Key vocabulary Definition Context Romanticism 18th – 19th centuries Sublime Terrifyingly beautiful and powerful 1762 Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Romanticism Artistic and literary movement French revolution 1789-1799 Revolution Forcible overthrow of government Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1840 Subject: English Liberty State of freedom Georgian period 1714 - 1837 Year: 9 Individualism Theory favouring individual liberty Victorian Era 1837 – 1901 Term: Autumn 1 Tyranny Cruel and oppressive rule Themes Topic: Romantic poetry Patriarchal System controlled by men Power and beauty of nature Oppression of the people Corruption Dishonest abuse of power Topic: Key terminology Definition Key terminology Definition Poems: 1. Ozymandias (Shelley) Shakespearean 14 lines in iambic pentameter made of 3 Half rhyme Stressed syllables of ending 2. London (Blake) Sonnet quatrains of alternate rhyme with a rhyming consonants match but preceding 3. The Prelude couplet serving as a Volta to end vowel sounds do not (Wordsworth) Iambic A line of verse with five metrical feet, each Direct Address Speaking directly to the audience, 4. My Last Duchess pentameter consisting of one unstressed syllable often using 2nd person narrative i.e (Browning) followed by one stressed syllable ‘You need to listen!’ Imperatives Command words 5. Charge of the light Onomatopoeia Words which sound like the effect they Brigade (Tennyson) describe “splash, slap, crack” 6. Darkness (Byron) Rhythm Organisation of words to create a noticeable Tone The feeling you give when writing or 7. Ode to Autumn (Keats) sound or pace, with a clear ‘beat’. Often speaking. 8. The Rime of the measured in syllables. Ancient Mariner Enjambment A sentence or on-going piece of text carried Alternate rhyme Alternate lines of poetry that rhyme. (Coleridge) over verses or stanzas to continue the E.g. ABAB 9. The Tyger (Blake) spoken effect without pause. 10. Daffodils Caesura A punctuated break between words within a Stanza A verse similar to a paragraph, (Wordsworth) line of poetry separated from other stanzas. Hyperbole Language used to deliberately exaggerate for Refrain Repeated line or phrase in a poem Key tasks: EA Exam 1: Compare how emphasis Browning and Blake explore Free verse Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular Cacophony a harsh discordant mixture of sounds. the theme of power. (24 rhythm. marks) • Unseen poetry Rhyming couplet A rhyming pair of successive lines of verse, Dramatic Poem in the form of a speech of an comparison. (32 typically of the same length. E.g. AABB monologue imagined narrator marks) , inarticulate
Key terminology Definition Key terminology Definition Emphasis Stress given to a word or words when Tone The feeling you give when writing or speaking to indicate particular importance. speaking.
Organisation The action of organizing a speech into a Direct Address Speaking directly to the audience, Subject: English coherent and purposeful order. often using 2nd person narrative i.e Year: 9 ‘You need to listen!’ Term: Autumn 2 Gesture A movement of part of the body, especially a Imperatives Command words Topic: Non-fiction hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning. comparison Motivation Providing an enthusiastic and stimulating Anecdote Personal experience
The Six Laws of Influence: argument which sets out the reasons why Topic: • The Law of Scarcity Negotiation Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement Colloquial Informal, conversational language • The Law of Reciprocity • The Law of Authority Logic Reasoning conducted or assessed according Pun Comic play on words • The Law of Similarity to strict principles of validity. • The Law of Social AFORREST Alliteration – Fact – Onomatopoeia – First person I.e. ‘we’ and ‘our’ used to engage the Proof Rhetorical Question personal reader by involving them in the text. • The Law of Repetition – Emotive Language – Statistics - pronouns Commitment and Triplets Consistency Tabloid More basic sensationalised and hyperbolised Impersonal Use of determiner ‘it’ rather than newspaper language constructions personal pronouns to give a sense of logic to the argument. Broadsheet More formal and sophisticated use of Diction refers to the writer's or the speaker's newspaper language distinctive vocabulary choices and Key tasks: style of expression. Hyperbole Language used to deliberately exaggerate for Appeals to logos Improving the truth/value of an – Language Paper 2 emphasis assertion by referencing facts and section A (40 marks) statistics. Jargon Special words or phrases belonging to a Appeals to Language that attempts to influence KA2. Language Paper 2 particular profession pathos the listener or reader by appealing to section B (40 marks) emotion. Analogy To draw a comparison in order to show a Appeals to ethos Improving the truth/value of an similarity in some respect. assertion by referencing a figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise. , inarticulate
