THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
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MINISTRY OF WORKS TANZANIA NATIONAL ROADS AGENCY - TANROADS Public Disclosure Authorized
Review and Update of Feasibility Study and Detailed Design of Singida-Shelui Road Section Phase II Detailed Engineering Design Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT
L..e-LlCo aipha9,1fame of #I LflICr GRJTP ESfl C.oIRg .t1lln r Annex 8 L------8 ENVINRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA), SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) & Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT A CTION PLAN(RAP) ENVINR ONMENTAL IMPA CT A SSESSMENT (EIA), SOCIAL IMPACTASSESSMENT (SIA)& RESETTLEMENT A CTION PLAN (RAP) AS AMMENDED BY TANROADS
Public Disclosure Authorized -MY TECHNIPLAN
Rome and Dar es Salaam, May 2003 FIlE COPYD I Review and Update of Feasibility Study and Detailed Design of Singida-Shelui Road Section
Phase II
Detailed Engineering Design FINAL REPORT
Annex 8
EIA, SIA & "IA
EIA, SIA & RIA AS AMMENDED BY TANROADS
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I Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finzal Report: Annex 8 - E1A, SIA & RIA Contents
Feasibility Study and Preliminary Engineering Design of Singida Shelui Road Section
Final Report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (EIA and SIA) and Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA)
Table of contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Part 1. THE ROAD AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
1. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY 1.1 Terms of reference 1.2 Work carried out 1.3 References 1.4 Study approach 1.5 Layout of the report
2. THE PROJECT ROAD 2.1 Location and characteristics 2.2 The road upgrading project
3. THE TERRRITORY INFLUENCED BY THE ROAD 3.1 Road reserve area (RRA, 45 m wide) 3.2 Wider road influence area (WIA) 3.3 Physical environment of the Wider Road Influence Area 3.4 Human environment of the wider road influence area 3.5 Cultural heritage in the road influence zone
4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE EXISTING ROAD 4.1 Health effects of current road use 4.2 Recent traffic accident rates 4.3 Lack of ancillary road facilities 4.4 Ongoing and projected trends of the road influence area
Part 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
5. ROAD WORKS: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION 5.1 Planned road works 5.2 Overview of the impact of planned road works 5.3 Short-term negative impacts of road works 5.4 Short-term positive impacts of road works 5.5 Long-term negative impacts of road works 5.6 Long-term positive impacts of road works 5.7 Impact of road works in the Rift Valley
6. FUTURE ROAD USE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION 6.1 Traffic growth forecasts 6.2 Direct impacts of road use
Annex 8 -contents Annex 8 - i Techntiplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Contents
6.3 Negative or problematic impacts of future road use 6.4 Positive, indirect impacts of future road use
7. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN (EAP) 7.1 Scope and phasing of the EAP 7.2 The three Phases of EAP (2001 onward) 7.3 Proposed institutional framework of E.A.P
8. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS 8.1 Overall cost estimates 8.2 Cost of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures 8.3 Financial schedule of EAP
Part 3. RESETTLEMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (RIA) & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN
9.1 Project Description in Relation to Resettlement 9.2 Potential Impacts 9.3 Resettlement Objectives 9.4 Social Economic Study 9.5 Legal Framework 9.6 Eligibility 9.7 Valuation Procedure and Compensation for Losses 9.8 Resettlement Measures 9.9 Site Selection, Site Preparation, Relocation and Social Services 9.10. Community Participation 9.11 Grievance and Appeals Channel 9.12 Implementation Schedule 9.13 Cost and Budget 9.14 RAP Institutional Framework and Organizational Responsibilities
Part 4. FIGUR-ES
Figure 1. Tanzania's trunk corridors Figure 2. Air view of the project area Figure 3. Land cover and land use along the road Figure 4. Landscapes traversed by the project area Figure 5. Land use and in the road influence area Figure 6. Natural vegetation areas Figure 7. National parks, reserves and controlled areas Figure 8. Administrative set-up of the road influence area Figure 9. Settlement system of the road influence area Figure 10. Archaelogical sites of the road influence area Figure 11. Prehistoric artpaintinig Figure 12. Identified borrow pits and quarries Figure 13. Route variants in Iguguno urban area Figure 14. Soil protection with geomats
Annex 8 - contents Annex 8 - ii Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Contents
Figure 14. Soil protection with geomats Figure 15. Soil reinforcement for long term application Figure 16. Slope erosion control with geomat Figure 17. Slope erosion control with geocells Figure 18. Borrow pits
APPENDICES
Appendix A Policy, legal and administrative framework
Appendix B Environmental profile of the Road Project Area
Appendix C Baseline socio-economic data
Appendix D Agro-economic areas of Singida Region
Appendix E Water resources of the Project Area
Appendix F Health data of the Project Area
Appendix G Archaeological heritage and road development
Appendix H World Bank guidelines on involuntary settlement
Appendix I Terms of Reference
Appendix J Individual Compensation
Appendix K Properties valuation analysis
Appendix L Confirmation of Plot allocation
Appendix M NEMC Reporting guidelines
Appendix N Photographic album
Appendix O Contractor's Clause
Appendix P Minutes of Meeting with villagers
Appendix Q List of People Consulted
Appendix R Properties Declaration Form
Aninex 8 -conitents Annex 8 - iii Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Sumninary
Singida-Shelui Road Upgrading Project
Environmental, Social and Resettlement Impact Assessment
EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summiary
1. Road Influence Area
2. The proposed road upgrading project
3. Environmental impacts without the proposed project
4. ELA and RTA methodology
5. Participatory EIA and RIA approach
6. The EIA and RIA Studies and Action Plans
7. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) & Action Plan (2003 onward)
8. Resettlement Impact Statement (RIS) & Action Plan (2003 onward)
9. Cost and Budget for RAP
10. Institutional Framework and Organisational Responsibilities for RAP Implementation
11. Monitoring and Evaluation
12. Conclusions and recommendations
Executive sumnmar-y Annex 8 - S. 1 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Sinmary
Singida-Shelui Road Upgrading Project
Environmental, Social and Resettlement Impact Assessment
EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary
1. Road Innluence Area
Singida Shelui Road Section is part of the Central Trunk Corridor, which connects Dar es Salaam with northwestemn Tanzania and with landlocked Rwanda, Burundi and eastern Congo. The project's Road Section extends northwestward from Singida town through Shelui Trade Center until the border with Tabora region, for a total design length of 107 km. The immediate influence area of the Road Section largely coincides with its feeder road basin, covering some 5000 km2 with 250,000 people, of which 150,000 in Singida Urban District and 100,000 in two rural Districts. The population density of the Road Influence Area is 60 inhabitants per km2 (16 in the rural countryside). The land use pattern consists of fallow and grazing areas (52% of the Road Influence Area), thicket (25%), forests of various densities (8%), farmlands (12%) and water bodies (3%). The landscapes traversed by the road display a low cropping intensity, with scattered villages and trading centers. The first 78 km cut across a rolling plateau with sparse cultivations at an average altitude of 1,150 meters, followed by the rugged, densely wooded relief of Sekenke escarpment, rising to higher altitudes from km 78 to 90. After the escarpment, the road cuts across the flat, intensively farmed Shelui plateau. The last three km traverse the uninhabited swamplands of Wembere river, at an average altitude some 20 meters below the plateau.
2. The proposed road-upgrading project
The project aims at upgrading Singida Shelui road to bitumen standards, with a 20-year design life for the new sections, 10 for the rehabilitation works. The design route will overlap with the existing one for 86 km out of 110km. The major improvements include: Road geometry: widening to 10 meters from present 7 to 10 Road reserve corridor: 45m in the rural areas, from present 25 to 45 m Design speed: 110 km per hour CalTying capacity: 1300 vehicle/day, up from 280 in the year 2000 Carriage way: 6.5 m wide, with two lanes and a 1.5m shoulder on both sides Pavement: double surface dressing, with a 2.5% camber to bitumen standard Drainage: cross drainage structures with intersection road apartments Bypasses: the design route will avoid Iguguno town (5000 people), reducing the congestion and pollution in this small town, and will bypass the hilly section of Sekenke escalpment, which cut across a dense forest, where the present road is characterized by many traffic accidents and has conduced to the depletion of the forestry cover.
3. Environmental impacts without the proposed project
The present road conditions generate a high accident rate especially in the rugged Sekenke sub-section (km 78 to 90). The dirt surface and low vehicle speed cause dusts and pollution in the traversed settlements. The rural landscapes crossed by the road show advanced signs of soil erosion, forest destruction and disappearance of wildlife, due to extensive farming, overgrazing and wood-cutting for the production of charcoal. Due to poor accessibility and high transport costs under the present road conditions, the competent ministries find it hard
ExecLitive summary Annex 8 - S. 2 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary to extend sustainable methods of rural production to the road influence area. Moreover, Singida Shelui road section is considered to be the bottleneck of the Central Trunk Corridor, constraining national and international communications through Central Tanzania. This has negative impacts on socio-economic development, including the tourism sector.
4. EIA, SIA and RIA methodology
General approach. The study was carried out in compliance with the methods recommended by the Draft National EIA Guidelines and Procedures (see details in Appendix M). After summarizing the present impact of the road without the project, the study outlines the investment proposal and states its predicted impacts on: (a) the physical and human environment (EIA and SIA), and: (b) the economic properties and business activities (RIA). On this basis, the study identifies the measures to mitigate the negative and enhance the positive impacts of the project, both on the natural and the socio-economic milieu.
5. Participatorv EIA, SIA and RE[A approach
Public consultations have been carried out at two levels: - firstly, focus-group sessions were held with stakeholders at major settlements along the project corridor, especially those affected by a high resettlement rate or potential negative impacts of the project on the natural environment - secondly, detailed field inventories of affected environmental resources and economic properties were carried out in collaboration with local communities and authorities
The participants in the consultation process had a strong conviction that paving the road will have a positive and profound impact on their lives and livelihood, and they were genuinely grateful for this "overdue" development. Negative impacts, like road safety, were cited. Thanks to the active participation of the local people and authorities, the study was able to carry out the detailed inventory of each building, business activity and farm holding to be displaced by the project. The names of all people to be resettled under the project has been taken, the properties described and their value estimated.
Assumptions and limitations. The study assumes that the influence area of the project road coincides with its feeder road basin. The baseline information available for area is limited in terms of both environmental and socio-econoinic data. However, the Consultant has tried to overcome such limitations during the scoping stage of the study. The report was produced in two stages (feasibility study and detailed design).
Administrative, Legal and Policy Requirements. The present study has taken in full account the principal and subsidiary legislation on the evaluation and management of environmental impacts for public works. The adopted planning procedures also comply with the World Bank's guidelines for environmental impact mitigation and involuntary resettlement.
6. The E1A, SIA and RItA Sttudies and Action Plains
The present study is articulated in two parts, as follows: a) Environnmental and Social Impact Assessment (EIA & SIA): after stating the potential project impacts in critical environments along the road, the study recommends an Action Plan with the measures apt to mitigate the negative and enhance the positive impacts (see § 7).
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 3 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Surmmary
b) Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA): the study deals with the project impacts on real estate properties and economic activities, outlining an Action Plan both to compensate the losses and relocate the assets in alternative areas .
Table S. 1 overleaf summarizes the expected EIA and RIA impacts of the project on the 12 settlement areas crossed by the Singida-Shelui Road.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 4 Techniplan Singida-Shelui road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Annex 8 - EIA, Sia & RIA Executive Sutm71171ary,
Table S.1 Overview of EIA and RIA study
District Iramba Rural District Singida Rural District Singida
km 104-107 90-104 72-90 65-72 58-65 38-58 30-38 18-30 10-18 1-10 ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Total
Adniinistrative Village Area Malende Shelui Nselembwe Misigiri Ulemo Kyengege Kitusha Iguguno Msisi Manga SUnrbia
Sekenke Forest Reserve (kIn) 6 km of reserve front
3 km of O Q Wembere Game Reserve (km) reserve >,gfront
Borrow pits (No. of areas) 1 2 5 2 3 2 3 2 1 22
Residential Buildings to be resettled (No. 1 3 2 1 1 3 18 33 - 62 of buildings) Businesses to be resettled (No. of businees 7 3 I4 3 4 57 activities) 26* ~ 4345
Number of Building StructLre 1 36 2 5 3 3 18 39 3 4 114
Iguguno Bypass 34 34
g Farms to be Borrow pits - 2 - 2 X resettled (No.) Minor alignrments - 4 - 2 4 - - 10 Total Farms 0 0 4 0 2 2 34 4 0 0 46 It excludes 9 houses under constructioni thongli are plannedfor business Note: Mosqtue is not included as butsinesses while two offices at Msisi were regardedas business Source: Tanroads field investigatiol2s May 2003
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 5 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summnary
7. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) & Action Plan (2003 onward)
The EIS bears upon the impact of the project during the road engineering and construction phase (years 2003-04) and during the road use and maintenance phase (year 2004 onward)
EIS and mitigating measures in EIA Phases I & 11, Road Enzgineering & Contstruction(2003- 07)
EIS Ad%ised mim ,:iionr and enhlancenieni measures Proper timing of works. Topsoil stock piled for i Land take, earthworkslaeus later use Works to transform the pits in permanent water ji BoIrow pits, qualTies points Minimize vegetation clearance. Restore sites iii Detours and haul roads afeus . ~~~~~~~~~afteruse Careful camp location, construction, iv Workers camps maaemn management v Machines (noise, vibration, Machine mufflers. Dust sprinkling. Suspend I pollution) works in holidays .i Water and soil pollution Recycle lubricants. Precautions vi Water and soil pollution acietlpll to avoid accidental spillls vi. Site and detour hazards Proper signalling. Careful driving of haul vii Site and detour hazards trucks ... Health hazards during Health examination of workers with treatment works when needed .x Breeding habitat of disease Good landscaping, filling & drainage to avoid vectors creating habitats
EIS andcl mnitigating measutres in EIA Phase II, Road Use and Maintenance (2007 onlward)
- EIS : .. Ad. ised:maligationi and erhiianceinient rneasures Traffic risks and pollution Introduction of updated vehicle and traffic effects control systems Infrastructure development Livestock route & market, energy & water otential supply Higher pressure on Strengthening of environmental services, ecosystems awareness campaigns Handbook for ecologically sustainable road iv Road maintenance impacts maintenance Upgrading of medical facilities especially to v Increase of disease -vectors prevent HIV-AIDS vi Cultural and tourism Protection of heritage and development of eco- potentials tourism circuits
The Environmental Action Plan (EAP) is to implement the mitigation and enhancement measures. Consistently with the identified impact cycles, the EAP spans three phases:
Execuitive summary Annex 8 -.S. 6 Techniiplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary
Phasing of Singida-Shelui EAP
Year Phases 03- 03- 07 Key responsibilities 03 07 onwar
Environmental o Consulting engineers under TANROADS design- - ______Works o Contractor, TANROADS and other line implementation _ Ministries
III Road use & 000 TANROADS maintenance T_ __ _ Each mitigation or enhancement measure has been discussed with local communities and national authorities (VPO, NEMC, Ministry of Tourism & Natural Resources, i.e Forestry and wildlife Departments).
EAP Phases I & 11: Engineering and Work Implenmentation (2003-07): the mitigation measures will counteract the adverse effects earthworks (land takes, materials spoiling, plant operation, haul traffic), like soil erosion, water pollution, encroachment into natural and human habitats. The construction work will require half million m3 of gravel materials and crushed stones. Borrow pits and quarries cover a surface of 110 ha.
EAP Phase III, road utse and maintenance (from 2007), will mobilize five environmental impact management processes, namely: i. Traffic Management ii. Development of Infrastructure iii. Ecosystem Protection in the Wider Road Area iv. Safeguard of Physical Cultural Resources in the Wider Road Area v. Environmentally Sustainable Road Maintenance vi. Health Protection Against Disease Vectors (HIV-AIDS and others) vii. Benefit Enhancement Measures
The following paragraphs deal with the seven components of the post-construction EAP. I. Traffic management. If not curbed by appropriate measures, like speed signs, rumble strips, intersection layout etc. across towns and villages or crash barriers and guardrails, traffic related risks would increase proportionally to the traffic flow.
II. Development of infrastructure: economic and social infrastructure will increase the advantage generated by the upgraded road. Investment costs, to be covered by the regional budget assisted by credit line facilities, will be mostly recovered by user-fee mechanisms.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 7 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Aninex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Siunmtary
Projected infrastructutredevelopnment
. Motor Livestock Feeder Stock Energy & water Location Motoparks rL markets s roads(i) route(i) spl (km) (km) supply 1. Singida c 250 15 0 2. Tumuli - - 15
3. Iguguno - 80 10 _ 4. Misigiri 35 5 o 5. Shelui e 25 10 o Total 4 2 390 55 5
Im. Ecosystem Protection in the Wider Road Area. The project road will traverse 20 km of ecologically sensitive areas in Sekenke Forest Reserve and Wembere Game Reserve.
Sekenke Forest Reserve. Dry forest formations like miombo cover the steep hills overhanging the new design route along Kinkungu river as well as the existing hilly road. A wet gallery forest lines the meanders of Kinkungu river. Both he dry and the wet forest formations need to be preserved for the benefit of local ecosystems and wildlife. The old hilly road (12 km) will be closed to normal traffic, and dedicated to forest service and tourism. Thanks to its vitality and reduced fire exposure, the miombo forests will regenerate along the old road, returning 300 ha to timber production and wildlife. The project will install signs and gates to interface Singida Shelui road with the Forest Reserve. On the negative side, the new route will affect wildlife along the Kinkungu river. Advised mitigations: : (a) green barriers against fire propagation, and: (b) assistance to village communities in Sekenke escarpment to set up associations of charcoal makers for the participative management of forest resources
Wembere Game Reserve. The future Reserve will include a vast swamp-river-lake complex, rich of wildlife and fish. After reproducing in the swamps, fish migrate via the free-flowing seasonal river to the lake, providing the basic resource to numerous fishermen. In Wembere valley, the present road acts as a dam. The project hydraulic design parameters will minimize the barriers to water flow during the peak rainy season in the Wembere basin, presently hampered by the inadequate number and dimension of the existing culverts.
IV. Safeguard of Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) in the Wider Road Area. A "Maintenance Handbook" will provide the specifications for environmental friendly road maintenance, taking into account the type of structures, drainage system and impact mitigation solutions adopted by the project. Special attention will be paid to the maintenance of road cuts, drainage system
V. Environmentally sustainable road maintenance. A "Maintenance Handbook" will provide the specifications for environmental friendly road maintenance, taking into account the type of structures, drainage system and impact mitigation solutions adopted by the project. Special attention will be paid to the maintenance of road cuts, drainage system. The manual would not overlap with the cuirent Road Maintenance Handbook of Tanroads, insofar as the latter provides general standards and procedures for road maintenance across the country, while the former would impart specific guidelines for the maintenance of each km and individual structure of a specific road: the one linking Singida to Shelui. The handbook will also consider the collaboration of Tanroads with the Ministry of Education and Culture for the protection of the cultural heritage in the road project area.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 8 Techlniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Execurtive Suinmary
VI. Health-oriented environmental measures. Incoming workers and traffic flows may carry and spread disease vectors. Local medical services should closely monitor AIDS-I-IIV. The project will provide a subvention to prevent and treat the disease.
VII. EAP Implementation. The key players will be: TANROADS, the Environment Departhent of thle Vice President's Office (VPO), the Nationial Environment Management Coutnlcil (NEMC) and Local Government. The TANROADS will appoint a Task Manager to coordinate the project's environmental components. He/she will submit an EAP Memorandum to VPO and NEMC, suggesting the tasks pertaining to TANROADS and other Agencies. The VPO in collaboration with NEMC will provide guidance on the tasks schedules for all involved Agencies.
EAP Field Schedule. The President's Office- Regional Administration and Local Government will transmit the adopted EAP instructions to Singida Regional Government, which will act as the delegated authority to instruct the District Offices, notify the local communities and inspect the planned measures.
EAP management schedule (start-up stage)
Months since October EAP activities 2003 J2 3 4 5 6 1. TANROADS: appointment of Environmental Task Manager o 2. Environmental Task Manager: preparation of Project _ Environmental Memorandum 3. Vice President's Office: Review EAP schedule o 4 Vice President's Office: notice to Ministries and other Agencies 5 Ministries, other Agencies: comments on Memorandum and o Schedule 0 6 Vice President's Office: notice to Ministry of Local o Government & RA 7. PO-RALG: notice to Singida Regional Government o 8. Singida Regional Government: notice to Districts, NGOs, o communities 9 Operational start-up of Administrative framework operations 0
EAP's Contractual Components. The environmental measures will be attached, along with their bill of quantities, to the Works Contract. The Contractor shall take stock of the contents of the final design version of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the project.
Supervision system and EAP monitoring. An environmental expert in the supervision team will assure the compliance of the Environmental Measures. Monitoring mitigation impacts measures by VPO are suitable to verify that all disposition are complied with.
Environmental audit. The audit of the long-term effects of the mitigation/enhancement measures should be responsibility of the National Environment Management Council.
Constraints to be overcome. At present, a systematic consideration of environmental risks stemming from infrastructure project is still uncommon at local administrative level. To achieve a solid implementation framework, special efforts must be deployed by TANROADS at central and local level, in collaboration with VPO and NEMC
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 9 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Siun,nary
Community participation to EAP. During the field mission, the Consultant sensitised the local communities toward the ecological and resettlement implications of the project. The response has been positive at all levels. Comments, suggestion and additional accurate information can be collected after the present report is circulated among local authorities.
Environmental costs. Environmental mitigation and enhancement measures are estimated at Sh 572,000,000, equal to US$ 715,000. Investment costs for ancillary infrastructure do not compete to the project. The details are shown below.
Cost of environmental mitigation. The remedial works to cancel the environmental damages made during road construction will cost 370,000 US$, as summarized in the following table.
