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Introduction.Pdf TAKOTA A LAN6UACECOURSE FOR BECINNERS THI5 BOOKI5 DE5ICNEDTO BEUSED WITH A 5ERIE5OF TAKOTALANCUACE CA'SETTE5. THEYARE AVAILABLE FROM THE PUBLISHER autrlo.FqRUm A Divisionof JeflreyNorton Publishers Guilford,Connectiqll kkola: A Languag€Cour$ lor B€ginn€rs lotme y Hecetu Yelo (The Way ]t ls) SflrdenlMenud Copyright@ 1989 Oglala LakolaCollege. Allrigi s res€rued.Prinled in the UniledSlates ol America. Nopart ollhis publicationmay be reproduced,slored in a retrievalst€lem, or lfansmilled,in anyform or by an means,eleclronic, mochanical, photocopying, recording,orotherwlse, wilhoutthe prior lvrilten p€mission ol lhe publisher. ISBN0-88432-44a-6 l€xl and c€sselles ISBN0-88432-609-8 lexl only Publishedby Audio-Forum, adivisionol JetfreyNonon Publishers, Inc. On-lhe'Green.Guillord. Connecl cul 0&37-2635 I ACKNOWLED6MENTS TheseLakota langJage lessons were p'oduced under a Natonal Endowment for the Humanities grant to OglalaLakota Collegeand KlLl radio. Lakota language lessons, n somewhat differentformat irom these presented on the cassettes, were aired on KlLlrad o during1986-88. PatLee, former Lakota Studies Chair and current Vice President forInstruct on at Ogala Lakota College, was Project Director. Princioalsoeakers on the audio cassettes are Karen White Eyes,Lakota Studies Instructor, and l\,4arcell Bul Bear,D recloroi PejutaHaka Co lege Cenler in Kyle,SD. The cassettes were recordedat Ogala Lakota College by Tony Brave and Robert Quver, Sound Technicians. Theaccompany ng printed malerlals were developed by Karen WhiteEyes and Charmaine Wisecarver, Special Consultant to the project,and were edited by Janette Murray, OLC Resource DevelopmentOffice. Student Manuol Conlents oooes SjouonLonguoge Fomily c) Lessons I Lokoio Sounds I 2 Greetingsond lntroduciions 7 3 potterns Genderond Speech 12 4 _ KinshipSystem lmmedioteFomity t6 5 KinshjpSysiem - ExtendedFomily ond In Lows 6 TheFive Senses 7 Communicotions 37 8 Clossroomi Giving ond FollowingDireciions 9 TimeI Doysof lhe Week,Time Expressions, Clock lme 4/ l0 N/onths ond Seosons 5l II Color 57 12 Money 6l 13 FoodsI Trodiiionol ond Contemporory @ l4 Animolsi Domesticond Wild n 15 Review a. SoucnLonguoge Fomlly lntroduction Siouqnlonguoge Fomily: lokoto ond ReloledLonguoges qnd Diolects by JonetleK. Murroy The Lokotolonguoge todoy is spokenby thousondsof Sioux peopleiiving primodly in SouthDokoto west of lhe MissouriRiver. Leorning 'ihelonguoge can be both informolond formol,Chjldren growing up on lhe SiouxreseNolions moy leornthe longuogeot home,in formollessons whiie oliending elementaryond high school,or ot one of the tribol coleges. The ierm 'Sioux'is used to refer to oeoole of similorethnic bockgroundsond lncludesnot only the Lokotospeokers, but olsothe Dokoiospeokers. The ierm 'Sioux'wosfirst recorded by Jeon Nicolet,o Frenchfur troder, on hisvisit to'lhe Winnebogos of GreenBoy in 1640.The Ojibway,whose longuoge is in the Algonquionfomlly colled the tribesto lhe west nodowe-is-iw-ug which the Frenchfurther cofiupted lo Nodueslu. Nadowe meonsodder or enerny,is meons lessetot smoller ond lw-ug meonsthey ore. I TheSiouon Longuoge Fomily is o verylorge group which hos mony