Alcuin Letter to Higbald
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Walls but on the Rampart Underneath and the Ditch Surrounding Them
A walk through 1,900 years of history The Bar Walls of York are the finest and most complete of any town in England. There are five main “bars” (big gateways), one postern (a small gateway) one Victorian gateway, and 45 towers. At two miles (3.4 kilometres), they are also the longest town walls in the country. Allow two hours to walk around the entire circuit. In medieval times the defence of the city relied not just on the walls but on the rampart underneath and the ditch surrounding them. The ditch, which has been filled in almost everywhere, was once 60 feet (18.3m) wide and 10 feet (3m) deep! The Walls are generally 13 feet (4m) high and 6 feet (1.8m) wide. The rampart on which they stand is up to 30 feet high (9m) and 100 feet (30m) wide and conceals the earlier defences built by Romans, Vikings and Normans. The Roman defences The Normans In AD71 the Roman 9th Legion arrived at the strategic spot where It took William The Conqueror two years to move north after his the rivers Ouse and Foss met. They quickly set about building a victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. In 1068 anti-Norman sound set of defences, as the local tribe –the Brigantes – were not sentiment in the north was gathering steam around York. very friendly. However, when William marched north to quell the potential for rebellion his advance caused such alarm that he entered the city The first defences were simple: a ditch, an embankment made of unopposed. -
Understanding Clifford's Tower
1 Understanding Clifford's Tower An English Heritage & Historyworks Learning Event Supported by York City Council for Holocaust Memorial Day 2015 Report published by Historyworks giving summary of talks on Sunday 25th January The learning events that marked Holocaust Memorial Day and brought together the communities in York to "Understand Clifford's Tower" and "Understand the 1190 Massacre" were organized with support from English Heritage by Helen Weinstein, Director of Historyworks and involved over 150 participants for tours and talks on both afternoons on Sunday 25th and Tuesday 27th January 2015. To find the history summaries and illustrative materials for the York Castle Project which Helen Weinstein and the team at Historyworks have provided to share knowledge to support those wanting more information about the York Castle Area, please find many pages of chronological summaries about the site and descriptions of the interpretations offered by the stakeholders here: http://historyworks.tv/projects/ Professor Helen Weinstein, Organizer of Learning Events about the York Castle Area to mark HMD The afternoon of presentations was opened by Helen Weinstein, public historian and Director of Historyworks. Helen began by welcoming the large number of people that had returned from a walking tour of the castle area with an introduction to what the proceeding talks would offer. The event had been created as a result of a growing interest from the citizens of York and the wider Jewish communities outside of the city in Clifford’s Tower and its cultural and historical significance.Helen then spoke about some of the misconceptions about Jewish life in York, in 1 2 particular the belief that a Cherem had been placed on York following the 1190 massacre, forbidding people of Jewish faith to live within the city, particularly not to overnight or eat within the precincts of the City Walls. -
First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
Reading History in Early Modern England
READING HISTORY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND D. R. WOOLF published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Sabon 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Woolf, D. R. (Daniel R.) Reading History in early modern England / by D. R. Woolf. p. cm. (Cambridge studies in early modern British history) ISBN 0 521 78046 2 (hardback) 1. Great Britain – Historiography. 2. Great Britain – History – Tudors, 1485–1603 – Historiography. 3. Great Britain – History – Stuarts, 1603–1714 – Historiography. 4. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 5. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 6. Books and reading – England – History – 16th century. 7. Books and reading – England – History – 17th century. 8. History publishing – Great Britain – History. I. Title. II. Series. DA1.W665 2000 941'.007'2 – dc21 00-023593 ISBN 0 521 78046 2 hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page vii Preface xi List of abbreviations and note on the text xv Introduction 1 1 The death of the chronicle 11 2 The contexts and purposes of history reading 79 3 The ownership of historical works 132 4 Borrowing and lending 168 5 Clio unbound and bound 203 6 Marketing history 255 7 Conclusion 318 Appendix A A bookseller’s inventory in history books, ca. -
