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The Development of Smes in Bukit Barisan High Land Area to Create The development of SMEs in Bukit Barisan High Land Area to create an agricultural center by using a solid cooperation between local governments, enterprises, and farmers : an application of competitive intelligence for stimulating the growth Sahat Manondang Manullang To cite this version: Sahat Manondang Manullang. The development of SMEs in Bukit Barisan High Land Area to create an agricultural center by using a solid cooperation between local governments, enterprises, and farm- ers : an application of competitive intelligence for stimulating the growth. Economics and Finance. Université Paris-Est, 2008. English. NNT : 2008PEST0246. tel-00468693 HAL Id: tel-00468693 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468693 Submitted on 31 Mar 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Paris-Est Le développement de PME dans les hautes terres de Bukit Barisan pour créer un Centre Agricole au moyen d'une solide coopération entre autorités locales, entreprises et fermiers - Une application de l'Intelligence Compétitive pour stimuler la croissance. The Development of SMEs in Bukit Barisan High Land Area to Create an Agricultural Center by Using A Solid Cooperation Between Local Governments, Enterprises, and Farmers An application of Competitive Intelligence for Stimulating the Growth Présentée le 09 octobre 2008 A l’IUT de Marne la vallée Amphithéâtre Albert Einstein par Monsieur Sahat Manondang Manullang Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en Science de l’Information et de la Communication Sous la direction du professeur Henri DOU Jury Henri Dou, Professeur, Université Paul Cézanne, Directeur Jacky Kister, Directeur de recherche CNRS, UMR 6171, Marseille, Rapporteur Luc Quoniam, Professeur, Université Sud Toulon Var, Rapporteur Clément Paoli, Professeur, Université de Marne la Vallée, Examinateur Christian Longevialle, Professeur, Université de Marne la Vallée, Examinateur 1 A notre Seigneur Jésus Christ, En qui je crois profondément. In our Lord Jesus Christ, In whom I believe deeply. A ma famille, Ma mère Mes frères et sœurs Mon beau frère Ainsi que Missy 2 3 REMERCIEMENTS Les années consacrées à cette recherche ont été l’occasion de fructueuses rencontres, d’intenses travaux et réflexions et de multiples collaborations. Des liens d’amitié se sont tissés avec de nombreuses personnes que je tiens aujourd`hui à remercier. Merci aux Institutions Françaises, tout d`abord, lesquelles m`ont permis de poursuivre mes études en France jusqu’a niveau du doctorat. Je remercie l`Université de Marne la Vallée et le Laboratoire CRRM qui m`ont offert des conditions de travail optimales et ont permis un précieux transfert de connaissances afin que je puisse poursuivre mes recherches jusqu`à leur plein aboutissement. Je voudrais remercier toute l`équipe du CRRM et de l’IUT, et tout particulièrement le Professeur Henri Dou pour sa confiance sans cesse renouvelée et surtout pour sa simplicité, sa générosité et son ouverture d`esprit qui sont autant de valeurs qui m`ont véritablement marquée, Je lui suis profondément et sincèrement reconnaissante de ses conseils, sa pédagogie et tellement plus encore. A tous les acteurs de l`Intelligence Compétitive/Intelligence Economique en France, à la fois pour leurs écrits et aussi pour les discussions que nous avons pu échanger. Je remercie de plus tous les membres du Jury qui me font l`honneur d` apprécier et de juger ce travail. Merci vivement au Régent de la zone de Simalungun, Monsieur Zulkarnaen Damanik, également tous les personnel du departement d’agricole et forestry de Simalungun ; Monsieur Mahrum Sipayung, Monsieur Muknir Damanik, Monsieur Robert Purba et Monsieur Jhon Damanik, pour les discussions fructueuses que j’ai eues avec eux. 4 Je tiens à remercier aussi tous mes collegue, Kadiman Situmorang, Isyrofan Zaini, Tigor Siahaan, Edward Baharuddin, Marlon Saragih, Tiorida Simbolon, Risma Sitanggang, Sabar siagian, and Frans Togatorop, pour leur sincère amitié, soutiens, et leur aide durant des recherches de ce travail. 5 Je voudrais également exprimer ma gratitude envers les personnes qui m`ont offert leur aide et leur amitié. A la famille Sagala , Monsieur et Madame Sagala, Mery, Paul, Meta et Novianty. A mes collègues et aussi mes amis à CRRM, Franky Tulungen, Fahim Taqi, Nouruzi Ali et Gusnaedy mes soutiens de la première heure et fidèles supporters. A tous mes amis à Paris, A la famille Edy Bratawijaya , Octave et Mega, Edwin et Lusti, Freddy Sirait, Hutagalung et touts les autres. Un grand merci à tous mes amis de l`Eglise Américaine que je n`oublie pas ! 