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Strategi Pengembangan Wilayah Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Disparitas Pembangunan Antar Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Langkat

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Strategi Pengembangan Wilayah Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Disparitas Pembangunan Antar Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Langkat STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN DISPARITAS PEMBANGUNAN ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT TESIS Oleh ROULI MARIA MANALU 127003018/PWD SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA M E D A N 2015 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN DISPARITAS PEMBANGUNAN ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT TESIS Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Sains dalam Program Studi Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaan pada Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh ROULI MARIA MANALU 127003018/PWD SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA M E D A N 2015 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Judul : STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN DISPARITAS PEMBANGUNAN ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT Nama Mahasiswa : ROULI MARIA MANALU NIM : 127003018 Program Studi : Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaan (PWD) Menyetujui, Komisi Pembimbing Dr. Rujiman, MA Dr. Irsyad Lubis M.Sos, Sc Ketua Anggota Ketua Program Studi, Direktur, Prof. Dr. lic. rer. reg. Sirojuzilam, SE Prof. Dr. Erman Munir, M. Sc Tanggal Lulus: 9 Mei 2015 Telah diuji UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Pada tanggal: 9 Mei 2015 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS: Ketua : Dr. Rujiman, MA Anggota : 1. Dr. Irsyad Lubis, M.Sos, Sc 2. Prof. Dr. lic. rer. reg. Sirojuzilam, SE 3. Kasyful Mahalli, SE, M.Si 4. Dr. Agus Purwoko, S.Hut, M.Si PERNYATAAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN DISPARITAS PEMBANGUNAN ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT TESIS Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam tesis ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain , kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka. Medan, Mei 2015 ROULI MARIA MANALU UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN DISPARITAS PEMBANGUNAN ANTAR KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT ROULI MARIA MANALU ABSTRAK Disparitas pembangunan dapat dilihat dalam lingkup wilayah secara spasial dimana pembangunan tidak selalu berlangsung secara seimbang dan merata. Mengetahui sektor-sektor basis daerah merupakan salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam perumusan strategi pengembangan wilayah. Strategi pengembangan wilayah ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalahan disparitas pembangunan antar wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sektor basis per kecamatan, mengidentifikasi tipologi sektor-sektor perekonomian, dan mengetahui tingkat disparitas pembangunan antar kecamatan di Kabupaten Langkat, serta merekomendasikan strategi pengembangan wilayah berdasarkan sektor basis yang dapat diterapkan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif deskriptif. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis LQ (Location Quotient), tipologi Klassen pendekatan sektoral, indeks Williamson dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis LQ menunjukkan sektor pertanian merupakan sektor basis pada sebagian besar kecamatan di Kabupaten Langkat, yakni 16 kecamatan dari 23 kecamatan, dan mendominasi perekonomian di Kabupaten Langkat. Sektor ekonomi yang masuk dalam kualifikasi sektor prima (kuadran I) adalah sektor pertanian. Sektor yang berada pada klasifikasi sektor berkembang (kuadran II) adalah sektor industri pengolahan, sektor listrik, gas, dan air bersih, sektor bangunan/ konstruksi dan sektor keuangan, persewaan, dan jasa perusahaan. Sedangkan sektor maju tapi tertekan (kuadran III) adalah sektor pertambangan dan penggalian. Sementara itu sektor yang tertinggal atau terbelakang (kuadran IV) adalah sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, sektor pengangkutan dan komunikasi, dan sektor jasa-jasa. Nilai indeks Williamson Kabupaten Langkat selama kurun waktu tahun 2008-2012 berfluktuatif tetapi secara umum mengalami penurunan. Lebih lanjut disparitas pembangunan antar kecamatan di Kabupaten Langkat paling tinggi terjadi di Wilayah Pengembangan Pembangunan (WPP) III, yaitu Kecamatan Tanjung Pura, Gebang, Babalan, Sei Lepan, Brandan Barat, Besitang, Pangkalan Susu dan Pematang Jaya. Strategi pengembangan wilayah dapat diterapkan di Kabupaten Langkat adalah dengan mengembangkan sektor pertanian dan sektor industri berbasis pertanian. Kata Kunci: Strategi pengembangan wilayah, disparitas pembangunan, sektor basis REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT DISPARITY AMONG SUBDISTRICTS UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA IN LANGKAT DISTRICT ROULI MARIA MANALU ABSTRACT Development disparity can be seen