Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis the national bureau of asian research nbr project report | may 2010 russia’s peacetime demographic crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications By Nicholas Eberstadt ++ The NBR Project Report provides access to current research on special topics conducted by the world’s leading experts in Asian affairs. The views expressed in these reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other NBR research associates or institutions that support NBR. The National Bureau of Asian Research is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research institution dedicated to informing and strengthening policy. NBR conducts advanced independent research on strategic, political, economic, globalization, health, and energy issues affecting U.S. relations with Asia. Drawing upon an extensive network of the world’s leading specialists and leveraging the latest technology, NBR bridges the academic, business, and policy arenas. The institution disseminates its research through briefings, publications, conferences, Congressional testimony, and email forums, and by collaborating with leading institutions worldwide. NBR also provides exceptional internship opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students for the purpose of attracting and training the next generation of Asia specialists. NBR was started in 1989 with a major grant from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Funding for NBR’s research and publications comes from foundations, corporations, individuals, the U.S. government, and from NBR itself. NBR does not conduct proprietary or classified research. The organization undertakes contract work for government and private-sector organizations only when NBR can maintain the right to publish findings from such work. To download issues of the NBR publications, please visit the NBR website http://www.nbr.org. This report may be reproduced for personal use. Otherwise, this report may not be reproduced in full without the written permission of NBR. When information from NBR publications is cited or quoted, please cite the author and The National Bureau of Asian Research. NBR is a tax-exempt, nonprofit corporation under I.R.C. Sec. 501(c)(3), qualified to receive tax-exempt contributions. © 2010 by The National Bureau of Asian Research. Printed in the United States of America. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT NBR, CONTACT: The National Bureau of Asian Research 1414 NE 42nd Street, Suite 300 Seattle, Washington 98105 206-632-7370 Phone 206-632-7487 Fax [email protected] E-mail http://www.nbr.org Russia’s Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications i FOREWORD his report represents the culmination of a three-year research project, commissioned by The National Bureau of Asian Research and led by Nicholas Eberstadt (American Enterprise Institute), to investigate Russia’s emerging political economy through the unique prism of that country’s demographic profile, and assess the implications thereof for Russia’s future.T As posited by Dr. Eberstadt in his initial research proposal, Russia’s dependence on resource extraction for economic wealth at the expense of investment in human resources and capital not only bears inherent risks for Russia’s ability to sustain domestic economic prosperity and stability in the long run, but also has significant implications for Russia’s future political outlook and foreign policy framework. The challenge of the project undertaken by Eberstadt was to synthesize the disparate issues of Russia’s demographic prospects, educational situation, economic outlook, institutional and legal development, domestic political tendencies, foreign policymaking, and security policy into a coherent overall explication of modern Russia’s political economy. Toward this effort and to help inform Eberstadt’s research, the project’s first phase (2007–08) brought together an international team of experts in April 2008 to discuss “Russia’s Political Economy: Trends and Implications” at a workshop co-sponsored by NBR and the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C. Through a series of panels addressing Russia’s demographic challenges; policy priorities in the country’s health and education sectors, natural resource development, and public finance infrastructure; and the impact of Russia’s resource-based economy on its domestic politics and foreign policy outlook, workshop panelists discussed and assessed the complex interplay among social, economic, and political pressures shaping Russia’s emerging political economy. It is significant that the workshop took place prior to the global financial crisis, and the subsequent fluctuation in resource prices, of late 2008. Confidence in Russia’s ability to sustain its decade-long economic successes, attributed largely to its vast natural resource wealth and fortunate happenstance of high global price and demand for oil and natural gas, took on a new meaning in the face of the inevitable impact on gas demand and price of a weakened global economy. In that light, the portent of the workshop’s conclusions that the “long term growth potential, and indeed the health of its socio-economic fabric, will be threatened when Russia either runs out of resources or when global demand and oil prices decrease” loomed closer on the horizon than perhaps anyone had anticipated. The impact of the crisis also spotlighted the workshop’s findings regarding the vulnerabilities of Russia’s political economy, described as a “political complacency and lack of economic diversification” that is “compounded by the country’s looming demographic problems in the face of a declining population and the concomitant challenges of a healthy and viable critical mass working