Environmental impact mitigation costs
Unt Total Cost Item Unit Quantity Rate [US $]
1. Mitigation of the impact of construction works 1.1 Filling/levelling of quarries, pits, m 3 f540,000, rubble mounds - 270,000 2 1.2 Reforestation of 1.1 above Ha 30 1,200 36,000 1.3 Reforestation of camps, yard sites, Ha 20 1,200 24,000 detours, etc. 1.4 Disposal pits for solid, liquid waste m 5,000 10 50,000 2 1.6 Vegetation cover of cutting slopes m 60,000 1 60,000 1.7 "To spoil" areas (reforestation with Ha 45 1200 40,000 indigenous trees) 1.8 Other work mitigation costs sum 50,000 Sub-total I 160,000 2. Mitigation of the impact of road use & maintenance (start-up costs) 2.1 Tree planting in villages crossed by the seedling 4,000 5 20,000 road__ _ _ 2.2 Fire barriers in forest areas seedling 10,000 5 50,000 Entrances to Sekenke and Wembere 2.3 lump sum 10,000 Reserves 2.4 Awareness campaign for forests & lump sum 20,000 wildlife 2.5 SuLport to local environmental NGOs lump sum 45,000 2.6 Support to local Government lump sum 35,000 environmental services Health measures including HTV 2.7 27 protectionprtci.nlump sum 30,000 Sub-total II 210,000 Grand Total 370,000 (*) The cost of filling anid levellintg of borrow pits ancd qutarries is part of the Conitractor's budclget and is not part of EIA budcget
Cost of environmental enhancement measures: they will amount to US$ 100,000, covering two major groups of interventions:
Execultive summary Annex 8 - S. 10 Technziplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annzex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary
Measuires to allay the environmenttal impacts of road use: an awareness campaign, to be undertaken in collaboration with the Local Governments and NGOs based in Singida Region, will target forest and wildlife protection, tree planting and control of firewood cutting. A sum of 50,000 US $ can be earmarked for this purpose.
Ctultutral heritage and toutrism: The project should subsidize a cultural tourism program for the prehistoric and historic sites, including: - completion of the inventory of rock art paintings: 15,000 US $ - organization of cultural tourist circuits in the Road Influence Area: US $ 20,000 - development of eco-tourist circuits in the Road Influence Area: US $ 15,000
Financial schedule of EAP. The funds provided by the project will be complemented by Government funds, as well as the participation of NGOs and local communities.
EAP cost estimate (US $)
Phase I Phase II Engineering, Road use & Component Works & maintenance Supervision 2003-05 2007 onward 1. Fees 40,000 - 40,000 2. Supervision fees - 20,000 20,000 3. Mitigation works 160,000 210,000 370,000 4. Maintenance handbook 10,000 - 10,000 5. Health .- 25,000 25,000 6. Awareness campaign 50,000 50,000 7. 1-leritage & eco-tourism 50,000 50,000 8. Enhancement measures - 100,000 100,000 9. Various & contingencies 25,000 25,000 50,000 Total 235,000 480,000 715,000
8.0 Resettlement Impact Statement (RIS) & Actioii Plan (2003 onward)
Overview. Road works will last for two years. The Resettlement Plan must be completed within the same time span, to avoid delay in project works, escalation in administrative costs and disruption of economic activities. The buildings, business premises and farms to be dislocated are tabulated below.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 11 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: AInnlex 8 - EIA, SlIA & RIA Executive Suintmary
Overall Butilding Stnrcture andfarnilandsResettlement Plan (2003-04)
Item Building units Total size (Acre) Farms Compensation Urban Areas 4 Singida Rural (Msisi and Manga) 42 [ramba district (Iguguno bypass) - 18 54.25 Buildings and farms Iramba district ( Kitusha, Kyengege,. 13 2 Ulemo and Misigiri) Iramba district (Shelui Trading centre 37 and Malende) Detours and campsite 3 Total 114 59.25
A total of 114 building structures and 37 farms plots will be displaced. In addition to this 10 farm plots are likely to be affected by detours and campsites. The Resettlement Plan of the project road belongs to Category B of the World Bank's resettlement processes.
Legal framework. Both the Land Act, 1999 and the Government Standing Order on expropriation for public utility prescribe that the holders of occupancy rights on the land estates pre-empted for the works must be compensated and assisted to relocate their assets in the nearest suitable place. Most expropriation disputes in similar projects are due to disagreements oni the value at which the estate and its improvements are to be compensated. The compulsory resettlement of constructions, farms and business premises must ensure at least equal compensation values, both to the legal owners and to those who have occupied the road reserve area disregarding the right of way. ' According to the law, the expropriated owner must be compensated with a price equal to the value that the "un-exhausted improvements" (buildings, infrastructure, plantations, etc.) would fetch if sold on the open market. 2 The replacement value is defined as the cost of acquiring a similar estate and putting up such improvements as those existing when evaluated. Allowance is made for age, state of repair and economic obsolescence. The compensation should cover: i) Market value of the real property (i.e value of un-exhausted improvements and land). ii) Accommodation allowance (i.e market rent of the affected building per month multiplied by 36 months). iii) Loss of profit allowance which is assessed by establishing Net Profit per month evidenced by audit accounts multiplied by 36 months. iv) Disturbance allowance which is calculated by the value of the land by average percentage rate of interest offered by commercial banks on 12 months fixed deposit at the time of loss of interest in land. v) Transport allowance which is actual cost of transporting 12 tonis of luggage rail or road (whichever is cheaper) within 20 km from the point of displacement.
Real estate compensation. According to current applicable legislation in Tanzania, the land has a value. The land owner with either a tile deed or customary ownership has to be compensated in cash for loosing the land for other development.. The Government will simply provide the resettled owner with alternative land plots of the same size in the nearest suitable location for both residential and business purposes. The resettled individuals have to buy the alternative plot for resettlement. Free plots are available close to the buildings and
1Equal also apply to illegal houses built inside the road reserve area. 2. Un-exhausted improvements i.e., those notfidlly depreciated, mean any quality permanently attached to the land, resultingfroin capitalor laborexpenditure by the holder of a Right of Occupancy.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 12 Techiniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary farms that will be removed from the road reserve area. The District Council authorities, in collaboration with Wards (Kata) authorities and village chairmen, will assist the resettlement of the displaced owners. TANROADS in collaboration with the government valuer has identified the holders of dislocated occupancy rights and estimated the value of such rights. The District Council in collaboration with the village government will provide plots to accommodate the displaced owners. The Ministry of Finance through TANROADS will liquidate the compensation sums using project funds.
Farmland compensation. Majority of the farmlands along Singida Shelui road section belong to the individuals. Only some are owned and managed by the village authorities under the supervision of the Local Government. The allocation of individual property rights at village level will be implemented as stipulated in the Land and Village Land Act, 1999. The farmers will enjoy individual occupancy rights allocated by Village Councils. Farmers are legally entitled to compensation for loss of lands, crops, not of grazing land or forest. However, a small sum can be liquidated by the project for the loss of rangelands in the borrow pits.
Planned resettlement process. The owners of the houses, businesses and farms pre-empted for road construction purposes have been identified by the present study in collaboration with the local authorities and community leaders. The government Valuer for fair and prompt compensation has conducted a detailed properties valuation. The people to be resettled will receive timely notice and will be paid the full amounts related to: - the value of the buildings and other physical developments, including the graves whenever they are attached to the homesteads according to local customary law - transport allowances for persons and goods to the resettlement sites - the value of the lost business income for the period required to re-start it - the value of the lands and associated crops.
Notice to the resettled population. Displaced households and farmers will receive timely notice respectively to harvest the fields and salvage the frames, iron sheets or glasses from the buildings. Contractor Clauses will ensure that notices are readily served and discomfort is allayed. Village chairmen will allocate new plots to the isolated building owners and farmers inside the same villages, offering equal chance to exploit traffic-related business. The Town Planning Officers of Singida Rural and Iramba Districts will draft the urban resettlement plans for the collective relocation of the buildings of respectively Msisi Village and Shelui -Nselembwe Trade Center. The Agricultural Extension Officer of Singida Rural District will prepare the resettlement plan for the fanming community dislocated along Iguguno bypass. Both the urban and the agricultural resettlement plans will be drafted and the land made available before the houses are demolished and the farmlands destroyed.
Problems to be avoided. Even though free plots are available in road-side villages, the relocation process may become a sensitive issue. In similar projects, expropriation disputes stem from disagreements on the value at which the estate and its improvements are to be compensated. The, the property valuer has worked out the schedules to cover displacement costs before road works start. 3 This will improve the public perception of the project, reducing local resistance. To avoid mismanagement of compensation money, the relocation scheme should be countersigned before payment, enabling the displaced person to reconstruct his property as soon as he receives the money.
3Substandardhouses may exist niear the road and they may collapse due to plant vibrations during the works.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 13 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Sum mary
9. Costs and Budget for RAP
Individual Resettlement cost has four main cost components, corresponding to: * The value of the building and ancillary structures or improvements to be destroyed within the right of way * The value of the business activities interrupted by the project * The value of land/farms to be affected by the project * The relocation costs, including transport and the new plot where the building will be reconstructed and the business premises re-established
(a) Value of the buildings: The Government Valuer in collaboration with District and Village authorities and the concerned house owners, has estimated the value of the buildings to be demolished. The estimates comply national legislation on the compensation and World Bank Operational Directives.
(b) Compensation of business activities interrupted by the project: if a building is used for commercial purposes, the daily turnover have been estimated in order to compensate its loss for a given period, in addition to the compensation for the buildilg structure and the transfer to other suitable premises. Taking into account existing laws and regulations a profit of 36 months has been calculated for business compensation..
(c) Compensation for land/farms - The land/farmlands to be affected by realignment, detours, borrow pits and quarries will be compensated according to the Land Act 1999
(d) Relocation costs: It include transport and accommodation allowance. Transport costs will be minimal, as all families and businesses will be relocated in the same village or urban center. Transport costs can be compensated as stipulated in Land Act 1999.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 14 Techniplan2 Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Aninex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Stummary
The overall resettlement costs is estimated at TSh. 516,542,000.00 equivalent to US$ 516,600.00. The components for this resettlement are categorized as follows:
- Compensation and resettlement of 114 buildings in the design right of way for a cost of TSh.128, 250,000.00 (a sum adequate for the typology of buildings to be relocated under the National legislation and WB rules for "full replacement cost");
- Compensation 3 acres farmlands to be affected by detour and camp sites at a cost of Tsh 1,500,000.00
- Compensation for range lands at a cost of Tsh 500,000.00
- License for mnining building materials at a cost of Tshs. 5,000,000.00
- Fee to the local government for building materials at a cost of Tsh 20,000,000.00
- Monitoring and evaluation of RAP at a cost of Tshs 7,500,000.00
- Relocating of utilities at a cost of Tsh 320,000,000.00 Electricity - 170,000,000.00 Water Supply - 100,000,000.00 Telephone poles - 50,000,000.00
- Contingency (7%) at a cost of Tsh 33,792,500.00
Summary budget of resettlement components of the project (in Tanzanian Sh.)
Component Resettlement costs Buildings, business and farmnlands 128,250,000.00 Detours 1,500,000.00 Rangelands 500,000.00 Relocation of public utilities 320,000,000.00 Mining License 5,000,000.00 Fee to the local govemment for 20,000,000.00 building materials Workshops, meetings and M&E: 2,500,000.00 Funds for Local NGOs efforts 2,500,000.00 Funds for external monitoring 2,500,000.00 Sub-total 482,750,000.00 Inflation and contingency factor (7%) 33,792,500.00 GRAND TOTAL 516,542,500.00
10. Institutional Framework and Organizational Responsibilities for RAP ]lmplementation
This section provides (see Table ..below ) a list of all agencies and institutions involved in each step of the resettlement process (preparation, appeals, implementation and monitoring). The experience of the majority of the actors involved seems to adequate to the tasks to be calTied out and therefore no particular capacity building measures are required.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 15 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EMA, SIA & RIA Executive Suninary
As soon as the RAP is cleared and finalised, Tanroads will formally disclose it to the affected people. For this purpose, Tanroads will organize 10 sessions, one in each of the Administrative Village Areas crossed by the road. The sessions will be chaired by the RAP specialist of Tanroads and attended by representatives of the higher territorial hierarchies (Districts and Division/Wards). Adequate display materials will be utilized.
TANROADS will provide to the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development: (a) the topographic maps at scale 1:2000 of the design road reserve area, and: (b) a report on the buildings and farming plots which presently exist within the design right of way. TANROADS will also prepare the list of the occupants dispossessed by the project, specifying their rights of occupancy and the assessed value. The Local Government (i.e District Councils) will dispatch the dislocation notices to the concerned households and farmers.
The Ministry of Finance through Tanroads will disburse the compensation funds to the district council to pay the communities eligible for compensation.. After the effect of the compensation and resettlement the communities will be given two months for resettlement. TANROADS will then authorize the Contractor to start demolition works.
It was found that the effective NGO in the area is World Vision. The NGO will assist in raising public awareness on resettlement and facilitate local community participation in RAP implementation. The NGOs will also participate in conflict resolutions.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 16 Tech niplan Singida-SheluLi Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Summary
RAP Institutional Framework and Organizational Responsibilities Steps Agencies involved Activities to be carried out Provide the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development with: a. Topographic maps at scale 1:2000 of the design road Tanroads reserve area a. Report on buildings and farming plots existing within the right of way b. Valuation report approval Ministry of Land and Human Approval of the valuation report Settlement Development Concerned administrations: Identify, allocate and make available the alternative plots as follows: Identify and allocate alternative plots for building RAP Preparation Village Chairmen ownwers, farmers inside the villages and businessmen within Singida Rural and Iramba Districts Town Planning Officers of Draft urban resettlement plans for the collective Singida Rural and Iramba relocation of the buildings of Msisi village and Shelui- Districts Nselembre Trade Center Agricultural extension Officers of Prepare the resettlement plan for the farming community Singida Rural and Iramba dislocated along Iguguno bypass, borrow pits, detour and Districts camp sites and minor realignments Ministry of Land and Human Dispatch the dislocation notices to the concerned Settlement Development households, businessmen and farmers
TANROADS Organize and maintain regular and final meetings during RAP preparation
Hear complaints of a DPs and attempt to effect a Local NGOs resolution during community or traditional meetings before the complaints enter the administrative appeals hierarchy. Grievance and Wards Authority Receive and give solution to grievances before Grievance andr appeals District Council (Land Officer and Agricultural Officer) Receive and give solution to grievances before
Regional Engineer of TANROADSRegionAl Receive and tgive solution to grievances before District Court Receive and give solution to grievances before Concerne. nadmi Deliver to the dislocated persons the aareed compensation sums and the new land plots Local Government Built urban infrastructures for the new plots TANROADS Authorize the Contractor to start demolition works RAP TANROADS RAP implementation and organization of meetings with Implementation communities and affected people F LeandenfrmalsVill Participation to the RAP implementation meetings Leaders C Ensure viable community participation and proper Local NGOs communication between affected persons and Tanroads officials
Monitorin.and M& E Committees composed of: (a) Identify problem cases ensuring they are dealt with Evalation (ng Departments of Lands, Eval6ation (duriog Ariculture, Livestock, Forestry (b) Contribute to the database forming part of the overall the o p and Social Affairs, Tanroads' evaluation of the resettlement program implemntatio and Regional Engineer (as Secretary) (c) Ensure proper participation of DPs in the RAP implementation and process. beyond) Local NGOs Ensure proper participation of DPs External monitoring Perform independent monitoring and evaluation tasks
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 17 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annlex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Executive Sunmnary
1i.Conclusions and recommendations
Taking into account that the project will displace just a total of 114 buildings and 37 farms, the Resettlement Plan of Singida -Shelui road upgrading project belongs to Category B of the World Bank's resettlement processes.
It is recommended to carry the resettlement and compensation plan according to the budget figures proposed in § 6 and 7 above.
Executive summary Annex 8 - S. 18 Techntiplant Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part I
Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA
Part 1 THE ROAD AND ITS ENVIRONINMUENT
Annex 8 - Part I Annex 8 - 1 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design, Final Report: A,inex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part I
Annex 8 - Part I Annex 8 - 2 Techniplant
Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Annex 8 - EIA1, SIA & RIAi Part1
Part 1. The Road and its Environment
1. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
1.1 Terms of reference
The Terms of Reference of the study stipulate that "an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA) shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Financing Agency as part of the feasibility study" (Art. 111.7).
The study has followed the environmental and social impact assessment methodologies recommended by the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) of Tanzania and by the World Bank. On this basis, the study deals with:
I. The physical and social environment of the design road, see Part I II. The Environrmental Impact Assessment (EIA), see Part It III. The Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA), see Part III
1.2 Work carried out
Four specialists 2 on ecosystems and human thematic areas, including environment and social impact assessment and resettlement - have carried out the assignment in January - February 2000 and in August-September 2001, through the following data collection and processing operations:
i. Review of reference documents on the policy, legal and administrative framework of environmental and resettlement issues
ii. Field survey of the ecosystems and human habitats in the road influence area, with the detailed enumeration of all sites of natural interest, as well as the detailed inventory of all buildings and farm plots impacted by road works and road use'
iii. Data collection on the cultural heritage and archaeological relics located in the road influence area, based on the documentation of the Project World Alchives of Rock Art financed by the Italian cooperation in Singida Region in 1996-97 3
iv. Collection of statistics on wildlife, hunting, wood cutting, rural production and other indicators related to the environmental and socio-econoinic trends of the project area
v. Valuation of the constructions and farmlands impacted by borTow pits, road realignment,' new Iguguno bypass, and the enforcement of the rules protecting the 50mn-wide road reserve area.
i See Terms of Reference in Appendix A 2 Mr. Luigi Maccioni, ecologist, Mr Giovanni Conso, regional planner, Mr. Ezio Moriondo, RIA econonmist, Mr Kassenga, ecologist. 3 See details in Appendix G
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vi. Detailed definition of the compensation measures for the constructions and farmnlands affected by road works
vii. Investigation of the environmental impact of the present road in both the urban areas (air pollution through dust and exhaust emission, safety issues), and rural areas (bush fires, wood cutting) and in terms of traffic accidents.
viii. Investigation of the environmental and social impact of the future road construction and use, highlighting the positive and negative aspects on short, medium and long term.
ix. Contacts with the central and local environmental authorities, community leaders and NGOs, to assess their perception of environmental and resettlement issues, as well as their willingness to participate to environmental protection initiatives.
x. Weighing of the positive and negative impacts of the project, to define the measures for enhancing the former and offsetting the latter.
xi. Formulation of the Environmental and Resettlement Action Plan, defining the institutional responsibilities to be mobilized in order to carry out the recommended measures.
1.3 References
Previous study. The environmental study prepared by Rites and M-Konsult JV in 1996 proposed measures to mitigate the impact of road construction and control the depletion of wildlife caused by denser settlements or increased tourist presence after the upgraded road is opened to service. In particular, the study emphasized the need to promote forest conservation and tree planting schemes across the project area. The related cost estimates were provided. Moreover, the study indicated the resettlement implications of the construction of a bypass at Iguguno urban area, advising the compensation program.
Cartographic references: - topographic maps at scale 1:5,000 of the existing and alternative routes 4 - air photographs at scale 1:30,000 of the year 1991 - stanclard topographic map at scale 1:50,000 of Singida Region - administrative map at scale 1:200,000 of local Districts, and: - thematic maps on vegetation and land use at scale 1:200,000 5
1.4 Study approach
The present study follows the guidelines of the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) and the Environmental Department of the World Bank 6. Accordingly, the impacts are categorized in relation with: a. their relations with the project: direct and indirect impacts b. environmental receptors: ecosystems, human habitat, cultural heritage c. the timeframe: short, medium and long-term impacts.
A. Direct and indirect impacts: public works of the size and nature of Singida Shelui road exert direct short ternm iMpacts usually limited to the construction period. Direct long-term
4 The topographic maps have been prepared under thle present project, see Volutme 2 5 Preparedby the ForesiryDepartmenit and the ULiversity of Dares Salaam 6 See "Environmienital Assessment Soturcebook"
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impacts appear during and after construction, related especially to increased traffic volumes. Incdirect impacts stem from multiplier effects on ecosystem and human habitat, induced greater accessibility throughout the road influence area.
B. Environmental receptors have been divided into three categories: - niatutral ecosystems: forests, grasslands, swamps, with their wildlife resources - humizan habitat, focusing upon the farmlands, rangelands and constructions affected by road realignment (dislocation and resettlement) - cutltutral heritage: pre-historic and historic relics located in the road influence zone and sensitive to traffic increase or other changes induced by the project. The upgrading of Singida Shelui road will impact upon nature, particularly in its western part, across the proposed Sekenzke Forest Reserve and Wembere wetlands (proposed Weinbere Ganie Reserve), a nesting place for birds migrating between Afi-ica and Europe. Wembere valley has world relevance for bio-diversity conservation. Resettlement impacts, by contrary, will be negligible. The cultural heritage will not be affected by the road project. Thanks to the road, by contrary, they can be developed for education and tourism.
C. Timeframe: the expected environmental impacts have been projected over time in order to phase the remedial measures. Six stages have been scheduled: i. Environmental engineering design (year 2001-03) ii. Environmental protection during the project implementation phase (2003-07) iii. Expropriation and.resettlement (2003-04) iv. Traffic management after opening of the road to traffic in 2007 v. Construction of complementary infrastructure (2007 onward) vi. Ecosystem protection across the Road Influence Zone (2007 onward) vii. Enhancement of the environmental benefits of the project (2007 onward).
Table 1.1 overleaf displays an overview of the expected direct and indirect impacts generated by Singida Shelui Road Upgrading Project, specifying the environmental and social receptors, the sources of impact and the related time frame.
1.5 Layout-of the report The present study is divided in three parts, namely: Part I deals with the present environment of the Road Influence Zone, describing its natural and human features and how they are affected by the existing road and traffic. Part 2 highlights the expected impacts of road workls and fiture road utse on the ecosystems, wildlife, human habitat and heritage. It predicts which datnages would occur if no preventive measures are taken and suggests a detailed mitigation program Part 3 presents the Resettlement Impact Assessment and recommends the expropriation and compensation procedures. At the end of the Report, seven Appendices (A to G) present the detailed background information on which the EIA, SIA and RIA are based, including an analysis of the policy, legal and administrative framework and the basic environmental and social indicators of the Road Influence Area.
