A Companion to Romantic Poetry
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A Companion to Romantic Poetry A Companion to Romantic Poetry Edited by Charles Mahoney © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-13554-2 99781405135542_1_pretoc.indd781405135542_1_pretoc.indd i 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:091:28:09 AAMM Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture This series offers comprehensive, newly written surveys of key periods and movements and certain major authors, in English literary culture and history. Extensive volumes provide new perspectives and positions on contexts and on canonical and post-canonical texts, orientating the beginning student in new fi elds of study and providing the experienced undergraduate and new graduate with current and new directions, as pioneered and developed by leading scholars in the fi eld. Published recently 54. A Companion to the History of the English Language Edited by Haruko Momma and Michael Matto 55. A Companion to Henry James Edited by Greg Zacharias 56. A Companion to the British and Irish Short Story Edited by Cheryl Alexander Malcolm and David Malcolm 57. A Companion to Jane Austen Edited by Claudia L. Johnson and Clara Tuite 58. A Companion to the Arthurian Literature Edited by Helen Fulton 59. A Companion to the Modern American Novel 1900–1950 Edited by John T. Matthews 60. A Companion to the Global Renaissance Edited by Jyotsna G. Singh 61. A Companion to Thomas Hardy Edited by Keith Wilson 62. A Companion to T. S. Eliot Edited by David E. Chinitz 63. A Companion to Samuel Beckett Edited by S. E. Gontarski 64. A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction Edited by David Seed 65. A Companion to Tudor Literature Edited by Kent Cartwright 66. A Companion to Crime Fiction Edited by Charles Rzepka and Lee Horsley 67. A Companion to Medieval Poetry Edited by Corinne Saunders 68. A New Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture Edited by Michael Hattaway 69. A Companion to the American Short Story Edited by Alfred Bendixen and James Nagel 70. A Companion to American Literature and Culture Edited by Paul Lauter 71. A Companion to African American Literature Edited by Gene Jarrett 72. A Companion to Irish Literature Edited by Julia M. Wright 73. A Companion to Romantic Poetry Edited by Charles Mahoney 99781405135542_1_pretoc.indd781405135542_1_pretoc.indd iiii 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:091:28:09 AAMM A COMPANION TO ROMANTIC POETRY EDITED BY CHARLES MAHONEY A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 99781405135542_1_pretoc.indd781405135542_1_pretoc.indd iiiiii 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:091:28:09 AAMM This edition fi rst published 2011 © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization © 2011 Charles Mahoney Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Charles Mahoney to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to romantic poetry / edited by Charles Mahoney. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to literature and culture ; 73) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-3554-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. English poetry–19th century–History and criticism–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. English poetry–18th century–History and criticism–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Romanticism–Great Britain–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Mahoney, Charles, 1964– PR590.C58 2010 821′.709145–dc22 2010033795 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs 978-1-4443-9063-6; Wiley Online Library 978-1-4443-9065-0; ePub 978-1-4443-9064-3 Set in 11/13pt Garamond 3 by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2011 99781405135542_1_pretoc.indd781405135542_1_pretoc.indd iivv 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:101:28:10 AAMM Contents List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors ix Acknowledgments xiv Introduction 1 Charles Mahoney Part I Forms and Genres 7 1 Mournful Ditties and Merry Measures: Feeling and Form in the Romantic Short Lyric and Song 9 Michael O’Neill 2 Archaist-Innovators: The Couplet