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GEMEENTE BINJAI (1917-1942) Skripsi Sarjana Dikerjakan O L E H NAMA : MELISA NIM : 150706041 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTA

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GEMEENTE BINJAI (1917-1942) Skripsi Sarjana Dikerjakan O L E H NAMA : MELISA NIM : 150706041 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTA GEMEENTE BINJAI (1917-1942) Skripsi Sarjana Dikerjakan O L E H NAMA : MELISA NIM : 150706041 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, segala puji bagi Allah Tuhan semesta alam yang telah memberikan banyak nikmat, serta hidayah-Nya kepada penulis. Sehingga dapat menyelesaikan seluruh proses dan penulisan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa penulis haturkan Sholawat berangkaikan salam kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, kiranya semoga mendapatkan syafaat-Nya di hari kemudian kelak. Penulisan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat yang wajib dipenuhi untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dalam hal ini penulis mengkaji tentang Sejarah Kota Binjai dengan judul Gemeente Binjai (1917-1942). Penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak sekali terdapat kekurangan di dalam penulisan skripsi ini, maka dari itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran untuk memperbaiki skripsi ini nantinya. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan khasanah pengetahuan yang bermanfaat. Medan, Januari 2020 Penulis Melisa 150706041 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Penulisan skripsi ini tidak akan pernah selesai tanpa bantuan, semangat dan doa dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada mereka yang telah berkontribusi bagi penulisan skripsi ini. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, MS., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, serta kepada para Wakil Dekan beserta Staf Pegawai Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU. 2. Bapak Drs. Edi Sumarno, M.Hum., selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU. Terima kasih atas segala arahan, waktu luang dan bantuan yang telah bapak berikan. 3. Ibu Dra. Nina Karina, M.SP., selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU selaku Dosen Penasehat Akademik sekaligus sebagai pembimbing skripsi penulis, yang telah membimbing penulis selama kuliah di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU. Segala pemikiran yang ibu kemukakan penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi dalam penulisan skripsi ini dan turut membantu dalam kelancaran penulisan ini 4. Seluruh staf pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah FIB USU, yang telah memberikan penulis banyak pencerahan, pengetahuan, pengalaman serta wawasan. Juga kepada staf administrasi Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Bang Ampera yang telah banyak membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan persoalan administrasi selama masa studi. 5. Pegawai Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpustakaan Universitas Sumatera Utara, serta Taman Bacaan Masyarakat dan Perpustakaan Tengku Luckman Sinar, yang telah memberikan data dan pelayanan yang sangat baik selama penulis melakukan penelitian. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6. Kepada keluarga penulis, Alm. Ayahanda Usman Gumanti dan Ibu Warsiti. Gelar sarjana ini penulis persembahkan kepada Alm. Ayah dan Ibu. Tidak lupa kepada 3 saudara kandung penulis yaitu Bang Al-Azhar, Bang Alfi Syahri, dan Kakak Dewi Sartika yang telah membuat kisah kuliah penulis sangat bewarna dan memberikan pelajaran yang berguna. Tidak dapat penulis balas atas semua apa yang kalian berikan, hanya doa dan kesehatan yang selalu penulis panjatkan. 7. Sahabat-sahabat tahan banting dari SMA, Diati Zahara, S.Pd., Diati Zahraini, S.Farm., Saskia Adenia br. Bangun, S.KM., Agung Satria, Dimas Reka Arianto, Hafidz Rifkiansya, M. Alfarobi, S.Pi., M. Guffa Maulana, dan seluruh keluarga besar Paswakibra SMA N 1 Binjai yang selalu siap sedia ada dan membantu penulis. 8. Sahabat-sahabat di kampus Elvira Maulani Nasution, Helmi Zulfri Siregar, S.S., Luthfi Syujaqi Pulungan, dan Ahmad Fikri Haz. Semoga apa yang telah kita lewati di antara kita akan terkenang dan tetap terpelihara. Terimakasih juga untuk seluruh teman-teman Ilmu Sejarah angkatan 2015, atas pengalaman baik suka maupun duka yang sangat berharga yang telah kita lewati bersama. 9. Kepada Bang Kiki Maulana Affandi, S.S., Kak Atika Putri Ananda, S.S., atas segala bantuan sepanjang proses pengerjaan skripsi ini, dan juga kepada Kak Kak Cici Christina Manurung, S.S., yang telah menjadi teman sekaligus menjaga penulis saat berada di Jakarta. 