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Table .]I Potential environmental annd social impacts of Singida Shelui road project
. RECEPTOR
1.-- . SOURCE OF
TlME-FRAME AND NATURE OF IMPACT IMPACT IN E3 n PROJECT m ' . LIFE-CYCLE ., e
A.1- Direct impacts: short-term negative I Erosion from fresh roads cuts, sittng_o twatercourses o o 2 Destruction of vEetation and wildlife, loss of ag cltural and range laon 3 __Water and soil pollution ______o 4 Construction of detours and haul roads Road a o 5 Environmental, social disru cnbyonstruction camps _ _ - upgrading a 6 Loss of human habitat works o 7 Noise and vibration (2003-07) 8 Deterioration of air quality o A.2 -,Direct impacts- short-term positive
I Empt!yrnent generated by thjct oo _r 2 Local SME activities related to sub-contracting of work components _
3B.1- D)irect impacts: long-term negatiye. (works & road use) * .
I Landscape deterioration by land take and earthworks _ 0 _ 2 Material borrowing_andquary.in Rd works 3 Creation of breedinm habitats for disease vectors (2004-07) 0 4 Surfacejiroundwater pollution, interference on overland/subsoil dainage . 5 Soil erosion and sedimentation a 6 Noise, vibration and dust, deterioration of air aualitv R ______a _ _ _ ~~~Road use ___ 7 Road safety hazards and livestock kills due tO traffic and speed increase (2007 o _ 8 Dislocation and compulsory resettlement due to road realignment onward) 0 0 B. 2- Direct impacts:-long-term positive'
I Borrow pits n4uapes transformed in pe-nent water points o 2 Better maintenance of social and environmcntal infrastructure _ C.1 - Indirect impacts: long-term negative I In-migration, increased land pres, spread of extensive agriculture o o 2 Unplanned, illegal timber cutting, excessive land clearing ___ Rod u o 3 __Aggravat L______a __o______a______s and weed transmission corridors andoa traFfictae -_ o _ _ 4 Loss of cultural identity and sense of locality ______i 5 Spread of unsocial and criminal behavior (2007 C.2 - Indirect impacts: long-term positive ' onward)
I Economic growth 0 2 Development of tourisimi and recreation o o 3 Improved community services o
The overview provides a guideline for the consultation of the rest of the report.
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2. THE PROJECT ROAD
-2.1 Locationi aind characteristics
Singida Region is located in central Tanzania7 (see Figure 1). The project road is an all- weather gravel road, connecting the regional headquarters westward with Shelui town at the border with Tabora Region, across 110 km of central Tanzania plateau. Singida Town is a vital transit center between Dar es Salaam, two major lakes (Victoria, Tanganyika) and land- locked countries as Rwanda, Burundi and easternl Congo. The road section also serves local growth centers as Msisi, Iguguno, Misigiri and provides a link to the District Headquarter of Kiomboi, 25 km off Misigiri junction.
Figure I - Road location
Due to the hazardous crossing of the .,ir d Rift Valley at Sekenke Escarpment
(km 87-99) the project road is a , rL'i; .: 7a! i dangerous (20 severe accidents per year) and is considered the real bottleneck of the national trunk-road . ,. ' "' ( ; corridor it belongs to. 8 1 41 .,~~~~~~~~~~~4
For this reason, just 280 vehicles per . ' . day presently ply Singida - Shelui road section (two-ways). Traffic is a constantly declining since 1991, due ;, - to poor maintenance and the deterioration of driving conditions. - The existing road spans three sub- l,, sections: . r . S,t,;r- ;2.., , .| ~~~~~.J, . 'I
Table 2.1 Sub-sectionis of the toad
Sub-section of Chainage Length (km) Present ADT the project road fr km to km m)
I Singida-iguguno -I 33 34 153 2 Iguguno-Misigiri 33 75 42 154 3 Misigiri-Slhelui 75 108 33 123 Total and average -l 108 109 140
Source: traffic counits of the present stutdy (1999)
7 Between longitudes 331 275" and 351 26' east, latitudes 3152' and 7134' south. Singida town is 700 kinfrom Dar es Salaam, and 330 ki fromn the capital Dodoma. 8 The project road belongs to Trunk Corridor2, Dar es Salaamn-Mwanza (see Fig. I in Part 4). 9 In theffuture, the road'sZero Point will be displaced one kmt toward the town center.9
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Albeit part of the national trunk network, the project road is a low-traffic artery. Multi-axle trailers and oil tankers prevail, bound to Burundi, Rwanda and Congo. Lighter vehicles serve Mwanza, Shinyanga and other national destinations. The project road is flanked by one of the major stock routes of East Africa, which increases maintenance problems.
Table 2.2 Environmental landscapes traversed by the project road
Sub-section Landscapes
Terrain mostly flat, with gentle downward slope NE to SW. Farms (subsistence crops) and rallow lands intermingled with residual wooded savanna formations stretch on Singida. iguguno both sides, up to 40 km away from the road axis. Overgrazing is widespread and I ngida -Iguguno herds graze farmlands after harvest. Wildlife is scarce - also due to excessive hunting in the so called "Open Areas" where game is not protected - and tends to concentrate in and around Singida and Kiari lakes, exploited by a growing fishermen population. Bush fire risks are obviously low.
... Iggn ii Terrain generally flat. The landscapes, similar to Sub-section 1, show lower human 2 Iguguno - Misigiri pressuLe on natural resources (residual forest groves and wetlands).
The Link - which joins Singida and Tabora regions through the Rift Valley and Wembere swampy lowlands (10 km) - is the richest in natural landscapes. Farmiands mainly lie to the north of the road until the escarpment, while wetlands and 3 Misigiri - Shelui compact forests prevail to the south. The escarpment itself is covered with forests. In Wembere basin - whiich has international significance as a breeding ground for birds migrating between Europe and Africa - the road runs for i0 km on black cotton soil and will be raised to avoid flooding.
Altogether, the landscapes traversed by the road have been profoundly altered by the action of man, exerting high pressure on timber and grazing areas all over the road influence area, except part of Sekenke escarpment.
2.2 The road upgrading project
2.2.1 Overview. The project will upgrade the road to bitumen standards. The existing geometry is inadequate, with sharp curvature and an average of one horizontal curve per kin, jeopardizing safety (see Figure 4 of Part 4). Maximum cut height (10 m) and fill (12m) occur in the escarpment link, which also has substandard curves, with gradients as steep as 12%. Accident prone, the link has claimed many lives and loss of property. Realignments and earthworks will improve curvature and gradients. Design improvements include: - geometric widening of the road to 10 meters - a double-surface dressed pavement, with a 2.5% camber to bitumen standard, a two-lane, 6.5m-wide carriage way and 1.5m shoulders on both sides - a road reserve corridor of 45m - cross-drainage structuLres, intersections, road appurtenances - a design speed of 100 kmph, with a design vehicle-capacity of 1300 vehicles/day, up from 280 in the year 2000. The road has a 20-year design life.
2.2.2 Alignment. The design route will overlap with the existing route for 86 km out of 110. Where the old alignment is confirmed, small adjustments will enable technical parameters and safety standards to be complied with, smoothening both horizontal curves and vertical profiles while minimizing intrusion on property and environment. Through the Rift Valley, the project will rehabilitate the road constructed in 1995 and destroyed by the flood in 1996. The residual cuts and embankments will be re-used and the eroded slopes consolidated.
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2.2.3 Bridges and culverts. The hydrologic study has estimated the design peak flows for all the 35 discemible watercourses crossed by the project road. A 100-year return period has been adopted. The project will reconstruct Msisi River Bridge (km 20), build a new bridge in Iguguno bypass and rehabilitate two bridges on Iguguno River on the existing alignment. Six new viaducts will be built across Kinkungu River Gorge through Sekenke escarpment. More than half of the existing culverts require reconstruction and adaptation to suit the new 10m- wide embankment. Additional culverts will be built using metal pipes, easy to maintain. 2.2.4 Road-side drainage. Along most of the existing road, inefficient drainage has resulted in severe erosion, with large ditches and even indents into the embankment. Though 70% of the road has longitudinal drains, only 45% are functioning. No provision exists for open drainage systems through congested urban areas like Singida, Iguguno and other major settlements traversed by the road. Such drawbacks affect travel time and jeopardize safety, especially after rainstorms. Stagnating road-side waters are a breeding habitat for pests and disease vectors. High performance drainage systems designed by the project will dispose of storm water runoff. The project will install side drains all along the road. They will be dug and compacted on both sides parallel to the road centerline. Catch water or cut-off drains will be installed clear of the road to intercept runoff before it hurts the embankment. Erosion control will target sensitive cut slopes and sub-basements. Control methods will feature drain paving, soil stabilization with cement, planting of vegetation, etc.
* * *
3. THE TERRRITORY INFLUENCED BY THE ROAD
3.0 Scoping of the road influence zones The study has considered two concentric road influence zones, namely:
- Road Reserve Area, 45 m wide, along the design route, for a total surface of about five square km (see § 3.1): this is the area which will receive the most intense physical and economic impact of the road works
- Wider Project Area, that coincides with the "National Traffic Basin" of the road and covers about 8,340, within which an area of about 5,000 sq kin, equivalenit to a corridol stretching some 25 km on each side of the road, will absorb the broader environmental and socio-economic impacts (§ 3.2):. There is very little published information about the two influences zones. All official data regard Singida administrative region (49,341 sq km) and its Districts, three of which are actually traversed by the road (see § Table 3.3 below)..For this reasons, it is convenient to introduce the notion of "Project Region", comprising the three Districts served by the roaid and covered by the published sources of information. In fact, some basic data on the project's influence zones are taken from District records and adapted to shed light on the situation of both the Road Reserve Area and the Wider Project Area. More generally, the description of the Project Region is useful to basic a basic understanding of the physical ancl socio-economic profile of the road influence areas. Despite the vast potentially affected areas considered by the baseline survey, the identified impacts are actually limited largely to the road reserve area and its immediate environs.
3.1 Road Reserve Area (RRA, 45 m wide) 3.1.1 IHouses, farms, stock-route and power line. The Road Reserve Area will be 45-meter wide, 22.5 meters on each side of the centerline. The present study has accurately inventoried all the constructions and farm plots existing in the futuire RRA. Moreover, an
Aninex 8 - Part I Annex 8 - 9 Techntiplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part I
important stock route utilizes long stretches of the RRA. The power line of Tanesco follows long stretches of the design alignment but beyond the limits of the road reserve area.
3.1.2 Vegetal landscapes and land utse along the road. As shown in Figure 3 of Part 4, the road crosses different vegetal landscape patterns along his length. Table 3.] Vegetation pattents along the road
No. Vegetal landscape km I Closed woodland 6 2 Open woodland 6 3 Wooded grassland 8 4 Woodland with scattered cropland 4 5 Bush land with emergent trees 2 6 Bush land with scattered cropland 23 7 Grassland with scattered cropland 30 8 Mixed cropping 24 9 Swampland vegetation with crops 7 Total 110
Farmed or fallow fields flank 85 km out of the 1 10 of the project road. The latter are covered by derived bush-type vegetation, not particularly prone to fire. The areas exposed to bush- fire and deforestation risks are the woodlands from km 79 to 83. The Kinkungu River route crosses a dense forest, to be protected from fire propagation. As fire control services do not exist in the area, prevention systems must be incorporated in road design and construction, including green ban-iers with fire-resistant tree species when the road splits dense forests.
3.1.3 RRA in protected areas. The present road crosses, for about three km, the proposed Sekenke Forest Reserve, which covers 34,200 ha in the Rift Valley. The forest, characterized by nmiombo woodland and some African Blackwood, is the habitat of wild mammals and prevents soil erosion. There are also proposals to create protection areas for migrating birds which nestle in Wembere swamps. '° In such sensitive environment, the project will line the road reserve area with tree plantations to reduce noise and curb air pollution (see § 11. 1.4).
3.1.4 Crossings of settlements. The existing road splits a dozen villages and one Trading Center (Shelui Nselembwe at km 91), as shown in Figure 9. The new bypass off Iguguno town is mapped in Figure 13. Some houses will be dislocated for road upgrading purposes.
Table 3.2 Settlements traversed by the road
Link Major centers Total urban Link centersMajor population 1. Singida-Iguguno Singida Town, Manga, Msisi, Milade, Iguguno 140,000 2. Iguguno-Misigiri Tumuli, Maluga, Kyengege, Kitukutu, Ulemo, Kizaga 19,000 3. Misigiri-Shelui Misigiri (junction to Kiomboi town) 6,000
Iguguno, Ulemo and Misigiri are fast growing centers and road safety measures are required. Shelui town lies 5 km north of the project road.
3.1.5 Crossing of farming areas. Agricullural land use prevails between Singida and Misigiri. Afterwards, farming is constrained by swamps and low soil fertility. Annual
10See details in Part 3, Impact of Road Construction.
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subsistence crops dominate everywhere. 3.2 Wider Project Area (WPA)
The Wider Project Area is shown in Figure 8 of Part 4 of the present report.
3.2.1 Demarcation criteria. The geographic area that will absorb the environmental impacts of the road project is much wider than the Road Reserve Area. A range of transport indicators can be used to dimension the WPA, including:
Local transport: the project will intensify local traffic in the transport basin fed by the regional, district and rural roads branchinig off from, or intersected by, Singinda-Shelui trunk road. The "Local Traffic Basin" will be the core of the WPA. Trucks exporting crops from, or delivering goods to, the towns and villages gravitating upon the project road generate most axle load in such basin.
Trunk transport: when a regional or district road connects Singida Shelui with another trunk road, the WPAis assumed to cease at midpoint distance from the second artery.
Network interface: if the project road intersects another trunk road - as in Singida town - two influence areas partially overlap, as they hinge upon the same junction. In other words, the trunk transport basin is shared between the nearest trunk roads.
Using the proposed demarcation criteria, the Road Influence Area stretches over 8,340 kin2 , equal to about half the area of Singida Region.
3.2.2 Administrative set up. The Wider Project Area lies in Singida Region. The Region covers 49,341 km-2 and is divided into four administrative districts Table 3.3 Administrative inlits of Singida Region
Districts km2 Population Headqtiarters Cbnstituencies Divisions Wards Villages
1. Singida Urban 657 99,000 Singida I 2 13 19 2. Singida Rural 12,164 339,000 Singida 2 7 25 133 3. Iramba 7,900 353,000 Kiomboi 2 7 26 118 4. Manyoni 28,620 164,000 Maniyoni 2 5 21 76 Total 49,341 962,000 7 21 85 346
Souirce: Regional Cotmmissioner's Office, Sin gida (data referred to the year 1996) The Wider Project Area lies within the three Districts of Singida Urban, Singida Rural and Iramba and includes 14 Divisions or Sub-Districts(Tarafa), 64 Wards (Kata) and 270 Administrative Villages as detailed in Appendix C and illustrated in Figulre 9 (see Part 4). There is a long chain of authority in the Local Government, with three intermediate levels between the Regional Government and the Village Chairmen. Each administrative unit is ruled by its own Council, responsible for environmental and resettlement measures.
3.3 Plhysical environiment of the Wider Road Influence Area
The key ecological indicators of the WPAare reviewed below and detailed in Appendix B 3.3.1 Ecosystems. The project area is part of the Central Plateau Ecological Region, comprised between 1,000 and 1,600 m of altitude. It hosts a variety of ecosystems, ranging from permanent to seasonal wetland, dense and derived dry forests, savannah woodland and
1 ' Equal to 6% of the area of Tanzania Mainland. Singida borders on the regions of Ar-usha (north), Dodonma (east), Mbeya and Iringa (sotlth), Tabora (west), Shinyanga (northwest).
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grasslands. Human action - deforestation, hunting, overgrazing and nature-depleting extensive agriculture - has heavily modified all ecosystems. 3.3.2 Clintate. The valleys and the sheltered, western slopes of Iramba Plateau are hotter and wetter, while the uplands enjoy a pleasant climate despite strong dry-season trade winds. Maximum shade temperatures rise to 32°C in November-January and drop as low as 13°C in July, when the greatest excursions occur. Rainifall pattenis are bi-modal and the region is sermi-arid. The four local stations 17 indicate a diminishing rainfall 800 to 500 mm/year north to south, with a dry June-November season and storm peaks in March-April. The lowest values are recorded west of Manyoni district (500 mm), the highest ones on Iramba Plateau (800 mrrm). Evaporationi is close to 2000 mm annually, a bit higher in Singida district, ranging from 140 mm in April and 220 in October. Wind speed, highest in Singida district, gets quite strong in the dry season (May-October). 3.3.3 Relief and geology. Singida region occupies the northern part of the Central Plateau. A large plateau with an average elevation of 1000 m extends from the centre towards the south and south-west of Singida town. The landscape drops west-ward towards the Rift Valley and Wembere depression, while Iramba plateau rises to 1,600 m in the north-west. The road section slants from 1530 m in Singida town to 1075 in Shelui. Vast expanses of land, underlain by Precambrian rocks, have undergone weathering for millions of years resulting in ferricretes (laterite), silcrete ("cement") and clay layers. Geologically, the region consists of granite batholith rocks, peneplains and volcanic plateaus, featuring fertile clay loamy soils on top and sandy clay loams to pebbly surface materials down the chain. 3.3.4 Drainage. Six major rivers furrow the region, all seasonal except Ndurumo, which has an average discharge of 0.7 m3/sec. There are three lakes - Singida, Kindai, Kisingiri - with a total surface of about 300 km2. 3.3.5 Vegetation. Some 60% of the road influence area consists of sermi-arid plateaus with open plains and grasslands, sparsely farmed and heavily overgrazed (see Figure 5 part 4). Natural vegetation remnants, with varying tree densities, survive in the deeply cut valleys north of Sekenke. Further north, when the rolling granite country yields to the dissected western slopes of Iramba Plateau, vegetation becomes stunted, with confined patches of thorn thicket and matted undergrowth. Miombo - a vegetation complex of medium-height grass with acacia trees and a good sprinkling of Pterocarpus (nmninga), exploited for timber - covers most of the south-western quarter of the Road influence area. Residual forest massifs lie to the south-west of the road, protected by flood-lands not accessible through feeder roads. For this reason, feeder road development should be carefully planned once the Singida Shelui road is upgraded. Further west, Wembere Steppe alluvium features either open grassland or semi-open acacia-baobab bush. More luxuriant forests lie on the alluvial flatlands traversed by the lower Durumo and Kisukwani Rivers. Residual forest resources are under heavy pressure for timber and charcoal production. Table 3.4 Harvesting of forest resolirces in 1998 3 Month Timber m Firewood Charcoal Poles m Gum (kg) M3 bag Plssn u (g Value Sh January I 20 | 12,000 February 10 3.5 | 251,110 March - - - April I - 3 | 15,900 May 16 8 54.5 - 253,300 June 2 - 20 100 46,000 Juily 14.5 8 5 100 - 174,000 August 9.2 8 44 70 400 607,200 September 5.2 6 3 - 275,900 October 2 7 I 113,300 November 16 8 I 671,000
12Mkaia,na, Sekenike, Sin gida and St Leo Mission, south east of Singida
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December 6.5. | l I | | | 60,300 Total 81.4 45 156 270 400 2,480,300 Souirce: Forestry Departnent of Singida Local GovenZmenet The rate of harvesting of forest resources is on the decline. Endangered species can be found in the road influence area, including: Pterocarptus spp, Brachystegia spp. ("mkola"), Dalbegia spp.; and "miombo" types of trees as a whole. Figure 6 in Part 4 shows the residual natural forests of the project area.
3.3.6 Wildlife. The mammals found near the project road by the 1980 Game Enumeration, the last made by wildlife authorities, are listed below. Table 3.5 Mammals in the Road Infliuence Zonie
Animals Frequency Animals Frequency Baboons High Hartebeest Medium Dikdik H-igh Reed buck Medium Elephants High Roan Medium Grant Gazelle High Sable Medium Greater/lesser kudu High Warthog Medium Thomson Gazelle High Wild dog Medium Buffalo Medium Zebra Medium Duilker Medium Leopard Low Eland (big antelope) Medium Lion Low Giraffe Mediutm .. Sottrce: 1980 Gamne enittneration A lot of change has occurred since 1980. The field surveys of the present study have observed none of the above listed mammals near the road, except baboons. Endangered animals and birds include elands, buffalo, giraffe, wildebeest, lovebirds, and ostriches. Table 3.6 lists the main birds species found in the wider project area according to the 1980 Game Enumeration. The data may not be realistic now. Table 3.6 Birds in the neighborhood of Singida Shelui road
Bird type Population I Love birds Average 2 Ducks/geese Average 3 Francolins Many 4 Fowls Many 5 Ostrich Few Soiirce: 1980 Game eltumneratiotn i In Sekenke escarpment, which has denser forests, there is allegedly a greater frequency of wild animals, but only monkeys and birds were seen during the field surveys. Lions and leopards are reported to survive in some parts of the escarpment. 3.3.7 Openz Area hunting regime. There are no national parks or game reserves in the road influence area. The nearest ones are hundreds of km away (see Figure 7). Therefore, the wildlife areas of telTitory under study are subject to Open Area hunting rules, whereby hunting of most game species is allowed, with a simple payment of fees to the wildlife authorities. Wildlife Open A-eas include the south-western end of Sekenke Forest. Expanding human settlements have driven away most mammals and birds. Shelui area forms part of Wembere Plains, which harbors game habitats. Wembere plains joins Singida Open Area to form extensions of Muhezi Game Reserve, adjacent to Rungwa/Kizigo Game Reserve, used for tourist hunting. Mammals move south to Chaya near the railway in the dry season and come back to thickets and miombo during the rains. Table 3.7 Game hunlting data in Singida area, 1998
Animals Number Animals Number
Eland 22 Duilker 72 Buffalo 25 Dikdik 106 Hart beast 15 Fowls 43
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Gazelle 93 Ducks (bata) 74 Reed buck 38 Francolins 59 Warthog 17 Sour-ce: 1998 hunting statistics of Singida Region (exclutding touirist hunters) Regional Authorities have sent an application to the Government to create Sekenke Forest Reserve, an initiative to prevent soil erosion and safeguard wildlife.
3.4 Human environment of thc wider road influence area 3.4.1 Population. Singida Region hosted 1.1 million people in June 2000, according to the Consultant's estimate, based on projections of the official data shown below.
