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(Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in NORTH SUMATERA

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(Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in NORTH SUMATERA BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, Vol. 7 (1) August (2020) ISSN: 2356- 458X (print) ISSN: 2550-1305 (online) DOI: 10.31289/biolink.v7i1.3405 BioLink Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/biolink IDENTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) IN NORTH SUMATERA Emmy Harso Kardhinata1*, Edison Purba2, Dwi Suryanto3, dan Herla Rusmarilin4 1&2Program Study of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 3Program Study of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 4Program Study of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Received : 24-09-2019; Reviewed : 24-01-2020: Accepted : 20-02-2020 *Corresponding author: E-mail : [email protected] Abstract The study of identification and inventory of cassava accessions was done from August to September 2014 in four districts based on their potential as a center for cassava cultivation, namely Simalungun, Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Langkat Regency representing the lowlands and Simalungun and Karo Regency representing the highlands. Each district was selected 3 subdistricts and each subdistrict was surveyed 3 villages randomly through the accidental sampling method. Guidance on identifying morphological characters was used by reference from Fukuda, et al. (2010) by giving a score for each character observed. The results of the study obtained 8 genotypes with their respective codes and local names; 1) Sawit (G1), 2) Lampung (G2), 3) Merah (G3), 4) Adira-1 (G4), 5) Kalimantan (G5), 6) Malaysia (G6), 7) Roti (G7) and 8) Klanting (G8). The most common genotype found in the location were Malaysia and Adira-1, while the rarest was Merah. The yield potential at the age of 10 months were Sawit (26,9–30,1 tons/ha), Lampung (29,6–52,6 tons/ha), Merah (54–61,6tons/ha), Adira-1 (34,8–55,0 tons/ha), Kalimantan (15,8–64,2 tons/ha), Malaysia (32,9–64,3 tons/ha), , Roti (24,7–55,5 tons/ha), and Klanting (327,4–49,8 tons/ha). Keywords: Identification, characterization, genotype, morphological characters How to Cite: Kardhinata, E.M., Purba, E., Suryanto, D., dan Rusmarilin, H. (2020). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Identificationand Inventory in North Sumatera, BioLink: Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, Vol.7 (1): Hal. 53-61 53 Kardhinata, E.M., Purba, E., Suryanto, D., dan Rusmarilin, H. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Identificationand Inventory in North Sumatera INTRODUCTION However, all cassava cultivars are known Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) to belong to the species of M. esculenta. belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The According to the latest monograph, the genus Manihot has 98 species. Cassava genusManihot contains 98 species (Rogers was originated from Mato Grosso (Brazil) and Appan, 1973). Crossingby and was distributed by Portuguese traders conventional and biotechnology methods to Africa during the 17th century and to has produced many new varieties in Asia during the 18th to 19th centuries various countries. Nigeria as a cassava- (CIAT, 1993). Cassava cultivation in producing country has produced 17 tropical America has been carried out for varieties that have been released, 5 around 10,000 years. The exact origin of varieties are resistant to mosaic disease this species is unknown, but taxonomic and 5 varieties with low cyanide content and molecular evidence suggests that (Eke-okoro and Njoku, 2012). Each variety cassava originates from the Southern has different morphological and Amazon (Allem, 1994). agronomic characteristics. The discovery Now cassava has been cultivated in of new varieties generally aims to obtain more than 90 countries in America, Africa cassava plants with high yield potential and Asia. This plant plays an important and quality in order to y increase role in providing food and income for production continuously. more than 500 million people in Cassava in North Sumatra is an developing countries (FAOSTAT 2008). important source of carbohydrates for About 200 million people or nearly one food. Cassava production from 2006 to third of the sub-Saharan African 2016 has fluctuated. The sharp increase population also make cassava an occurred from 2006 to 2013, from important regional food (Abdoulaye et al., 452,450 tons to 1,518.21 tons (236%), in 2014). Rawung et al. (2018), in North 2014 it dropped to 1,383,346 tons (8%), in Sulawesi, cassava cultivation can also be 2015 it increased by 17% to 1,619,495 integrated with cattle farming by using tons and in 2016 decreased from 24% to leaves as a source of food for cattle.. 