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Analysis of Rice Production Factor Efficiency in Langkat Regency North Sumatra Province

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Analysis of Rice Production Factor Efficiency in Langkat Regency North Sumatra Province International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Analysis of Rice Production Factor Efficiency in Langkat Regency North Sumatra Province Faisal Azhari Baldan Panjaitan1, Tavi Supriana2, Rahmanta2 1Postgraduate Students, Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture at University of North Sumatera, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Lecturer, Department of Agribusiness , Faculty of Agriculture at University of North Sumatera, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Faisal Azhari Baldan Panjaitan ABSTRACT 0.03% rice, so it is estimated that there will be an increase in consumption of rice. This study aims to analyze the opportunities to High demand if not followed by an increase rice production in Langkat District increase in production will cause problems. through the efficiency of farming production The program to improve food security is factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze directed at being able to meet the needs of the efficiency of production factors on the production of lowland rice farming in Langkat the people in the country from national food Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data production. Various efforts have been made analysis methods used are Ordinary Least by the government in collaboration with the Square (OLS) and Stochastic Frontier Maximum agricultural service to develop certified Likelihood Estimation (MLE) Linear superior seeds, spacing technology and most Regression with SPSS 24, Eviews 8, and recently the activities of Special Effort for Frontier 4.1 software tools. The results showed Rice, Corn and Soybean. that land area variables had a negative and North Sumatra is one of the insignificant effect and the use of seeds had a mainstay areas for producing rice. Rice positive and not significant effect on production. production in North Sumatra during the Meanwhile the variables of the use of seeds, period of 2012 until 2016 experienced a fertilizers, liquid pesticides, labor in the family and out-of-family labor have a positive and fluctuating increase. In Table 1, it is known significant effect on the production of wetland that the harvested area of wetland rice in the rice in the Langkat Regency of North Sumatra area of North Sumatra in 2012 to 2014 has Province. The results also showed that wetland decreased, then again increased in 2015 - rice farming in Langkat District of North 2016. Many factors that can affect the Sumatra Province was technically quite efficient increase or decrease in rice production with mean efficiency (0.82). include climate / weather disturbances and Keywords: Farming, Lowland Rice, Technical the conversion of paddy fields into Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier plantation land (North Sumatra in Figures, INTRODUCTION 2017). Rice is the main food for most Table 1: Harvest Area, Production and Average Rice people in Indonesia. With the increasing Production in 2012 - 2016 North Sumatra Province. population in Indonesia, the demand for rice Year Harvest area Production Average of Production will increase. In March 2016 there was a (ha) (ton) (ton/ha) 2012 7.143.07 3.552.373 49.73 surge in rice consumption. According to the 2013 6.973.44 3.571.141 51.21 Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016, the 2014 6.767.24 3.490.516 51.58 2015 7.318.11 3.868.880 52.87 dominant commodity contributing / 2016 8.266.95 4.387.035,09 53.07 contributing to deflation in March 2016 was Source: Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province, 2017 International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 465 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Faisal Azhari Baldan Panjaitan et.al. Analysis of rice production factor efficiency in Langkat regency north Sumatra province The harvested area, production and Technology Research Institute (BPTP) of average production of Regency / City North Sumatra Province In 2011, if paddy wetland rice in North Sumatra can be seen farming is done in a good way then rice in Table 1. In table 1 it is known that the top paddy farming can produce Dry Grain 5 regions have land area, production and the (GKG) up to 5-8 tons per Ha. By comparing highest production average in North production and production averages from Sumatra Province, among others, namely 2013 to 2016, rice production in Langkat Simalungun Regency, Deli Serdang Regency is still far from expectations. The Regency, Langkat Regency, Serdang slowing down of rice productivity shows Bedagai Regency and Mandailing Natal that the marginal productivity of paddy District. Langkat Regency is the third place fields has approached the maximum level with a harvest area of 79,124.9 ha, (leveling off). Such productivity conditions production of 409,954.4 tons and an average can be improved through efforts to improve production of 51.81 kw / ha. However, if efficiency, intensify or improve technology. viewed from the amount of production and This effort is more feasible given the production averages, Langkat Regency is increasing production through under