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics. -
This Northern England City Called York Or Jorvik, During the Viking Age, Is Quite Medieval in Terms of Cultural History
History of York, England This northern England city called York or Jorvik, during the Viking age, is quite medieval in terms of cultural history. York is a tourist‐oriented city with its Roman and Viking heritage, 13th century walls, Gothic cathedrals, railroad station, museum‐gardens an unusual dinner served in a pub, and shopping areas in the Fossgate, Coppergate and Piccadilly area of the city. Brief History of York According to <historyofyork.org> (an extensive historical source), York's history began with the Romans founding the city in 71AD with the Ninth Legion comprising 5,000 men who marched into the area and set up camp. York, then was called, "Eboracum." After the Romans abandoned Britain in 400AD, York became known as "Sub Roman" between the period of 400 to 600AD. Described as an "elusive epoch," this was due to little known facts about that period. It was also a time when Germanic peoples, Anglo‐Saxons, were settling the area. Some archaeologists believe it had to do with devasting floods or unsettled habitation, due to a loss of being a trading center then. The rivers Ouse and Foss flow through York. <historyofyork.org> Christianity was re‐established during the Anglo‐Saxon period and the settlement of York was called "Eofonwic." It is believed that it was a commercial center tied to Lundenwic (London) and Gipeswic (Ipswich). Manufacturing associated with iron, lead, copper, wool, leather and bone were found. Roman roads made travel to and from York easier. <historyofyork.org> In 866AD, the Vikings attacked. Not all parts of England were captured, but York was. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
HA Conference Brochure 2013
Conference Programme and Booking Form Annual Conference York 10-11 May 2013 I was utterly impressed with the quality This was my first time at the HA What of the speakers and the amount of conference and it was all very good and ideas and resources I came away with. interesting. Thank you, and good to meet they I will definitely recommend it to other so many of you too. people. said last A very enjoyable event, plenty to use and Had a fab time and learnt a lot: think about for the coming months, can’t year: thank you! see how it could be improved! I’ve never been before but was so Excellent overall, as last year. A great impressed I would definitely like to chance to network, get new ideas and go come again. away feeling inspired. history.org.uk Programme at a glance Friday General Primary Secondary Commercial Heritage Visits Enrichment 09.30 - 10.15 Registration and Exhibition 10.15 - 11.15 Presidential Lecture: Jackie Eales – How glorious was Gloriana? Elizabeth I and her historians 11.15 - 11.45 Coffee 11.45 - Alan Forrest Sue Temple Andrew Wrenn Michael Riley Neil Bates & David Barnes Session York Minster Marjan de Groot- 12.45 Napoleon and Teaching history Muslim rescuers History in particular Richard McFahn How the EBACC has to be Learning Reuvekamp the creation of an in the SEN or of the Holocaust: (Repeated on Sat) History teacher’s affected teaching announced York Minster EUROCLIO, the imperial legend mainstream teaching emotive and lonely hearts club and learning at an Revealed – European Association classroom – controversial -
Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: a Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality
Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Chester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Alexis J. Smith 5-Feb-16 1 2 Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter One: Living with the Reality of Our Mortality……………………………………….…5-44 Chapter Two: A Historical Perspective on a Christian Narrative of Hope…………….…45-106 Chapter Three: The Importance of Story: Possibilities of Healing Metaphors………..107-149 Chapter Four: Theory for a Hermeneutic and Theology of Hope and Resilience…….150-219 Chapter Five: A Critical Understanding of How to Foster Hope in Others…………….220-269 Bibliography…….…………………………………………………………………………………270-312 3 Abstract Towards a Narrative of Hope and Resilience: A Contemporary Paradigm for Christian Pastoral Ministry in the Face of Mortality Alexis J. Smith Analysis of current pastoral care practice, particularly of Christian pastoral care providers and chaplains, reveals a contemporary lacuna in Christian theological frameworks which contributes to North American Christians’ inability to connect a theological understanding of death with the experience of their human finitude despite the presence of considerable literature on death and dying. This gap deprives many Christians of the possibility of finding a unique and specific source of hope and strength within their own faith tradition for facing crisis. This thesis provides a methodology and -
