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Phylogenetic Relationships of Iberian Dung Beetles Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): Insights on the Evolution of Nesting Behavior
J Mol Evol +2002) 55:116±126 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-002-2314-4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Iberian Dung Beetles Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): Insights on the Evolution of Nesting Behavior Soraya Villalba,Jorge M. Lobo,Fermõ  n Martõ n-Piera,* Rafael Zardoya Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Jose Gutie rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain Received: 22 October 2001 / Accepted: 25 January 2002 Abstract. A phylogeny of the main lineages of dung Introduction beetles +Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) from the Iberian Peninsula was based on partial nucleotide sequences The Scarabaeinae +dung beetles) are a worldwide- +about 1221 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome distributed, highly successful subfamily of Coleoptera oxidase I and II genes of 33 taxa. Our phylogenetic with nearly 5000 species grouped in 234 genera analyses con®rmed the validity and composition of +Hanski and Cambefort 1991). Ever since Linnaeus' most of the recognized tribes within the subfamily. Systema Naturae, dung beetles have received wide Interestingly, the Onitini showed an evolutionary rate attention from entomologists because of their singu- signi®cantly higher than that of the other tribes. The lar adaptations in exploiting vertebrate dung pads molecular phylogeny supports a sister-group rela- +e.g., Fabre 1897, 1899; Heymons and von Lengerken tionship of the tribes Onitini and Oniticellini + On- 1922; Burmeister 1930; Heymons 1930; Prasse 1957; thophagini. A close relationship of Scarabaeini, Rommel, 1961; Balthasar 1963; Halter and Matth- Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini is also suggested but ews 1966; Halter and Edmonds 1982). Scarabaeids lacks bootstrap support. Surprisingly, the Coprini, are one of the best-studied groups of beetles in terms which had always been related to the Oniticellini and of taxonomy +Janssens 1949; Balthasar 1963; Iablo- Onthophagini, were placed closer to the Scarabaeini, kov-Khnzorian 1977; Zunino 1984; Browne and Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini. -
Construction of an Improved Mycoinsecticide Overexpressing a Toxic Protease RAYMOND J
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 6349-6354, June 1996 Agricultural Sciences Construction of an improved mycoinsecticide overexpressing a toxic protease RAYMOND J. ST. LEGER, LOKESH JOSHI, MICHAEL J. BIDOCHKA, AND DONALD W. ROBERTS Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca NY 14853 Communicated by John H. Law, University ofArizona, Tucson, AZ, March 1, 1996 (received for review October 31, 1995) ABSTRACT Mycoinsecticides are being used for the con- Until recently, lack of information on the molecular basis of trol of many insect pests as an environmentally acceptable fungal pathogenicity precluded genetic engineering to improve alternative to chemical insecticides. A key aim of much recent control potential. We have developed molecular biology meth- work has been to increase the speed of kill and so improve ods to elucidate pathogenic processes in the commercially commercial efficacy of these biocontrol agents. This might be important entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae and have achieved by adding insecticidal genes to the fungus, an ap- cloned several genes that are expressed when the fungus is proach considered to have enormous potential for the im- induced by starvation stress to alter its saprobic growth habit, provement of biological pesticides. We report here the devel- develop a specialized infection structure (i.e., the appressor- opment of a genetically improved entomopathogenic fungus. ium), and attack its insect host (6). One of these genes encodes Additional copies of the gene encoding a regulated cuticle- a subtilisin-like protease (designated Prl) which solubilizes the degrading protease (Prl) from Metarhizium anisopliae were proteinaceous insect cuticle, assisting penetration of fungal inserted into the genome of M. -
Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance. -
Ecological Indicators of the Effects of Multiple Farming Activities in a Mediterranean High Nature Value Farmland
