes representatives of the European Union, Japan, Russian ...... Yutaka Murakami Federation, and United States, plus one rotating seat for a member CIS country, held European Union ...... Jean-Pierre Contzen by Belarus in 2002. The Coordination Committee representatives are appointed by the Parties and meet ...... Alain Pompidou

prior to Governing Board meetings to review details of projects to be considered by the Russian Federation ...... Evgeny Avrorin Board, discuss coordination of project funding, and exchange views on policy and ...... Yuri Trutnev other issues to be brought before the Governing Board. The Scientific Advisory Committee provides expert scientific evaluation of project pro- United States of America . . . . .Steven Gitomer posals, determines new directions for project and program activities, and evaluates . . . Upendra Rohatgi ongoing projects. Singh

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC ORGANIZATION

ISTC Parties Contact Information

Norway Torbjorn Norendal – United States of America Special Advisor on Nuclear Matters Andrew A. Hood – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation Senior Coordinator Mail Box 8114 Dep, Lyubov Kondratenkova - Coordinator, ISTC for Science Centers Program 0032 Oslo, Norway Ministry of Atomic Energy Office of Proliferation Threat Reduction Tel: 47 (2) 224-3340 Moscow, Russian Federation Department of State Fax: 47 (2) 224-3273 Tel/Fax: 7 (095) 239-2012 Washington, DC, USA [email protected] Tel: 1 (202) 736-7190 Tel/Fax: 7 (095) 321-4355 Fax: 1 (202) 736-7698 [email protected] [email protected] Andrei Krutskikh John W. Crowley – Deputy Coordinator Japan Department for Security for Science Centers Program Hisashi Michigami – Director and Disarmament Issues Office of Proliferation Threat Reduction Int’l Science Cooperation Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs Department of State Foreign Policy Bureau Moscow, Russian Federation Washington, DC, USA Tel: 7 (095) 244-4775 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 29 Tel: 1 (202) 736-7696 Tokyo, Japan Fax: 7 (095) 253-9082 Fax: 1 (202) 736-7698 Tel: 81 (3) 6402-2585 [email protected] Fax: 81 (3) 6402-2577 [email protected] Republic of Korea Hiroko Watanabe – Officer European Union Eun-Chul Choi – Director Int’l Science Cooperation Division Technology Cooperation Division I Didier Gambier – Foreign Policy Bureau Ministry of Science and Technology Principal Administrator Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kwachon, Republic of Korea European Commission Tokyo, Japan Tel: 82 (2) 503-7668 Directorate General Research Tel.: 81 (3) 3580-3311; ext. 5436 Fax: 82 (2) 502-0264 Brussels, Belgium Fax: 81 (3) 6402-2577 [email protected] Tel: 32 (2) 296-8034 [email protected] Fax: 32 (2) 296-9227 Myungsoo Kim – Director [email protected] Dept. of Planning and Research Management Korea Research Institute Manfred Bauer – Advisor of Standards and Science European Commission Armenia,Belarus, Taejon, Republic of Korea Directorate General Research Tel: 82 (42) 868-5050 Brussels, Belgium Georgia, Fax: 82 (42) 868-5059 Tel: 32 (2) 296-0139 Kazakhstan, [email protected] Fax: 32 (2) 296-9227 Kyrgyz Republic [email protected] Refer to Secretariat Branch Office contact information

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC ORGANIZATION

ISTC Secretariat Contact Information

Executive Director Deputy Executive Director Chief Information Head of ISTC Branch Office Michael Kroening United States Technologies Manager Tbilisi, Georgia Tel: 7 (095) 797-6011 Lawrence Wright Pierre Pertsov Irina Khomeriki Fax: 7 (095) 797-6047 Tel: 7 (095) 797-6030 Tel: 7 (095) 797-6040 Tel: 995 (32) 223-700 Fax: 7 (095) 797-6014 Fax: 7 (095) 797-6047 Fax: 995 (32) 220-626 Principal Deputy Executive [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Director Russian Federation Sergey Zykov Chief Administrative Officer Senior Advisor Head of ISTC Branch Office Tel: 7 (095) 797-6020 Dmitry Chudesnikov Peter Falatyn Almaty, Kazakhstan Fax: 7 (095) 797-6077 Tel: 7 (095) 797-6050 Tel: 7 (095) 797-6044 Natalia Tomarovskaya [email protected] Fax: 7 (095) 797-6078 Fax: 7 (095) 797-6047 Tel: 7 (327) 262-0272 [email protected] [email protected] Fax: 7 (327) 250-1639 Deputy Executive Director [email protected] 30 European Union Chief Contracting Officer Head of ISTC Branch Office Uwe Meyer Dmitry Ivlev – Acting CCO Yerevan, Armenia Head of ISTC Branch Office Tel: 7 (095) 797-6377 Tel: 7 (095) 797-6029 Hamlet Navasardyan Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Fax: 7 (095) 797-6021 Fax: 7 (095) 797-6016 Tel: 374 (1) 524-740 Vitaly Kovalenko [email protected] [email protected] Fax: 374 (1) 584-483 Tel: 996 (312) 660-140 [email protected] Tel/Fax: 996 (312) 282-859 Deputy Executive Director Chief Financial Officer [email protected] Japan Mathew Katz Head of ISTC Branch Office Michiaki Okubo Tel: 7 (095) 797-6012 Minsk, Belarus Tel: 7 (095) 797-6026 Fax: 7 (095) 797-6076 Alexander Klepatsky Fax: 7 (095) 797-6014 [email protected] Tel/Fax: 375 (17) 268-4504 [email protected] [email protected]