1,228,138 tons. Cassava production has The current cassava genetic fluctuated but productivity tended to resources come from crossing between increase from 2006 to 2016. The local varieties, local varieties with productivity was 125.69 kw/ha in 2006 introduced varieties, or with wild species. 54 BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan, Vol. 7 (1) August (2020): hal. 53-61 and increased sharply more than 55% in This research used a descriptive 2016 to 352.38 kw/ha (BPS, 2017). method of inventorying and identifying Although sufficient data is obtained the genotypes or varieties of cassava about production of cassava, it is not yet plants in the North Sumatra. The data known exactly how many genotypes collected consists of primary data (varieties) grown by the people and yield obtained through direct observation in the potential for each genotype of cassava in field of genotypes/varieties obtained, then North Sumatra. For this reason, it is morphologically observed vegetative necessary to carry out an inventory and characteristicsby referring to the identification of cassava genotypes description of Fukuda, et al. (2010). morphologically and agronomically. The Primary data collection was done purpose of the research was to identify through surveys to districts and sub- morphological and agronomic characters districts that have been predetermined of cassava in North Sumatra. By knowing based on information obtained from the the characteristics and yield potentialof local Agriculture Office (Dinas Pertanian). each genotype, it would be very useful as a Tracing to the villages was carried out basis for selecting genotypes for using accidental sampling and snowball production and productivity sampling methods, which were finding improvements. samples by chance or through information from farmers found at the site. Cassava MATERIALS AND METHODS samples used were 6 months and 10 The research was conducted from months old according to identification August to September 2014 by survey guidelines. Quantitative data such as plant method in five regencies as the five height, cassava diameter, cassava length, highest cassava producing areas cassava quantity, cassava weight, and (Simalungun, Deli Serdang, Serdang cassava yield (kg/tree) were obtained Bedagai, Langkat, and Karo). Each regency from an average of 4 observed samples. was chosen three sub-districts with 3 villages for each, so that the number of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION locations was 45 villages Materials and In the field of plant breeding, tools used in this study were identification germplasm collection is a very important descriptor, camera, tape measure, GPS, activity to obtain genetic resources. scale, altimeter, and other tools that Germplasm collection will produce a support this research. group of plants such as wild varieties, high 55 Kardhinata, E.M., Purba, E., Suryanto, D., dan Rusmarilin, H. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Identificationand Inventory in North Sumatera yielding varieties, introduced local determined by 3 (three) subdistricts varieties, and well-preserved strains. The (except Karo, only 1 subdistrict), and each stages of the implementation of subdistrict was determined by 3 (three) germplasm collection include inventory of villages. The choice of location was plant identification, documentation, determined based on various rejuvenation, long-term seed storage and considerations including the potential to monitoring of growth (Sundari, 2009). produce cassava, the altitude of the place Identification of cassava was and distance traveled. The results of site carried out in 5 (five) Regencies ;Serdang selection in 5 regencies along with sub- Bedagai, Simalungun, Deli Serdang, districts and villages are listed in Table 1. Langkat, and Karo. Each Regency was Table 1. Research locations in Serdang Bedagai, Simalungun, Deli Serdang and Langkat Regencies. I. Serdang Bedagai Regency II. Simalungun Regency Sub-distric Village Sub-distric Village 1.Perbaungan • Jambur Sukajadi 1.Tanah Jawa • Mekar Mulia • Pulau • Panembean Marjanji • Lidah Tanah • Tanjung Pasir 2.Serbajadi • Tanjung Harap 2.Bandar • Pematang Kerasaan • Kuala Bali • Bandar Jawa • Karang Tengah • Bandar Pulo 3.Dolok Masihul • Dolok Manampang 3.Raya • Pematang Raya • Kota Tengah • Dolok Holuan • Pekan Dolok Masihul • Merek Raya III. Deli Serdang Regency II. Langkat Regency Sub-distric Village Sub-distric Village 1.Percut Sei Tuan • Sampali 1.Stabat • Kwala Bingai • Saentis • Kwala Begumit • Bandar Setia • Perdamaian 2.Galang • Jaharun A 2.Secanggang • Karang Gading • Galanng Suka • Teluk • Timbang Deli • Secanggang 3.Pancur Batu • Bintang Meriah 3.Hinai • Tanjung Beringin • Namo Bintang • Suka Jadi • Tanjung Anom • Paya Rengas V. Karo Regency Sub-distric Village 1.Dolat Rakyat • Dolat Rakyat • Sugihen • Ujung Sampun Research sites in Serdang Bedagai
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