Table 3.8 Populationof Sinigida Region (1967-96)
Districts Population Annual growth rate 1967 1978 1988 1996 1967-78 1978-88 I. Singida Urban - 55,892 80,987 99,000 - 3,7 2. Singida Rural 193,819 213,732 285,092 339,000 0.9 2.9 3. Iramba 183,964 242,003 290,260 353,000 2.5 1.8 4. Manyoni 80,157 120,403 135,475 164,000 2.2 2,8 Singida Region 457,940 614,030 791,814 962,000 2.7 2.5 Tanzania Maiaulan d 11,958,654 17,036,499 22,533,758 28,396,000 3.2 2.8
Soturces. a) Popullation Census: 1967, 1978 and 1988, B) Official administrativefigures for 1996
The inter-census population growth rate of Singida region declined from 2.7% in 1967-78 to 2.5% in 1978-88, reflecting a simnilar slowdown in country-wide trends. The average household size increased from 4.1 % in 1967 to 5.3 in 1988.
3.4.2 Demographic structitre. Population is young: 46 % are under 15 years. The core labor- force group (15 to 64) is 49 %. Males outnumber females less than 15 years, while females 15-64 prevail, due to the out-migration of male workers. The dependence ratio is higher in Singida and Iramba than in other Districts, as fewer workers in the active group are supporting the rest of the population.
3.4.3 Population density. With 19.5 inhabitants per km2 according to year 2000 projections, density in Singida is much below the national average (30.1). In the road influence area, density is lowest in Nduguti Sub-District (18.8, see App. C).
Table 3.9 Populationdensity of Singida Region, 1978-96
District Km2 Population Population Density 1978 1988 1996 1978 1988 1996 estimate 1. Singida Urban 657 55.890 80.990 99.000 85. 123 151 2. Singida Rural 12.160 213.730 285.090 399.000 18 23 28 3. Iramba 7.900 242.000 290.260 353.000 31 37 45 4. Manyonii 28.620 102.400 135.480 164.000 4 5 6 Singida Regiont 49.340 614.040 791.80 962.000 12 16 20 TanzaniaMa,inloand 942.780 17.036.500 22.533.760 28.396.250 18 24 30 Source: Planninig Comunissiont analysis, 1996
3.4.4 Urban and rural population. The town dwellers of Singida Region are estimated at 180 thousand people, or 12% of the total residents. In the road influence area, the urban segment amounts to 165 thousand people, of which 126 in Singida town (year 2000). The rest lives in District headquarters and Shelui trading center.
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3.4.5 Ethnzic groups There are ten major ethno-linguistic groups in Singida Region, namely: Nyiramba, Nyaturu, Kimbu, Gogo, Isanzu, Taturu, Sukuma, Mangati, Barbaig and Hadzebe. The latter two, of Nilotic or Nilo-Hamitic descent, probably come from North Africa or the Nile Valley through the Sudan, Ethiopia or Somalia. The other ethnic groups are of Bantu stock originating from Lake Victoria, Congo and other areas, including Upare Mountains.
3.4.6 Econtomic activities anzd livinig standards. Agriculture employs 80 % of the manpower and yields 60% of the regional domestic product. Industry is confined to small-scale, agro- based processing and service-oriented handicrafts. Trading lacks wholesale facilities. Tourism is poorly organized. Despite low monetary incomes, however the region's economy does not suffer from acute poverty and the food balance is good, thanks to subsistence- oriented farming and livestock resources. Children do not seem to suffer from widespread malnutrition or diseases. Appendix C shows the key economic indicators of the project area. In the last years; economic growth has been slower in Singida than Arusha, Dodoma, Shinyanga and other regions. The lag is due, to a certain extent, to poor transport facilities.
3.4.7 Agriculture. The Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operative Development has divided Singida region into six Agro-Economic Zones, where farming systems are sufficiently similar to warrant the adoption of a single rural policy at District level (see details in Appendix D). The bulk of local crops is grown in soils of classes 1 and 2, overlying granite. Here and there, patches of ground overlain by non-laterized red earths (typical of class 3) are favored on account of greater fertility. Dry climate and poor soils constrain agricultural development in this part of Tanzania.
Table 3.10 Crops of Sinigida Region (1995)
Crop 000 ton -I Sorghum 155 2 Maize 51 3 Brown millet 21 4 Sweet potatoes 16 5 Cassava 5 6 Beans I 7 Paddy 0.7 8 Wheat 0.5 9 Cow-peas 0.5 Source. Statisticalyeatbook, 1999 Staple food crops - cereals, sweet potatoes, cassava, beans - represent 96% of the region's agricultural output, against just 4% for cash crops like tobacco, cotton and sunflower. The sale of market-oriented crops is hampered by high transport costs. 3.4.8 An2imal husbandry resources. Singida ranks second among the livestock raising regions of Tanzania. Its livestock resources are detailed in Appendix D. Animal husbandry is of the semi-nomadic type, with movements dictated by seasonal rainfall pattems. The region is also traversed by one of the major cattle routes, running parallel to the project road. Cattle, sheep and goats graze the grasslands on black calcareous clays. Despite the coarse type of grass, these animals are almost ubiquitous. Most grasses do not reach maturity, due to early grazing compounded by improvident cultivation. Overgrazing aggravates the already alarming pace at which soil erosion is spreading around. At the heads of the streams on the eastern and western slopes of the elevated fault-block of Singida and at their base, "badlands" erosion has cut up the ground into innumerable deep and narrow gullies.
3.5 Cultural heritage in the road intluence zone Singida region hosts prehistoric and historic relics, spanning more than 10,000 years (see Figure 10 in Part 4 of the present Annex). As far as the impact of public works is concerned, cultural heritage can be referred to in terms of Physical Cultural Resources (PCR).
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3.5.1 Pre-historic heritage. The earliest extant East African rock paintings are found in north-central Tanzania and the best-known sites are concentrated in Singida region. Cultural heritage authorities have inventoried - with the assistance of the Italian co-operation - more than 50 rock paintings and other prehistoric sites, including the so called Drum Caves. Stylized humans and isolated naturalistic animal figures are the most frequent motifs, shown either in outline or flat monochrome (see Figure 11 part 4). The naturalistic art tradition did not continue here into recent times as it did in South Afiica, and its interpretation is thus more problematic. Certain features, such as the frequency of eland representations, are common to both areas. Appendix G gives details on these important relics, providing the list of the prehistoric art sites discovered so far. Some sites could be affected by the present project, especially those located close to borrow pits and detour areas. In fact, some of the sites, as those of Kiomboi, lie within the Wider Project Road at about 20 krm from the selected route alignment, not so near the project road as to be exposed to the immediate hazards of embankment construction and other works. However, exposure to vandalism and other damage may increase after the opening of the new road to service and the consequent, greater access to the local traffic basin. Local communities should be mobilized to volunteer guardianship of the most exposed paintings. On the other hand, easier access to the region may facilitate the development of this cultural heritage for tourist and educational purposes. Some of the development costs might be supported by the project as part of the benefit enhancement package (see § 9.6). 3.5.2 Historic heritage. There are two officially classified historic sites in the study area. The first one, Iramba caves, is located in Ushora Village, southeast of Kiomboi town. These caves were utilized during the German colonial rule and are still used for traditional worship by the surrounding ethnic groups (Nyiramba, Sukuma, Kimba). The second historical site, Mkaramo Fort, is in Nduguti Ward, about 60 km from the project road. The fort was built during the German rule. Road improvement will enhance tourist visits to the sites, which now do not rank as tourist attractions.
However, the disconnect between the wide 'road influence zone' and the corridor of immediate impact results in this thread getting lost, for the impact assessment chapters (5 and 6) make no mention of any potential negative impacts on PCR, despite a clear and neat tabulation of short-term and long-term impacts during the construction phase, and direct and indirect impacts during the operations phase.
Although the location of the borrow pits seems to be already known (page 36, and Figure 12), the report does not clearly state where the cultural heritage sites are located in relation to the project, and what the anticipated impacts are likely to be, in terms of their nature and severity. (The map in Figure 10 is not clear enough for this purpose). Furthermore, no corresponding mnitigating measures are proposed, leaving the reader somewhat in the dark. No other type of PCR are addressed in the report.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE EXISTIlNG ROAD
The environmentally negative impacts exerted by the present unpaved road include: - deterioration of air quality - noise of vehicular movement, enhanced by low-speed driving - water stagnation in wet, dust in dry seasons - traffic accidents
4.1 Healtlh effects of current road use
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4.1.1 Pollution. Present traffic conditions, with heavy dLIst and exhaust emissions, may affect the residents along the road, causing lung and bronchial disorders. Dust clouds may also cause accidents by hindering visibility to drivers. Due to the lack of maintenance and consequent road deterioration in the last few years, however, traffic has declined almost 50%, curbing such negative impacts as air pollution and noise. 4.1.2 Health and water services. Poor access hinders the delivery of health services. Similarly, water supply suffers from lack of maintenance, compounded by transport. Local communities rely more and more on polluted water sources, adding to the dismal picture of human ecology in the project area. Appendix F presents basic data on the health situatioll.
4.2 Recent traffic accident rates The high accident rate at Sekenke escarpment is undoubtedly due to bad road conditions, as most accidents along the project road occur in that sub/section: Table 4.1 - Traffic accidents alonig Sin gida Shelui Road, 1989-99
Year Major accidents Year Major accidents 1989 16 1995 21 1990 21 1996 20 1991 18 1997 19 1992 12 1998 15 1993 23 1999 13 1994 17 lTotal 201 Source: traffic police records Since 1995, there the number of accidents has declined along the project road, from 21 to 13, due to less traffic (see study on Traffic Counts of the present project). Nevertheless, the accident rate has raised by almost 20% and has grown considerably faster than in other sections of the Central Trunk Corridor. Accident relief services are also insufficient, and victims in the escarpment link have to wait a long time before being attended by traffic police, ambulances and wreck hauling trucks.
4.3 Lack of ancillary road facilities The present road is not endowed with infrastructure suitable to sustain the expected traffic increase and its impact on economic activities. Major shortcomings bear upon: i. traffic police facilities in major towns ii. axle load control services iii. motor parks and land transport stations iv. organized parking areas for trucks at major stopovers v. workshop areas for vehicle repair vi. livestock markets and related hauling equipment vii. communication services for transport-related and safety management needs Lorries park on the catriage way due to lack of parking facilities at major village stopovers.
4.4 Ongoiing and projected trends of the road influence area
More than two thirds of the Road Influence Area shows a high degree of environmental degradation, due to woodcutting for timber and charcoal production, extensive farming, overgrazing,- bush fires and indiscrirminate huntinig in the Open Areas. Population growth and the spreading of farms over increasingly marginal soils aggravate the ecological deterioration. The declining trends of natural resources are reflected by a stagnant agricultural output. The residual natural resources and most of wildlife are concentrated in the south-western part of the road influence area, for two main reasons. First, vast swaths of land have low fertility. Second they are not easily accessible to trucks which transport fuel
Annex 8 - Part I Annex 8 - 17 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FitialReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part I wood to the urban markets, due to swamps and rugged relief (Rift valley). In dry flatlands, all arable land is exploited, wiping out most of the original vegetation.
As in many other parts of Africa, also in Tanzania the vegetal cover disappears at the same rate as classified road networks expand, despite the protection measures advised by EIA studies. Moreover, social poverty and environmental degradation tend to concentrate in and around the areas where infrastructure, especially transport facilities, are more developed. The demographic and econornic growth induced by the upgrading of Singida Shelui road section will result in higher pressure on residual forests for fuel-wood harvesting and charcoal production. The dwindling wildlife will face ultimate disappearance, except from the planned Wembere game reserve and Sekenke Forest Reserve. Desertification risks will increase in the higher plateaus, if adequate control methods are not introduced, along with farm intensification, agro-forestry and range management practices. Road upgrading can contribute to the strengthening of the extension networks, which should play a decisive role in promoting the diffusion of sustainable rural production systems.
:k * *
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Part 2
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Part 2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
5. ROAD WORKS:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 Plaiined road works
During the road construction phase, ecological hazards will stem from numerous work components, as quarries, detours and hill cuttings. In particular, the planned road works require the movement of a couple of millions cubic meters of materials, the reclamation of hundreds of hectares of road reserve area, the excavation of dozens of borrow pits and quarries and the use of 8,000 tons of fuel and lubricants, with the possible spilling of toxic liquids on the earth or in the streams. Moreover, road works Wvill displace farms and constructions (resettlement). Finally, the construction and dismantling of makeshift camps may alter the space sulTounding local villages. Most impacts will be direct, as they derive from site operations. The most hazardous road works are listed below.
Table 5.1 Indicative quantities of road upgrading works
Work item Unit Quantity
a Rehabilitation of road reserve (60 km) ha 600 b Land takes for realignments (22 kim) ha 220 a Borrow pits, quarries nr 45 2 b Borrow pits, quarries (surface) ha 350 c Borrow pits, quarries (extracted materials mi3 1,100,000 3 Raise of embankment - m 1,200,000
a Cuttings (volume) in 990,000 b Cuttings (length) km 28 b.1 Cuttings at Sekenke km 4.5 b.2 Cuttings in other links km 23.5 5 Pavement (local aggregates) m3 385,000 6 Bridges (new) nr 7 7 Culverts (rehabilitation and new construction) nr 150 8 Construction camps (four) ha 400 9 Detours and haul tracks (150 kmn) ha 90 10 Camps (4 for 150 workers each)) ha 400 11 Fuel, lubricants, liquid chemicals ton 8,000 12 Asphalt works ton 30,000
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5.2 Overview of the impact of planned road works
The planned road works will exert the environmental impacts summarized below:
Table 5.2 Expected environmental and social impact of planned road works
Short-term negative impacts
I Erosion from fiesh roads cuts II Loss of wildlife, farmland, habitat, PCR (road sites, quarries, camps) III Water and soil pollution IV Air pollution, noise, vibration V Safety risks VI Hlealth hazards
Short-term positive impacts
VII Employment and on-the-job training of local labour force VIII Sub-contracting of work components to SME
Long-term negative impacts
IX Landscape deterioration by quarrying, land take and earthworks X Obstacles to wild and domestic animal movements XI Water-borne diseases XII Surface/groundwater drainage obstruction and pollution XIII Soil erosion and sedimentation XIV Dislocation and resettlement due to road realignment
Long-term positive impacts
XV Semi-permanent water points (abandoned borrow pits, quarries) XVI Amenities along the route
The short-term impacts of road works will be direct in nature. Long-term impacts will be both direct and indirect.
5.3 Slhort-term negative impacts of road works
For two years, the contractor(s) will install camps and working sites, exploit quarries, open up detour and haul tracks. To mitigate their impact, the contractors must adopt the prevention and mitigating measures tabulated below, in italics.
I. EROSION FROM FRESH ROADS CUTS, BoRRow PITS AND OTHER WORKS
Expected impacts Recommenided mitigation measures
The project will treat the exposed areas with lervin soils usecessa ily eposed - stems f lolocal levn ol neesriyepsd-sesfo geocellsvegetation (see figutres using, 14 if necessary,to 17 par-t geoniats4). After or fills, hill cuts, haul roads, quarrying, leading to works, detour/haul tracks will be ripped up and silting of natural drainage ways. Annex-PartAnnex c 8topsoil rei2nstatedh.
Anniex 8 - Part 2a Annex 8 - 22 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2a
I SS. tD, Expected impacts Recomnmended mitigatioin uIeasui-es Crops, trees, topsoil will be cleared from the Apartfrom Weinbere basin (migratinig birds), n1o 45m road reserve, which already exists along 60 protected species is likely to be distuibed. km and is sufficient in major centers as Singida, Displaced animrtals will returin once works are Kizaga, Misigiri, Shelui. Fresh land take and over, or seek another habitat locally. As clearance is needed along 12 km of realignment vegetation is cleared along an existing road, the and 10 km of deep cutting or high fill.' Haul impact will be small. Farmers will be wariled to roads will be opened for wagons to shuttle harvest on tinle and comzpenisated to create new to/from pits, with extensive bush clearing. farms. Land is available near the villages, so the Camps and detours will also be created. Works harn shiould not be great.2 CIrops and planted will disturb wildlife close to the road. trees will be reinstated on comipletioll. Excavations and earth-fills may affect Physical Cultural Resources (PCR), as paleontological relics, graveyards, rock paintings The most important impact will be exerted by borrow pit and quarry excavation. Therefore, a special paragraph is devoted to this works item (see § 7.2) . , 1 ,; ,-. il1 \V A I'E AND'Si1-)lLPOILLUVIl-oN ,ll Expected impacts RecomluMended mnitigationi measurles Due to construction methods or accidental Bridges and culverts should be buiit in the dry spillage, works may pollute soil and water season, reducing harn. Waterfor constiuction especially at river and swamp crossings. Bridges ancd drinking will be drawn fronm borelholes Withl and culvers construction may discharge pumps, avoiding suspetisionis in surface waters. particulate matter and stir river bed deposits into Care should be takeni as borehole water is hard. suspension. While large suspended parts settle No long-termi imitpact on aquifers is expected, as quickly, the finer ones last longer, but turbidity works will not demnand exhaustive water will be short-lived since stream crossings are amounlts. Spillage offuel or chiemlicals is a risk, built in a few weeks. Drainage channels will be but spillages are likely to be local and dug to drain run-off from the road surface and remnediationi should be easy. Spillage to water its vicinity. In flat terrain, drainage channels couise is harmfil for all liviing beings. The will be prolonged claiming land take. In rolling contractor mrust exercise utmost care to avoid terrain, as off-side structures may erode the soil such hazaids. Careless beliavior will be causing pollution of water sources and lakes. sanctioned (see § 8.2.vi). The ,,,ost important natuiral vegetation complex in the project area is at the proposed Sekenke Forest Reserve, in the Rift valley, oni both sides of the proposed route. 2 Mitigationi and comnpensationfor loss of vegetation and cultivation are discussed in Parts4 and 5. Antnex 8 - Part 2a Annex 8 - 23 Technziplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2a IV. AIR POLLUTION, NOISE, VIBRATION Expected impacts Recommended mitigation measures To transpoit workers to/from sites, four camps The nuisance will be transient and good work will be built, occupying 400 ha. Heavy machines practice will curb it. Tlhe contractor must use will open detours or haul tracks and excavate makeshift materials to build the camps and ease pits. Plants and construction traffic will make displacement. Dust being is already an every- vibration and substandard houses closc to the day nuisance close to the existing gravel road. road may collapse. In dry weather, dust will Tlte contractor will advise local households on disturb local people. dust, noise, vibration and other dangers. V. SAFETY RTSKS Expected impacts Recommended mitigation measures Work sites are dangerous places. Children Plant operators must ensure that childreni are are vulnerable to and machinery. Public not allowed close to the machines. Accidents safety may be a problem in two areas: (a) are likely to occur to laborers. Effective The immediate vicinity of the plant; (b) the maniagemiienit of the camps adti working sites detours around working fronts, unfamiliar will prevent nuisance and accidents. Detours to drivers and of lower standards than and temporary haul tracks shall be well roads. There will also be additional traffic planned, signed and maintained to reduce on the detours for construction needs. safety risksfor drivers and pedestrians. VI. HEALTH HAZARDS DURING ROAD CONSTRUCTION Expected impacts Recommended mitigation measur es Road works expose laborers and the general Working fatigues are needed. Good camp public to bronchial and other pathological management includes first aid facilities and risks. HIV-Aids infection may also spread. HIV-A ids preventioni measures 5.4 Sliort-term positive impacts of road works Out of a total project cost of 50 million US Dollars, offshore costs will represent about 60%. National costs (20 m-Lillion US$) will be split about half and half between taxes and local costs. In Singida Region, 5 million US$ will be spent for both skilled and unskilled local manpower (1.8 rmillion) and supply sub-contracts (3.2 million). VII. EMPLOYMENT GENERATED BY THE PROJECT Expected impacts Recommnended enhancementt measures Road works will create job opportinities for Tlhe contractorshould brief workers on tiheir some 150 workers recruited on the spot tasks to prevent inherent risks. Tlhe along each particular road section, with the contractor will also be responsible for on- advantage of social harmony between the the-job training of semi-skilled labor force. workers and local communities. The influx Work certificates will be given to skilled and of labor will also increase commercial semi-skilled workers by the contractor and revenues, thanks to multiplier effects. the Labor Office upon good performance Annex 8 - Part 2a Annex 8 - 24 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2a vl\[. BENEFITS FR) LCC.\L SME Expected impacts Recomnmenzded enzhancemenit mleasur-es Part of the works will be sub-contracted to The Contractors will be given a roster of local locai enterprises, with economic spill-over SME by regional authorities. Internlationial benefits in terms of multiplication effects credit lines should be mlobilized in due and spread of construction know-how and advance to support local enltreprenieurial private sector capacity building, capacities in connection with the project. 5.5 Long-term negative impacts of road works If poorly managed or not complying with design specifications, road works may disfigure landscapes, harm wildlife and negatively affect land use. A-. L.ANDSC APE [)ETERIEIRAI;CIN B~ QU -kRRI ING,, L.-\ND TAKE. E.;ARTH%k0)I7RS Expected impacts Recommended mitigatiotn neasures The upgraded road will have a 45 m right of Design cut/fills nimize net materials import. way, totaling a land take of 820 ha along 82 Work methods will avoid visual impairment. km. The existing road traverses wetlands on Some borrow pits will be shaped into durable small embankments, which require raising for water reservoirs, witli raised edges and 50 km. New alignments involve cuts and fills. concave inner geomnetry. Tlhe other pits and Quarrying will clear vegetation, with unsightly quarries will be reinstatecd. Their iimpact effects. Disposal can destroy the economic and depends on the size of material reserves. aesthetic value of land. Borrow pits along the Contract Documients will specify disposal of existing road prove their damaging effects. spoil material not reusedfor embankmnents |.. OBST-XCLES Tt? \VILD ANCD DOMESTIC .A\NINIAL MOVEMENTS:- Expected impacts Recommended niitigationimleasures The embankment will create obstacles to The design and the works schedule foresee animals crossing the road. Weirs used to smnoothening of the enmbaniklmzenit slopes every 2 streamline the rivers may obstruct fish knm to ease passage of aniamls. Weirs will Iave movement along the streams openiings allowitgfish to mlove across thetmi. Annex 8 -Part 2a Annex 8 - 25 Techniplan 6ingica zfneiui ioac: uetailea engineering Jvesign Pitnal Report: Annex d - MIA, 51A & RIA Part 2a XII. SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE OBSTRUCTION AND POLLUTION Expected impacts Recommended mitigation measures The project area is prone to floods. In Wembere Road works interfere with water flow regimes. Swamps, water levels rose, during El Ni?io rains, Good design minimizes the impact via culverts half the height of power line pylons, more than 4 and cross drainage, which preserve equilibritim 3 meters. Embankments impound water across in surface and groundwater regime. Thus there swamps and seasonal flood plains, altering local will be no macro-hydrologic impact on the hydrology. Currently, storm water seeps through project area. The project will just modify sulface the gravel and earth structure and, due to a high water behavior in the immediate vicilnity of thle run-off coefficient approaching 1.0, pools at road. Design will ensuire controlled and road side. Although the surface water regime effective run-off dispersion. Thlere will be no will change near the road, no ecological harm impact on groundwater, as road upgrading will will occur, also thanks to low rainfall. not impounld water XIII. SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION Expected impacts Recommunended mitigation2 measures The road's tirst 90 km overlie erosive soils. Careful engineerinzg design and re-vegetation Storms wash away swathes even in gentle slopes will control erosion of embankment, drains anld obstructing streams or drainage channels and adjacent land. Improper works managemzent silting up surface waters. A poor drainage mnay spark erosion processes and scar adjacent system causes erosion and sedimentation along slopes. Erosion prevention measures foresee the existing road. Erosion also results from off- that all areas impacted by the works be re- road drainage and run-off from poorly managed vegetated using reinstated topsoil with local farms. Run-off erodes embankments, cuttings species as soon as the sites are closed. Local and borrow pits. Stream bed erosion scours the environmental authorities will inspect that sluch inlet and outlet of culverts. ruiles are complied witli. XIV. DISLOCATION AND COMPULSORY RESErFLEMENT Expected impacts Recommnended mitigation measures As most of the upgraded route will follow the Dislocation and resettlement will be addressed existing alignment, resettlement of farms and in the works phase, giving tilnely notice to houses will be limited. Most settlements are laid own2ers and carryinig out the compensation out in a well-planned manner on both road sides, procedure before the works are over. At least without encroaching the 45m right of way, equal standards of living will be ensured. The except in 22 cases identified by the process will be coordinated by the Ministmy of topographical survey of the present project. Lanlds and Hunan Settlement Development. 