General Inquiries / Public Information Tel: 7 (095) 797-6010 | Fax: 7 (095) 797-6047 | [email protected] | http://www.istc.ru International Science and Technology Center Luganskaya Ulitsa No. 9, 115516 Moscow, Russian Federation

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 ISTC ORGANIZATION

ISTC Secretariat

Headquartered in Moscow with Branch Offices in 5 CIS countries, the trative personnel oversees and monitors more than 700 active pro- Secretariat is the executive body of the ISTC. It implements the deci- jects, provides training and business support to CIS project man- sions of the Governing Board and manages the daily operations of agers, and implements the many Center programs that support non- the Center. Its international staff of over 150 scientific and adminis- proliferation.

ChiefChief Information Information Technologies Systems Manager Manager – Pierre– Pierre Pertsov Pertsov (EU) (EU) Executive Director SeniorSenior Advisor Advisor / /Public Public Information Information – – Peter Peter Falatyn Falatyn (USA) (USA) Michael Kroening SeniorSenior AssistantAssistant –– OlgaOlga ZuevaZueva (RF)(RF)

Russian Federation Deputy Executive Director – Sergey Zykov 31

European Union ISTC Projects and Activities: Deputy Executive Director – Uwe Meyer Proposal Preparation. Project Monitoring. Seminars / Workshops. Training. Valorization / Commercialization.

Japan Travel Support. Technologies Database. Deputy Executive Director – Michiaki Okubo Communication Support. Patenting Support.

United States Deputy Executive Director – Lawrence Wright

Chief Administrative Officer Chief Contracting Officer Chief Financial Officer Dmitry Chudesnikov (RF) Dmitry Ivlev – Acting CCO Mathew Katz (USA)

ANNUAL REPORT 2002 Summary of ISTC Project Funding 2002 1994-2002 Technology Area / Technology Field Funded Completed Funded # Proj. $ Value # Proj. $ Value # Proj. $ Value Biotechnology and Life Sciences 56 25,015,406 13 3,449,200 348 114,172,095 Biochemistry, Cytology, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Immunology, Microbiology, Nutrition, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Public Health, Radiobiology Chemistry 21 5,344,726 7 1,214,500 86 21,022,813 Analytical Chemistry, Basic and Synthetic Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Process Engineering, Photo and Radiation Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Environment 40 9,906,820 26 6,104,025 268 77,897,975 Air Pollution and Control, Environmental Health and Safety, Modeling and Risk Assessment, Monitoring and Instrumentation, Radioactive Waste Treatment, Remediation and Decontamination, Seismic Monitoring, Solid Waste Pollution and Control, Waste Disposal, Water Pollution and Control Fission Reactors 19 6,143,615 22 6,104,025 173 54,915,484 Decommissioning, Experiments, Fuel Cycle, Isotopes, Materials, Modeling, Nuclear and Other Technical Data, Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Safety and Safeguarding, Reactor Concept, Reactor Engineering and NPP, Reactor Fuels and Fuel Engineering Fusion 2 340,000 5 946,650 39 11,420,013 32 Hybrid Systems and Fuel Cycle, Inertial Confinement Systems, Magnetic Confinement Systems, Plasma Physics Information and Communications 8 2,171,211 4 299,610 75 18,794,799 Data Storage and Peripherals, High-Definition Imaging and Displays, High Performance Computing and Networking, Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Sensors and Signal Processing, Software Instrumentation 11 3,329,771 9 1,899,000 97 26,352,417 Detection Devices, Measuring Instruments Manufacturing Technology 14 10,439,705 8 1,144,794 52 17,303,955 CAD and CAM, Engineering Materials, Machinery and Tools, Manufacturing, Planning, Processing and Control, Plant Design and Maintenance, Robotics, Tribology Materials 25 7,394,789 22 4,730,345 148 47,978,496 Ceramics, Composites, Electronic and Photonic Materials, Explosives, High Performance Metals and Alloys, Materials Synthesis and Processing Non-Nuclear Energy 10 4,129,018 3 327,386 40 13,787,454 Batteries and Components, Electric Power Production, Fuel Conversion, Fuels, Geothermal Energy, Heating and Cooling Systems, Miscellaneous Energy Conversion, Solar Energy Other 6 1,688,350 - - 18 3,593,216 Other Basic Sciences 2 451,621 2 173,670 21 4,372,637 Agriculture, Building Industry Technology, Electrotechnology, Geology, Natural Resources and Earth Sciences Physics 32 7,784,614 26 3,434,319 260 58,696,935 Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Fluid Mechanics and Gas Dynamics, Optics and Lasers, Particles, Fields and Accelerator Physics, Plasma Physics, Radio-frequency Waves, Solid State Physics, Structural Mechanics Space, Aircraft and Surface Transportation 3 451,670 10 2,524,529 75 20,435,397 Aeronautics, Astronomy, Extraterrestrial Exploration, Manned Spacecraft, Space Launch Vehicles and Support Equipment, Space Safety, Spacecraft Trajectories and Flight Mechanics, Surface Transportation, Unmanned Spacecraft Totals: 249 84,591,316 157 32,834,650 1,700 490,743,687

ANNUAL REPORT 2002