subdlvisions.Albert Gollolin, Svnopsis of the IndionTrjbes within lhe united StoiesEost of the RockvMountoins. ond in the Brilishond Russion Possessionsin Norlh Americo (i836), wos the firstlo usethe 'Siouon'fomily designolionwhich he dividedinto the winnebogos,the'Dohcotoh proper'ond Assiniboins,lhe lvlinitoris,ond the Osogesond souihern kindredkibes (i,e.Degiha- speokers), He ideniifiedthe'Dohcoioh propef os the Nldewokonlons,Wohpetons, Wohpekules, ond Sissetons to lhe eost.ond the Yonklons,Yonktonois, ond Tetonsto the wesi. Inthe neximojor linguistic work, Indion Linguistic Fomilies of AmericoNorlh of Mexico,(1890) John WesleyPowell, odopted Gollotin'sdesignotion of I William K. Po.rers. Oelala Relision (Lincoln : Universilyof NebraskaPress, 1975).p. 5. (l) SiouonLongucge Fomiiy Siouon,ond then opolied ihe subcloss'Dokoio' to lhe Soniees,Yonklons, Yonktonoisond Telons. The clcssificoiionsond terminoiogyopplied to longuoge becomes increosinglyconfusing os vorjousscholors seemed to mlx inguistc, triboi, ond geogrophicol distinctions Fronz6oos, eminent scholor ct Columbio University,who dominoted ethnologicolsludies of lhe Notive Amer con tribes for holf o century, referred io 'Dokoio' os o longuoge with the following diolects - Soniee, Yonklon. Teton ond Assiniboine2 The followlng clossificollonhas been occepled by o number of scholorsin modern times. Clossificoiion Sontees(Eostern Sioux) /:a^^r^^hi^^l Dqkoto Diolect Mdewokonlons.Wohpelons Sub bonds Wohpekutes,Sissetons Yonklon (MiddleSioux) Geogrophicol Nokoio Diolect Yonkions,Yonkiono.s, A ssrn boi.s Subbonds Teions Mestern Sioux) al6^^.^^hi^^l LOI(OrO Dioleci Oglolo,Sicogus, Hunkpopos, lMnikowoju Sihosopo,Oohenunpo, ltozipco Alihor,ghthe'e seen'slo be liftlequeslion thot the Tetonsore definitelyLokoto ond refer to themselvesas such ond thot ihe Sontees ore Dokolo. there is sonle quesiion obout the Yankions. According to 1 Powers.p.8 - Boas.Franz and John R. Swdnron. Srouan. ln Handbookof Nonh American Indian Laneuaees. Bureauof AmericanEthnology Bullerin,No. 40. pt 1 Washingron,DC. (2) Souon LonguogeFom ly Roymond DeMollie, the Yonkton ond Yonktono s ore olso Dokotol however, n phonolog col coniext, the prominent eL of the Sontee become !. Like her menior FronzBoos, Ello De or o, o ingust who wos hersef Dokoto, referredto ihe four d o ects of Dokoto os Yonkton,Sontee, Teton ond Assiniboinein her eorly work.'Loter,she referred10 the dio ects in this woyi Teton soy Lokoto; Yonkton ond Sontee soy Dokoto. Assiniboine,o k ndred diclect soys Nokoto Accord ng lo De or o. the frisl three - the dio ects of ihe Sontee,Teton, ond Yonkton- ore mutuo ly intelligibe, ond therefore,true dio ects.3 Rev.Eugene Buechel, who siudied onguoge on both the PineRidge ond Rosebudreservotions, o soogrees wiih Delorio,"The Dokoto tongue hos three dio ects the Lokoto,Yonkton. ond Dokoto,w th o fourthsister d alecl in the Assinibolne. "a Byfor the lorgesigroup of speokersore the Lokoto ncludingoll of the Siouxlocoied west of the MissouriRiver, At the time of the breol, up of the Greot Sioux Reservotion, the Teions were composed of sevendivisions ond the r descendontsnow resideon sixreservotions in South Dokoto. Teton(Proirie Dwellers) Oglolo (they scotterthelr own) PineRldge Reservoton Slcongu (burned thighs) RosebudReservotlon LowerBru le Hunkpopo(end of lhe circle) western holf of the Stonding RockReservotion l\,4nikowozu(plonters beside the streom) Cheyenne RiverReseruot on iRaynlond J. DeMallie, Ve(r i'.