Key terminology Definition Key Themes Transient Lasting only for a short time Purpose of Art Infamy When someone is known for some bad quality or act Youth and beauty Hedonism Pursuit of pleasure Superficial society Slum Dirty and overcrowded area inhabited by extremely poor people Subject: English Negative influences Year: 9 Sin Immoral behaviour that violates the teachings of God Duality Term: Spring 1 Scandalous Something that causes public outrage Topic: Dorian Gray Reputation Beliefs or opinions that are held about someone Context Opium den Place in the slums where people went to smoke the drug opium Author – Oscar Wilde Topic: - Homosexual relationship Lesson Sequence Penance Self-inflicted punishment as a way of making amends for poor behaviour with Lord Alfred Douglas Week 1 Sordid Immoral and dishonourable behaviour - Context and themes - 1895 Wilde convicted Epigram Witty remark said in an amusing, comical way - Comprehension First published in 1890 Moralism Practice of making judgements about someone else’s behaviour Weeks 2 - 4 Aestheticism movement - Language Analysis Hypocrisy Claiming to have higher standards of behaviour than you actually do Victorian Era 1837-1901 - Evaluation Archetype A very typical example of something Weeks 5 – 6 Attribute Quality or feature of something Legend of Faust (1587) - Overall character Idolatry Worshipping of something or someone and thematic , inarticulate evaluation Key Character Adjectives Definitions Dorian Gray Impressionable Easily influenced by others Key tasks: - Symbolises the corruption of youth Idealised Represents as perfect or better than in reality
Vain Having a particularly high opinion of yourself • How does Wilde use Narcissistic Excessively admiring your own appearance language to present Lord Henry Wotton Urbane Someone who is polite, courteous and civilised Lord Henry’s - Symbolises the selfish pursuit of Witty Someone who has a quick sense of humour manipulation of pleasure Radical Someone who has extreme views Dorian? (8 marks) Seductive Tempting and attractive EA Exam 2: How does Refined Elegant and cultured in taste and appearance Wilde present the Sibyl Vane Wholesome Someone who has good moral wellbeing transformation of Dorian’s - Symbolises the tragic victim Artless Behaves genuinely, without deception character during the novel? Basil Hallward Besotted Strongly infatuated (in love) (34 marks) - Symbolises self-restraint Modest Unassuming and self-deprecating Enamoured To be filled with love for something or someone
Key terminology Definition Key Themes Caper Ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement Duality Juggernaut Massive inexorable (cannot be stopped) force Science vs. religion Fiend Cruel, wicked and inhuman person Gothic/ supernatural Troglodyte Someone who lives in a cave Reputation Subject: English Violence/ crime Apocryphal Of questionable authenticity (could be fake) Year: 9 Protégé Someone who gets support from an influential benefactor Term: Spring 2 Context Topic: Jekyll and Hyde Savage Opposite of civilised: fierce and violent Written 1886 Abominable unequivocally detestable (hated without doubt) Lesson Sequence Darwin’s Origin of Species Topic: Besiege harass with questions or requests Week 1 (1859) Disquietude feelings of anxiety that make you tense or irritable - Context and themes Epistolary narrative Narrative written as a series of documents e.g. letters Freud’s psychoanalytic - Critical introduction theory (1923) Ambiguous Without obvious meaning, open to more than one interpretation Jack the Ripper (1888) Weeks 2 - 5 Pathetic fallacy Weather and nature reflect the mood - Language and Stevenson’s Calvinist Animalistic imagery Descriptive vocabulary associated with animals structure analysis upbringing - Character evaluation Semantic field Group of related words , inarticulate Week 6 - Overall thematic Key Character Adjectives Definitions evaluation Dr. Jekyll Duplicitous Someone who deceives others - Represents the ego (mediates between Key Assessments Conniving Plans to do something immoral what the id wants and what is socially - How does Stevenson Genteel Polite and respectable acceptable) present Hyde as a Civilised Good-mannered and well-educated frightening outsider? (34 Mr. Hyde Depraved Morally corrupt/ wicked marks) - Represents the id (primitive animal Grotesque Extremely ugly instinct dictated by basic desires) Diabolical Shares the devil’s qualities KA3. ‘Stevenson’s Barbaric Savagely cruel presentation of Dr. Jekyll Feral Wild and unpredictable allows the reader to feel Mr. Utterson Scrupulous Not respectful of religious practice sympathy for him.’ (34 - Plays the role of the detective and Disciplined Strong desire for revenge marks) represents the viewpoint of the reader Rational Wicked/ evil - To what extent do Dr. Lanyon Principled Behaves according to strong beliefs of right and wrong you agree? - The respectable scientist Loyal Consistently supportive of friends
