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A Fortaleza De Inverno a Missão Épica Para Sabotar a Bomba Atômica De Hitler

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A Fortaleza De Inverno a Missão Épica Para Sabotar a Bomba Atômica De Hitler Neal Bascomb A fortaleza de inverno A missão épica para sabotar a bomba atômica de Hitler tradução Cássio de Arantes Leite Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 3 08/05/17 08:19 Copyright © 2016 by Neal Bascomb. Todos os direitos reservados. Grafia atualizada segundo o Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990, que entrou em vigor no Brasil em 2009. Título original The Winter Fortress: The Epic Mission to Sabotage Hitler's Atomic Bomb Capa André Kavakama Foto de capa Kaja Pedersen/ Norsk Industriarbeidermuseum Preparação Diogo Henriques Índice remissivo Probo Poletti Revisão Márcia Moura Clara Diament Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (cip) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, sp, Brasil) Bascomb, Neal A fortaleza de inverno: a missão épica para sabotar a bomba atômica de Hitler / Neal Bascomb; tradução Cássio de Arantes Leite. – 1a ed. – Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2017. Título original: The Winter Fortress: The Epic Mission to Sabotage Hitler's Atomic Bomb. isbn 978-85-470-0039-4 1. Bomba atômica – Alemanha – História. 2. Guer- ra Mundial – 1939-1945 – Alemanha – Tecnologia 3. Guerra Mundial, 1939-1945 – Operações de co- mando – Noruega 4. Sabotagem – Noruega – História – Século 20. i. Título. 17-03097 cdd-940.54 Índice para catálogo sistemático: 1. Guerra Mundial: 1939-1945: Operações de comando: História 940.54 [2017] Todos os direitos desta edição reservados à editora schwarcz s.a. Praça Floriano, 19 – Sala, 3001 20031-050 – Rio de Janeiro – rj Telefone: (21) 3993-7510 www.companhiadasletras.com.br www.blogdacompanhia.com.br facebook.com/editoraobjetiva instagram.com/editora_objetiva twitter.com/edobjetiva Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 4 08/05/17 08:19 Àqueles que enfrentam a luta Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 5 08/05/17 08:19 Você tem de lutar por sua liberdade. E pela paz. Você tem de lutar por elas todos os dias, para mantê-las. É como um barco de vidro; é fácil de quebrar. É fácil de perder. joachim rønneberg, líder da gunnerside Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 7 08/05/17 08:19 Sumário Mapas ................................................................................................................. 11 Lista de participantes ........................................................................................ 17 Prólogo ................................................................................................................ 19 parte i 1. A água ........................................................................................................ 25 2. O professor ............................................................................................. 40 3. Bonzo ....................................................................................................... 54 4. O filho do zelador .................................................................................. 69 5. Uma estrada aberta ................................................................................. 82 parte ii 6. Ordem de comando ............................................................................... 101 7. Façam um bom trabalho ......................................................................... 112 8. Loucos para entrar em ação .................................................................. 120 9. Um destino incerto ................................................................................ 134 10. Perdas ..................................................................................................... 146 parte iii 11. O instrutor ............................................................................................. 161 12. Aqueles boçais não vão pegar a gente ................................................ 171 13. Regras de um caçador ........................................................................... 183 Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 9 08/05/17 08:19 14. A guerra solitária, sombria ................................................................... 194 15. A tempestade ......................................................................................... 205 16. Planejamento ......................................................................................... 218 17. A escalada ............................................................................................... 228 18. Sabotagem .............................................................................................. 238 parte iv 19. O feito mais esplêndido ...................................................................... 249 20. A caçada ................................................................................................. 