5.7 Long-ternm positive impacts of road works The road will be a major step in strengthening the Central Trunk Corridor. The project benefits will be fully felt when the whole Corridor is upgraded, including Dodoma-Singida 3In addition, conditions in the plains are bad, due to black cotton soil domrinant in the swamps. The existing road across Wembere is relatively in good shape due to stabilization andc utse of borrow miater-ials, but areas adjacenit to the road are in poor condition dute to prevailing black cotton soil. Annex 8 - Part 2a Annex 8 - 26 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2a Section. Meanwhile, local authorities will improve infrastructure and install additional facilities for a proper fallout of the expected benefits. '\\ .X. !V SEBII-PERNI.:ANENTSATERPOINTS.. . . Expected impacts Recommlienided enhlancemiienit imieasutres Abandoned borrow pits and quarries will tLrn Thle pits selected to be tranlsformed into wvater into semi-permanent water points for domestic points after use wvill be excavated according to a and livestock use, as request by local authorities. plan which foresees tlhe creationI of hiedged or The area is semi-arid and stockbreeders travel fenced rinig shoulders, a gebometric boowl slhape long distance to seek water. and impermzleable bottom X\V. AM.IENITIES -\LONG T-1HE I.OmL'iE Expected impacts Recommended enhancement mneasuires Traffic increase will stimulating local Basic facilities to be developed iniclude: (a) investment and trade. Public services will parkintg places at llmajor stopovers, (b) traffic become more diffuse and delivered at cheaper police facilities, (c) livestock imtarkets, (d) costs. The fallout of such benefits will however wvorkshop wit/li basic amyieniities, (e) Imiotor parks. be constrained by the lack of ancillary facilities Public services will nzeed to be strenzgthened to to receive additional traffic and sustain the offer promote toutrism, incluidinig hotels, haniidicrafts, of local products and private, public services. cultural evenzts anzd so forth 5.8 Impact of road works in the Rift Valley Through Sekenke escarpment, the works carried out in 1994-96 and destroyed by the flood of 1996 have already produced an environmental impact of Kinkungu River Road and no furtlher- impacts will be exerted by the present project in that area. The reuse of the residual embankments and of previous cuttings will reduce the cost and the environmental impact of the road variant through Sekenke escarpment. The construction of six bridges across Kinkungu River will not induce any additional negative impact. The bridges will be supported by thin pillars, which will not obstruct the water flow. Such solution will eliminate the embankments built by the previous project at the six crossing points with the Kinkungu river and will allow stream waters to flow regularly in their ordinary bed. The new earthworks will produce limited erosion along the variant alignment, thanks to the geo-mechanical properties of the rock and the consequent, good slope stability. Furthermore, the design retain and toe walls will curb erosion. To mitigate the landscape disfiguration created by embankments and deep cuts along Kinkungu river gorge, the project will incorporate an architectural design. The purpose is to "blend" the road with the landscape composed by forest hills. The project will replant the disfigured surfaces, using advanced road environmental techniques as illustrated in Fig. 14 to 17. Part 4. Deforestation is a long-term tlhreat to Sekenke ecosystem. The forest covering the Rift Valley on both sides of the selected alignment is reserved for conservation and catchment protection purposes. A number of endangered tree- species grow in the neighborhood of Kinkungu road variant, including: Pterocarpues spp. ("mninga"), Brachystegia spp. ("'mkola"), Dalbegia spp. ("mninga"), as well as the "rmiombo" tree formation in general. After the opening of the road to service, the forest will be exposed to excessive cutting by timber and charcoal dealers. To mitigate such impact in Sekenke, local authorities should adopt conservation measures based on participatory forest management (see § 6.3). Annex 8 -Part 2a Annex 8 - 27 Technziplan Singtda Shelut Road: Detailed Engineering Design PFinal Report: Annex 8 - E1A, SIA & RIA Part 2a 6. FUTURE ROAD USE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Traffic growth forecasts The project will intensify traffic along the trunk road section as well as in the local feeder road network. Traffic volumes are forecast to more or less double every ten years during the project's economic lifecycle. Table 6.1 Traffic projections on the upgraded road Year One-way ADT 1999 149 2010 376 + 152 2023 627 + 67 Through the feeder road network, traffic will penetrate lands hosting plants and animals of greater value to the society if left intact. Transport development will exert mixed effects on environmental receptors as air, soil, water and living organisms. Once opened to farning and grazing, virgin lands may face depletion risks. Positive and negative impacts will interfere with each other problematically and only the way the problems are handled will strike their final balance. Table 6.2 Overview of environtnental impact offuture road use DIRECT IMPACTS niegative I Hazards for livestock II Activation of disease, pest and weed transmission corridors problernatic III Pollution (noise, vibration, dust, gases) IV Road safety (accident hazards due to traffic and speed increase) INDIRECT IMPACTS n egative V Deforestation, destruction of wildlife problemnatic VI Increased demographic pressure, intensified land use positive VII Development of tourism and recreation VmII Improved community and environmental services Annex 8 - I'art 2a Annex 8 - 28 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2a All road use impacts - either positive or negative, direct or indirect - will be long2-term ones, unfolding over the whole economic life-cycle of the project. 6.2 Direct impacts of road use The direct impacts of additional traffic on the environment will be either negative or problematic. All of them are potentially long-term ones. In general, however, such impacts will not represent a severe deterioration as compared with the present situationi. .HAZARDS FOR Li.:,[S.OCK :.' I ,I1 liAD J 8 5U Expected impacts Advised mitigation measures Herds trek the stock route along the project road Speed linits, guard -ails, signalinzg of cattle Shelui to Singida and on to Dodoma, Arusha, market antd grazing areas will lhelp curbinlg Dar es Salaam. Some stopovers as Tumuli, accident risks. The collaboration of traffic Misigiri are cattle markets with many animals police, cattle market staff and local communities crossing the road. will be essential. 11.. AC1TVA\TIC)N OF rIR -NSMISSIOCN CORRIDOuRS oOF DISEASES. PESTS. WEEDS Expected impacts Advised mitigation measures The international status of the road will enhance Measures: enllaniced healthi care in urbani this impact. Congestion in roadside villages may ceniters, proper advertisinig, hygielne coiitrol intensify diseases as malaria, dysentery, (water, etc.). Target groups: drivers, caterers meningitis, measles, aids, or spark epidemics as Responsibilities: health services, local cholera, typhoid.4 comnmnunities |LM.- NOISE. V\IBRATION G \S ;E7r sioSN Expected impacts Advised mitigation measuires In dry weather, cars raise dust harming health. Speed limits anjd exhaust conitrols must be and vegetation. Vibration and gas emissions will enfo;-ced, especially in towns. Hedges, trees must increase the detriment for road-side houses, be planited along the road. Traffic police, forestiy pedestrians, cyclists, car passengers. staff, and road utsers nlust be mobilized 4Data on communicable diseases inthe districts traversed by the road are shown in Appendix F. Anlnex 8 - Part 2a .Annex 8 - 29 Techzniplazi Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2a IV. ROAD SAFETY HAZARDS Expected impacts Advised enhancement measures Accidents will be reduced by: (a) Rift Valley Required meastures: speed limits, control of the variant, (b) gradient/curvature correction, (c) use of lights at night, road signals properly sealed surface, and: (d) better shoulders for installed and maintained, traffic educationi in cyclists, pedestrians.5 Over-speeding induced by local schools. Target groups include: drivers better driving conditions may raise accidents. and students of primary and secondary schools. Severance perception will be heightened on Responsibilities will belong to traffic police, small road embankment or through shallow cuts. schzool teachers, NGOs, assisted by the Ministry Access to side streets could be difficult. 6 of Cornmnunicationis and Transport. 6.3 Negative or problematic impacts of future road use While road upgrading brings about great benefits in terms of access to potential farmlands, crop marketing opportunities and multiplier effects on regional rural revenues, natural resources often bear the hidden costs of such development. To curb such costs and achieve sustainable rural growth, environmental protection measures must be gradually phased in. V. DEFORESTATION, DESTRUCTION OF WILDLIFE Expected impacts Advised mitigation measures Bare lands line the road. Fuel wood cutting will Experience from road projects shows that speed up deforestation in the feeder road basin. surrounding areas undergo fast deforestation. Sekenke Forest Reserve will be encroached Forestry Services must be strengtlened, upon. Hunting will increase in "Open Areas". awareness campaigns laitched. VI. INCREASED DEMOGRAPHTC PRESSURE AND UNSUSTAINABLE LAND USE Expected impacts Advised en/hanceitment measures In-migration will raise pressure on land. Ribbon Town planniniig must be strengthened to prevent villages along the road will boost land price congestion just beyond the road reserve area. rises. Farms will be bought by traders. Albeit Ruiral co-operatives and credit lines should be consensual, such transactions will create assisted in order to sustain smallholcders and landless people, pushing marginal farmers to avoid excessive sale of farmland to commercial seek land in remote places and spreading fanning companies. Agricultural extension extensive, environment-hostile fai-m practices. netwvorks should also befortified. 6.4 Positive, indirect impacts of future road use Among the transport-depending activitids, those ones which deserve greatest attention in terms of supportive investments are tourism and public services. 5 Both pedestrians and cyclists use the road as important communnication and transportfacility. The benefits to non-mnobolised road users are probably as great as they are to vehicle users, thanks to the sealed road surface, the well engineered shoulders and the elitninatio,t of standing water. Road accidents are likely to increase after improving the road conditions. 6RecaMnmnendations to ensiure safety in settlements crossed by the project road are presented in Part 4 Annex 8 -Part 2a Annex 8 - 30 Techniplani - aSh3 ~ .oad:( 'led c ei-ii{j in - - .'- .- r:/- .- •2 - MaIe,rdl ~ ~ . ~ ~~ A.-A~~~: - . Y. v 56 -5 ...... ~ K 4.. .~~~~~~~~~~~..i<~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . .5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. *1*K? I- n- 71 ~~~~~~~~~-.144 4:' FigureNatual . vegtationareas . iu A~~~~~~"~T~ Woodlands~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ '~~~h'-' t,.~~~y Allgother area Nateralmix etueonaturalandears co eeain ~d~c4~ ii,* 1 ~ J'k bein either undershae2 itualculti atio urfallowd froncopvgtation,rgm Aninex 8 -Part 4 Formats-may 03 -TechiItipla,i Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - ELI, SIA & RL4 Part4 Figure 7. National parks, reserves and controUed'areas g4 Z. _R.' Z National Park Paved Roads i Game Reserve Unpaved Roads Game Controlled areai H.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ifluence area of Singida - Shelui rcad ,nilex 8 - Part 4 Fomiats-rriaj 03 Techlziplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engirieering Design FinzRal Report: .4Ann ex 8 - EL., SL4 & PdR Part 4 Figure 8. Administrative set-up of the roadi influence area .Sub-listrict Boundary - ALIGNr.ENT Road Influence Aren SEKENKE ESCARPMENT I I - _ ~ZERO 3: . . [I:S;l.JGDAj POINT N ' <7 <, tW-- a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X\ NAK 11)IK Ua < ;~~~~X1APAtNIDAG,49A fi,b/1,'RW = 2 INAGR1 r01zr !i' ';2S K;n~/ MDA IA K 1 Kin1 93M f 29I.9inbab/Kin n 4-1V Inha-b./" ~, 3.z ehbI~ !7-T ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -7-~ Arulex*S - Pan- 4. Formats-may 03.5e itr.aiu t - - u~~mAL-~ "I Annex S-Part 4 Formats-may 03 T c yili ,lilgiU'I( ;[ctIUI II XUUULt. LtJ tdItCU * .II ,IC 11 JZ3ISII L L/£L L t. ,''t£/'Ut.-I f)L-1 L - IA. Part 4 Figure 9. Settlement system of the road influence area 0 Settlement within 10 Km of? road axis ROAD || o.cad2I J ALIGNMENT ...... Sub-District boundary. e07N SEKENXE 0^uZESCARPMENT . ____ZERO IS;IDAX POL[NT j 4-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -'.. I ,3 1,4,,, '-c_ it , ot-_ L i. /- Cg4 'y> : -X l'. t _ Annex S - P 4 Formats-mayFrt 03 Annex 3 - 93 Techmtiplani Sinigida Shclui Road: Detailed Engineening Design FinalReporl: Anne 8lc- EL48, Sl>-1 &Slgl Part 4 Fio,ure 10. Archaelogical sites of the road influence arca _ . L=C;END | <1OtBOl | ~ARCHAEOLOGICAL ROA A'LIGNM-NT... ' - SEKENKE A \ ES'CARPMENT ', . | - ZERO .. 5 SI51NGIDA poLNT S¢- < ,Y. . )j ' > tt'' ';; '/ ''2 rl1 9 ': ti t / O L11 b j e i, b-;8 / j yK 8 \ -- ~~~~~~~~~~~Y P,oNf Am:vx8 at4Frasma 3Tciil Part 4 Figure 11. Prehistoric rock art painting in the project influence area - -7 7 -- -k, n~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rock art example from Singida Region. The picture is taken from Iambi cave, which is about 35 km from the project road in Nduguti Sub-District Annex S- Parn 4 Formats-ma~' 03 Techn iplan A S_ t She'. 3ad:7 led E -erin- ign .,,_ - - - .: 8-F .A . -P. 1-i<&; a-./ -I --. t1 (zr1 t uti2brn"d':' j_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cga, . SN uORRO* PI Annex 8 - Part 4 Formats-may 03 Teclmn iplun lFigture 13. Rouate variants in rguguno urban area . ~ ? 4 -I|tRhr9, s i.g _ -' ,, t - ' - '' '/ 1 -j>'5_.mcL*0j ! UU-A A.,,RU ,, ,w f_.-i .,-\a' , IgiUc;t4s?i -- tle.Rt-]S^@ \t g X ; '+ . I (J|J8Et \/sP.IANfS y!t4 ' i t_v 4, } 1L:e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N__t/-js'Llt 1iS -i.-]t\Tt-0-519{-0T.O; <\,~~~~~10~0 Fl ' g - -\ 'E'\ - l. '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l'~.Y_ L [3u (. l j. .A;at:s .-,-.> Se t-j>-,b41I(l-J(.iUtb ilf lss.|; , G-piSiWI^s0F__1 BS'fiNr-E-A t\LIGMIdr-N' ~ -~*9>: 7~~, _V Aninex -Part 4 FonTnats-imay 03 -Techniipla Z;mgida Shelui Koad: Uetaitea Ingineenng L)esign tinal Repurt: Anrrer y -klA, SLM & AL4 Part 4 Fig,ure 14. Soil protection with geomats Existing cutting in Kingungu route variant of Sekenke Escarpment Diagram-of geomat application for Slope protection and re-vegetation OETAJLA . 1 - , &.R-:.YC .~~~~~~, " !~~~~~ ---- Nt .ETL F, . ~ ~ I 4 ;Q'to Annex S - Part 4 Fonnats-may 03 Tech,izipla,i .umg1Ga bneiui Koaa: uetallec Lngmeermg LJesign FinalReport: Annex 3 - EL4, SL4 & RLA Part4 Figure 15. Soil reinforcement for long term application. , - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Examples Protection of slopes against erosion by rainfall and wind with geogrids and biomats Ji Before the intervention During the intervention 5, _4Completed slope after ten years Arnex S - Part 4 Formats-may 03 Tech n ipla n Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annlex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2a ;- 11 DE'. [ELPNrENti OF To-IR ISM A\NDE)REC-'RE.. r-1)N Expected impacts Advised enhancemtent measures Governm7lent initiative is requiired to initiate Tourism is now absent fiom Singida region. The project may attract tourists to lakes Kindai, toutris, especially in the cultural leritage Singida and Kitangiri, Sekenke Escarpment, e anded To covert whole 'ut o Wembere Basin, historic Ushora and Mkaramo aniodato cilitie ifzcze t of Forts, the pre-historic caves and rock paintings. acco,nnodation facilities including those serving business people. \I[1.[ I.lPRO% ED,CO.l\l-UNiT' AND EN\VIRONNIEN FAL SER% ICES Expected impacts Advised enhanceinent mzeasur es Improved transport will help the distribution of Regional investment budgets sliould target the drugs. Patients will receive faster medical rehabilitatioln of water supply, rural and urbani attention. Health workers will enjoy easier healtlh services and educatiolnal facilities, taking access to work places. More doctors and nurses advantage of lower- transport costs and better may reach the central corridor of Tanzania. accessibility to the road influenlce zone. * * d: Annex 8 -Part 2a Annex 8 - 31 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2a Annex 8 - Part 2a Annex 8 - 32 Techniplan Singida Slelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report:Aniex 8- EJA, SIA & RIA Part 2b 7. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN (EAP) 7.1 Scope and phasing of thie EAP 7.1.1 Preview. The Action Plan set out in the present chapter is geared to implement the measures required both to mitigate the negative and enhance the positive environmental impacts of the project.' The Action Plan covers the road-works phase and the post-construction phase, when the road is opened to public use. Thd environmental impact of road maintenance works is considered under the latter phase. 7.1.2 Rationale of EAP. Prompt, coordinated actions and tight working schedules are needed to offset the adverse impacts of the road project, or downsize them below the risk threshold at which they would make the project unfeasible. Some advised solutions are nothing better than good road maintenance practice. Others require that public authorities mobilize at national and regional scale, with the participation of road users and local communities. Since road upgrading. will yield not only negative, but also positive impacts, the advice is extended to encompass a package of supportive measures, aimed at enhancing and multiplying the benefits generated by the project. 7.1.3 Target areas. Environmental measures -. including both protection and enhancement measures - can be grouped in seven categories, each within its own time-frame, as follows: 2 i. Road-related environmental engineering design (year 2001-2003) ii. Works management during the project implementation phase (2003-07) iii. Expropriation and resettlement (2003-04) iv. Traffic management after opening of the road to traffic in 2005 v. Construction of ancillary or complementary infrastrUcture (2005 onward) vi. Ecosystem protection across the Road Influence Zone (2005onward) vii. Benefit enhancement measures (2005 onward). The impacts of the project, both direct and indirect, may partially overlap on the short, medium and long term 3. The first 3 categories of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures - Engineering Design, Works Management and Expropriation/Resettlement concern direct, shot- term impacts. The further 4 categories (Traffic Mantagentent, Ancillary Infrastructure, Enivironmental Protection and Benefit Enhancemtient) will start after work completion, mostly dealing with long-term, indirect impacts. 7.1.4 Benefit enhancement meastures. Thanks to the project, Singida Regional Government will be able to improve health care, education facilities, water supply, power plants, rural communications and other amenities. The institutions that rely on transport services can expand the environmental opportunities generated by the project. 7.1.5 Plhases of the Action Plan. Altogether, the seven categories of measures proposed in § 7.1.3 will be spread in three Phases of the Action Plan cycle, namely: Phase I. Project Design (2001-02), Phase II. Works Implementation (2003-04), and: Phase III. Environmental Management of the Upgraded Road (or "Follow-Up Phase", 2004 onward). In 2001, the engineering study has already designed the environmental measures of the project, which have 7hleT environmental measuires are advised to mitigate the impacts of both road constructioni (see § 5) and road uise (see § 7). The EAP deals with physical and humani impacts, except resettlement, dealt with in Part 3 (RIA). 2 The enviro,z,nenital and social measures, as described in § 5 and 6, are incorpor-atedin the detailed eniginieer-ing design (Stage I of the EAP). 3 See also the general schedtle outlined in § 1. Aiinex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 33 Techniplan Singida Sh1cIlli Roaid: Detailecl Engineerincg Desigcn Final Report: AInnlex 8 - ElIA SIA & RIA Part 2b also been incorporated in the economic and financial analysis and in the tender documents. The implementation steps will follow in cascade through three Phases, progressively involving the contractor, the works supervisor, government authorities, road users and the local communities at large. Table 7. 1. Phasingof the Environmental Action Plan of Singida-Shelui road project Phases Year Key responsibilities 01-02 03-04 04 i I Environmental design o Consulting engineers under Tanroads _1 Works implementation o Contractor, Tanroads, MoW and other line Ministries III Road use &maintenance ooo Tanroads Resettlement will take place in Phases II and III of the EAP (see Part 3 of the Report). The following pages review the three phases EAP specifying, for each phase: - the milestones and the intermediate implementation steps - the legal framework and the agencies responsible for each step - the costs to be covered by the project and other sources of finance. 7.1.6 Thematic approach. The Action Plan will address a number of physical and human ecological themes, ranging from forest protection to HIV-AIDS prevention. The same theme may be addressed in subsequent stages during the environmental management cycle. For instance, the theme "bush fire prevention" will be addressed first by the Engineer, who will design road-side fire screens to protect the forests, then by the Contractor, who will clear the ground for planting the fire-screens, while himself adopting fire prevention measures. Later on, the Environ,mental Authorities will brief the local communities on bush fire control. Finally, the Village Grouips will actually mobilize themselves to plant the trees and maintain the fire- barriers. 7.1.7 Projectambivalence. Road upgrading will spark both favorable and adverse effects: - for instance, speed increase is both a time-saving factor and a hazard for safety - again, population inflow may be viewed as an economic blessing but, at the same time, as a source of congestion, pollution and threats for public health and wildlife The final balance between environmental costs and benefits depends on how simultaneously the former are mitigated, the second enhanced. In other words, the net outcome is yielded by the way the whole process is steered by Govemment authorities and civil society at large. The present report suggests methods to strike the balance on the positive side. * -a * Annex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 34 Techn2iplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b 7.2 The three Phases of EAP (2001 onward) Phase I of EAP: Environmental Engineering Design (2001-02) Concept design. Environmental mitigation and enhancement packages are part and parcel of road engineering design. The Consultant has worked out in executive details all the measures of the Environmental Action Plan, incorporating them into the drawings, bills of quantities, contract documents and other output of the engineering work. The environmental mitigation/enhancement mieasures will be canTied out by the contractors, the public authorities, the local communities and the road users during the further stages of the EAP management cycle. The following table surrunarizes the main mitigation measures introduced in the engineering design of the road. As to the enhancement of the positive impacts, see the Phase 3 schedule. Table 7.2 Environmental measiures to be incorporated in the cletailed road design (2001-02) '',,, . f , ' ' . ' ! . -,,,I I. N .