Serdang Bedagai Regency with a extensification is increasingly difficult and harvest area of 75,618.5 ha, with production inefficient. of 248,360.3 tons and an average production Based on the description above, of 56.33 kw / ha. efforts to increase productivity through efficiency of production factors are Table 2: Harvest Area, Production and Average Rice important to note. This study will analyze Production in 5 Districts in North Sumatra, 2016. Regency / City Harvest area Production Average of opportunities to increase rice production in Production Langkat District through the efficiency of (ha) (ton) (ton/ha) Simalungun 1024375 6345558 61.95 farming production. Based on this Deliserdang 819555 4897252 59.76 background, the problem was drawn to Langkat 791249 4099544 51.81 Serdang Bedagai 756185 4259462 56.33 examine the factors that influence the Mandailing Natal 487163 2483603 50.98 efficiency of rice paddy production with the Source: Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province, title, "Analysis Of Rice Production Factor 2017 Efficiency In Langkat Regency North The development of lowland rice production Sumatra Province". in Langkat Regency from 2012 to 2016 has relatively fluctuated. The same thing Hypothesis happened to the harvested area of wetland Based on the description of problem rice, which also fluctuated relatively. The identification and theoretical basis, the government's efforts to carry out the Special hypotheses of this study are as follows: Effort of Rice, Corn and Soybean Plants 1. Land area, use of seeds, number of have not contributed significantly to the pesticides, fertilizers, labor in the family increase in rice production in Langkat and out-of-family labor have a positive District (Rank in Figures, 2017). effect on the production of rice in the research area. Table 3: Harvest Area, Production and Average Rice 2. Rice farming in the research area is Production in Langkat Regency. technically efficient. Year Harvest area Production Average of Production (ha) (ton) (ton/ha) 2013 80.289 467.121 5,82 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2014 65.599 394.399 6,01 2015 79.167 511.729 6,46 The method of location selection is 2016 78.874 475.525 6,03 done purposively. This research was Source: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat, 2017 conducted in Langkat District of North Sumatra Province based on the third largest Based on the rice paddy cultivation harvest area in North Sumatra Province but guide book published by the Agricultural International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 466 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Faisal Azhari Baldan Panjaitan et.al. Analysis of rice production factor efficiency in Langkat regency north Sumatra province in terms of the average production of E value = 0.2 (20%) for the population in Langkat Regency is still lower than Serdang small numbers Bedagai Regency. Time Data collection in this study was carried out during one So the range of samples that can be planting season, namely the planting season taken from the Solvin technique is between of December 2017 to April 2018. 10-20% of the study population. The The method of determining the population in this study was 415 farmers, so sample used is Proportionate Stratified the percentage of allowance used was 10% Random Sampling. Proportional stratified and the calculation results could be rounded sampling methods are used because the pre- up to achieve conformity. So to find out the survey conditions in Langkat Regency research sample, with the calculation as indicate that the average production of wet follows: rice in each sub-district is different and stratified (Supriana Tavi, 2016). Therefore to represent several production strata in Langkat Regency, the sample is taken based on the District with the criteria having high, medium and low production averages. Then obtained three Subdistricts that are in Based on the above calculations, the accordance with these criteria, among respondents in this study were 99 paddy rice others, Serapit Subdistrict with an average farmers in Serapit District, Sei Bingai production of 70.09 kw / ha, Sei Bingai District and Selesai District, Langkat District with an average production of 64.17 District, North Sumatra Province. kw / ha and Sublet District with an average Data Outliers are cases or data that production of 55.29 kw / ha. have unique characteristics that look very The number of rice paddy farmers in different from other observations and appear Serapit District, Sei Bingai District and in the form of extreme values for either a Selesai District is 415 farmers. Sampling in single or combination variable. There are this study uses Slovin techniques, according four causes for outlier data, including errors to (Sugiyono, 2011) sampling using the in data entry, failing to specify the missing Slovin formula because in sampling, the values in computer programs, outliers not number must be Representative so that the being members of the population we take as results of the study can be generalized and samples, outliers coming from the the calculations do not require a table of population we take as samples, but the sample numbers, but can be done with distribution of variables in that population simple formulas and calculations.
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