force to contribute to long-term sustainable growth.” ii The implications of Russia’s demographic crisis are explicated in grave detail in this final phase (2008–09) project report on “Russia’s Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications.” Eberstadt paints a compellingly grim picture of Russia’s future demographic profile, which has serious implications for the country’s domestic policy priorities as well as its ambitions to regain a preeminent position on the world geopolitical stage. Indeed, Eberstadt’s report leads one to question the very viability of Russia as a resurgent power of the 21st century. The “haunting specter of depopulation,” as described by Eberstadt and exacerbated by the policy framework of Russia’s political economy today, portends a crisis of alarming proportions for Russia’s future human and social capital, with critical implications for the country’s internal stability as well as for its future security outlook. Given the importance of Russia today on the global geopolitical stage, Eberstadt’s report is a highly recommended read for anyone interested in Russian affairs. NBR would like to thank the Smith Richardson Foundation for its generous support of this project. We are also grateful for the support of Pfizer Inc. toward research for this study. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the NBR project team, fellows, and editors, whose efforts contributed to the success of this initiative. A. Mahin Karim Senior Project Director The National Bureau of Asian Research iii iv the national bureau of asian research nbr project report | may 2010 Russia’s Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications Nicholas Eberstadt NICHOLAS EBERSTADT holds the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy with the American Enterprise Institute. He is also a senior adviser to the National Bureau of Asian Research. He can be reached at <[email protected]>. v vi DEDICATION To Murray Feshbach Trailblazer who illuminated Russia’s demographic terrain in the dark years; Unceasingly generous mentor to two generations of protégés and students; On the occasion of his Eightieth birthday vii acKNOWLEDGEMEnts If part of the pleasure of any tale is in the recounting, so it is too with the acknowledgement of the considerable debts I have accumulated over the course of this study. The first of these debts is to the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI), where I have had the pleasure of serving as a research scholar for the past quarter century, and the honor of holding the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy for the past decade. Mr. Christopher C. DeMuth, the president of AEI for over twenty of those years, saw to it that the Institute would offer students of public policy an extraordinarily exciting and congenial haven for their work—a platform today unparalleled in America or elsewhere. Under Dr. Arthur C. Brooks, AEI’s current president, I am confident that the Institute’s greatest days still lie ahead. At AEI, my work on this study has been both eased and greatly improved by the superb research assistance of a roster of brilliant and accomplished young research assistants. A special salute is due to the all-stars of “Team Eberstadt.” Ms. Megan Davy distinguished herself in her work on the early phases of this project. Extraordinary thanks, furthermore, are due Mr. Apoorva Shah. This investigation would not have managed to achieve its ultimate scope or depth without his heroic contributions, as he and I both know. Additional thanks go to AEI’s Ms. Kara Flook for her generous and cheerful help with my unexpected inquiries on Russian language sources; to Ms. Emily Putze, who compiled the study’s reference list and offered critical editorial suggestions that have made the study an easier read; and to Mr. Stephen Gunther, whose background research has informed this study, and whose caliber of work set high and exemplary
Recommended publications
  • The Least Developed Country (LDC) Category at 40 Djalita Fialho
    Aiming high, falling short: the Least Developed Country (LDC) category at 40 Djalita Fialho ISS - Institute of Social Studies Abstract Why have 94% of LDCs not escaped poverty during the last four decades? This paper analyses the motivation behind the UN decision to establish the LDC category in 1971. The reviewed literature highlights the conflicting interests of the actors involved. It provides a historical account of the creation of the category and an international political economy analysis of that process. Based on this literature, I argue that the initial LDC identification process - which set a precedent for future LDC categorizations - was manipulated in order to generate a reduced list of small and economically and politically insignificant countries. Contrary to the LDC official narrative, this list served the interests of both donors (by undermining the UN’s implicit effort to normalize international assistance) and other non-LDC developing countries (disturbed by the creation of a positive discrimination within the group, favoring the most disadvantaged among them). As a result of this manipulation, considerably less development-promoting efforts have been demanded from donors, which has, in turn, not significantly distressed the interests of other non-LDC developing countries. Keywords: LDCs, aid, trade, preferential treatment, graduation JEL Classification: N20, O19 1. Introduction In May 2011 the international community, under the auspices of the UN, gathered for the fourth time in 40 years to assess progresses made by the least developed country (LDC) group. The conference took place in Istanbul, under the grim shadow of a stagnant and non-evolving category, whose membership has not declined for most of its lifespan.
