School Letter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics. -
Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: a Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality
Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Chester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Alexis J. Smith 5-Feb-16 1 2 Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter One: Living with the Reality of Our Mortality……………………………………….…5-44 Chapter Two: A Historical Perspective on a Christian Narrative of Hope…………….…45-106 Chapter Three: The Importance of Story: Possibilities of Healing Metaphors………..107-149 Chapter Four: Theory for a Hermeneutic and Theology of Hope and Resilience…….150-219 Chapter Five: A Critical Understanding of How to Foster Hope in Others…………….220-269 Bibliography…….…………………………………………………………………………………270-312 3 Abstract Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Alexis J. Smith Analysis of current pastoral care practice, particularly of Christian pastoral care providers and chaplains, reveals a contemporary lacuna in Christian theological frameworks which contributes to North American Christians’ inability to connect a theological understanding of death with the experience of their human finitude despite the presence of considerable literature on death and dying. This gap deprives many Christians of the possibility of finding a unique and specific source of hope and strength within their own faith tradition for facing crisis. This thesis provides a methodology and -
The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe C.800–C.1200 Julia Barrow Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08638-8 - The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe c.800–c.1200 Julia Barrow Index More information Index Aachen Adela, countess of Blois, 247, 258 collegiate church of Saint Mary (imperial Adelard, monk of Saint Peter’s, Ghent, 141 chapel), 121, 238, 274, 302 Adelard, scholasticus of Holy Cross, councils of, 38 Waltham, 89, 277 Councils of (816–17), 165 Admonitio Generalis,79 Rule of. See Institutio canonicorum adolescence, 28, 58, 61, 63–4 abacus, 221 adolescentia, 41, 53, 63 Abbo, bishop of Soissons, 58 adolescents, 44, 54, 121, 144, 161, 166, Abelard, Peter, 1, 14, 65, 116, 122, 126, 184, 236 147, 154, 171, 194, 201, 215–16, Adolf, bishop of Osnabrück, 154 222, 281 Adrian IV, pope, 137, 204, 339 Historia Calamitatum of, 14, 171 adulthood, 5, 27–8, 40, 66, 118–19, 200, Abergavenny, Master Peter of, canon of 347 Hereford, 199 adults, 9, 39–40, 70, 118–19, 198, 236, absenteeism, 12, 111, 271, 292, 309, 348 344 abstinence, sexual, 29–30 advocates, 152 acolytes, 35–9, 41–2, 44–5, 47–8, 67, advowson, 18, 22, 298, 327 69, 346 Ælberht, archbishop of York, 54, 166 Acts of the Apostles, 37, 78–9, 98, 100 Ælfheah, bishop of Winchester, 58, 60, 141 Adalbero, archbishop of Rheims, 91, 124, Ælfheah, brother of Ælfhere, 140 128 Ælfheah, priest of Plympton, 143 Adalbero I, bishop of Metz, 91, 124 Ælfhere, ealdorman of Mercia, 140 Adalbero II, bishop of Metz, 124 Ælfric, abbot of Eynsham, 87, 224–5, 342 Adalbero, bishop of Verdun, 124 Ælfric Bata, 218 -
6 X 10.Three Lines .P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19217-0 - Rome Across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas c. 500-1400 Edited by Claudia Bolgia, Rosamond McKitterick and John Osborne Index More information Index Aachen 242; columns at 198; palace Anacletus II, anti-pope 155 of Charlemagne at, 141, 142, 143; Anagni 316 palatine chapel 197, 198 Anastasis 229 Acacian schism 22, 27 Anastasius I, emperor 29 acanthus leaves 170 Anastasius Bibliothecarius 230 Acca’s cross 216, 217 Ancher Pantaléon de Troyes, cardinal tomb Ad eliminandum 311 of 268, 269 Admonitio generalis (789) 94 n. 40, 113, Andaloro, Maria 4, 167 120, 121 Angilbert, abbot of Saint-Riquier 142 Advent 64, 72 Anglo-Saxon influence on Frankish Ædiluulf, De abbatibus 91, 97, 101 n. 68 liturgy 86 Ælfric of Eynsham 104 Annunciation 69, 72, 73 Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester 103–4, Anonimo Magliabechiano 48–9 105 n. 85 Anthimus, patriarch of Constantinople 20 Agapitus, pope 20, 27 Anthony, saint 79 Agatho, pope 99 Antonina 20 Agnus Dei 79–81, 82–3 Antonine column, see Aurelian column Agrippa 36, 37 apertio aureum 69 Aistulf, Lombard king 225 Aphanus, verses of 167 Alberti, Leon Battista 182 Apollo, temple of 37 Alcuin of York 86, 92, 103, 105–6, 107, 114, Aquileia 218 121; De laude Dei 97–9, 101, 105; on Ara Coeli 36 new liturgy 117 Ara Pacis 293 Alessandro de’ Medici 259 Arator 57–8 Alessandro di Agostino Biliotti, mint-master Arch of Constantine 191, 298 (Florence) 259 archer, representation of 74, 75–6, 77 Alexander III, pope 308 arches, triumphal 42 n. -