Key terminology Definition Key Themes Imperatives Words that make commands Love Paradox Self-contradictory statement that contains two truths that cannot Appearance vs. reality both be true at the same time Prejudice Chiasmus The second half of a phrase is in reverse order to the first part Jealousy Subject: English Year: 9 Conditional clause A subordinate clause introduced by ‘if’ or ‘unless’ Term: Summer 1 Logos The word of God Context Topic: Othello Euphemism Words used to downplay something harsh or embarrassing Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) Hubris Excessive pride or self-confidence Written 1603 Topic:Lesson Sequence Tragic flaw Trait that leads a character to their own downfall First performed 1603 Elizabethan Era (1558- Week 1 Pun Comic play on words 1603) - Context and themes Antithesis Type of juxtaposition whereby two contrasting ideas are expressed in - Critical introduction balanced phrases Jacobean Era (1567-1625) - Peripeteia Sudden reversal of fortune Renaissance (1400-1600) Medieval morality plays Weeks 2 - 5 Patriarchal society Society dominated by men - Language and Freytag’s plot pyramid structure analysis Allusion Making an indirect reference to something - Character evaluation
, inarticulate Week 6 Key Character Adjectives Definitions - Overall thematic Othello Gullible Easily persuaded to believe something (credulous) evaluation - Symbolises the Aristotelian tragic hero Naïve Someone who lacks insight/ experience Zealous Extreme passion to complete an particular goal Key Assessments Prestigious Inspires respect and admiration • How does Iago Machiavellian Someone who is exceptionally cunning Shakespeare use - Symbolises Vice, the stock villain of Devious Using dishonest methods for selfish reasons language to present medieval morality plays Embittered Someone who feels they have been treated unfairly the character of Catalyst Someone who triggers an event Iago? (8 marks) Desdemona Faithful Loyal person
Sincere Open and honest EA Exam 3: “Othello is Emilia Forthright Outspoken in their opinions responsible for his own downfall”. (34 marks) Subservient Obeys others unquestionably - To what extent do Roderigo Exploitable Easily manipulated by others you agree? Cassio Esteemed Respected by others
Key terminology Definition Key Themes Patriarch Male head of a family Love (romantic/ family/ sexualised) Imperatives Words that make commands Conflict (family/ inner/ violent) Infatuation Intense but short-lived passion for someone Fate Shakespearean 14 lines in iambic pentameter made of 3 quatrains of Subject: English Gender Year: 9 sonnet alternate rhyme with a rhyming couplet serving as a Volta Honour Term: Summer 2 to end Law and order (social, religious, civil) Topic: Romeo and Juliet Prose Written or spoken language in its most common form Context Blank verse Poetic prose that doesn’t rhyme and is usually written in First performed 1595 Topic:Lesson Sequence iambic pentameter Week 1 Chorus single character who, as developed in Greek drama, acts Elizabethan Era (1558-1603) - Context and themes as a narrator commenting on the plot and themes Patriarchal society - Comprehension Antithesis rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put - Great Chain of Being Weeks 2 - 4 together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Eight stages of courtly love - Language Analysis Juxtaposition Two things placed close together with contrasting effect. Chivalry - Evaluation Motif Recurring image or idea Duelling
, inarticulate Weeks 5 – 7 - Overall thematic Key Character Adjectives Definitions evaluation Romeo Chivalrous / Gallant Behaves in a courteous, charming manner, especially towards women Impetuously callow Acting quickly and thoughtlessly due to immaturity Key Assessments Fickle Someone who changes their mind/ behaviour frequently Juliet Precociously independent Someone who behaves in a more mature way for their age • Explain how far you Shrewdly critical Sharp and perceptive powers of judgement think Shakespeare Prudently cautious Showing care and thought for the future presents Romeo as a Friar Lawrence Pragmatic Someone who creates practical solutions to problems superficial lover. (34 Compassionate Someone who cares for and supports others marks) Mercutio Audaciously provocative Someone whose bold and outrageous behaviour tends to offend others
Unworldly/ Surreal Bizarre in an almost supernatural sense KA6. How does Shakespeare present the Volatile/ Temperamental Unpredictably aggressive theme of romantic love Lord Capulet Tyrannically autocratic Someone who exercises absolute power in a cruel way throughout the play? (34 Irascible Short-tempered/ hot-headed marks) Tybalt Implacably ruthless Someone who never has any pity or compassion for others Belligerent/ Antagonistic Someone who shows their dislike in an overtly aggressive way