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Som Nær Sagt Ingen Anden» Sam Eyde (1866 –1940)
TROND AASLAND «… som nær sagt ingen anden» Sam Eyde (1866 –1940) et er gått 1 50 år siden Sam Eyde ble født i Arendal, men vi starter i DFrankrike for 80 år siden, da han rundet de 70. I forkant av dagen gikk Eyde i filmstudio og leste inn et ungdomsdikt om en ung mann med hjemlengsel og kjærlighet til fedrelandet – en som «ønsker å komme til - bake en gang…» Det var som om han for andre gang befant seg på feil sted, denne gangen i et påtvunget eksil. Hans hilsen hjem til Norge ble også formidlet gjen - nom radioen, men den ble ikke tatt godt imot av alle. Strengt tatt flyttet han aldri tilbake, men i vår tid synes det å være bred enighet om at han er kommet hjem. Han står ganske stødig som vår viktigste gründer og industribygger, i alle fall i de første formende tiårene av forrige århundre. Han står slik både på grunn av og på tross av Sam Eyde. Kunne andre ha tatt en tilsvarende rolle? Vi skal være forsiktige med å legge det meste på noen individer. Historisk utvikling er alltid et samspill mellom tidens breie elver og manøvrene til farkostene ute på vannet. Hadde ikke Eyde kommet, kunne andre sett og grepet mulighetene og fått til noe rundt store norske fosser. Trolig ville vi fått se mer av utenlandske kapitalister og mindre av samarbeid og overføring av kunnskap og teknologi. Sammensetningen av industri ville ha vært annerledes. Tidsforløpet likeså. Hydros produksjon er det vanskelig å tenke seg uten det avgjør - 9 ende initiativet til Eyde og møtet med professor Birkeland. -
Knut Døscher Master.Pdf (1.728Mb)
Knut Kristian Langva Døscher German Reprisals in Norway During the Second World War Master’s thesis in Historie Supervisor: Jonas Scherner Trondheim, May 2017 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Preface and acknowledgements The process for finding the topic I wanted to write about for my master's thesis was a long one. It began with narrowing down my wide field of interests to the Norwegian resistance movement. This was done through several discussions with professors at the historical institute of NTNU. Via further discussions with Frode Færøy, associate professor at The Norwegian Home Front Museum, I got it narrowed down to reprisals, and the cases and questions this thesis tackles. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Jonas Scherner, for his guidance throughout the process of writing my thesis. I wish also to thank Frode Færøy, Ivar Kraglund and the other helpful people at the Norwegian Home Front Museum for their help in seeking out previous research and sources, and providing opportunity to discuss my findings. I would like to thank my mother, Gunvor, for her good help in reading through the thesis, helping me spot repetitions, and providing a helpful discussion partner. Thanks go also to my girlfriend, Sigrid, for being supportive during the entire process, and especially towards the end. I would also like to thank her for her help with form and syntax. I would like to thank Joachim Rønneberg, for helping me establish the source of some of the information regarding the aftermath of the heavy water raid. I also thank Berit Nøkleby for her help with making sense of some contradictory claims by various sources. -
Kristian Birkeland (1867 - 1917) the Almost Forgotten Scientist and Father of the Sun-Earth Connection
Kristian Birkeland (1867 - 1917) the Almost Forgotten Scientist and Father of the Sun-Earth Connection PÅL BREKKE Norwegian Space Centre ISWI Workshop, Boston College, 31 July - 4 August 2017 The Young Kristian Birkeland Olaf Kristian Birkeland was born 13 December 1967. Early on Birkeland was interested in magnetism and already as a schoolboy he had bought his own magnet with his own money. He used the magnet for many surprising experiments and practical jokes - often irritating his teachers Birkeland’s Early Career Birkeland became a certificate teacher at the University of Kristiania at only 23 years old and graduated with top grades. In 1896 Birkeland was elected into the Norwegian Academy of Sciences at only 28 years old. Two years later he became a professor in Physics - quite unusual at that young age at that time (was called «the boy professor»). Photograph of Kristian Birkeland on Karl Johans Gate, (Oslo) in 1895 taken by student Carl Størmer, using a concealed camera. (source: UiO) Birkeland - Electromagnetic Waves Birkeland did laboratory experiments on electromagnetic waves in 1890 and first publication came in 1892 with some ground breaking results. In 1893 he focused on the energy transported by these waves. In 1895 Birkeland published his most important theoretical paper. He provided the first general solution of Maxwell’s equations for homogeneous isotropic media. First page of Birkeland's 1895 paper where he derived a general solution to Maxwell’s equations Birkeland - Cathode Rays In 1895 he began pioneer studies of cathode rays, a stream of electrons in a vacuum tube that occurs through high voltage passing between negative and positive charged electrodes. -
Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen. -
The Race for Norwegian Heavy Ater, 1940-1945 Table of Contents