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Ecological indicators of the effects of multiple farming activities in a Mediterranean High Nature Value Farmland Bernardo Reis Rocha Mestrado em Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental Dissertação orientada por: Doutor Mário Boieiro (cE3c-FCUL) Doutora Paula Matos (cE3c-FCUL) 2017 Agradecimentos / Acknowlegments Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer à Doutora Cristina Branquinho, ao Doutor Mário Boieiro à Doutora Paula Matos e ao Doutor Pedro Pinho pela oportunidade que me concederam para desenvolver a minha tese de mestrado sob a sua alçada. Este ano que passou sob a vossa orientação permitiu-me abrir horizontes de conhecimento e criar dinâmicas de trabalho novas, que vou levar comigo no futuro. Apesar de oficialmente apenas o Doutor Mário Boieiro e a Doutora Paula Matos serem meus orientadores, também a Doutora Cristina Branquinho e o Doutor Pedro Pinho foram importantíssimos para a concretização deste estudo. Obrigado pelo auxílio, partilha de conhecimentos, orientação e amizade. Foram pessoas muito importantes nesta caminhada e espero que continuem a sê-lo no futuro. A vossa dedicação à ciência é uma inspiração para qualquer iniciante na “modalidade”. Às minhas companheiras de campo, as quase doutoras Clara Wendt e Joana Vieira. À Clara pelo auxílio na montagem e recolha dos pitfalls dos escaravelhos e à Joana pelas horas infindáveis, de lupa na mão, a identificar e contar líquenes. Sem ambas ainda hoje estaria na Companhia das Lezírias a trabalhar. Aproveito também para vos desejar boa sorte nos vossos doutoramentos. À Cristiana Aleixo, pela ajuda relativamente à recolha de informação sobre diversas variáveis ambientas e na construção dos mapas, sendo indispensável para que este trabalho fosse concretizado com sucesso. -
Epigaeic Invertebrate Community Structure in Two Subtropical Nature Reserves, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Implications for Conservation Management
© Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. Frankfurt/Main; http://arages.de/ Arachnologische Mitteilungen / Arachnology Letters 52: 7-15 Karlsruhe, September 2016 Epigaeic invertebrate community structure in two subtropical nature reserves, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Implications for conservation management Augustine S. Niba & Inam Yekwayo doi: 10.5431/aramit5203 Abstract. Epigaeic invertebrates were sampled at non-invaded (‘Indigenous Forest’ and ‘Indigenous Grassland’) and alien-invaded (‘Eu- calyptus’ and ‘Mixed alien’) sub-sites in the Nduli and Luchaba Nature Reserves using pitfall traps. A total of 2054 specimens belonging to three phyla (Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida) was caught and sorted into seven orders, 18 families, one tribe, 45 genera (22 identified to species level) and 20 morphospecies. Higher species richness occurred in ‘Indigenous Forest’ and ‘Mixed Alien’ sub-sites while higher specimen counts were made in invaded (‘Mixed Alien’ and ‘Eucalyptus’) sub-sites during summer months, peaking in January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis results show that some measured site variables, e.g. litter depth, grazing intensity, percentage of alien vege- tation cover, and soil chemical properties accounted for invertebrate taxa composition and distribution trends at sub-sites. Although habitat-patch level characteristics (including abiotic factors) were important for determining species distributions, increased levels of infestation by invasive alien vegetation across sub-sites did not necessarily impact on epigaeic invertebrates -
Scarabaeidae) in Finland (Coleoptera)
© Entomologica Fennica. 27 .VIII.1991 Abundance and distribution of coprophilous Histerini (Histeridae) and Onthophagus and Aphodius (Scarabaeidae) in Finland (Coleoptera) Olof Bistrom, Hans Silfverberg & Ilpo Rutanen Bistrom, 0., Silfverberg, H. & Rutanen, I. 1991: Abundance and distribution of coprophilous Histerini (Histeridae) and Onthophagus and Aphodius (Scarabaeidae) in Finland (Coleoptera).- Entomol. Fennica 2:53-66. The distribution and occmTence, with the time-factor taken into consideration, were monitored in Finland for the mainly dung-living histerid genera Margarinotus, Hister, and Atholus (all predators), and for the Scarabaeidae genera Onthophagus and Aphodius, in which almost all species are dung-feeders. All available records from Finland of the 54 species studied were gathered and distribution maps based on the UTM grid are provided for each species with brief comments on the occmTence of the species today. Within the Histeridae the following species showed a decline in their occurrence: Margarinotus pwpurascens, M. neglectus, Hister funestus, H. bissexstriatus and Atholus bimaculatus, and within the Scarabaeidae: Onthophagus nuchicornis, 0. gibbulus, O.fracticornis, 0 . similis , Aphodius subterraneus, A. sphacelatus and A. merdarius. The four Onthophagus species and A. sphacelatus disappeared in the 1950s and 1960s and are at present probably extinct in Finland. Changes in the agricultural ecosystems, caused by different kinds of changes in the traditional husbandry, are suggested as a reason for the decline in the occuJTence of certain vulnerable species. Olof Bistrom & Hans Si!fverberg, Finnish Museum of Natural Hist01y, Zoo logical Museum, Entomology Division, N. Jarnviigsg. 13 , SF-00100 Helsingfors, Finland llpo Rutanen, Water and Environment Research Institute, P.O. Box 250, SF- 00101 Helsinki, Finland 1. -
Coleópteros Saproxílicos De Los Bosques De Montaña En El Norte De La Comunidad De Madrid