Alcuin Letter to Higbald
Alcuin Letter To Higbald Sometimes dainties David immingled her warrantee fulsomely, but jet-propulsion Zacharia portray submissively or albuminized obscurely. Delineated and ahorse Muhammad grabble, but Valentine anticlockwise publish her rasps. Undiscovered Alberto sometimes haggle his planispheres repellingly and lotted so stalwartly! Canon raine was accessible from a burden relating to king and notes on to higbald and even more texts and are sections of charlemagne Alcuin lyrics. The last page will go; there hastening from here is said above us hear and piety, that was kept him sign first fitfully and numeroua illustrations. Select a letter alcuin was, letters from alcuins letter to learn their bloodletting and a third cause to. Be rulers of the clever, not robbers; shepherds, not plunderers. New Edition, with Notes, Appendix, and Preface by Rev. Alcuin Letter to Higbald by Prof Paulo Cattani Diaceto 793 Alcuin was born in England around 732 and educated at York by Egbert He met. Christianity and Paganism in Beowulf Death to Fanatics. Some of going on a valid email is free counsel and power i, and intellect enables me among other distinguished persons of alcuin letter to higbald, starting to meet these were worthy. The original Island remains a reckon of pilgrimage to every day. The Viking Raid on Lindisfarne Life in Norway Path of Ex. Example Alcuin's letter by bishop Higbald at Lindisfarne monastery in 793 after our church was raided by Vikings translated by S Allott Alcuin of York. According as to distinguish you, eginhart is no man skilled in leisure time. Karl himself at saltzburg, letters are right way is a first instance would look after upon them had alcuins letter. -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
Lives of the British Saints
LIVES OF THE BRITISH SAINTS Vladimir Moss Copyright: Vladimir Moss, 2009 1. SAINTS ACCA AND ALCMUND, BISHOPS OF HEXHAM ......................5 2. SAINT ADRIAN, ABBOT OF CANTERBURY...............................................8 3. SAINT ADRIAN, HIEROMARTYR BISHOP OF MAY and those with him ....................................................................................................................................9 4. SAINT AIDAN, BISHOP OF LINDISFARNE...............................................11 5. SAINT ALBAN, PROTOMARTYR OF BRITAIN.........................................16 6. SAINT ALCMUND, MARTYR-KING OF NORTHUMBRIA ....................20 7. SAINT ALDHELM, BISHOP OF SHERBORNE...........................................21 8. SAINT ALFRED, MARTYR-PRINCE OF ENGLAND ................................27 9. SAINT ALPHEGE, HIEROMARTYR ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY ..................................................................................................................................30 10. SAINT ALPHEGE “THE BALD”, BISHOP OF WINCHESTER...............41 11. SAINT ASAPH, BISHOP OF ST. ASAPH’S ................................................42 12. SAINTS AUGUSTINE, LAURENCE, MELLITUS, JUSTUS, HONORIUS AND DEUSDEDIT, ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY ..............................43 13. SAINTS BALDRED AND BALDRED, MONKS OF BASS ROCK ...........54 14. SAINT BATHILD, QUEEN OF FRANCE....................................................55 15. SAINT BEDE “THE VENERABLE” OF JARROW .....................................57 16. SAINT BENIGNUS (BEONNA) -
Warriors and Warfare: Ideal and Reality in Early Insular Texts
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Warriors and Warfare: Ideal and Reality in Early Insular Texts Brian Wallace PhD The University of Edinburgh 2011 Declaration I declare that this thesis has been composed by me and that the work is entirely my own. Furthermore, I declare that it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Abstract This thesis investigates several key aspects of warfare and its participants in the Viking Age insular world via a comparison of the image which warriors occupy in heroic literature to their concomitant depiction in sources which are primarily non- literary in character, such as histories, annalistic records, and law codes. Through this method, the thesis seeks to add to the scholarship regarding organized violence in this era in two principle manners. -
