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Huangdi Neijing Suwen Y Sus Traducciones Al Inglés Y Español

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Huangdi Neijing Suwen Y Sus Traducciones Al Inglés Y Español A-MEXICO O DE ESTUDIOS CHIN ONOMA DE MEXICO CENTR T AU AL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CION NA CHINA-MEXICO AD UNIVERSID UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CHINA-MEXICO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO América Latina y el Caribe - China Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino mérica Latina y el Caribe, a pesar de las embajadas chi- A nas en sus respectivos países, a pesar de sus comuni- dades chinas, más o menos extensas, a pesar de sus centros Chino e instituciones académicas dedicados al estudio de aquel país, aún está lejos de conocer a China, no obstante que ya es uno de los principales socios comerciales de varios países de la región. Conscientes de la incomprensión mutua, so- bre la cual se cimientan nuestras relaciones actuales, los paí- América Latina y El Caribe - China ses latinoamericanos y caribeños están emprendiendo accio- nes para acercarse a China en todos los ámbitos. Los institutos Confucio, que en los últimos años proliferaron en nuestra re- Historia, Cultura y gión, ofrecen a los jóvenes latinoamericanos la oportunidad de aprender chino, las becas del gobierno chino impulsan a Aprendizaje del Chino cada vez más estudiantes latinos a estudiar en China e insti- tuciones académicas latinoamericanas abren programas de Liljana Arsovska (coord.) enseñanza e investigación sobre diversos aspectos de China. La RED ALC-CHINA es un esfuerzo sin precedentes en acercar estas dos importantes regiones del mundo, generan- Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del do información en los ámbitos, político, económico y cultu- ral con el propósito de formular políticas de estado que se reflejen en el bienestar de nuestros pueblos. Invitamos cor- dialmente a todos los interesados en el tema de China y su relación con América latina y Caribe a participar activamente en las actividades de la RED ALC-CHINA. ISBN: 978-607-8066-07-0 9786078066070 América Latina y el Caribe - China CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CHINA-MEXICO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO América Latina y El Caribe - China Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino Liljana Arsovska (coord.) Red Académica de América Latina y el Caribe sobre China Dr. Enrique Dussel Peters Coordinador General y Coordinador del eje temático Economía, comercio e inversión Dr. José Ignacio Martínez Cortés Coordinador del eje temático relaciones políticas e internacionales Dra. Yolanda Trápaga Delfín Coordinadora del eje temático recursos naturales y medio ambiente Mtra. Liljana Arsovska Coordinadora del eje temático historia, cultura y aprendizaje del chino Dr. Antonio Ibarra Romero Representante de la Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe http://www.redalc-china.org/ América Latina y El Caribe - China Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe Dr. Gustavo García de Paredes Presidente Dr. Roberto Escalante Semerena Secretario General Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Dr. José Narro Robles Rector Dr. Eduardo Bárzana García Secretario General Ing. Leopoldo Silva Gutiérrez Secretario Administrativo Dr. Francisco José Trigo Tavera Secretario de Desarrollo Institucional M. C. Miguel Robles Bárcena Secretario de Servicios a la Comunidad Lic. Luis Raúl González Pérez Abogado General Centro de Estudios China-México Dr. Enrique Dussel Peters Coordinador Dra. Yolanda Trápaga Delfín Responsable América Latina y el Caribe-China. Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino Coordinadora: Liljana Arsovska Diseño de portada e interiores: Socorro García DR© Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe Circuito Norponiente del Estadio Olímpico, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. Primera edición: 2013 ISBN: 978-607-8066-07-0 Impreso en México América Latina y El Caribe - China Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino Liljana Arsovska (coord.) Índice Introducción ....................................................................................... 7 Liljana Arsovska Sección 1: Historia Confucio y Sócrates. De la China milenaria a la Grecia clásica. El trayecto del ethos a la ética. .......................................................... 13 Flor de María Balboa Reyna El conocimiento de China en Europa y América en el siglo XVI a través de los misioneros agustinos. ...................... 33 José Antonio Cervera Jiménez Sección 2: Aprendizaje de la lengua Las traducciones de textos clásicos de medicina tradicional china. Análisis del caso del 黄帝内经经素问 Huangdi Neijing Suwen y sus traducciones al inglés y español. ............................................. 53 Liljana Arsovska Los proverbios chinos chengyu 成语: un acervo histórico-cultural en acción. ............................................ 