%ILNDEFRl.lElQ, sL PI_IPAC-I'S ENc-,rrFEFPlqND OF oiTIitJA 1`CiN NlE.AfSLURES _ I. . Realign to avoid sensitive areas. Separate road and forest with green barriers. i Threats to forests, wildlife Provide: (a) road crossings for wilcdliie by smoothing embankment slopcs at Threas.toorest,wregular distances, (b) openings in r iver weirs, and: (c) large culvcrts in swamplands "Blend" the road design with the landscape. Avoid cuts, fills, pits in fine ii Landscape disfiguration scenery. Stabilize cuts with walls and vegetated geo-mats, geo-cells and other devices favoring the revegetation. Design culverts and cross-drainage to keep hydraulic balance. Design borrow ... to soils.larm and water pit excavation and restoration, avoiding stagnation. Prevent soil erosion, iii H-larm to soils and water sedimentation in drainage lines and cascade effect in drain outlets. Pave drain outlet areas with stones, concrete. iv Hazard for livestock Put signals at grazing area crossings and markets. Organize markets. Displace stock-rouite from road reserve area Design of road safety components and traffic police facilities. Create green v Impact on human ecology barriers to reduce dust and exhaust gas diffusion. Introduce bus bays and parking spaces. Design of measures to protect the classified Physical Cultural Resources vi Impact on cultural heritage (PCR) and prevent the destruction of the unknown ones which mighl be encountered during the works implementation phase. Participatory approach. Each mitigation measure adopted by the road's environmental design and posted in Table 7.3-has been discussed with the local communities and national authorities, including the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC), the Ministry of Tourism & Natural Resources, Forestry Department, Ministry of Education and Culture and the national Museum. Annex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 35 Techntiplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b Table 7.3 Design Measures to Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Road Works and Road Use |1. Design Measures to Protect Fores6 and Game Resources 1. A Trlueats to nature in Sekenke Highland Ecosystem (Rift Valley) Risks. The road will be realigned through 12 km of Sekenke Hilis along Kinkungu river valley, which hosts sensitive ecosystems and a Forest Reserve. When the road is opened to service, traffic will scare the residual wildlife away to a certain distance, especially during daytime. The forests of the river gorge will be more accessible to hunters and timber-jacks. Design mitigation measures. Sekenke road variant design relies on the following ecological assumptions: Other streams funrow the Rift Valley not far from, and parallel to, Kinkungu river, providing valley corridors to the wildlife migrating between the eastern plateau and the western Wembere plains. The variant will re-use the steep hill cuts and the huge embankmcnts, up to 10 meter high, made by the 1994-96 road project: no further environmental impact will be exerted by the present project in the area. The embankments will occupy 7.5 km out of 12. The rest of the new route will run through cuts (4.6 kim) or on viaducts (0.2 km): as the viaducts hover above the river meanders, wild animals will be able to wander from a road side to the other, with no major barrier (at night, noise will rarely disturb them). Traffic will shift from the uphill road to the new route variant, freeing a vast tract of hilly, densely forested land from slow, polluting traffic, bivouacs and other environment-hostile activities. The forests destroyed along the old hill route can be replanted by the Forest Reserve workers. The new variant is a through-fare road, running swiftly on high embankments lined by steep cuts. With no parking lots or feeder roads, cars and people will not rove around into sensitive environment Artificial barriers will render difficult the access from the road to the sensitive, surrounding woodlands Fire risks will be prevented by artificial green barriers between the road and the natLral forests 1. B Threats to nature in Wembere Lowland Ecosystem Risks. After 12 km of Sekenke highlands and some 15 km of intermediate Shelui plateau, the final stretch of the road crosses 10 km of seasonal swamps hosting wildlife. Wembere swampland is a fragile ecosystem, with a delicate balance between the dry season and the flooding spell, compounded by the interaction between freshwater bodies and salt outcrops in the bottom soil. T'he water salinity rate influences the food chain which supports variegated animal communnities. The embankment may split the swamps in two halves, altering the salinity balance and impairing the movements of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Such hazards are magnified by the fact that to avoid floods the embankment will be raised a couple of meters above the existing one. Design mitigation measures . In Wembere Lowlands, the road design envisages ample and frequent culverts, enabling fish and other swampland species to move through the embankment. In 10 km of road there will be 25 culverts each of them 1.9 m-wide, for an aggregate opening of 50 meters. Enough to allow free movement of aquatic and terrestrial animals, as well as to equalize the salinity rates in the water bodies of the swampland. I. C Fire control to protect natural vegetation along the road Risks. Bush fire is a risk along almost 1/4 of the road alignment, increasing in Sekenke Forest Reserve, where trees have burnt away from a broad band along the existing route. In fact, the project road crosses a total of 24 line km of thickets and dry forests, to be protected by barriers against fire (see Figures in Part 4) Design mitigation measures. The design foresees to protect the road sub-section through Sekenke Forest with tree plantations which will create suitable barriers against fire propagation. Cashew nut trees and other fire-resistant species will be used, as advised by the Regional Forest Department (see Figures in Part 4). I. D Design measures to ease wildlife movements Risks. The road embankment may hinder wild terrestrial animals moving in the road area. The weirs constructed by the project across streamlined rivers may hamper fish movements up and down the stream. Design mitigation measures. The design provide road crossings for terrestrial mammals by introducing smooth slopes (1:3 or 1:4, three meter-wide) every other km. Design openings are foreseen in river weirs, as well as large size culverts in swamps crossed by the road, in order to eliminate barriers to aquatic animals. Annex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 36 Technziplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Anznzex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b 11. Dcsign measures to avoid landscapc disfiguration 11. A Instability from road cuts and fills Risks. Land take for road construction, cuttings and the embankment may create soil erosion problems. Design mitigation measures . Special attention has been paid to rc-vegetation for erosion control. Thc design includes prescriptions and related bill of quantities to store the topsoil for re-use on the slopes, vegetate the slopes of the embankment and regenerate the fertile overlay after works conclusion. In critical places, retaining walls will be built and covered with natural stones or geo-mats. It. B. Design measures to avoid landscape disfiguration by land take and earthworks Risks. The embankment is monotonous landscape feature. Bridges and viaducts intrude the Kinkungu River Gorge thiough the Rift Valley and Sekenke Forest Reserve. Borrow pits and quarries are landscape detractors. Design mitigation measures. To avoid aesthetic harms to the scenic Central Plateau landscapes, an architectural design has been adopted to "blend" the road with the landscape and the indigenous flora.. Cutting/filling has been avoided wherever scenery would be spoiled. Roadside and cut slopes will be reclaimed and re-vegetated. Quarrics and borrow pits will be located avoiding the sensitive landscapcs. I 111. Design measures to avoid harm to soil and water bodies 111. A Design measures to preserve surface and ground water balance and drainaec Risks. Lakes, swamps and seasonal streams dot the road project area. Cuts, fills and waterworks may interfere with natural drainage patterns, plugging or altering surface water flows. Risks may also stem from the impact of road infrastructure upon groundwater flow patterns, especially where there is a shallow water table. Design mitigationi measures. The problem of the road embankment splitting Wembere marshlands in two halves has already been dealt with in § I.B, with a solution to preserve the water salinity balance, which varies from a season to another and commands the food chain of the local ecosystem. The engineering design of the road and its strictures has paid careful attention to prevent changes in the overall surface and ground water regime of the project area and safeguard the overall hydrological balance. Provision has been made for adequate culverts and cross drainage, designed to maintain the present hydrological equilibrium. 111. B Design measures to preserve water stagnation Risks. F-lazardous for human health, waler stagnation along the embankment is a current feattire of the existing road conditions. Design of borrow pit excavation, exploitation and restoration system. Design mitigation measures. The engineering measures will consist in a careful design of the road drainage system. Due to the ligh surface run-off coefficient - which approaches the One value - water will accumulate at road side. The drainage system in the immediate vicinity of the road has been designed to exclude any adverse impacts. Side-, cross- and cutoff-drains in plain ground will be positioned for an even water distribution. Otherwise, if the positions are badly chosen or the spacing is too great, localized flooding would occur: Run-off discharged away from the road will not stagnate in the receiving area. III.C Design of functional borrow pits Risks. The borrow pits (see § Table 7.4) represent a threat for health, due to water stagnation. Design mitigation measures. The design foresees an excavation, exploitation and restoration system allowing most borrow pits to be transformed, after use for road construction, into permanent or semi-permanent water points for tIse by the population, livestock herds and wildlife. The selected pits will be excavated and "cultivated" according to design, featuring tihe creation of hedged or fenced ring shoulders and a geomeLric bowl shape. The bottom of the pits can be made impermeable, if necessary, utilizing geo-synthetic techiniques. Ill. D Soil erosion and sedimentation Risks. Land take for road construction, cuttings and the embankment itself may create soil erosion problems. A malfunctioning drainage system is the cause of erosion and sedimentation problems along the existing road. Design mitigation meastires. To prevent erosion and sedimentation, drainage systems will be installed, avoiding cascade effects. Receiving surfaces will be lined with stones or concrete. Ground clearance will be minimized. Exposed soils will be replanted after works, allowing grass to grow on slopes tree growth, which may harm the bank with the roots. Cut-off drainage will be installed. Culverts will prevent erosion in waLer courses. Adopted design approachl:slope protection along Sekenmke ciut. To re-profiled cutting sections along Kinkungu River, (4.5 Annex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 37 Techniplaii Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finlal Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b km) will be stabilized by a sequence of technical operations, namely: o Re-profiling of slope cuttings all through the design section, while clearing unstable rocks and debris o Geo-matting with synthetic filaments (dense polyethylene, polyamnide, polypropylene), as surface reinforcement against rain-erosion and rills, while waiting for the vegetation to grow o In filling of the geo-mat with vegetal terrain and application - all over the layer of geo-mats- of a metal net nailed against the underlying rock, to prevent the protected surfaces from sliding down o Rydro-seeding of the vegetal terrain using indigenous grasses and shrubs, reinforced by talea planting o Construction of small stone walls at the basis of the slope all along the road cuttings. 2 The sequence will apply to 700 line meters and a height of 15 m in the cuts through Sekenke , covering 10,500 mi. The related cost, estimaLed at 750,000 U.S. dollars, is included in the environmental package (3% of total road cost). Figuire 14 to 17 of Part 4 of this Annex show example and application diagrams. IV. Design measures to reduce hazards for livestock Risks. The project road runs parallel to a main stock route for about 50 km. Crowded livestock markets are held regularly at Tumuli villages and other settlements crossed by the road. Grazing areas are frequent along the road. The future Kinkungu River variant will be an advantageous shortcut for herd movements. Design mitigation measures. The project will provide crossings (with smooth embankment slopes) and adequate signals along major grazing areas and cattle markets (in Misigiri and Tumuli towns). V. Design measures to safeguard the human environment V.A Road safety Risks. The present road has a high accident rate at settlement crossings and through Sekenke Escarpment. Design mitigation measures. The design will include signaling and facilities for traffic management in the towns and at major junctions. Bumps and advertisements will discourage high speed through settled areas. V.B Micro-environmental impacts at village level In the initial years, the road will convey up to 500 vehicles per day through the villages and urban settlements mentioned in § 3. 1, rising to uil to 1300 vehicles according to 20 year forecasts. This will mean an initial two vehicles per minute during the daylight hours in both directions. Albeit far from configuring congestion risks, the through traffic, combined with local urban traffic, may disturb the daily lifestyle of the inhabitants of the traversed settlements. A range of appropriate mitigation measures will be designed, ranging from hedged tree rows to bus bays, guardrails and protected crossings. I VI. Design measures to safeguard Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) The Environmental Action Plan includes a section on the cultural property affected, such as rock paintings,. in the project region, with a mitigation plan in accordance with the WB safeguard guidelines on this topic. The plan elaborates on issues like chance findings of PCR, introducing clauses in the special conditions of contract for works implementation and contract clauses for the PRC safeguard. In fact, road improvement projects are likely to encounter and more or less inadvertently damage PCR. The plan also considers measures to unfold tourism potential at the major PCR sites. .* * * Phase II of EAP: Environmental Action in the Work Implementation Stage (2002-04) Scope of the mitigation measures. Earthworks, land takes, materials spoiling, plant operation, haul traffic: the typical feats of the road construction process may have adverse effects, like soil erosion, water pollution, encroachment into natural and human habitats. Part of the danger can be offset by good construction practice, in line with the engineering design. The residual danger can be prevented by the measures listed below. Table 8.2 Advised mitigating measures in the Road Construction Stage (2002-04) Annex 8 - Pait 2b Annex 8 - 38 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b SourCe t,1en-.irr:nmicnLl rin, .li,gjtine rricimure I Land take, earthworks Proper timing of works. Topsoil stock piled for later use ii Borrow pits, quar-ries Works to transform the pits in permanent water poilts iii Detours and haul roads Minimize vegetation clearance. Restore sites after use iv Workers camps Carel'ul camp location, construction, management v Machines (noise, vibration, pollution) Machine mufflers. Dust sprinkling. Suspend works in holidays vi Water and soil pollution Recycle lubricants. Precautions to avoid accidental spills vii Site and detour hazards Proper signaling. Carcful driving of haul trucks viii -Icalth hazards during works Health examination of workers with treatment when needed ix Breeding habitat of disease vectors Good landscaping, filling & drainage to avoid creating habitats x Damage to cultural heritage Reporting to cultural heritage authorities (National Museum) Responsibility of mitigation works: the Contractor, overseen by the Works Supervisor and an environmental specialist (see § 8), will carry out the works. The Ministry of Land & Human Settlement Development will assess the costs of, and provide areas for, resettlement. The Ministry of Health, the Forestry Department and other environmental authorities will inspect and sanction the following components of the works implementation cycle: i. limitation of land takes to the minimum required ii. stockpiling of topsoil and cut vegetation for reinstatement after works completion iii. excavation, cultivation and finishing of borrow pits and quarries iv. drainage and erosion control, installation of sanitation, healtlh facilities in camps v. hazard control devices for any other impact on the physical and human environment. Costs: the Contractor will bear the costs of mitigation works. Supervision costs will be born by the Consultant in charge. Inspection costs will be born by the responsible Environmental Agencies. The contractor and the supervisor shall provide logistic means to the inspectors. Table 7.4 Design Measures Mitigating the Detriments of Road Works & Road Use 1. Management of land take & carthworks Water erosion and sedimentation from cuts and fills and other road works will be reduced 1rom not only design expedients, btit also proper management, aimed at: (a) limiting earth moving to dry periods (b) protecting drainage channels with berms, straw, fabric barriers, and: (c) installing sedimentation basins and re-vegetating erosion areas. Potential loss of habitat - associated with vegetation clearance and soil erosion - can be minimized if the contractor closely watches the clearing operations. - 11. Borrow pits & quarries: excavation & exploitation methods Borrow pits as landscape detractors. The project will use 32 pits and quarries, 27 of them already used on-and-off for road maintenance, others abandoned before exhaustion (see Fig. 12). Major sites are listed below: Site Km from Singida Site Km from Singida Manga 12 Ulemo 68 Msisi 17iMsigiri 80 Igiguno 34 Kibigiri *86 Kitashegi 56 Mseko 101 Kyengege 62 Malendi 104 Major quarry sites lie alongside the borrow pits in Iramba District, on the right hand side of the road (see Figure 18). Heaps of unused material abound along the road. The material is so close to the surface that it can be extracted without degrading the landscape. The environment of the borrow pits and quarries is as follows: Annex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 39 Techntiplaiz Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b Environment Borrow pits and quarries 1. Farmlands 7 40 2. Rangeland 8 50 3. Savannah 30 260 Total 45 350 Two thirds of the pits and quairy lie in open savannah, with little vegetation losscs. The last two sites lie in the ecologically sensitive Wembere swamps. The seven pits spotted in farming areas are mainly surrounded by fallow or loosely cropped fields, where vegetal landscapes are already severely deteriorated. 4 Management of the borrow pit component during the work implementation phase. Gravel or stones quarried from villagc lands will be purchased, negotiaLing the price with village authorities to avoid disputes. Currently, villagers are paid small fees. The long-term impacts of quarry sites depend on how they are left after the resource is extracted. All pits and quarries should be landscaped after work completion, avoiding steep or vertical pit sides. Smooth slopes will encourage re-vegetation, prevent erosion and curb risks for animals. The topsoil will be stockpiled for use in reinstating the pit. Tur-ning borrow pits into water points. Stagnant pit water provides habitat to disease vectors. However, rainwater can be retained in the pits for livestock, if demanded by village authorities. The new water points will be selected during the works phase, at least 100 m from the road and 500 m from the villages. The pits will be excavated, exploited and finished, upon work completion, as per engineering design. Local communities should volunteer manpower for pit reclamation works. Trees species such as Albizia should be planted around the pits to improve the visual impact. Specification clauses in the contract documents will make sure that the contractor excavates and reinstates pits and quarries in a responsible manner to the satisfaction of the Local Council. The creation of permanent watering points for livestock will be a major instrument for realigning the stock-route which runs close to the project road, to prevent traftic accidents and avoid damage to the road's shoulders, drainage system and fire- protecling barriers. I 111. Construction & management of detours & haul roads While opening service tracks, vegetation should be cleared as liltle as possible. Works will adhere to design, closely supervised by the Resident Engineer. Any removed topsoil and vegetal matter shall be stockpiled and reinstated, upon contract completion, to efface and re-vegetate the vestiges of camp sites, detours, haul roads. Indigenous species will be chosen with the Forestry Departinent to enrich the vegetation cover. Natural drainage channels will be reopened where they existed before. I IV. Camp construction & management standards No camps should be installed in Sekenke Forest Reserve, where the previous project has proven highly destructive. The construction of camps and the influx of laborers must be managed to avoid the disruption of local community life. Camps attract job-seeks and trade mongers. The Contract Documents will impose to the contractor obligations concerning: - the location and management of the camps, in collaboration with local authorities - fencing of the camps to make them self-contained - catering services, health care and basic recreation facilities - sanitation and waste disposal systems. The contractor should enforce a code of conduct in the camp, encouraging respect for local people and their culture. For wildlife protection, poaching must be prohibited and sanctioned under the terms of employment. I V. Noise, vibration & air pollUtion control in road works phase I Dust, vibrations, exhaust fumes, unavoidable due to heavy-duty machinery operation, can be controlled by: - restricting plant utilization to normal working days and maintaining plant and machines in good conditions - exhaust silencers and sound barriers, with stationary plants and generators positioned far from the houses. Dust is controlled by sprinkling water at sites close to houses. Exhaust fumes or bituminous vapors are reduced by closing the plant down when not operated. Workers will use dust-proof fatigues and masks. Inspections will check that site are operated only in working weekdays and environmental measures are adopted. I VI. Water & soil pollution control in the construction phase 4 rhe project will comnpensate thie holders of thefields occuipied by the pits. Annex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 40 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Erigineering Design FinalReport: Annzex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b Many road works may pollute water and soil, as a result of either construction methods or accidental spillage of fuel, Libricants and chemicals. Proper management will curb risks. For instance, the bridges and culverts should be constructed during the dry season, when river flow is minimum or nil. Moreover: - local inhabitants must be timely informed about works in the rivers - people should fetch water upstream of construction sites - at river crossings, earthworks will allow people access to the streams as soon as the works are completed - refueling of plant or transfer of materials should not take place near water courses - precautions to avoid accidental spills must be undertaken - in case of accidental spill of fuel or chemicals, all efforts must be made to offset pollution - storehouses, workshops and vehicle parks should be equipped with anti-spillage devices - used lubricants must be collected for safe disposal or recycling. VII. Safety during construction - Risks. Constrmction sites are inherently dangerous places and the safety of the public, which may not be aware of the hazards, must be assured, with focus on two critical areas: (a) the immediate vicinity of the construction plant, and (b) the detours around the working sites. A. Safety at ivorking places. The public, especially children, will not be allowed close to machinery. The contractor will hold meetings to wam villagers about.the dangers. B. Safety at detours. Detours will be carefully planned and drivers using unfamiliar detours assisted. The contractor will install and maintain warnings to guide detour users and avoid collision with construction vehicles between work sites and gravel pits. VIII. Health standards during construction l Periodic health examination of workers with treatment when needed should be established to prevent epidemics in the camp and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local poptIlation and vice versa. A fully staffed and equipped Health Care Centre should be established at each inain camp to provide health education, preventive health care and primary treatment of ailments and infectious diseases. T'his facility should be available not only to the workforce but also to local peoplc, if affected by the project. The main construction camp premises and buildings can be beneficial to the local community after project completion. Provision should bc made to encourage such transfer. IX. Control of breeding habitats for disease vectors during road construction Assessment of vector ecology in work areas should enable to take steps where possible to prevent the emergence of breeding habitats for mosquitoes and other disease vectors. For this purpose, a joint protocol to be subscribed by local Hlealth Authorities and the Contractor(s) should be attached to the Contract Documents. X. Safeguard of cultural heritage during road construction Tanzania is the home of some of the world's earliest and most famous hominid remains, but no such discovery has been so far reported in the road project area. By contrary, a number of pre-historic cave paintings has been inventoried in thie area, even though not les than 15 km on both sites of the selected alignment. No source of information refers to the likclihood of unknown archaeological or paleontological sites being jeopardized by the futlurc road works. During the construction stage, Tanroads should engage the services of an archaeologist with good knowledge of the project area, to advise on work management systems suitable to avoid damage to eventual paleontological, prehistoric and historic PCR. Tanroads will ask the National Museum to provide an accurate list, wiLh descriptions and illustrations, of the known paleontological, archaeological and historical relics already fotund in the Wider Project Area. Tanroads will also ask the Ministry of Education & Culture - possibly in collaboration with the Institute of Anthropology of the University of Dar es Salaam - to provide a repertory illustrating the contemporary PCR, such as ethnic architecture, graveyards, sacred trees or groves and other features of particular value for the local etinicities. Bothl lists will be attached to the Works Contiacts. A clause in the Contract will oblige the Contractor to stop the works and report to the Works Supervisor in the event of castial finding of PCR similar to those illustrated in the lists attached to the Contract. The Supervisor will inform Tanroads, which will advise the appropriate measures to protect the PCR, saving them in