Creating the Slum: Representations of Poverty in the Hungate and Walmgate Districts of York, 1875-1914
Laura Harrison Ex Historia 61 Laura Harrison1 University of Leeds Creating the slum: representations of poverty in the Hungate and Walmgate districts of York, 1875-1914 In his first social survey of York, B. Seebohm Rowntree described the Walmgate and Hungate areas as ‘the largest poor district in the city’ comprising ‘some typical slum areas’.2 The York Medical Officer of Health condemned the small and fetid yards and alleyways that branched off the main Walmgate thoroughfare in his 1914 report, noting that ‘there are no amenities; it is an absolute slum’.3 Newspapers regularly denounced the behaviour of the area’s residents; reporting on notorious individuals and particular neighbourhoods, and in an 1892 report to the Watch Committee the Chief Constable put the case for more police officers on the account of Walmgate becoming increasingly ‘difficult to manage’.4 James Cave recalled when he was a child the police would only enter Hungate ‘in twos and threes’.5 The Hungate and Walmgate districts were the focus of social surveys and reports, they featured in complaints by sanitary inspectors and the police, and residents were prominent in court and newspaper reports. The area was repeatedly characterised as a slum, and its inhabitants as existing on the edge of acceptable living conditions and behaviour. Condemned as sanitary abominations, observers made explicit connections between the physical condition of these spaces and the moral behaviour of their 1 Laura ([email protected]) is a doctoral candidate at the University of Leeds, and recently submitted her thesis ‘Negotiating the meanings of space: leisure, courtship and the young working class of York, c.1880-1920’. -
The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe C.800–C.1200 Julia Barrow Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08638-8 - The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe c.800–c.1200 Julia Barrow Index More information Index Aachen Adela, countess of Blois, 247, 258 collegiate church of Saint Mary (imperial Adelard, monk of Saint Peter’s, Ghent, 141 chapel), 121, 238, 274, 302 Adelard, scholasticus of Holy Cross, councils of, 38 Waltham, 89, 277 Councils of (816–17), 165 Admonitio Generalis,79 Rule of. See Institutio canonicorum adolescence, 28, 58, 61, 63–4 abacus, 221 adolescentia, 41, 53, 63 Abbo, bishop of Soissons, 58 adolescents, 44, 54, 121, 144, 161, 166, Abelard, Peter, 1, 14, 65, 116, 122, 126, 184, 236 147, 154, 171, 194, 201, 215–16, Adolf, bishop of Osnabrück, 154 222, 281 Adrian IV, pope, 137, 204, 339 Historia Calamitatum of, 14, 171 adulthood, 5, 27–8, 40, 66, 118–19, 200, Abergavenny, Master Peter of, canon of 347 Hereford, 199 adults, 9, 39–40, 70, 118–19, 198, 236, absenteeism, 12, 111, 271, 292, 309, 348 344 abstinence, sexual, 29–30 advocates, 152 acolytes, 35–9, 41–2, 44–5, 47–8, 67, advowson, 18, 22, 298, 327 69, 346 Ælberht, archbishop of York, 54, 166 Acts of the Apostles, 37, 78–9, 98, 100 Ælfheah, bishop of Winchester, 58, 60, 141 Adalbero, archbishop of Rheims, 91, 124, Ælfheah, brother of Ælfhere, 140 128 Ælfheah, priest of Plympton, 143 Adalbero I, bishop of Metz, 91, 124 Ælfhere, ealdorman of Mercia, 140 Adalbero II, bishop of Metz, 124 Ælfric, abbot of Eynsham, 87, 224–5, 342 Adalbero, bishop of Verdun, 124 Ælfric Bata, 218 -
6 X 10.Three Lines .P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19217-0 - Rome Across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas c. 500-1400 Edited by Claudia Bolgia, Rosamond McKitterick and John Osborne Index More information Index Aachen 242; columns at 198; palace Anacletus II, anti-pope 155 of Charlemagne at, 141, 142, 143; Anagni 316 palatine chapel 197, 198 Anastasis 229 Acacian schism 22, 27 Anastasius I, emperor 29 acanthus leaves 170 Anastasius Bibliothecarius 230 Acca’s cross 216, 217 Ancher Pantaléon de Troyes, cardinal tomb Ad eliminandum 311 of 268, 269 Admonitio generalis (789) 94 n. 40, 113, Andaloro, Maria 4, 167 120, 121 Angilbert, abbot of Saint-Riquier 142 Advent 64, 72 Anglo-Saxon influence on Frankish Ædiluulf, De abbatibus 91, 97, 101 n. 68 liturgy 86 Ælfric of Eynsham 104 Annunciation 69, 72, 73 Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester 103–4, Anonimo Magliabechiano 48–9 105 n. 85 Anthimus, patriarch of Constantinople 20 Agapitus, pope 20, 27 Anthony, saint 79 Agatho, pope 99 Antonina 20 Agnus Dei 79–81, 82–3 Antonine column, see Aurelian column Agrippa 36, 37 apertio aureum 69 Aistulf, Lombard king 225 Aphanus, verses of 167 Alberti, Leon Battista 182 Apollo, temple of 37 Alcuin of York 86, 92, 103, 105–6, 107, 114, Aquileia 218 121; De laude Dei 97–9, 101, 105; on Ara Coeli 36 new liturgy 117 Ara Pacis 293 Alessandro de’ Medici 259 Arator 57–8 Alessandro di Agostino Biliotti, mint-master Arch of Constantine 191, 298 (Florence) 259 archer, representation of 74, 75–6, 77 Alexander III, pope 308 arches, triumphal 42 n.