261 21. Os fantasmas do Vidda ........................................................................ 271 22. Um passatempo nacional .................................................................... 282 23. Lista de alvos......................................................................................... 292 24. A missão do Caubói ............................................................................. 302 parte v 25. Nada vem sem sacrifício ...................................................................... 315 26. Cinco quilos de peixe .......................................................................... 324 27. O homem do violino ............................................................................ 335 28. Despertador para as 10h45 ................................................................ 344 29. Vitória .................................................................................................... 356 Epílogo ............................................................................................................... 367 Agradecimentos ................................................................................................. 371 Notas .................................................................................................................. 375 Referências bibliográficas .................................................................................. 423 Índice remissivo .................................................................................................. 433 Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 10 08/05/17 08:19 Lista de participantes Operação Grouse/Swallow Jens-Anton Poulsson, líder da Grouse Knut Haugland, operador de rádio Claus Helberg Arne Kjelstrup Einar Skinnarland Operação Gunnerside Joachim Rønneberg, líder da Gunnerside Knut Haukelid, segundo em comando Birger Strømsheim Fredrik Kayser Kasper Idland Hans Storhaug Sabotagem da D/F Hydro Alf Larsen, engenheiro em Vemork Knut Lier-Hansen, combatente de resistência da Milorg Gunnar Syverstad, assistente de laboratório em Vemork Rolf Sørlie, engenheiro civil em Vemork Kjell Nielsen, gerente de transporte em Vemork Ditlev Diseth, aposentado da Norsk Hydro Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 17 08/05/17 08:19 Noruegueses Leif Tronstad, cientista e líder da Kompani Linge Jomar Brun, engenheiro-chefe em Vemork Torstein Skinnarland, irmão de Einar Olav Skogen, líder da Milorg local de Rjukan Lillian Syverstad, mensageira para Einar Skinnarland Famílias Hamaren, Hovden e Skindalen, fazendeiros que ajudaram Skinnarland Aliados Winston Churchill, primeiro-ministro da Grã-Bretanha Franklin D. Roosevelt, presidente dos Estados Unidos Eric Welsh, diretor da agência norueguesa do Secret Intelligence Service (sis) britânico John Wilson, chefe da seção norueguesa da Special Operations Executive (soe) britânica Wallace Akers, chefe do Directorate of Tube Alloys Mark Henniker, oficial comandante da Operação Freshman Owen Roane, piloto da Força Aérea Americana Nazistas e colaboracionistas Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar na Noruega General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, chefe das forças militares alemãs na Noruega Tenente-coronel Heinrich Fehlis, chefe da Gestapo e das forças de segurança na Noruega Capitão Siegfried Fehmer, investigador da Gestapo em Oslo Segundo-tenente Muggenthaler, oficial da ss de Fehlis em Rjukan Vidkun Quisling, líder do Nasjonal Samling, o partido fascista norueguês Cientistas alemães Kurt Diebner Werner Heisenberg Paul Harteck Abraham Esau Walther Gerlach Fortaleza_de_Inverno.indd 18 08/05/17 08:19 Prólogo NORUEGA OCUpaDA PELOS NAZISTAS, 27 DE FEVEREIRO DE 1943 Numa fila cambaleante, os nove sabotadores deslizavam pela encosta monta- nhosa.1 O instinto, mais do que o fraco luar, os orientava. Cruzavam bosques de pinheiros e atravessavam o terreno íngreme e acidentado, na maior parte composto de pequenos vales estéreis e densos montes de neve. Vestindo tra- jes camuflados brancos sobre os uniformes do Exército britânico, pareciam fantasmas assombrando a floresta. Moviam-se em silêncio como espectros, a quietude quebrada apenas pelo chiado leve de seus esquis e o ocasional cho- que de um bastão contra algum galho. O vento quente e regular que soprava pelo vale do Vestfjord amortecia até esses ruídos. O mesmo vento que, assim esperavam, apagaria seus rastros. Após um quilômetro e meio pelo trajeto desde a cabana-base, a flores- ta ficou fechada demais para prosseguirem de alguma outra maneira que não a pé. Os jovens noruegueses tiraram os esquis e os puseram sobre os ombros. O avanço continuou sendo árduo. Carregando mochilas com mais de quinze quilos de equipamento e armados de submetralhadoras, grana- das, pistolas, explosivos e facas, afundavam, escorregavam e precisavam usar as mãos e os pés para descer pela neve pesada e úmida. Sob o peso do equipamento, por vezes viam-se afundados nela até a cintura. A escu- ridão ainda mais espessa quando nuvens baixas ocultavam
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