\ d1 a Proud NrIiun. cd Glenn E. Markoc. Rolil B. Hassrick and RaymoDd J. DcMallie (Burllnton. VT: Robert Hull Flcming Muscum, 1986), p.21. I Ella Deloria,Speaking oi Indians(Vermillon: Univcrsill,of SouthDakota. DakoIa Press.1979). p. v. r Ella Delofia.I-.Ikol wacazeyatopirva (DakoraTerms for MuscunrObjects: Being . Studr-a.d Recordjngol PertinentMaterials). Unpublished manuscfipt cor.missioned by the Indian Afls and CralrsBoard, washlngton. DC. 1961. l Rev.Eugene Buechel. Lakora EnglishDicrionarv (Pinc Ridge: Iied CloudIndi.rn School and Hol) RosafyMission. 1970), p. 16. /?\ SouonLonguoge FomiY Shosopo (block feel) eosternholf of the Stondng Rock Reservotion Oohenupo (iwo kettle) CheyenneRiver ReselVotion Itozipco (without bows) Cheyenne Rver Reservoton Todoy, there ore olso Lokoto speokers on the Wood Mountoin Reservein Soskotchewonwho ore descendontsof SittingBu l's bond The Sontee-speoking Dokoto live oi the Sontee Reservolon in Nebroskoi the S sseton/Wohpeton (Loke Troverse) Reservotion ond Flondreouin South Dokotol Redwood Folls,N/orion ond Gronite Fo s ond Proirielslond in Minnesotoiihe FortPeck Reservoton in Montonoj ond the Devi 's Loke Reservoton in Norih Dokoto, The Dokoto speokers. who fled lVinnesoto ofter the Mlnnesoto Uprisng, o so live ot StondingBuffolo Reserve, Round PloinsReserve' ond White Cop Reservein Soskotchewcnond ot SiouxVoi ey Reserve'Birdtoil Reserve. Ook Loke Reserve, Dokoto Plains Reserve ond Dokoto Tipi Reservein Moniiobo The Yonkton speoking Dokoto ive ot the former Yankton reservotion, now centering oround Greenwood, the Fort Thompson reservot on (formerly Crow Creek reservotion) In Souih Dokoto; ot Connonboll (on ihe North Dokoto side of the Stondng Rock reservotion)' the Devi 's Loke Reservoton in NorthDokotor ond oi FortPeck in Montono TheAssiniboines cre ot the FortPeck ond FortBelknop ReseTvotlons In Montono. The studv of ihe longuoge of North Americon Lndionshos been undertoken by mony non ndions for vcrous reosons n the eorly lgih century. mlssionorlesstudied ond leorned the longouoge of the Sioux tribes ln Minnesoto Territory ond Dakoto Terriiory os o necesscry Drereousite to iheir m ssion work About ihe turn of ihe century' the federol government recognized the need for occurote scienl flc nformotionob,out the ves. customs,beliefs ond Longuogesof the lndion iribes inhob t ng the Greot P o ns ond the West Congress'through the Deloria.manuscript, PP. 2 - -l SiouonLonguoge Fom Ly Bureouof AmericonEthnology, commissioned o numberof scholorsto study these diverseiribes ond to publishthelr findingsln o seriesof bulletinsond onnuol reports, After the 1930s Englishcome io be the dominotelonguoges used in the schoolsond oiherreservotion ogencies. Notive longuoge reseorchbecome the provinceof universiiytroined scholorsworking in fieldor oppliedlinguisiics. Thereore two mojorperiods of longuogestudy of Dokoio/Lokoio longuogethough they ore closelyreloled
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