10. Teman-teman KKN Reguler Kelompok II Sergai Desa Citaman Jernih Tahun 2018, Atikah Hazrina Putri, Christina Marbun, S.KM., Clarita Agustin, S.KG., Dwinanty Lisa Ananda Putri, Irda Yunita, S.KM., Kholiq Pando Subeno, M. Hidayat, Mulfina Chairunnisa Harahap, Nur Maiyah, S. Pi., Putri Srihardayanti Laia, S.KM., Raissa Mutiara Siregar, Rauda Amira W, S.S., Singgih Ananda P. Nasution, Sri Devi Siagian, S. Kep., dan Yaga Tiaka Halomoan, atas dukungan yang sudah diberikan. 11. Super Junior yang telah menghibur dan memberi semangat dengan karya mereka. Kak Tya Wahyuni, Meilisya Beby Triana, Ruth Damayanti, dan seluruh teman- iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA teman E.L.F yang memberikan dukungan dan memotivasi agar skripsi ini cepat selesai, kemudian dapat menonton konser Super Junior bersama. Akhirnya untuk semua yang membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak, dalam penulisan skripsi ini penulis ucapkan terima kasih. Semoga kebaikan dan bantuan yang telah diberikan pada penulis mendapat balasan terbaik dari Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Aamiin. Medan, Januari 2020 Penulis, MELISA NIM. 150706041 iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. i UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ....................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... v DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISTILAH .................................................................................... ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................... x ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 4 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penlitian ...................................................... 5 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................... 6 1.5 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................ 9 BAB II BINJAI SEBELUM TAHUN 1917 2.1 Geografis ..................................................................................... 15 2.2 Penduduk ..................................................................................... 21 2.3 Pemerintahan ............................................................................... 23 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB III LATAR BELAKANG TERBENTUKNYA GEMEENTE BINJAI 3.1 Decentralisatie Wet 1903 ............................................................. 27 3.2 Pendirian Gemeentefonds ............................................................. 31 3.3 Peningkatan Jumlah Orang Eropa dan Timur Asing ..................... 36 BAB IV PEMERINTAHAN GEMEENTE BINJAI 1917-1942 4.1 Pembentukan Gemeente Binjai .................................................... 39 4.2 Sistem Administrasi Pemerintahan di Gemeente Binjai ................ 41 4.3 Wilayah dan Penduduk ................................................................ 52 4.4 Sumber Pendapatan dan Anggaran Belanja Gemeente Binjai ....... 54 4.5 Perkembangan Infrastruktur Gemeente Binjai 1917-1942 ........... 57 4.5.1 Pemukiman Warga Kota .................................................... 58 4.5.2 Fasilitas Pendidikan ........................................................... 60 4.5.3 Pasar dan Rumah Potong Hewan ........................................ 61 4.5.4 Fasilitas Kesehatan ............................................................. 61 4.5.5 Jaringan Listrik dan Jaringan Air Bersih ............................. 62 4.5.6 Jalan dan Jembatan............................................................. 63 BAB V KESIMPULAN 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 66 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................... 68 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 70 LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................... 75 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR 1. Gambar 1. Peta Rekonstruksi Permukiman Warga Dan Fasilitas Publik Gemeente Binjai ............................................................................................. 64 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Pemasukan Gemeentefonds dari Hasil Tanah (1915-1916) .............. 33 Tabel 2. Lintasan dan Panjang Rel Kereta Api Deli Pada Tahun 1883-1940.. 34 Tabel 3. Jumlah Penduduk Eropa dan Timur Asing di Onderafdeeling Langkat Hulu Tahun 1915 dan 1926 ............................................................................
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