    [Show full text]
  • ID-TEMAN News Newsletter | Edition 4 | November – December 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized
    ID-TEMAN News Newsletter | Edition 4 | November – December 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized The Promise of Education in Indonesia: Virtual Report Launch The World Bank hosted a virtual launch of three reports on Indonesia’s education system on November 18-19, 2020. The reports launched are: • Revealing How Indonesia’s Subnational Governments Spend their Money on Education, a subnational education public expenditure review, Public Disclosure Authorized • Measuring the Quality of Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Education Services, which examines the quality of services that education spending pays for, Fachrul Razi, the Minister of Religious Affairs giving opening remarks • The Promise of Education in Indonesia, which brings together evidence from the sector and identifies ways Day One to strengthen the education system. Fachrul Razi, the Minister of Religious Affairs, in his The two-day event garnered over 700 participants and 600 opening remarks highlighted the importance of Islamic live-stream viewers, including government officials from the schools (madrasahs) in the development of Indonesia’s Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Religious education sector, and that to face the challenges ahead Affairs, Ministry of Finance, National Development Planning Indonesia must reorient its education programs, focus on Agency, Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and low-performing institutions and utilize the current COVID- Cultural Affairs, and Ministry of Home Affairs from across 19 pandemic as an opportunity to accelerate
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Forum 2016
    RIS MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Research & Information Systems Government of India for Developing Countries Academic Forum 2016 SEPTEMBER 19-22 l GOA, INDIA SEPTEMBER 19-22 l GOA, INDIA Designed by: Anil Ahuja ([email protected]) Layouts: Puja Ahuja ([email protected]) Typesetting: Syed Salahuddin Academic Forum 2016 Contents Agenda 03 Speakers 17 Useful Information 77 The BRICS Academic Forum is a Track 2 platform for Academics from the five countries to deliberate on issues of crucial impor- tance to BRICS and come up with ideas and recommendations. Such Academic Fora have been held before every BRICS Summit so far. It is a matter of pride for this platform that in the past many of its ideas have been reflected in the final Summit documents. The Forum usually invites 10-12 scholars from each member na- tion to speak on themes of importance. In addition, a large num- ber of scholars from all countries participate in the deliberations. ORGANISING PARTNERS MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Government of India 1 programme SEPTEMBER 19-22 l GOA, INDIA Agenda: Programme Schedule DAY - ZERO Monday, September 19, 2016 18:00 – 18:10 Welcome and Opening Remarks: Sunjoy Joshi Director, Observer Research Foundation, India 18:10 – 18:30 Keynote Address by Shri. Laxmikant Yashwant Parsekar, Honorable Chief Minister of Goa 18:30 – 18:40 Closing Remarks: Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries (RIS), India Master of Ceremony—Samir Saran, Vice President, Observer Research Foundation, India 18:45 – 20:15 Inaugural Session: Emerging Geo-Political Order: Challenges and Opportunities for BRICS (Aguada Ballroom) This session will discuss the future of the multilateral and multi-layered system as established since the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Considering the Creation of a Domestic Intelligence Agency in the United States
    HOMELAND SECURITY PROGRAM and the INTELLIGENCE POLICY CENTER THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Homeland Security Program RAND Intelligence Policy Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis
    the national bureau of asian research nbr project report | may 2010 russia’s peacetime demographic crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications By Nicholas Eberstadt ++ The NBR Project Report provides access to current research on special topics conducted by the world’s leading experts in Asian affairs. The views expressed in these reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other NBR research associates or institutions that support NBR. The National Bureau of Asian Research is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research institution dedicated to informing and strengthening policy. NBR conducts advanced independent research on strategic, political, economic, globalization, health, and energy issues affecting U.S. relations with Asia. Drawing upon an extensive network of the world’s leading specialists and leveraging the latest technology, NBR bridges the academic, business, and policy arenas. The institution disseminates its research through briefings, publications, conferences, Congressional testimony, and email forums, and by collaborating with leading institutions worldwide. NBR also provides exceptional internship opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students for the purpose of attracting and training the next generation of Asia specialists. NBR was started in 1989 with a major grant from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Funding for NBR’s research and publications comes from foundations, corporations, individuals, the U.S. government, and from NBR itself. NBR does not conduct proprietary or classified research. The organization undertakes contract work for government and private-sector organizations only when NBR can maintain the right to publish findings from such work. To download issues of the NBR publications, please visit the NBR website http://www.nbr.org.