spatially in territorial scope where development is usually imbalanced and uneven. Knowing area-based sectors is one of the aspects which need attention in formulating regional development strategy. This strategy is expected to be able to solve the problems of development disparity among areas. The objective of the research was to identify basic sector per subdistrict and the typology of economic sectors, to find out the level of development disparity among subdistricts in Langkat District, and to recommend feasible strategy of sector-based regional development. The research used descriptive quantitative method. The data were analyzed by using LQ (Location Quotient) analysis, Klassen sectoral-based typology, Williamson index, and descriptive analysis. The result of LQ analysis showed that of the 16 subdistricts, 16 of them applied sector-based agriculture and dominated economic sectors in Langkat District. Economic sector which was qualified as the primary sector (quadrant I) was agricultural sector. The sectors classified as developing sectors (quadrant II) were processing industry, electricity, gas, clean water, building/construction, finance, rental, and company service sectors. Advanced but pressed sectors (quadrant III) were mining and excavating, while underdeveloped sectors (quadrant IV) were trade, hotel and restaurant, transportation and communication, and services sectors. Williamson index value of Langkat District in the period of 2008-2012 fluctuated although generally declined. The highest developing disparity among subdistricts in Langkat District was in WPP (Developing Area) III such as Tanjung Pura, Gebang, Babalan, Sei Lepan, Berandan Barat, Besitang, Pangkalan Susu, and Pematang Raya subdistricts. Regional development strategy which could be implemented in Langkat District was by developing agricultural sector and agriculture-based industry sector. Keywords: Regional Development Strategy, Development Disparity, Basic Sector UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih, atas berkat dan rahmat- Nya sehingga tesis yang berjudul “Strategi Pengembangan Wilayah dalam Kaitannya dengan Disparitas Pembangunan Antar Kecamatan di Kabupaten Langkat” dapat terselesaikan. Penyusunan tesis ini merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi dalam rangka studi di Program Studi Magister Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaan di Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. Atas terselesaikannya tesis ini, tidak lupa saya menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Subhilhar, MA, Ph.D sebagai Pejabat Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Prof. Dr. Erman Munir, M.Sc sebagai direktur Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Prof. Dr. lic. rer. reg. Sirojuzilam, SE, sebagai Ketua Program Studi Magister Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaan (PWD) Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Bapak Dr. Rujiman, MA, sebagai Ketua Komisi Pembimbing dan Bapak Dr. Irsyad Lubis, M.Sos, Sc, sebagai Anggota Komisi Pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan dan meluangkan waktu, tenaga dan pikiran dalam memberikan bimbingan penyusunan tesis ini. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Bapak Prof. Dr. Lic. rer. reg. Sirojuzilam, SE, Bapak Kasyful Mahalli, SE, M.Si, dan Bapak Dr. Agus Purwoko, S.Hut, M.Si, sebagai Komisi Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dan saran-saran yang konstruktif untuk kesempurnaan tesis ini. 6. Seluruh dosen yang mengajar mata kuliah pada Program Studi Magister Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaan (PWD) Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. 7. Orangtua saya Ayahanda Drs. L. Manalu dan Ibunda T. Sihombing serta Ayahanda Mertua Ir. M. Situmorang dan Ibunda Mertua H. Siregar yang saya hormati dan muliakan, atas doa, perhatian dan dukungan yang tetap diberikan selama proses penyelesaian studi. 8. Suami tercinta dr. Mayer Situmorang dan ketiga putra saya Arsenius Morris Hadorassa, Carel Fabian Hotdo dan Tristan Patimbohon yang senantiasa mendoakan dan memberikan dorongan semangat penuh kerelaan dan pengertian yang mendalam selama mengikuti perkuliahan. 9. Kakak, adik dan seluruh keluarga yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu yang telah membantu dan memberi dorongan selama proses penyelesaian studi. 10. Teman-teman mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Perencanan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Pedesaaan (PWD) Tahun 2012 atas segala dukungan, bantuan dan masukannya yang memotivasi dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 11. Rekan-rekan kerja di Dinas Bina Marga Provsu dan semua pihak yang telah terlibat dan mendukung penyusunan tesis ini atas dukungan dan motivasi yang telah diberikan. Penyusun menyadari bahwa tesis ini masih jauh dari sempurna, namun harapannya semoga tesis ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih senantiasa menyertai kita. Medan, Mei 2015 Penyusun, ROULI MARIA MANALU UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
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