IFS Info 4/1995 Olav Njolstad Ole Kristian Grimnes Joachim RBnneberg Bertrand Goldschmidt The Race for Norwegian Heavy ater, 1940-1945 Table of Contents Olav Nj0lstad : Introduction .............................................................................................. :........ 5 Ole Kristian Grimnes : The Allied heavy water operations at Rjukan .................................................. 7 Joachim R0nneberg : Operation "Gunnerside": Reminiscences of a heavy water saboteur ............ 13 Bertrand Goldschmidt : The supplies of Norwegian heavy water to France and the early development of atomic energy ......................................................... 17 Introduction By Olav Njl!llstad The sabotage action against Norsk Hydro's heavy that the Norwegian-Allied heavy water operations water factory at Vemork, Rjukan, in February 1943 "may be considered the first attempt to secure the was undoubtedly one of the most astonishing and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons by military heroic Norwegian-Allied operations in Norway action", and he discusses what kind oflegacy they during the Second World War. Its blend of high represent in that respect. politics, scientific adventure, military drama and In the second paper, Joachim RIilnneberg, who individual courage has intrigued people for more at the age of22 led the sabotage action in February than fifty years. Numerous accounts of the event 1943, shares with us his memories of that dramatic have been made, including two commercial films, event. In addition to the many fascinating details and in Norsk Industriarbeidermuseum (the Norwe about how the sabotage was planned and executed, gian Industrial Workers Museum) at Rjukan there the reader will find some very valuable reflections is now a permanent exhibition of related sabotage on why that particular operation became such a memorabilia. On each anniversary hundreds of huge success. -
Sam Eydes Kvinner
RJUKAN-NOTODDEN INDUSTRIARV Sam Eyde og kvinnene Anne Haugen Wagn Kan ekteskapene og kvinnene i Sam Eydes liv bidra til å belyse industrigrunnleggerens personlighet? Og fork- lare hans karriere og nederlag? Uansett forteller disse sidene av Sam Eydes liv historien om borgerskapets mannssamfunn. Der kvinnene var underordnet mannen. Og der de fikk utfolde seg, enten som hore eller ma- donna. Ole Kristian Grimnes, som har skrevet biografien om Sam Eyde i 2001, skriver at Eyde var så altoppslukende opptatt av sitt arbeid at det gjorde han immun mot begivenheter og forandringer i privatlivet. Det er ikke stort å hente hos ektemannen for et studium av industrimannen, skriver Grimnes videre. Men, det burde være mulig å utdype forståelsen av Eyde som industrigründer og leder, ved å se nærmere på han som ektemann. Første ekteskapet 17.august 1895 giftet Sam Eyde seg med Ulla Mørner i Skeppholmskyrkan i Stockholm. Sam bar løytnants uni- form, hun var i hvit brudekjole med halvlangt slep, en liten utringning foran ved halsen og lange ermer. Etter noen hvetebrødsdager ved Saltsjøbaden, reiste de til Lubeck. Anna Ulrika ( Ulla ) ble født 13.juni 1873, som yngste datter av den svenske adelsmannen Carl Robert Stellan Mörner af Morlanda. Ved dåpen bad han noen i Eydefamilien om å være fadder, fordi kontakten her var allere- de etablert. Ullas far døde mindre enn 2 år seinere, men kontakten med Eyde-familien fortsatte. Mor til Ulla, Sally, ble alene med 6 mindreårige barn og måtte selge herregården. Men underbruket Marieberg ble beholdt, og Ulla vokste opp der. Sommeren 1891, da Ulla var 18 år, besøkte hun og moren eydene i Arendal. -
Sam Eyde – Norsk Hydros Grunnlegger
RJUKAN-NOTODDEN INDUSTRIARV Sam Eyde – Norsk Hydros grunnlegger Sam Eyde kom første gang til Notodden som 18-åring. Da er han ingeniørstudent og har skrevet seg inn i gjesteboka på Hotell Furuheim på Notodden. Og han kommer tilbake til Telemark. Fire år seinere, sommeren 1888, skriver han sitt navnetrekk sammen med tyske venner i besøksboka på Gaustatoppen. Eyde nøyer seg ikke med en signatur. Han tegner også inn Rjukanfossen og - til overmål – tegner han en bro med svevebane tvers over dalen! Det viktigste med turen til Rjukan var likevel at han også studerte Rjukanfossen. Eyde merket seg at det var voldsomme krefter i den fossen, og at den kunne brukes til noe…. Sam Eyde (1866-1940) ble født og vokste opp i Arendal, der hans far drev med shipping. Som barn likte han bedre å leike ved havna og klatre i riggene på seilskipene enn å fordype seg i skolearbeidet. Da han var 13 år, ble han tatt ut av skolen og mønstret på skoleskipet ”Nornen”. Han omtaler det selv som en slags dannelsesreise. En måte å bi voksen på. Den unge Sam fikk se verden og fikk erfaring og opplæring i det virkelige liv. Eyde skriver i sin selvbiografi at han på denne turen lærte seg tre viktige ting: Disiplin og vennskap med offiserene om bord - og at det var en verden utenfor Arendal. Sam fullførte gymnaset (videregående), avtjente verneplikten og ble kadett. Han søkte seg til det tekniske univer- sitetet i Charlottenburg, utenfor Berlin. Her ville han utdanne seg til ingeniør. Sam gjør det bra på studiene, han vinner en pris ved universitetet for sitt arbeid. -
Registration Document
