THE LIFE-BOAT. JOURNAL of the Iro^Al Bational %I£E=*Boat Jnstitution
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THE LIFE-BOAT. JOURNAL OF THE IRo^al Bational %i£e=*Boat Jnstitution. (ISSUED QUARTERLY.) VOL. XV.—No. 174.] IST NOVEMBER, 1894. ParcE 3d. LIFE-BOAT GEEWS. "MAN the Life-boat!" has become a There is a widespread notion that all household -word, and it may possibly Life-boat work is done under oars, and it prove of some interest to those who, comes as a surprise to many to be told have not had the opportunity of seeing that the greater number of rescues have different parts of the coast of England, or been made by sailing Life-boats, when an of studying the different types of the oar is not even touched. Perhaps in the inhabitants of the coast, to have some future steam or otherwise mechanically- account of the crews who are ever ready propelled Life-boats will be able to claim to man the Life-boats of the KOTAL the largest number of lives saved; but it NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. I is very unlikely that sailing and pulling There is a considerable vagueness in boats will ever be entirely superseded. the minds of a great proportion of the Generally speaking, at the places on public about the manning and launching the coast "where the greatest amount of of Life-boats. The deep national pride in danger to shipping exists, there is to be the existence of the LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION found a class of men to whom Life-boat naturally centres itself in the Life-boat work is second nature. Take for instance men; but to the generality of people a the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk, off Life-boat man is a Life-boat man without which perhaps the greatest number of distinction. He is pictured clad in oil- casualties occur, this locality, at any rate, skins and cork, and is known to be ready, having quite as unenviable a notoriety under any circumstances, to risk his life as the Goodwin sands and those in the to save others, but very little is generally esttzary of the Thames. Along these coasts known about the particular sort of man has lived for centuries the brave type of or the various difficulties to be encoun- seafaring men who compose the well- tered under the different aspects of Life- known " beach companies," which are boat work. governed by communistic rules of a That there are different sizes and types curious and interesting character, though of Life-boats for the work also does not they are not of so deep an interest as appear to be comprehended; and, although the men themselves, who at once strike the " Life-boat Saturday " demonstrations one as being of a different race to their are familiarising the inhabitants of tha neighbours a few miles farther inland. large inland towns with the boats and The ancestors of these men practically crews, still only the smaller class of Life- existed by disasters to shipping; conse- boat can be available for this purpose. quently to he always on the alert, to have VOL, XV.—No. 174.—LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. ii A 794 THE LIFE-BOAT. [lei NOVEMBER, 1894. a thorough knowledge of the out-lying in a position to reach her. These mistakes shoals, the tides, and above all how to are almost non-existent with the class of manage a boat was the first necessity, men described above, who are to be found and their descendants have np to this day in other places on the coast of Great cultivated those attainments. Britain, but undoubtedly the best known These remarks apply equally to that part are those whom we have taken for an of the Kentish coast opposite the Goodwin illustration, viz., the East Anglians and sands and the Essex coast adjacent to the the men on the Kentish and Essex coasts. estuary of the Thames; here also are to be Now it must be borne in mind that these found men whose whole life and bringing men are, as a rule, distinctly different from up has served to produce the ideal Life-boat what is generally understood as " fisher- man. There is practically nothing about men." If they fish at all, it is only of the management of boats left for them to secondary importance. Salvage and "hovel- learn, and it must be remembered that a ling "—that is, assisting ships in various Life-boat requires as much and as careful ways—is their true work, and there is management as any other boat, if success is no more satisfactory school for Life-boat to be attained: a trifling mistake in manage- men; for not only does it teach them to ment may cause the boat to miss the wreck manage their own boats, but nearly all and possibly lead to the loss of those whose these men, in pursuit of their useful lives are in danger through the vessel calling, get so much experience in hand- breaking up before the Life-boat is again ling large vessels that they can be relied IST NOVEMBER, 1894.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 795 on to take them safely into port after her impetus takes her down the beach and haying helped them out of their position into the breakers. The rest of the work of danger. is done by the boat's crew, who haul on So here we have, on the most dangerous the " warp," which is always kept laid out parts of the English coast, a race of to an anchor about 150 fathoms seaward, Life-boat men ready to hand; although, until the boat is sufficiently far off the generally, where there is a dangerous beach to be able to make sail. But at coast there are able Life-boat men, there most places on the Norfolk and Suffolk are unfortunately exceptions. The nature coast the beach is not steep enough to of the coast in some places makes it admit of launching in this manner, and impossible for a seafaring population the boat has to be dragged actually to the to gain a livelihood; for instance, at water's edge; then a large pole called a the mouth of the Humber, the Hull " sett" is brought to bear against the Trinity House is obliged to maintain a stern of the boat, and by the combined paid crew especially for Life-boat work, efforts of the launchers pushing on the there being no local means of obtaining pole and the crew hauling on the warp a livelihood. the boat is got into the breakers, and But to return to the manning of the gradually hove off until in a position to boats by the beachmen (a term comprising make sail. beach companies, salvage companies and The following description of a launch hovellers). The Life-boats worked by of a large sailing Life-boat on the Norfolk these men are of the largest class, from coast is taken from an article written and 40 to 46 feet long, and 10 to 13 feet illustrated by Mr. CHAS. J. STANILAND, beam; their work is nearly always on the and published as a supplement to the outlying sands, which are from about Graphic of the 21st January, 1888 :— half a mile to fifteen or more miles from " The writer on retiring to roost would their station, and of course is always done place a pea-jacket, unmentionables, socks under sail, with occasional assistance and boots by the side of his humble from tugs. Fifteen to twenty men make couch, and on the first stroke of the Life- the crew, and in places where they are boat bell, would dive out of bed, insinuate formed into beach companies, the Life- himself into pea-jacket, etc., and rush boat is entirely worked by the company, down the narrow stairs, sometimes com- which usually consists of from forty to ing into collision with Tom Pout, Esq., eighty men. on the road (poor Tom, the last time I To satisfactorily work one of the large saw him was past Life-boat work, and in sailing Life-boats, a gang of no less than sorrow, having just lost lost his nephew, fifty men should be available. The boats Jack Sutton, by the disastrous yawl themselves weigh between 9 and 11 tons, accident, which had plunged Caister into and cannot be mounted on carriages like mourning), and out into the deep and the small pulling Life-boats, but must be holding sand belonging -and appertaining dragged and shoved down to the water's to those parts. Holloaing, plunging and edge, with their keels on skids. There colliding, come from all points the Caister are a few places on the coast where the heroes (the East Anglian has lungs), in shingle beaches are so steep (Deal, costume various, with trousers and with- Walmer, Kingsdown, Aldeburgh, Dunge- out, with shirts and without, mostly with- ness, &c.) that it is only necessary to haul out shoes, they make their way to the the boats to the "full," or top, of the shed, where, hanging from the rafters, shingle; the "skids" are then laid like are their oilies and sou'-westers, and, sleepers of a railway, from the top of reposing under the benches are their boots the beach to the water, and, at a signal and boot-stockings. from the coxswain, the boat is let go and " There is for a few minutes a pande- 3 A 2 796 THE LIFE-BOAT. [1ST NOVEMBEB, 1894. moninm, scuffling, shouting, shouts of one at her stern, it is caught up by two 'Hurry up, boys!' from the coxswain, beachmen and aligned with her bows.