6 Mes remerciements les plus sincères…… A la famille du Professeur Henri Dou, Mireille, Jean-Marie et Carine A la famille Ventre, Françoise et Robert, Alain, ainsi que Margot 7 TABLE OF CONTENT Page Table of Content…………………………………………………………… v List of Figures……………………………………………………………… ix List of Table………………………………………………………………… x Abstract……………………………………………………………………... xiii Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTER I GENERAL PRESENTATION Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.1. Background – Indonesia Today…………………………………………. 5 1.2. Micro Credit in Indonesia………………………………………………… 7 1.3. Globalization………………………………………………………………. 9 1.4. Knowledge Era…………………………………………………………….. 10 1.5. Indonesia needs to be competitive………………………………………. 10 1.5.1. Developing Competitive Intelligence research 1.6. History of Indonesia……………………………………………………….. 12 1.7. The Social Economy of Indonesia………………………………………. 13 1.8. General Road Map of Development…………………………………….. 21 1.8.1. The Role of the Local Government………………………………. 23 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 24 CHAPTER II THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUKIT BARISAN HIGH LAND Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 26 2.1. The Profile of North Sumatera………………………………………….. 26 2.1.1 Geography…………………………………………………………... 26 2.1.2. Administration……………………………………………………… 26 2.1.3. The Social Economy of North Sumatera………………………... 27 2.2. Medan City…………………………………………………………………. 31 2.3. Industrial Zones………………………………………………………. 32 2.4. Bukit Barisan High Land Area……………………………………………. 34 2.5. Limitation of the Problems………………………………………………... 35 2.6. New Approaches for the Development Process……………………….. 36 2.7. The Aims and Objectives of the Study………………………………….. 36 8 2.8. Methodology of Competitive Intelligence……………………………….. 38 2.8.1. Logical Construction of Research……………………………….. 41 2.8.2. Tools for Searching and Analysing Information……………… 42 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 44 CHAPTER III COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 46 3.1 . The Concept of Competitive Intelligence (CI)…………………………. 46 3.2. The Role of CI……………………………………………………………… 51 3.3 Methodology of CI…………………………………………………………. 59 3.4. The Intelligence Cycle……………………………………………………. 59 3.5. Competitive Intelligence in Some Countries…………………………… 63 3.6. Competitive Intelligence in Indonesia………………………………….. 77 3.7. Competitive Intelligence for Regional Planning……………………….. 80 3.8. The Outcome of Applying CI…………………………………………….. 84 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 90 CAPTER IV MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL BUKIT BARISAN HIGH LAND AREA STUDY ON THE DEVELOPENT OF COFFE and CORN FARMING AS ENTERPRISES TO INCREASE SMEs BASED AGRICULTURE - An Application Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 91 4.1. The Reason of Choosing the Area………………………………………. 91 4.2. Methodology of Research………………………………………………... 91 4.3 The Objectives of the Study……………………………………………… 92 4.4. The Theme of Development……………………………………………… 93 4.5. The Profile of Bukit Barisan High Land - Where We Are Now………... 94 4.5.1. Administrative……………………………………………………… 94 4.5.2. Topography and Land Used……………………………………… 95 4.6. Social Economy…………………………………………………………… 102 4.6.1. Population…………………………………………………………. 102 4.6.2. Workeforce………………………………………………………… 103 4.6.3. Agriculture………………………………………………………….. 104 4.7. Agricultural and Poverty………………………………………………….. 105 4.8. Management of Agriculture in Bukit Barisan High Land……………… 110 9 4.9. The Essential Factor……………………………………………………….. 118 4.9.1. Stability in Politics and Security…………………………………. 119 4.9.2. Government Services……………………………………………. 120 4.9.2.1. The Government of Regency Services……………….. 121 4.9.2.2. The Government of Province Services………………... 122 4.9.3. Infrastructure………………………………………………………... 123 4.9.4. Human Resources………………………………………………… 124 4.9.5. Organization……………………………………………………….. 125 4.9.6. Capital and Technology………………………………………….. 126 4.9.7. Enterprises………………………………………………………... 129 4.9.8. Agricultural and Information System…………………………… 130 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 132 CHAPTER V THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE AND STRATEGIC PROGRAMs IN SIMALUNGUN REGENCY Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 133 5.1. The Government of Simalungun Regency…………………………….. 133 5.2. Non- Government Organization…………………………………………. 134 5.3. Developing the Information System of CI………………………………. 136 5.4. Establishing the Centre of Competitive Intelligence………………….. 137 5.5. Budget for Establishing CI Unit……………………………………………. 141 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 142 CHAPTER VI THE SMALL AND
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