Yara International ASA – 19.01.2015 Registration Document Registration Document Yara International ASA 19.01 2015 Prepared according to Commission Regulation (EC) No 809/2004 - Annex IV Yara International ASA – 19.01.2015 Registration Document Important notice The Registration Document is based on sources such as annual reports and publicly available information and forward looking information based on current expectations, estimates and projections about global economic conditions, the economic conditions of the regions and industries that are major markets for the Company's (including subsidiaries and affiliates) lines of business. A prospective investor should consider carefully the factors set forth in chapter 1 Risk factors, and elsewhere in the Prospectus, and should consult his or her own expert advisers as to the suitability of an investment in the bonds. The Joint Lead Managers and/or affiliated companies and/or officers, directors and employees may be a market maker or hold a position in any instrument or related instrument discussed in this Registration Document, and may perform or seek to perform financial advisory or banking services related to such instruments. The Joint Lead Managers’ corporate finance department may act as manager or co-manager for this Issuer in private and/or public placement and/or resale not publicly available or commonly known. Copies of this Registration Document are not being mailed or otherwise distributed or sent in or into or made available in the United States other than on the Issuer’s web page. Persons receiving this document (including custodians, nominees and trustees) must not distribute or send such documents or any related documents in or into the United States. -
The Industrial Town (Site) of Rjukan and the Transport Axis of Rjukan
TENTATIVE LIST SUBMISSION FORMAT STATE PARTY: DATE OF SUBMISSION: Submission prepared by: Name: Trond Taugbøl E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Address: Box 8196 Dep, 0034 Oslo, Norway Fax: + 47 22 94 04 04 Institution: Riksantikvaren, Directorate for Cultural Heritage Telephone: +47 22 94 04 00 + 47 982 02 833 Name of Property: Rjukan/Notodden and Odda/Tyssedal Industrial Heritage Sites, Hydro Electrical Powered Heavy Industries with associated Urban Settlements (Company Towns) and Transportation System. State, Province or Region: Norway, Counties of Telemark and Hordaland Municipalities of Tinn, Notodden, and Odda Latitude and Longitude, or UTM coordinates: Rjukan/Notodden: Westernmost point (Vemork): 59 o 52’ N / 8 o 29’ E Northernmost point (Håkanes): 59 o 56’ N / 8 o 50’ E Southernmost point & Easternmost point (Notodden Railway Station): 59 o 29’ N / 9 o 20’ E Tyssedal/Odda: 60º 07' N / 6º 32' E – (Centre point). DESCRIPTION: The industrial town (site) of Rjukan and the transport axis of Rjukan–Notodden form together with Tyssedal and Odda an outstanding picture of the early 1900s, when the second industrial phase created the foundations for the growth and prosperity that characterise modern social development in the West. In this perspective these places contain all the facets of this development: technological, economic, social, aesthetic and cultural. Initially, these places – and not least the waterfalls that are found here – were symbols of the wild landscape of Norway and hence were visited in the 1800s by artists and tourists alike. Due to low prices, vast quantities of power, proximity to international markets, an ice-free coastline etc. -
Kristian Birkeland: the Great Norwegian Scientist That Nobody Knows
KRISTIAN BIRKELAND: THE GREAT NORWEGIAN SCIENTIST THAT NOBODY KNOWS Birkelandforelesningen 15. Juni 2017 av professor David Southwood, Imperial College, London Introduction Ask a foreigner for the name of a famous Norwegian. Rapidly one discovers that the late nineteenth century produced a flowering of Norwegian cultural talent as, as likely as not, the nominee will come from that time. These were, of course, years of an increasing sense of Norwegian identity, the years lead - ing up to Norway’s independence from Sweden in 1905. The list of Norwe - gians easily identified by a foreigner would surely include Henrik Ibsen, Edvard Munch, Edvard Grieg, Fridtjof Nansen, Roald Amundsen. However, one man would be missing. Despite being featured on the tail planes of Nor - wegian airliners and familiar to Norwegians after featuring for 20 years on the 200 NoK banknote, Kristian Birkeland will not leap to foreigners’ minds. Even if you asked for a scientist, one might get Abel, Lie or Bjerknes before Birkeland. Why is that so? Here I shall attempt to explain this conundrum. A detailed biography has been given by Egeland and Burke (2005). In ad - dition, an English journalist (Jago, 2001), has written a biography that is al - most a novelisation of his life. That this could be done, marks how multifaceted this man was. Birkeland was obsessed with the Northern Lights. The elegant picture in Figure 1 illustrates this, and Jago brings out this clearly. Egeland and Burke, both scientists, make clear how close he came to understanding their origin. I’ll try not to repeat too much of what is told in the two books. -
«Rjukanfos. Et Eventyr»?