situ or displacing them to nearby locations. In other words, the EMP will incorporate a 'chance-finds' clause, requiring the Contractor to take certain steps in the event of encountering PCR. This will require collaboration between the project, the Ministry of Education & Culture and the National Museum. Moreover, if the highway works will result to can cut off access by rural residents to sacred sites or other PCR relevant to the local communities, Tanroads will discuss the matter with their leaders to attain a satisfactory solutioni to stich problem. * * * Aninex 8 - Part 2b Annex c°- 41 Tech niplan 6inolda Nihelui Road: Detailecl engineermng Design F'inal Report: Annex 8 - EJA, SIA & RIA Part 2b Phase m of EAP, after the road is opened to service (2004 onward) Phase m of the Environmental Action Plan will mobilize five environmental impact management processes, namely: i. Traffic Management ii. Developmenlt of Ancillary Infrastructure iii. Ecosystem Protection in the Road Influence Zone iv. Safeguard of Physical Cultural Resources in the Road Influence Zone v. Environmentally Sustainable Road Maintenance vi. Health Protection Against Disease Vectors (HIV-AIDS and others) vii. Benefit Enhancement Measures, as reviewed in the following table Table 7.5 IMPACT MITIGATION OR ENsiANCEMENT OF ROAD USE AND MAINTENANCE (2004 ONWARD) 1. Traffic Management Traf'fic is expected to raise from the present 300 vehicles per day (two-ways) to 600 in 201. Risks will increase proportionally, unless curbed by appropriate measures. Traffic managemenst responsibilities Risks Measures Responsibility Accidents Safety management MCT, MoW, Police 1-tazards for livestock New markets, crossings MCT, MOA Noise, vibration, polLItion Vehicle & speed checks MCT, Traffic Police Damage from overloading Axle load control MOW, Traffic Police MCT Ministry of Coin,ninicalions& Transport Key MOA Ministry ofAgricilitriue MOW Ministry of Works Safety management. Central Government duties will be shared with the corresponding services of Singida Regional Authorities. The Ministry of Communications & Transport will check that speed-reducing bumps are advertised and maintained in urban crossings. Traffic police will control speed, exhaust emission, axle load limnits, vehicle age and efficiency. The Traffic Police, will deliver courses local schools on road traffic behavior. Focus on urban areas. Across towns and villages, speed signs, rumble strips, intersection layout, channeling of flow, access restrictions, Ibot paths, bus stops and crossing signs will be installed. Road markings, crash barriers and guard rails are recomnended on certain bends and high embankments. Through shallow cuttings or small embankments in ulban areas or villages, local amenity shall be maintained. The side slopes of earthworks will be smoothly shaped to ease pedestrian access. Side drainage is designed to allow both vehicular and pedestrian access to side streets and nearby properties. Pedestrian and cycling pathways are foreseen at bridge and culvert crossings. Control of hazards for livestock. Safety measures will prevent hazards at cattle markcts and in grazing areas where. In Tumuli and Misigiri villages, cross bars will prevent animals from entering the road. Control of noise, vibration, air PolLItion. axle load. Checks of vehicle age, efficiency and axle load by Traffic Police is essential anid must be reinforced by timely inspections form central traffic authorities. Controls are insufficient to cope even with the present, low traffic rates. I IL. Development of Ancillary Infrastructure Scope of action. As soon as the upgrading works are over, ancillary facilities should start being implemented as part of the environmental and social mitigation mneasures required by the project. Ancillary road infrastructure will feature, priority-wise: (a) Traffic stations and motor parks, (b) Livestock markets, (c) Feeder network development, and: (d) amelioration of the stock route Annex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 42 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Anntex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b Responsibilities and costs. Ancillary infrastructure falls within the jurisdiction of Singida Regional Government. lnvestment funds should be fed by the regional budget, possibly assisted by credit line facilities. Operation and maintenance costs should be recovered through user fees and community participation. Summary of required ancillary facilities. The advised complementary infrastructure, to be set up in five years after completion of the main project, is displayed in the following table. Synopsis of required co plemenitary i frastricture ,Livestock Feeder Stock route Cost Location Motor parks markets roads (km) (km) US $ 1. Singida . 250 15 380,000 2. Tumuli - , 15 40,000 3. 1gLgtino _ - 80 10 150,000 4. Misigiri . . 35 5 150,000 5. Slielui - 25 - 90,000 Total 42 390 45 810,000 Traffic stations and motor parks. At least two bus bays should be constructed in every village or town traversed by the Project Road. A truck parking station should be built at Singida, with fuel refilling facilities, cafe, toilets, tyre maintenance, mechanical workshops and telecom facilities. Traffic stations and motor parks for the public should be constructed or upgraded in five urban centers (Singida, Msisi, Iguguno, Misigiri, Sekenke). In the same centers, police stations should be strengthiened to better cope with accident relief standards, including adequate telecommunication. Livestock markets. In market hours, livestock invades the road premises at Misigiri and Tumuli. New market facilities must be developed at least 500 meters clear of the Road Reserve Areas in the two centers. Feeder road development. To spread the benefits of the project across the feeder transport basin, the district network must be upgraded and expanded. The existing network spans a total length of 390 kin, about half of which in areas where traffic expansion would not create ecological damage, because natural resources have already been depleted by extensive farming and overgrazing. In such marginal environment, road expansion can stimulate cconomic growth and even exert a beneficial influence on the ecology. In fact, upgraded district roads may facilitate the delivery of extension services for sustainable farm practices, agro-forestry, reforestation and hunting control in the "Open Areas" (see § 4). By contrary, the remaining half of the regional and district roads cuts across sensitive wetlands and forests. This part of the Feeder network should not be developed unsless environmental impact assessment is undertaken. 111. Ecosystem Protection in the Road Influence Zone Overview. AFter the upgraded road is opened to service, both direct and indirect impacts will beset wildlife arcas, forests and fuel wood availability in the road's traffic basin. Risks at macro-environmental scale can hardly be predicted at the present stage. A tentative conjecture is outlined below. Long-term ecosystem risks and advised measutres (year 2003 onsward) Risks Scheduled mitigation measures i Prevention of bush fire hazards Creation of wind and fire scrcens ii Indiscriminate timber cutting, land clearing Involve local leaders to stop illegal cutting iii Wildlife reduction Open Areas hunting management iv I'est and weed colTidors CheckpoinLs based on vector ecology survey v Demographic densification Strengthening of town planning tasks 1. PREVENTION OF BUSH FIRE HAZARDS. The road crosses many vegetal landscapes, including 24 line km of dry forests, to be shielded against fire (see § 4). In woodland areas, naked flames can lick the road and, apart from Forest destruction, jeopardize the vehicles. Two remedies can prevent the risk: (a) empty corridors on both sides of the road, at least 10 in wide; (b) green screens. The first option needs steady clearing and is uncomfortable to drivers, as they see two narrow strips running along. The second option is better. The usual road-side green barrier is a row of fire-resistant trees, also yielding edible fruits, fodder and wood. For multi-purpose fire breaking screens in semi-arid areas like Singida, cashcw trees (Anacardiuoisi occidentale) arc good. They thrive on rain, runoff and shallow water tables, providing a nice scenery and filtering traffic pollution. Their fruits are processed into juices. Cashew rows allow crossfilg by animals. Fences should be forbidden along the road. Outside the forests, the routine clearing of road shoulders is required, but fire barriers are unnecessaty across the grasslands or low, sparse bush. 3m-wide grassless strips are advised alongside the road tirough cultivated lands. 11. FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL TIMBER cUrrING. & 111. PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE. Local leaders should be involved in repressing illegal tree cuts. The whole of the road influence zone is subject to the "Open Areas" regime, whereby hunting is virtually uncontrolled and gamc is Aniiex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 43 Tech niplant Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FitialReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b dwindling or has altogether disappeared. Wildlife authorities should consider revising hunt control systems in such areas, as a way to cope with easier access to residual game habitats when the upgraded road is opened to traffic. IV. CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND CORRIDORS. With the increase of traffic flows, the likelihood of new diseases being introduced by imrrmigrants and road users demands a close assessment. Health checks and vaccination facilities should be strengthened. Investigation of vector ecology should enable epidemnics to be prevented. To control pest and weed transmission corridors, the competent authorities should strengthen plant and animal sanitationi services anud related checkpoints. V. CONTROL OF CONGESTION. District authorities should adjust planning rules to avoid densification of buildings and commercial gervices just beyond the right of way of the upgraded road. The Ministry of Land & Human Settlement Development should provide local planners with updated topographic maps of the road, enabling them to control its impact on urban land use. Baseline data may be derived from the topographic maps at scale 1:2000 produced by the present project to cover the 100 m strip from the road centerline. Ideally, strip mapping should be expandcd to provide the basis for cadastral mapping of the settlements impacted by higher traffic rates and consequent urban congestion risks. On this basis, the existing urban master plans can be updated and new ones created for the othler growth centers. Responsibilities and costs of ecosystem protection. Ecosystem protection is the duty of the Environmental Department of the Vice-President's Office. The Ministry of Natural Resources & Tourism and the Forestry Department also share broad responsibilities, with. The environmental jurisdiction of Singida Regional Government is ruled by its statute or delegated by Central Government. The costs of ecosystem protection after road completion should be bom by the agencies in charge. However, an awareness campaign should be financed by the present project, to promote wildlife protection, tree planting, bush-fire control and other ecological initiatives relying on comnmunity participation. The campaign should be participated by the Local Govemments and NGOs of Singida Region. Subventions are proposed for this purpose (see § 8). | IV. Physical Cultural FHeritage (PCR) safeguard in the Road lnfluence Zone Mitigation of neeative i-npacts. More intensive road use roads can expose PCR not only to direct damage. Easier, uncontrolled access to PCR may increase thefts, acts of vandalism and other negative events. After works completion, Tanroads will collaborate with the Ministry of Education & Culture, the National Museum and the local authorities to protect the PCR in the near environs of the road, featuring: prehistoric and historic sites, cemeteries and family graves, traditional trees or groves, churches, mosques, mission houses, vernacular architecture, etc. The PCR should be carefliily inventoried by updating the baseline survey of the present EIA study. In particular, more information should be gathered on the prchistoric cave sites. Tanroads should approach the National Museum to assist in this regard. A desk study on the archives should also search for possible historic sites such as battlefields. Impacts and mitigation measures should be debated with village councils and higher local authorities along the road corridor. Opportunities for enhancine the positive impacts. It is recommended that the road project should stLpport a $50,000 program Ibr making an inventory of prehistoric and historic sites, and for promoting cultural tourism and eco-tourism. The influx of touLrists usually exerts both negative and positive impacts on PCR sites. The measures advised in the previous paragraph will ensure a proper management and protection of the sites. Is this stretch of road a natural extension to an existing tourist circuit? Once more information is available on PCR safeguard and feedback is obtained from the authorities responsible for cultural heritage, suclh a proposal will be formulated in detail. If in the future the road becomes part of a tourist circuit, care should be taken not to inflict visual damage to the landscape, such as hillside scars when quarrying for road maintenance material. I V. Environmentally Sustainable Road Maintenance A dedicated "Maintenance Handbook" is recommended for Singida-Shelui road for Lhe following reasons: i. some engineering solutions, as geo-mats on road cuts are not diffused in Tanzania (see Fig. 14 to 17) ii. the viaducts on Kinkungu river need intensive maintenance due their technological characteristics iii. file-shlields and the stock-route need mandatoly maintenance, coordinated with the Forestry and Livestock Department Road mailnenance staff is mobile, anid the hanidbook will help reducing the need to renovate the same written instrilCtions whenever new maintenance engineer is appointed. As mentioned in § 8, the Handbook should be prepared by the concerned Agencies, coordinated by the Environmental Department of the Vice President's Office. A subvention can be budgeted for this puripose. I Vl. Health protection against disease vectors, including HIV/ALDS control and mitigation costs Available inforination. Tanzanian Authorities, NGOs, religious groups and individuals work to prevent HIV/AIDS Anniex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 44 Techniplan Singida Sheluli Road: Detailed Engineering Desi-ri Final Repoirt: Atninex 8 -EIA, SIA & RIt Part 2b and provide care and support to the infected pcopie. According to UNDP's Dar es Salaam office dealing with HIV/AIDS, no statistical records are available to compare the prevalence of the epidemics in the project region with other regions in the Country. Singida town is however believed to havc a hiigh prevalence rate. Risks. Road construction exposes the labourers and the general public to bronchial.and other pathological risks. Moreover, the most serious health concern haunting local communities is AIDS-HIV. The disease can spread as a result of the intIux of construction workers into areas. Recommended mitieation measures. Provision of working figures and good camp management is required. First aid facilities shall be installed in all camps. AIDS-HI-IV should be closely monitored under the responsibility of the medical unit of the Contractor(s), which should proceed to regular checks of the health status of the workers. Planned mitieation measures. Tanzanian Authorities, NGOs, religious groups and individuals, are involved in the prevention, provision of care and support to people infected and affected with HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the project area has less infection rates that in the whole Country. Provision of working figures and good camp management is required. First aid facilities shall be installed in all camps. AIDS-HIV should be closely monitored under the responsibility of the medical unit of the Contractor(s), which should proceed to regular checks of the health status of the workers. Mitigation costs. A preliminary prevention and control of HIV/AIDS diffusion itf the road area requires the participation of local NGOs, especially those involved in AIDS-HIV control. A sum of 30,000 US $ should be used for this purpose. VII. Benefit Enhancement Measures Traffic increase wiil generate opportunities in Singida region. Environmental opportunities include: - strengthening of forestry offices and village nurseries, supported by the project - improvement of water and sanitation services - enhancement of research on, and protection of, natural resources and cultural heritage. Social opportunities bear upon: - the renovation of the struggle against poverty - increase in land prices and related tax revenues - upgraded educational and health services, especially in urban areas - improvement of infrastructire (energy, water supply and others) - job generation - creation of a favorable business environment and new credit lines for SME Higher land prices represent both an opportunity and a risk, as they may marginalize indigenous farmers. Even though farming rights are exchanged consensually, in the long run the best land may end up in the hands of commercial investors. Confined to marginal soils, smailholders would resort to extensive, destructive agriculture. Agricultural extension servicemen should identify the endangered groups and assist them in offsetting any adverse consequence. Infiastructure development opportunities. This includes power and water supply. At present, only a small fraction of the urban population is connected to electricity lines and piped water. The road will facilitate the extension of energy and water supply both in the urban areas and in the villages along thc alignment. Road-related cuiltural development: (a) initiatives to counteract cultural losses . The President's Office and the Ministry of Education and Culture are currently carrying on several programs to enable traditional values to survive the destructive, yet inevitable, impact of modernization. A number of research and community participatory schemes are being identified and implemented, sometimes on an experimental basis. It is recommended that such schemes be intensified in' Singida Region, in connection with the-opening to service of the upgraded trunk road section. The World Bank facilities for the preservation of ethnic culturcs could also be considered as a possible resource. (b) Hiehlieht on archaeology heritage. To counteract at least part of the negative impacts on local culture, it is advised to invest in protection and development-of historic and artistic heritage. Priority should be given to prehistoric art, which has the potential of attracting international scholars, university students and tourists in general. It is proposed to finance a complemenit of the WARA project described in (see § 2.2) of Appendix F and assist the Ministry of Natural Resources' and Tourism in preparing guided excursions and organized circuit/tours covering the most significant prehistoric sites (see § 11.2). Annex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 45 Tecltiziplan Sin-ida ShCluli Road: Detailed Enlgineering Design Filial Report: Aninex 8 - MJA, SIA & RIA Part 2b 7.3 Proposed institutional framework of E.A.P 7.3.1 Existing framework. Ministries and Executive Agencies have produced many policy documents, some comprehensive, others focused on specific matters. General Environmental Policy documents include: i. Enivironmental Action Plan (1994) ii. National Environmental Policy (1997) and: iii. National Conservation Strategy for Sustainable Development (NCSSD), 1996 Sector Environmental Policies are embodied in the: (i) Forestry Policy of 1998, (ii) Water Policy(2002), (iii) Energy Policy of 1992, (iv) National Land Policy of 1995. The present project must comply with the legislation stemming from the general and sector environmental policies. The Principal Legislation applicable to the ecological components of Singida-Shelui road project is embodied in the following Acts of Parliament: - Protected Places and Areas Act (1969) - Forestry Act (1965 and subsequent amendments) - Water utilisation (Control and Regulation) Act, 1974 amended inl981. - Wildlife Conservation Act (1974) amnended in 1978 5 - National Environment Management Council Act (1983) Subsidiary Legislation also applies, including Decrees, Orders and regulatory decisions. Appendix A provides detailed background data on the policy, legal and administrative framework of the environmental and resettlement issues of the present project. 7.3.2 Proposed institutional mobilizationt for Singida-Shelui Enlvironmental Action Plan. Under the legislation in force, the key players who can mobilize the resources and manage the EAP of Singida-Shelui road project are: i. Tanroads: responsible for designing and implementing the environmental infrastructure, in collaboration with other relevant Ministries and Executive Agencies. ii. the Enivironmental Department of the Vice President's Office (VPO): it coordinates the Ministries and the Executive Agencies participating in the project. The VPO also co- ordinates NGO participation to large-scale public works (see § 10.8) iii. the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC): it supervises the standards adopted and the performance levels achieved. 6 7.3.3 EAP managemnen2t. The environmental institutions should manage the EAP according to the procedure outlined below: A The Tanroads should appoint an Environmenital Task Manager to coordinate the environmental components of Singida-Shelui road works. He will submit, to the Vice President's Office and NEMC, an EAP Memorandiwn suggesting the ecological components pertaining to Tanroads and those which fall under under the jurisdiction of other Agencies B The Vice President's Office will react to the input by Tanroads and prepare the working schedule of all the involved Agencies - including the Ministry of Communications & Transport, the Ministry of Home Affairs (Traffic Police), the Ministry of National Resources & Tourism, the Ministry of Lands & Human Settlements Development, the Ministry of Agriculture & Food Security, the Ministry of Water & Livestock Development, Ministry of Energy and Minerals,, the President's Office -Regional Administration and Local Government (mobilization of Regional and District Authorities) and so forth. This Act also operates Wit/li the limitations and requiremients of the Convention on International Trade in Endatngered Species (CITES) the National Parks ordinaniceand related regulatiois. 6 The Natiollat EnzviroIllllental Council is responsibleforthe measures directed to control the impact of public wvorks and maitigate their-negative consequenices. See details in Appendix A. Aninex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 46 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fiuial Report: Ainnex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b C The Ministries and Agencies will comment the schedule prepared by the Vice President's Office, proposing adjustments where necessary. D The National Environmental Management Council will provide its advisory and evaluation functions, focusing on the input transmitted by the Vice President's Office. Figure 7.1 on next page shows the proposed EAP architecture. 7.3.4 Field organization of EAP. The role of the Regional and District Authorities in environmental and resettlement matters are either regulated by their statutes or delegated by the Central Government. The President's Office -Regional Administration and Local Governments will inform Singida Regional Government about the EAP measures adopted at Central Government level. Even though regional offices cuiTently lack the technical and financial resources to enforce an environmental process, they have the administrative authority to inspect the application of all measures. They also instruct the District Offices on how to participate to the project and how to mobilize the concerned local communities. This encourages a multi-disciplinary approach, that is cooperative and collaborative, as required in addressing impact mitigation and resettlement issues. 7.3.5 Administrative schedule. The management process outlined in the previous paragraphs is estimated to require three months for completion. Table 7.6 EAP management schedule (2003-04) EAP activities Months since August 2003 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Tanrioads: appointment of Environmental Desk Officerl 2. Desk Officer: preparation of Project Environmental Memorandumi 3. Vice President's Office: preparation of EAP schedule 4. Vice President's Office: notice to Ministries and other Agencies _ 5. Ministries, other Agencies: comments on Memorandum and Schedule 6. Vice President's Office: notice to Ministry of Local Government & RA - 7 Regional administration and Local Government: noticc to Singida Regional Govemment 8. Singida Regional Govemment: notice to Districts, NGOs, communities 9. Operational start-up of Administrative framework operations Densification of administrative procedures in the first part of the bar chart betokens the tight time frame of the proposed administrative architecture. 7.3.6 Contractual compoinents of the environmental action plan. The environmental measures incorporated in the detailed engineering design will be attached, along with their bill of quantities, to the Works Contract. The Contractor shall take stock of the contents of the final design version of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the project. 7.3.7 Proposed sutpervision system. An environmental expert should be appointed to assist the Works Supervisor, in order to make sure that the Environmental Measures are effectively complied with and timely adjusted whenever necessary. The expert will be familiar with the scientific measurement of environmental impacts and remedies. He will work on a part-time basis and may be selected, by the firm in charge of works supervision, from the roster of national environmental experts. He will liaise with the relevant public agencies and will carry out the training scheme associated to his assignment (see § 10.6.3). 