    [Show full text]
  • The Space Challenge and Soviet Science Fiction
    Corso di Laurea magistrale ( ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004 ) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea The space challenge and Soviet science fiction Relatore Ch.mo Prof. Duccio Basosi Correlatore Ch.ma Prof. Donatella Possamai Laureanda Serena Zanin Matricola 835564 Anno Accademico 2011 / 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………...…………..7 CHAPTER I The science fiction in the Soviet bloc: the case of Stanislaw Lem’s “Solaris”…………………….…………………………………....…………...…16 CHAPTER II The space race era from the Soviet bloc side …………..….........37 CHAPTER III The enthusiasm for the cosmos and Soviet propaganda ……………….. …………………………...……...………………………………..73 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS ……………...………………………………...101 APPENDIX ........……………………………………………………..……..…106 REFERENCES …..……………………………………………………………113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………..118 ABSTRACT La studiosa Julia Richers sottolinea come le ricerche sulla storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica abbiano tre principali direzioni. La prima riguarda la storia politica della Guerra Fredda che considera la conquista dello spazio e lo sviluppo di potenti missili come parte di una più grande competizione tra gli USA e l’URSS. La seconda esamina in particolar modo lo sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico a partire dagli anni Ottanta, ossia da quando l’abolizione della censura ha permesso l’apertura al pubblico di molti archivi storici e la rivelazione di importanti informazioni. La terza include la propaganda sovietica e la fantascienza come parte fondamentale della storia culturale e sociale sia dell’URSS che della Russia post-rivoluzione. Il presente lavoro analizza la storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica e, partendo dalle sue origini (fine XIX° secolo), prende in considerazione i principali successi che portarono al lancio del primo satellite artificiale nel 1957 e il primo uomo sulla luna nel 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights and Disability
    Human Rights and Disability The current use and future potential of United Nations human rights instruments in the context of disability Gerard Quinn and Theresia Degener with Anna Bruce, Christine Burke, Dr. Joshua Castellino, Padraic Kenna, Dr. Ursula Kilkelly, Shivaun Quinlivan United Nations New York and Geneva, 2002 ii ________________________________________________________________________ Contents NOTE Symbols of United Nations document are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Nor does the term “national institution” in any way imply conformity with the “Principles relating to the status of national institutions” (General Assembly resolution 48/134 of 20 December 1993, annex). HR/PUB/02/1 Copyright © United Nations 2002 All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely quoted or reproduced or stored in a retrieval system for non-commercial purposes, provided that credit is given and a copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH- 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without the prior permission of the copyright owner if the purpose relates to profit-making ventures.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Journalism in Nepal
    Volume 2, Number 1 July 2018 | Asar - Shrawan 2075 KCC MEDIA JOURNAL ISSN No. 2392 - 490 X An academic, annual, peer-reviewed research journal of mass media, communication and journalism Volume 2 | Number 1 July 2018 (Asar – Shrawan 2075 BS) Editor Janardan Bista Publisher Department of Mass Communication and Journalism School of Humanities and Social Sciences KANTIPUR CITY COLLEGE (Affiliated to Purbanchal University) Putalisadak, Kathmandu, Nepal KCC MEDIA JOURNAL Vol. 2, No. 1 July 2018 (Asar – Shrawan 2075 BS) ISSN No. 2392 - 490 X Publisher Department of Mass Communication and Journalism Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Putalisadak, Kathmandu, Nepal www.kcc.edu.np/masters-of-mass-communication-journalism No part of this publication, except an occasional photograph or sentence for use in quotation, may be reproduced in any form — print or electronic, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The publisher retains the full right for the reproduction, reprint and/or other use of the materials published herein. The publisher and the editorial board do not guarantee the accuracy and the reliability of the data included within this publication, and bears no responsibility of any consequences of their use. The responsibility for all the facts presented, opinions expressed and interpretations made in all the articles are inherent in the respective authors themselves. In addition, the views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and/or policy of the publisher and/or the editorial board. © Publisher. All Rights Reserved. 2018. For Correspondence: KCC MEDIA JOURNAL Department of Mass Communication and Journalism KANTIPUR CITY COLLEGE (Affiliated to Purbanchal University) Putalisadak, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Contacts by Group