«Rjukanfos. Et eventyr»? En analyse av retoriske steder i samtalen om storindustrien på Rjukan 1895-1918 Tale Grønmo Masteroppgave i kulturhistorie KULH4990 - 60 studiepoeng Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk Det humanistiske fakultet UNIVERSITETET I OSLO H2015-V2016 Levert 01.06.2016 © Tale Grønmo 2016 «Rjukanfos. Et eventyr»? En analyse av retoriske steder i samtalen om storindustrien på Rjukan 1895-1918 Bilde på tittelblad s. V: Arkitekt Olaf Nordhagens tegning av Rjukan kraftstasjon, ferdig oppført i 1911. NTNU Bildesamlingen. Tale Grønmo http://www.duo.uio.no Trykk: Reprosentralen ii Forord Da er jeg altså ferdig – dette har vært krevende, forvirrende, veldig spennende og til tider altoppslukende. Jeg er mange erfaringer rikere, og mitt forhold til industri er nok evig forandret. Tusen takk til min veileder Line Esborg for god veiledning og raust med tid. Det var aldri langt til hennes kontor, og det var alltid nyttig å gå dit. Line har vært super. Også takk til: Seminarledere og seminardeltakere på masterprogrammet, for tid og hjelp. Min medstudent Ingrid Lamark for selskap og hjelpsomme samtaler gjennom de siste to år. Nasjonalbiblioteket. Både til veilederne på huset, og til bibliotekets fantastiske nettressurser. Mamma og pappa – som har vært så hjelpsomme under hele min lange studietid og som jeg har takket alt for lite. Og Carl, for å ha heiet på meg. Tale Grønmo Oslo, 29. mai 2016. iii Sammendrag I 1905 ble Norsk Hydro etablert. Selskapets påfølgende industrielle utbygging av Rjukan i Telemark markerer starten på norsk storindustri. Jeg ser på hvordan denne industrielle utbyggingen ble oppfattet og tolket inn i en større kulturell kontekst, med spesielt fokus på hvordan den harmonerer med nasjonen som kulturell størrelse. -
Chat with the War Hero Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg: Interview with Norway Last Surviving War Hero Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg 9Th December 2014
Chat with the war hero Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg: Interview with Norway last surviving war hero Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg 9th December 2014 Background information: Chevalier Rønneberg was on the 9th December 2014 kl.17: 00 appointed as Honorary Knight. The appointments happened at Rica Park Hotel in Ålesund in the Polarbjørn meeting room, on the ninth floor overlooking Ålesund. Chevalier Rønneberg was born in Borgund, in Ålesund as the second son of Alf Rønneberg from Ålesund and Anna Krag Sandberg. He was the brother of Erling Rønneberg, who was a well-known resistance member too, having received British commando training. On the maternal side he was a nephew of Ole Rømer Aagaard Sandberg, and thus a grandnephew of Ole Rømer Aagaard Sandberg, Sr. On the paternal side he was a distant descendant of Carl Rønneberg, and a grandnephew of politician Anton Johan Rønneberg, whose mother was a part of the Holmboe family—hence Joachim's middle name. Therefor it’s important that everyone understand that peace and freedom is not obvious, and this is important that today's youth understand this. Too many take todays freedom for granted. Peace and freedom must be fought for everyday Joachim H. Rønneberg 9th December 2014 Vemork, Rjukan Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg in 1943 The attack had not been cleared with the Norwegian government in exile in London and led to a diplo- matic crisis between the Norwe- gian and other Allied governments. Of particular concern for the Nor- wegian government was the tar- geting of the Rjukan nitrogen plant, as it supposedly only produced products for Norwegian agricul- ture.