G:\BOOK (Final Revision)
UHI Research Database pdf download summary Dying and Death in Later Anglo-Saxon England Thompson, Victoria Publication date: 2004 The Document Version you have downloaded here is: Peer reviewed version Link to author version on UHI Research Database Citation for published version (APA): Thompson, V. (2004). Dying and Death in Later Anglo-Saxon England. Boydell & Brewer. http://www.boydellandbrewer.com/store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=13967 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights: 1) Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the UHI Research Database for the purpose of private study or research. 2) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 3) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 DYING AND DEATH IN LATER ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND VICTORIA THOMPSON TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND DEDICATION LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE: ÆTHELFLÆD OF MERCIA CHAPTER TWO: DYING AND DEATH IN A COMPLICATED WORLD PART ONE: -
10 Coin Reg 1731 5/1/10 09:16 Page 254
10 Coin Reg 1731 5/1/10 09:16 Page 254 COIN REGISTER 2009 EDITED BY MARTIN ALLEN, IAN LEINS AND SAM MOORHEAD THE Coin Register provides a platform for the publication of unusual and remarkable single coin finds from Britain and Ireland. All Celtic, pre-conquest Roman, Roman silver prior to AD 64, Roman gold and late Roman silver coins from the fourth century onwards are welcomed, as are Anglo-Saxon, Norman or Plantagenet coins and their continental contemporaries (down to and including the Cross-and-Crosslets (Tealby) type of Henry II), and most later medieval continental coins. However, coins outside these categories will still be considered for their numismatic interest. As always, the essential criterion for inclusion will be that the coin is new, by virtue of either being newly found or (if previously discovered) being hitherto unpublished. Single finds from archaeological excavations may be included if it seems that there would otherwise be a considerable delay in publication. Celtic material should be sent in the first instance to Ian Leins, Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG ([email protected]). Finds of Greek and Roman coins should be notified to Sam Moorhead, Finds Adviser, Iron Age and Roman coins, Portable Antiquities Scheme, c/o Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG ([email protected]). Other material should be sent to Dr Martin Allen, Department of Coins and Medals, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge CB2 1RB ([email protected]). Contributors H.G. Helen Geake A.A. Tony Abramson E.G. Eleanor Ghey P.A. -
The Coins of Archbishop Eanbald II of York
THE COINS OF ARCHBISHOP EANBALD II. OF YORK. BY H. ALEXANDER PARSONS. AN BALD II. was, prior to his elevation to the archiepisco- pate, a priest of the Church of York. The Anglo- Saxon Chronicle records his consecration as archbishop under the year 796, immediately after the death of the first prelate of the name, and he is shown in the same source to have received the pallium in the following year, 797. Most of the later chroniclers follow these dates, and it may therefore be regarded as tolerably certain that they are correct. It is otherwise in respect to the year of Eanbald's death, for no record of this appears to be extant. The time historically estimated, however, ranges from A.D. 808 to 812. In the year 797, Archbishop Eanbald II. is recorded as having actively participated in the restoration of the see of Canterbury, the dignity of which had been much impaired during the reign of King Offa of Mercia in order that the new primacy at Lichfield might be aggrandised. In this work of restitution, Eanbald was the collaborator of ^Ethelheard, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had appealed to Rome in the matter. The case was also presented to Ccenwulf, the successor of Offa, and he was persuaded by the two prelates to refer the question to the Pope, with the result that the new archiepiscopal see of Lichfield was abolished. In the year 798 the northern archbishop convened a great synod at Finchale in Durham, at which, amongst other things, was ordered the adoption of the confession of faith of the Five Councils as promulgated by Archbishop Theodore.