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Coleópteros Saproxílicos de los Bosques de Montaña en el Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid T e s i s D o c t o r a l Juan Jesús de la Rosa Maldonado Licenciado en Ciencias Ambientales 2014 Departamento de Producción Vegetal: Botánica y Protección Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Coleópteros Saproxílicos de los Bosques de Montaña en el Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid Juan Jesús de la Rosa Maldonado Licenciado en Ciencias Ambientales Directores: D. Pedro del Estal Padillo, Doctor Ingeniero Agrónomo D. Marcos Méndez Iglesias, Doctor en Biología 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid el día de de 2014. Presidente D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Secretario D. Suplente D. Suplente D. Realizada la lectura y defensa de la Tesis el día de de 2014 en Madrid, en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos. Calificación: El Presidente Los Vocales El Secretario AGRADECIMIENTOS A Ángel Quirós, Diego Marín Armijos, Isabel López, Marga López, José Luis Gómez Grande, María José Morales, Alba López, Jorge Martínez Huelves, Miguel Corra, Adriana García, Natalia Rojas, Rafa Castro, Ana Busto, Enrique Gorroño y resto de amigos que puntualmente colaboraron en los trabajos de campo o de gabinete. A la Guardería Forestal de la comarca de Buitrago de Lozoya, por su permanente apoyo logístico. A los especialistas en taxonomía que participaron en la identificación del material recolectado, pues sin su asistencia hubiera sido mucho más difícil finalizar este trabajo. -
Biodiversiteitsopname Biodiversity Assessment
Biodiversiteitsopname Biodiversity Assessment Bome - Trees (77 sp) Veldblomme - Flowering veld plants (65 sp) Grasse - Grasses (41 sp) Naaldekokers - Dragonflies (46 sp) Skoenlappers - Butterflies (81 sp) Motte - Moths (95 sp) Nog insekte - Other insects (102 sp) Spinnekoppe - Spiders (53 sp) Paddas - Frogs (14 sp) Reptiele - Reptiles (22 sp) Voëls - Birds (185 sp) Soogdiere - Mammals (23 sp) 4de uitgawe: Jan 2015 Plante/Plants Diere/Animals (24 000 spp in SA) Anthropoda Chordata (>150 000 spp in SA) Arachnida Insecta (spinnekoppe/spiders, 2020 spp in SA) Neuroptera – mayflies, lacewings, ant-lions (385 spp in SA) Odonata – dragonflies (164 spp in SA) Blattodea – cockroaches (240 spp in SA) Mantodea – mantids (185 spp in SA) Isoptera – termites (200 spp in SA) Orthoptera – grasshoppers, stick insects (900 spp in SA) Phthiraptera – lice (1150 spp in SA) Hemiptera – bugs (>3500 spp in SA) Coleoptera – beetles (18 000 spp in SA) Lepidoptera – butterflies (794 spp in SA), moths (5200 spp in SA) Diptera – flies (4800 spp in SA) Siphonoptera – fleas (100 spp in SA) Hymenoptera – ants, bees, wasps (>6000 spp in SA) Trichoptera – caddisflies (195 spp in SA) Thysanoptera – thrips (230 spp in SA) Vertebrata Tunicata (sea creatures, etc) Fish Amphibia Reptiles Birds Mammals (115 spp in SA) (255 spp in SA) (858 spp in SA) (244 spp in SA) Bome – Trees (n=77) Koffiebauhinia - Bauhinia petersiana - Dainty bauhinia Rooi-ivoor - Berchemia zeyheri - Red ivory Witgat - Boscia albitrunca - Shepherd’s tree Bergvaalbos - Brachylaena rotundata - Mountain silver-oak -
Quick Guide for the Identification Of
Quick Guide for the Identification of Maryland Scarabaeoidea Mallory Hagadorn Dr. Dana L. Price Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University This document is a pictorial reference of Maryland Scarabaeoidea genera (and sometimes species) that was created to expedite the identification of Maryland Scarabs. Our current understanding of Maryland Scarabs comes from “An Annotated Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Maryland” (Staines 1984). Staines reported 266 species and subspecies using literature and review of several Maryland Museums. Dr. Price and her research students are currently conducting a bioinventory of Maryland Scarabs that will be used to create a “Taxonomic Guide to the Scarabaeoidea of Maryland”. This will include dichotomous keys to family and species based on historical reports and collections from all 23 counties in Maryland. This document should be cited as: Hagadorn, M.A. and D.L. Price. 2012. Quick Guide for the Identification of Maryland Scarabaeoidea. Salisbury University. Pp. 54. Questions regarding this document should be sent to: Dr. Dana L. Price - [email protected] **All pictures within are linked to their copyright holder. Table of Contents Families of Scarabaeoidea of Maryland……………………………………... 6 Geotrupidae……………………………………………………………………. 7 Subfamily Bolboceratinae……………………………………………… 7 Genus Bolbocerosoma………………………………………… 7 Genus Eucanthus………………………………………………. 7 Subfamily Geotrupinae………………………………………………… 8 Genus Geotrupes………………………………………………. 8 Genus Odonteus...……………………………………………… 9 Glaphyridae.............................................................................................. -
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Population Ecology in Citrus Orchards: the Influence of Orchard Age
Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) population ecology in citrus orchards: the influence of orchard age Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at RHODES UNIVERSITY by Sonnica Albertyn December 2017 ABSTRACT 1 Anecdotal reports in the South African citrus industry claim higher populations of false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta (Meyr) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in orchards during the first three to five harvesting years of citrus planted in virgin soil, after which, FCM numbers seem to decrease and remain consistent. Various laboratory studies and field surveys were conducted to determine if, and why juvenile orchards (four to eight years old) experience higher FCM infestation than mature orchards (nine years and older). In laboratory trials, Washington Navel oranges and Nova Mandarins from juvenile trees were shown to be significantly more susceptible to FCM damage and significantly more attractive for oviposition in both choice and no-choice trials, than fruit from mature trees. Although fruit from juvenile Cambria Navel trees were significantly more attractive than mature orchards for oviposition, they were not more susceptible to FCM damage. In contrast, fruit from juvenile and mature Midnight Valencia orchards were equally attractive for oviposition, but fruit from juvenile trees were significantly more susceptible to FCM damage than fruit from mature trees. Artificial diets were augmented with powder from fruit from juvenile or mature Washington Navel orchards at 5%, 10%, 15% or 30%. Higher larval survival of 76%, 63%, 50% and 34%, respectively, was recorded on diets containing fruit powder from the juvenile trees than on diets containing fruit powder from the mature trees, at 69%, 57%, 44% and 27% larval survival, respectively. -
Natural Enemies of Crop Pests Will Feature in the Future of Environmentally Friendly Farming
Natural enemies of crop pests will feature in the future of environmentally friendly farming Biological control agents are an environmentally-friendly way of controlling pests and diseases on crops and are advocated in the EU’s 16 November 2017 Issue 468 Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive1. The authors of a new review of the 2 Subscribe to free current state of biological control refer to a recent UN report which states that it is weekly News Alert possible to produce enough food to feed a world population of nine billion with substantially less chemical pesticides — and even without these pesticides if Source: van Lenteren, sufficient effort is made to develop biocontrol-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods. The study suggests that policy measures can speed up the J.C., Bolckmans, K., Köhl, J., Ravensberg, W.J. and development and use of environmentally-friendly crop protection. Urbaneja, A. (2017). Biological control using Augmentative biological control (ABC) involves the mass production of natural invertebrates and enemies of pests and diseases in the form of predators, parasites or micro- microorganisms: plenty of organisms, which are then released to control crop pests (including diseases and new opportunities. weeds). These living pesticides are collectively called ‘biological control agents’. As it offers BioControl: 1–21. an environmentally and economically sound alternative to chemical control, ABC is not just of interest to commercial growers, but to retailers, consumers and policymakers. Contact: [email protected] In this new overview, the researchers describe the important role currently played by Read more about: biological control and list the many hundreds of agents in use. -
2011 Biodiversity Snapshot. Isle of Man Appendices
UK Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies: 2011 Biodiversity snapshot. Isle of Man: Appendices. Author: Elizabeth Charter Principal Biodiversity Officer (Strategy and Advocacy). Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture, Isle of man. More information available at: www.gov.im/defa/ This section includes a series of appendices that provide additional information relating to that provided in the Isle of Man chapter of the publication: UK Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies: 2011 Biodiversity snapshot. All information relating to the Isle or Man is available at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5819 The entire publication is available for download at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5821 1 Table of Contents Appendix 1: Multilateral Environmental Agreements ..................................................................... 3 Appendix 2 National Wildife Legislation ......................................................................................... 5 Appendix 3: Protected Areas .......................................................................................................... 6 Appendix 4: Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................ 10 Appendix 5: Research priorities .................................................................................................... 13 Appendix 6 Ecosystem/habitats ................................................................................................... 14 Appendix 7: Species ....................................................................................................................