    List of contacts by group Environment Ministers (as of 15 January 2021) Note: This list has been updated to the best of the Secretariat’s knowledge. However please do check the links of the relevant Ministries for latest information. Albania H.E. Mr. Blendi KLOSI Durresi Street No. 27, Tirana Minister Albania Ministry of Tourism and the Environment of the Republic of Phone: +355 4 222 4537 Albania Email: [email protected] Website: http://turizmi.gov.al/ministri/ Andorra H.E. Ms. Sílvia Carrer Prat de la Creu, 62-64 CALVÓ ARMENGOL AD500. Andorra la Vella Andorra Minister Ministry of the Environment, Phone: Tel.: +376 875 700 Agriculture and Sustainability of the Email: [email protected] Principality of Andorra Website: http://www.govern.ad/el-govern Armenia H.E. Mr. Romanos PETROSYAN Government Building No. 3 Republic Square Minister 0010 Yerevan Ministry of Environment of the Armenia Republic of Armenia Phone: +37411818501; +374 10 52-10-99 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: http://www.mnp.am/en/pages/157 Austria Ms. Leonore GEWESSLER Radetzkystrasse 2, Postfach 3000 1030 Wien Federal Minister Austria Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Phone: +43 1 71162 658005 Innovation and Technology Fax: +43 1 71162 658025 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.bmk.gv.at/en/ministry/minister/cabinet.html 1 Friday, January 15, 2021 Environment Ministers Governmental Delegation Azerbaijan H.E. Mr. Mukhtar Bahadur B.Ağayev küç.100(A) BABAYEV 1073 Baku Azerbaijan Minister Ministry of Ecology and Natural Phone: +994 12 492 59 07 Resources Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; Website: http://eco.gov.az/en/4-ministry Belarus H.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Azerbaijan Film
    CISCCONTENTONTENT:CONTENRTRREPORTEPORTEPORT CC ReviewОбзорОбзор of новостейaudiovisualновостей рынка content производства production and ии дистрибуциидистрибуции distribution аудиовизуальногоаудиовизуальногоin the CIS countries контента контента Media«»«MediaМ«»ÌЕДИÅÄÈ ResourcesА ResourcesÀРЕСУРСЫÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ МManagement ÌManagementЕНЕДЖМЕНТÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒ » №№20, №121(9) №213 №2 October April января, 1 April, 30, 2014 201320122011 2012 тема FOCUSномераFOCUS DEARсловоDeAr COLLEAGUESColle редакциAguesи УжеWeWe areareв первые happyhappy to toдни presentpresent нового youyou года thethe AprilOctoberнам, issue редак issue of цthe иofи conferences,ПервыйLast autumn номер members international Content of Russian contentReport association выходитmarket and ofв televiкsevану- н- КИНОТЕАТРАЛЬНЫ Й ContentCIS:the CIS:Content Report, Content Report сразу Report whereстало where понятно,we triedwe tried toчто gather toв 2011gather theм eralСтарогоsion special and movie Нового events producers года,in order который chose to achieve Red (наконецто) Squaresynergy, Screen learn за - mostthe most interesting interesting up-to-date up-to-date information information about rapidlyabout aboutings as current the most trends important of the industry international event ofmedia the season. busi- РЫНTVО MARKETS:К В УКРАИН Е : все мы будем усердно и неустанно трудиться. За вершает череду праздников, поэтому еще раз KIEV MEDIA WEEK 2014: нимаясьdevelopingrapidly developing подготовкой content contentproduction первого production andвыпуска distribution and обзора distribu
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL PDF Offprint, AS5501 04 Wyatt India
    Wyatt, A. (2015). India in 2014: Decisive National Elections. Asian Survey, 55(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1525/AS.2015.55.1.33 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1525/AS.2015.55.1.33 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document Published as Wyatt, A. (2015). India in 2014: Decisive National Elections. Asian Survey, 55(1), 33-47. 10.1525/AS.2015.55.1.33. © [2015] by the Regents of the University of California. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ ANDREW WYATT India in 2014 Decisive National Elections ABSTRACT The much anticipated general election produced a majority for the Bharatiya Janata Party under the leadership of Narendra Modi. The new administration is setting out an agenda for governing. The economy showed some signs of improvement, business confidence is returning, but economic growth has yet to return to earlier high levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Review and Appraisal of Implementation of the Beijing
    Regional review and appraisal of implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly (2000) in Latin American and Caribbean countries Regional review and appraisal of implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly (2000) in Latin American and Caribbean countries Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Antonio Prado Deputy Executive Secretary Pamela Villalobos Officer-in-Charge, Division for Gender Affairs Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and Web Services Division This report was prepared by Sonia Montaño Virreira, Chief of the Division for Gender Affairs of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), based on the reviews presented by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) and the outcomes of the twenty- third special session of the General Assembly (2000) in the context of the twentieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and adoption of the 2015 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Special thanks are extended to Coral Calderón, María Ángeles Durán (who conducted a specific study on the review period), Pablo Tapia and Iliana Vaca-Trigo for their contributions. Jimena Arias, Cristina Benavente, Néstor Bercovich, Macarena Bolados, Cristina Carrasco, Marina Casas, Inés Reca, Lucía Scuro, Alejandra Valdés and Pamela Villalobos are also thanked for their contributions, as are Irma Arriagada and Virginia Guzmán for reading this report. LC/L.3951 ORIGINAL: SPANISH Copyright © United Nations, september 2015.
    [Show full text]