69 Radina Plamenova Dimitrova La introducción del idioma chino en Occidente: un paseo por los siglos XVI al XVIII (de la anécdota al intelectualismo). ....... 87 María Teresa González Linaje 5 América Latina y El Caribe-China / Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino Sección 3: Cultura Las primeras migraciones chinas en el Caribe. Un análisis desde la geografía. ........................................................ 111 Martín Manuel Checa-Artasu Proyecto de investigación: el chino latino como identidad en construcción por más de siglo y medio. Estudio de caso del chino-cubano. ................................................. 129 Yrmina Gloria Eng Menéndez Modernización urbana en Oriente y Occidente. Un diálogo fecundo. ........................................................................ 149 Ixchel Lozano Soto El retorno de la Tierra Pura: la colaboración del budismo en las políticas sociales de China. ................................................... 167 María Elvira Ríos Peñafiel Sobre los autores........................................................................... 181 6 Introducción Liljana Arsovska Los artículos que figuran en esta publicación son producto del Primer Seminario Internacional “China, América Latina y el Caribe: condicio- nes y retos para el siglo XXI”, un gran esfuerzo por parte de la Red Académica de América Latina y el Caribe sobre China (Red ALC-China) y otras instituciones mexicanas por acercar a China, Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Estos textos —que forman parte del eje temático “His- toria, cultura y aprendizaje del chino”, aunados a los otros tres ejes temáticos: economía, comercio e inversiones; relaciones políticas e internacionales; recursos naturales y medio ambiente— pretenden ofrecer una visión amplia sobre las relaciones de cooperación e inter- cambio entre China, América Latina y el Caribe. En los últimos treinta años, China ha sorprendido a propios y a extraños con el crecimiento económico logrado a partir de la aplica- ción de reformas económicas y apertura hacia el exterior, políticas diseñadas y emprendidas por Deng Xiaoping. Actualmente, en Occidente abunda la información sobre las im- presionantes tasas de crecimiento económico de China, sobre las políticas emprendidas para afianzar dicho crecimiento, sobre la inversión extranjera directa en China y otros datos y números que abruman e incluso provocan algo de rabia y envidia en un Occidente sumido, durante ya varias décadas, en algún grado de crisis financie- ra, económica, política, social, ética. Pero ¿qué hay detrás de los números espectaculares?, ¿qué hay detrás de los rascacielos, las supercarreteras y los trenes rápidos que poblaron a China en solo tres décadas?, ¿cómo es el chino que 7 América Latina y El Caribe-China / Historia, Cultura y Aprendizaje del Chino produce las tasas de crecimiento de diez puntos porcentuales, soste- nidas durante años? América Latina y el Caribe, a pesar de las embajadas chinas en sus respectivos países, a pesar de sus comunidades chinas, más o menos extensas, a pesar de sus centros e instituciones académicas dedica- dos al estudio de aquel país, aún están lejos de conocer a China, no obstante que ya es uno de los principales socios comerciales de varios países de la región. Conscientes de la incomprensión mutua, sobre la cual se ci- mientan nuestras relaciones actuales, los países latinoamericanos y caribeños están emprendiendo acciones para acercarse a China en todos los ámbitos. Los institutos Confucio, que en los últimos años proliferaron en nuestra región, ofrecen a los jóvenes latinoamerica- nos la oportunidad de aprender chino, las becas del gobierno chino impulsan a cada vez más estudiantes latinos a estudiar en China, instituciones académicas latinoamericanas abren programas de ense- ñanza e investigación sobre diversos aspectos de China. El Seminario Internacional “China, América Latina y el Caribe” organizado por el Cen- tro de Estudios China-México (Cechimex) y la Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe (UDUAL) en mayo de 2012, es muestra inequívoca del interés de la región por acercarse a China. Los trabajos que componen este volumen, aunque relativamente pocos, cubren una gran gama de campos relacionados con la historia, la lengua china y la cultura. En la primera sección sobre historia, Balboa Reyna subraya la importancia de Sócrates y Confucio en la conformación de dos identidades, éticas y culturales, la occidental y la china. José Anto- nio Cervera Jiménez, desde una perspectiva histórica, describe los esfuerzos de diversos grupos de misioneros europeos que durante varios siglos se acercaron a China con la pretensión de difundir el cristianismo; aunque no tuvieron gran éxito en esa misión, lograron llevar la ciencia europea a Asia en general y a China en particular. Los misioneros fueron a su vez los primeros generadores de información sobre China en Occidente.
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