from Churchill to Browning 25 Simon Jarvis 3 The Temptations of Tercets 44 Charles Mahoney 4 To Scorn or To “Scorn not the Sonnet” 62 Daniel Robinson 5 Ballad Collection and Lyric Collectives 78 Steve Newman 6 Satire, Subjectivity, and Acknowledgment 95 William Flesch 7 “Stirring shades”: The Romantic Ode and Its Afterlives 107 Esther Schor 99781405135542_2_toc.indd781405135542_2_toc.indd v 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:211:28:21 AAMM vi Contents 8 Pastures New and Old: The Romantic Afterlife of Pastoral Elegy 123 Christopher R. Miller 9 The Romantic Georgic and the Work of Writing 140 Tim Burke 10 Shepherding Culture and the Romantic Pastoral 159 John Bugg 11 Ear and Eye: Counteracting Senses in Loco-descriptive Poetry 176 Adam Potkay Part II Production and Distribution, Schools and Movements 195 12 “Other voices speak”: The Poetic Conversations of Byron and Shelley 197 Simon Bainbridge 13 The Thrush in the Theater: Keats and Hazlitt at the Surrey Institution 217 Sarah M. Zimmerman 14 Laboring-Class Poetry in the Romantic Era 234 Michael Scrivener 15 Celtic Romantic Poetry: Scotland, Ireland, Wales 251 Jane Moore 16 Anglo-Jewish Romantic Poetry 268 Karen Weisman 17 Leigh Hunt’s Cockney Canon: Sociability and Subversion from Homer to Hyperion 285 Michael Tomko 18 Poetry, Conversation, Community: Annus Mirabilis, 1797–1798 302 Emily Sun Part III Contemporary Contexts and Perspectives 319 19 Spontaneity, Immediacy, and Improvisation in Romantic Poetry 321 Angela Esterhammer 20 Celebrity, Gender, and the Death of the Poet: The Mystery of Letitia Elizabeth Landon 337 Ghislaine McDayter 21 Poetry and Illustration: “Amicable strife” 354 Sophie Thomas 99781405135542_2_toc.indd781405135542_2_toc.indd vvii 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:211:28:21 AAMM Contents vii 22 Romanticism, Sport, and Late Georgian Poetry 374 John Strachan 23 “The science of feelings”: Wordsworth’s Experimental Poetry 393 Ross Hamilton 24 Romanticism, Gnosticism, and Neoplatonism 412 Laura Quinney 25 Milton and the Romantics 425 Gordon Teskey Part IV Critical Issues and Current Debates 443 26 “The feel of not to feel it,” or the Pleasures of Enduring Form 445 Anne-Lise François 27 Romantic Poetry and Literary Theory: The Case of “A slumber did my spirit seal” 467 Marc Redfi eld 28 “Strange utterance”: The (Un)Natural Language of the Sublime in Wordsworth’s Prelude 483 Timothy Bahti 29 The Matter of Genre in the Romantic Sublime 503 Ian Balfour 30 Sexual Politics and the Performance of Gender in Romantic Poetry 521 James Najarian 31 Blake’s Jerusalem: Friendship with Albion 538 Karen Swann 32 The World without Us: Romanticism, Environmentalism, and Imagining Nature 554 Bridget Keegan 33 Ethical Supernaturalism: The Romanticism of Wordsworth, Heaney, and Lacan 572 Guinn Batten 34 The Persistence of Romanticism 589 Willard Spiegelman Index 606 99781405135542_2_toc.indd781405135542_2_toc.indd vviiii 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:211:28:21 AAMM Illustrations 10.1 Contemporary tracts documenting various kinds of British sheep in close detail; figures engraved on wood by Thomas Bewick 163 21.1 Thomas Rowlandson, “Doctor Syntax Sketching after Nature”; etching 359 21.2 William Blake, illustration for Edward Young’s Night Thoughts (1797) 362 21.3 William Blake, title page for The Book of Thel (1789) 363 21.4 Thomas Stothard, illustration for “Christabel” 365 21.5 George Beaumont, frontispiece for Wordsworth’s The White Doe of Rylstone (1815) 367 21.6 J. M. W. Turner, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage – Italy 369 22.1 Portrait of Thomas Cribb, the British Champion, 1811 379 99781405135542_3_posttoc.indd781405135542_3_posttoc.indd vviiiiii 99/24/2010/24/2010 111:28:331:28:33 AAMM Notes on Contributors Timothy Bahti, formerly Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Michigan and now an independent scholar, is the author of Allegories of History: Literary Historiography after Hegel (1992), Ends of the Lyric: Direction and Consequence in Western Poetry (1996), and some forty articles on poetry, philosophy, and literary theory. Simon Bainbridge is Professor of Romantic Studies at Lancaster University.