7.3.8 EAP monitoring. Monitoring devices are needed to check if and to what extent the impacts are mitigated, benefits enhanced and new problems addressed. The monitoring scheme should be geared to ensure, inter alia, that: - earthwork crews spare top soil for later use in re-vegetation Aninex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 47 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design PFinal Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b - construction camps are well managed, avoiding environmental and social disruption - water quality is preserved at bridge and culvert construction sites - spill prevention methods are utilized for fuels, lubricants, solvents (leak inspection, etc.) - trees and green barriers are planted along the road. The competent Authority (Vice President's Office, see § 8) will monitor the EAP. 7.3.9 Enivironmental audit. It is recommended that audits verify the long-term effects of the adopted measures. It is also advised that audits be carried out on the project as part of the maintenance program. The audits will unveil the performance of mitigation measures, allowing effective measures to be included in future projects. Based on the legislation in force, the National Environmental Council is responsible for such audits (see § 10.2.1).. 7.3.10 Personnel and training. The Environmental Assistant of the Works Supervisor will transfer his professional know-how to the regional and district-level administrative staff - either through on-the-job activities or through shoilt formal courses at Singida regional headquarters - in order to strengthen their performance in participating to the implementation of the EAP. The project will earmark a sum for this purpose. The Environmental Assistant will design and deliver the environmental training packages. 7.3.11 Constraintsto be overcorne. A lack of local environmental policies and conmmitment at regional level may impair. EAP implementation. At present, a systematic consideration of environmental risks stemming from infrastructure project is still uncommon, especially at local administrative level. Procedures for project screening and impact assessment are yet to be fully institutionalized, despite the initiatives undertaken by the Vice President's Office and the National Environmental Council. To achieve a solid implementation framework, special efforts must be deployed by the administrative staff of Tanroads at central and local level. 7.3.12 Mainzteniance handbook. The preparation of a dedicated "Maintenance Handbook" is recommnended for Singida-Shelui road, for the following reasons: i. some proposed engineering solutions, as geo-mats or geo-cells to protect the road cuttings through Sekenke Escarpment are not diffused in Tanzania (see Fig. 14 to 17) ii. the viaducts across Kinkungu river need regular, intensive maintenance taking into account their technological characteristics iii. fire-shields and the stock-route require mandatory maintenance, in collaboration with the Forestry Department and the Livestock Department As the staff in charge of road maintenance is highly mobile, the handbook will help reducing the need to renovate the same written instructions all the times a new maintenance engineer is appointed at regional or district level. As mentioned in § 9.4, the Handbook should be jointly prepared by the various concerned Agencies, under the coordination of the Environmental Department of the Vice President's Office. A subvention can be budgeted for this purpose. 7.3.13 Comnmunity participationto EAP. During the field mission, the Consultant has made preliminary field checks to gauge the opinion of local leaders and comrnmunity members toward the ecological and resettlement implications of Singida-Shelui Road Project. Consultations have also been carried out with regional and district authorities and village groups. The response has been largely positive at all levels, but the approach was inevitably general and somehow abstract. In fact, the respondents usually enthused vis-a-vis the perspective of solving the major transport problems of the region. The ecological and resettlement costs and implications were inevitably overshadowed by the expected benefits. Therefore, a second passage is required, now that the key environmental themes are analytically focused by the present report and detailed questionnaires can be circulated to elicit response on the required administrative and participatory conu-nitments. It is therefore suggested to carry out, during the final design stage, a deeper field enquiry, to elicit comments and suggestions by local authorities, after the present report - or a revised/improved version - is circulated among them. At the same time, a Annex 8 -Part 21) Annex 8 - 48 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 2b simplified opinion poll could take place among the representatives of local NGOs and significant rural and urban communities of the Road Influence Area. 8. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS 8.1 Overall cost estimates Environmental mitigation and enhancement measures - including remedial works and investment to offset construction damages and post-construction impacts of road use - are estimated at 1,130,000 US $, equal to 2,4% of total project costs. Investment costs for ancillary infrastructure and other follow-up interventions are not included in the project, as they will be borme by the central and regional administrations, with the participatory effort of local tirban and rural communities. 8.2 Cost of environmental mitigation and enlhancement measures 8.2.1 Cost of mitigation measures. The remedial works required to cancel the ecological damages made during road construction are tabulated below. Table 8.1 Envir-onmnental impact mitigation costs, inclludinzg remedial works and support to local inistitutions/coiznmutnities(in US $) Item I Unit I Quantity Unit Rate Total Cost Phases I & II. Mitigation of the impact of construction works (*) 1.1 Filling/leveling of quarries, pits, rubble mounds m 270;000 2 540,000 1.2 Reforestation of 1.1 above Ha 30 1,200 36,000 1.3 Reforestation of camps, yard sites, detours, etc. Ha 20 1,200 24,000 1.4 Disposal pits for solid, liquid waste m 5,000 10 50,000 1.6 Vegetation cover of cutting slopes m 60,000 t 60,000 1.7 "To spoil" areas (reforestation with indigenous trees) Ha 45 1200 40,000 1.8 Other work mitigation costs lump sum 50,000 Sutb-total I 800,000 Phase Ill. Mitigation of the impact of road use & maintenance (only start-tip costs) 2.1 Tree planting in villages crossed by the road seedling 4,000 5 20,000 2.2 Fire baiTiers in forest areas seedlinig 10,000 5 50,000 2.3 Entrance gates & signs, Sekenke/ Wembere Reserves 10,000 10,000 2.4 Awareness campaign for forests & wildlife lump sum 20,000 2.5 Support to local environmental NGOs lump sum 45,000 2.6 Support to locat Govemment environmental services lump sum 35,000 2.7 Health measures including HIV protection lump sum 50,000 Sub-total 2 230,000 Grand Total 1,030,000 () 77Te cost oftlie E,iviro,z,ietialAssistatit oftihe Works Supervisor will be born by tle Supeivisioni Co,it ract. Key to table 8.1 Itemn.s 1.2, 1.3. Reforestation requires 400 plant seedlings per ha, to be supplied by local nurseries at 3 to 5 US$ per plant, including land preparation, seedling production, planting, manurig, pest control, first watering, fencing against browsing animals, replacement if necessary (10%). Item 1.5. Tree rows with screening plants at intervals of 10 m. Average cost: 5 US$ per plant. Activities are the same as for item 1.21 (individual protection of plant, regular watering until full.growth, guardianship). Iteml 2.1. Awareness campaign will be organized and delivered by the local branches of the Forestry Department in collaboration with the Regional Engineer of the Ministuy of Works. Anilex 8 - Part 2b Annex 8 - 49 Technziplanl Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Anntex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part2b lIemtis 2.2, 2.3. Local Government and NGO services will be assisted to develop nurseries, diffuse energy-saving ovens and multiply the effects of the environmental awareness campaign. The total cost of the remedial works to be included in the Bill of Quantities and other contract documents is estimated at 1,030,000 US$. As far as the mitigation of the impact of road use and maintenance is concerned, only the costs of the first year (start-up costs) are considered. The costs of ancillary infrastructure are not budgeted, as the project will not support them. Their cost will be shared between the Central and the Regional Governments. 8.2.2 Cost of the enhancement measures. They will cover two major components, for a total amount of 100,000 US $: Measures to allay the environmental impacts of road use: an awareness campaign should be financed to promote forest and wildlife protection, tree planting, control of firewood cutting and other ecological measures. The campaign should be undertaken in collaboration with the Local Governments and NGOs based in Singida. 50,000 US $ can be earmarked for this purpose. CultUral heritage and tourism: The project should subsidize a cultural tourism program for the prehistoric and historic sites mentioned in § 50,000, including: o completion of rock drawings inventory, as a follow-up of WARA Project: 15,000 US $ o preparation of brochures and organization of cultural tourism circuits in the Road Influence Area: US $ 20,000 o preparation of brochures and organization of eco-tourism circuits in the Road Influence Area: US $ 15,000 Annex 8 -Part 2b Annex 8 - 50 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIiA Part 3 PART 3 RESETTLEMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (RIA) & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) Anlex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 51 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 9. RllESSETTLEMENT IMPACT ASSESSEMENT & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 9.1 Project Description in Relation to Resettlement The road influence area is characterized by four types of urban and rural settlements as reviewed below: i. Remote Village Areas ii. Village Areas Crossed by the Road iii. Trade Centers iv. Urban Areas, 9.1.1 Remote Village Areas. The rural territory - which covers 96% of Singida Region - is divided among 236 Administrative Village Areas (AVA). The AVA are the smallest telTitorial units, at the bottom level of the administrative hierarchy.1 The Regional Govemment, with foreign aid, is mapping their boundaries. The AVA have an average surface of 210 sq km with 3,600 inhabitants, two-thirds farmers, the rest semi-nomadic herdsmen, both segments sharing common lineage affiliations. In remote areas, uninfluenced by road traffic,2 most hanlets have traditional, nucleated layouts, with the homesteads built concentrically around the main meeting place, where the house of the elected Village Chairman is frequently found. No regular street grid separates the compounds. Hedges or palisades encompass the huts where the households, usually more than one, reside. Land occupancy rights are still inspired by customary law and household members take care of the tracks, the water supply and other communal facilities. Isolated homesteads are rare in the countryside, save seasonal herdsmen camps, makeshift farming shacks and a few compounds of medicine men. Specialized buildings - stores, temples, offices - are uncormmon, except primary schools, located a mile or so from the nearest hamlet and serving more than one AVA. As traditional hamlets lie far from the road, their land tenure system will hardly be affected by the project. 9.1.2 Village Areas traversed by tlze project road. Singida -Shelui Road splits 10 AVA, covering a total surface of 2,500 sq kin, with some 40,000 inhabitants. General features. Unlike traditional hamlets , the villages crossed by the project road are modern settlements, with a regular layout complying with the physical planning rules introduced by the Government since the 1960s. Under such rules, the village streets must be reshaped into a geometric grid on both sides of the trunk road, clear of the right of way. The elected Village Chairman is responsible for rule abidance. He allocates square plots to those who intend to build new houses. The old houses were realigned in the grid long time ago. The State owns the land but the dwellers enjoy a free occupancy right, compensated if the plot is confiscated for public utility. The built-up portions of the modern AVA are ribbon shaped, with house rows lining both sides of the highway to exploit through-fare business opportunities. The Village Areas crossed by the project road feature specialized buildings facing the road front, such as stores, bars, small hotels, eating rooms and workshops. Vendor stalls and shacks are also frequent. I Village Areas are grouped int Wards (KaLa), which in their turn are grouped in Districts (Wilaya). Larger villages are divided itn adminiistrative quariersanid hamlets. 2 rhe region's trunk roads connlect Singida Town respectively with: Manyoni, Arusha and Nzega Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 52 Tech niplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annlex 8 - ElA, SlIA & RIA Part3 Along the road, village dwellers are ethnically mixed and economically diversified, with immigrants from other regions. Extended families are rarer than in remote hamlets. Upgraded Village Quarters. Along Singida-Shelui road section, the Regional Government has participated to the development of some major villages, like Misigiri, Ulemo and Shelui Nselembwe, designing grid-shaped quarters served by streets, wells, markets and other amenities. The Local Government has built the urban infrastructure of these new quarters and rents out the plots for Sh 4,500 yearly to those who intend to build houses, complying with the prescribed rural-construction standards. Although Upgraded Village Quarters date back to the 1980s, half of them are still empty due to weak demand (or over-sized offer). The underdevelopment is contributed by: * People prefer the plots granted free-of-charge by the Village Chairmen, * The Regional Government lacks funds to complete the infrastructure of the planned quarters. Among the Government-sponsored Upgraded Village Quarters, only one, in Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center, is affected by the present road project (see below). 9.1.3 Trade Centers: they are a special category of settlements, founded by Arab merchants in rural Tanzania more than a century ago. Such Centers enjoy a legally-defined urban status, blending the authority of an elected Council with the customary trading prestige of the descendants of the Arab forefathers, most coming from the Sultanate of Oman. Over the years, the Trade Centers have attracted a host of incomers from Singida and other regions. Their population is in the 2,000-5,000 range, mostly made up of traders-cum-farm. The migration turnover is quite high. The District Town Planning Offices have re-designed the layout of the Trade Centers, featuring rectangular plots of a standard size (m 15 by 10), rented by the Regional Government at Sh 4,500 yearly to both the old residents and the newcomers. Numerous traders rent two or rnore contiguous plots to have a multi-compartment house. District Authorities build streets, wells, drains, latrines, markets, bus stops, postal services and other amenities. There is a primary school in each Trading Center. Singida - Shelui road section cuts across two Trading Centers, namely: Iguguno at km 22, Shelui -Nselembwe at km 86:. 9.1 .4 Singida Urban Area.. Singida Town rose as a Trade Center established in pre-colonial times by an Arab merchant near the ruler's headquarters of a local ethnic group. In the colonial period, the town became a major administrative center. Nowadays, Singida Urban Area covers a District surface of 310 km2 , with 150,000 inhabitants. The town core extends over 15 km2 with 95,000 residents. The remaining urban administrative area is, as a matter of fact, strewn with small rural settlements. Singida - Shelui road cuts across 10 km of Urban District land, northwestward from the present zero point until Singida Rural District border. Up to km 10, the road cuts across typical countryside landscapes, with agro-pastoral villages, hamlets and sparse homesteads. The project will slightly affect Singida town as the right of way is quite narrow in Singida's urban outskirts - 15 m on each roadside, as prescribed by urban street regulations few buildings encroach into the corTidor. 9.2 Potential Impacts The upgrading of the road to bitumen standards requires the respect of the right of way, totaling 54.25 acres. Such right is 22.5 m on each side of the design centerline in the rulal areas, for a total length of 99.427 km. For 10 km of road in Singida Urban District the right of way is 15 m on both side of the centerline. The design route will cross 12 major towns and villages. In each settlement the project will impact on current land use both within the right of way corridor and outside. It requires the relocation and compensation of both residential buildings, business or Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 53 Tech niplaui Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 community service premises and farms. For this reason, some buildings belonging to the Admninistrative Village Areas (AVA) intersected by the road must be demolished. At Iguigiuno trading center: The road will be realigned. It will cross in the farrmlands and residential areas. Some buildings will be demolished. The bypass around the town will not physically affect the Center. However, the center will be economically affected as local business people will miss the new traffic flow and will be obliged either to resettle closer to the new route, or to try a new chance elsewhere. It is now a matter of local policy whether the project should assist this spontaneous relocation effort, even though precedents of this kind can hardly be found in earlier environmental studies for road projects across the country. It is most likely that the settlements will move towards the new road realignment as it is not far (about lkm) from Iguguno trading center. At Sheliui Nselembwe Trade Center: The project road will affect the Center physically but also slightly in business-wise: in fact, a whole row of houses and commercial premises lining the right side of the road, Tabora direction, encroaches into the right of way, but can be relocated in the immediate vicinities, possibly without damaging the business opportunities. The improvement of road may affect the business at Shelui trading center, as many vehicles may not stop at Shelui due to good road condition. The resettlement in the area will be contributed by road construction works including road realignment, civil works, borrow pitting activities, camp siting and detours. Aong others, the resettlement impacts resulting from this undertaking covers: - Displacing a total of 113 building structtires which accommodates 52 businesses, 61 residencies, 2 offices and one mosque. However, 9 building structures are under construction. - Displacing the total farming area amount to 59.25acres.. Impact of the road project oin the farinlands. The impact on the farmlands along the road will be limited. In fact: - no cultivation does encroach on the existing right of way - the realigned sections of the road will cross farmlands for a length of 5 km. - the selected borrow pits are located in thickets and other currently unfarmed areas - quarries lie far from farm plots - the new Sekenke route will run along Kinkungu river through steep, unfarmed hills. Many fallow areas are suitable for contractors' work sites, detours and waste disposal. The project road is likely to affect 59.25 acres of existing farmlands due to road realignments or borrow pit use, as summarized below: Table 9.1 : Suimmary of the impact of the project on localfarms Areas Farmlands Number of plots ______(acres) ______Iguguno bypass 54.25 34 Minor realignments 3.0 10 BoTrow pits 2.0 2 Total 59.2 46 Souirce: Consiltatnt'sfield survey, Auigust-September 2001 and Tanroadsfield survey May 2003 Atinex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 54 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fijal Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 The displaced community in terms of losing their farmlands and houses will be compensated and relocated accordingly. 9.3 Objectives The main objective of this resettlement programe is to improve or at least to restore the social and economic base of those to be relocated along Singida - Shelui road. In implementing this resettlement programme Tanzania legislations and World Bank Operation Directives related to resettlement have been followed 9.4 Socio-economic Study: 9.4.1 Land use azd land tenure system in the road area (a) Land use. The land use patterns of Singida Region are as summarized below: Table 9.2: Land teniure categories of Singida Region Land use type km2 % I [ Farmlands (mostly annual crops) 2,600 5.4 2 Fallow and open grazing & hunting land 32,000 66.1 3 Thicket 7,500 15.5 4 Forests of various densities 6,200 12.8 5 Built-up areas 140 0.2 Total 48,440 100.0 Solurce: Consultant's estimates combining various statistical references and field checks The Road Influence Area reflects, on a small scale, the broad land-use pattern of Singida Region. (b) Land tenure system. The land of Singida Region is a govemment property as applicable in Tanzania. The local population is entitled to occupancy rights, as defined by the Land Act of 1999 and the related secondary legislation. The existing land ownership in rural village areas along the project road is customary ownership and mnajority of the households in the urban area and trading centers along the project road have the Land Title Deed.. Legally, the Land Tenure System of Singida Region is articulated in five Territorial Sub-Systems, namely: i. Village Areas: they comprise all rural territories except the Forest and Game Reserves ii. Trade Centers: as part of urban land use, they include built-up areas and small outskirts iii. Urban Areas: they are three, engulfing the district town centers and their rural outski-ts iv. Forest Reserve in Sekenke escarpment v. Game Reserve in Wembere lowlands The use of farmlands, rangelands, forests and other natural resources is regulated within the framework of the five Territorial Tenure Sub-Systems, whose features are profiled in the table below and reviewed in the subsequent descriptions. Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 55 Technziplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 Table 9.3: Lanid tenutre sub-systems of Singida Region Area Sub-systems No. kM2 % of Description km ~R egion's ______1. Village Areas 236 47,050 95.60 Basic Territorial Units 2. Trade Centers 5 25 0.01 Igugoe o, Shelui Nselesbwe and 3. Urban Areas (1) 4 410 1.00 Singida Town and three other District Townships 4. Forest Reserves 1 1,800 3.65 Sekenke 5. Game Reserves 1 60 0.12 Wembere Total 49,345 100.00 4 Districts (3 of them in the road influence area) (1) Including the rutral outskirts of the District Towns The road influence area covers some 20,000 km2 within Singida Region, of which about 18,300 belong to Village Areas, 310 to Urban Areas, 5 to Trade Centers and 1,860 to Forest and Game Reserves. (c) Hunting regime. All rural territories except built-up areas and Forest and Game Reserves have the status of "Open Lands", where the wild animals that are unprotected by the law can be hunted freely. Hunters must pay to the Government the gazetted hunting fees. 9.4.2 Other Social Economiic Issutes: The population and other social issues were reviewed as indicated in Appendix C, D, E, F and G of this Annex. 9.5 Legal Flraniework 9.5.1 Applicable rules. The Land Act and Village Land Act of 1999, Land Regulations of 2001 and the Government Standing Order on expropriation for public utility prescribe that the holders of occupancy rights on the land estates pre-empted for the works must be compensated and assisted to relocate their assets in the nearest suitable place. Most expropriation disputes in similar projects are due to disagreements on the value at which the estate and its improvements are to be compensated. The compulsory resettlement of constructions, farms and business premises must ensure at least equal compensation values, both to the legal owners and to those who have occupied the road reserve area disregarding the right of way. 3 According to the law, the expropriated owner must be compensated with a price equal to the value that the "un- exhausted improvements" (buildings, infrastructure, plantations, etc.) would fetch if sold on the open market. 4The replacement value is defined as the cost of acquiring a similar estate and putting up such improvements as those existing when evaluated. Allowance is made for age, state of repair and economic obsolescence. According to Tanzania law, the compensation should cover: i) Market value of the real property (i.e value of un-exhausted improvements and land). ii) Accommodation allowance (i.e market rent of the affected building per month multiplied by 36 months). 3Equal also apply to illegal houses built inside the road reserve area. 4"Un-exhausted improvenients ", i.e., those notfitlly depreciated, mean any quality permanently attached to the land, resultinigfiom capital or labor expenditure by the holder of a Right of Occupancy. Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 56 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Anntex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 iii) Loss of profit allowance which is assessed by establishing Net Profit per month evidenced by audit accounts multiplied by 36 months. iv) Disturbance allowance which is calculated by the value of the land by average percentage rate of interest offered by commercial banks on 12 months fixed deposit at the tine of loss of interest in land. v) Transport allowance which is actual cost of transporting 12 tons of luggage rail or road (whichever is cheaper) within 20 km from the point of displacement. 9.5.2 .Real estate compensation rules. According to current applicable legislation in Tanzania, the land has a value. The land owner with either a title deed or customary ownership has to be compensated in cash for loosing the land for other development. The Government will simply provide the resettled owner with alternative land plots of the same size in the nearest suitable location for both residential and business purposes. The resettled individuals have to buy the alternative plot for resettlemenit. Free plots are available close to the buildings and farms that will -be removed from the road reserve area. The, District Council authorities, in collaboration with Wards (Kata) authorities and village chairmen, will assist the resettlement of the displaced owners as indicated in Appendix L. TANROADS in collaboration with the government valuer has identified the holders of dislocated occupancy rights and estimated the value of such rights. The District Council in collaboration with. the village government will provide plots to accommodate the displaced owners. The Ministry of Finance through TANROADS will liquidate the compensation sums using project funds. 9.5.3 Farmland compensation ruiles. Majority of the farmlands along Singida Shelui road section belong to individuals. Some are State owned and are managed by village authorities under the supervision of the Local Government. The allocation of individual property rights at village level will be implemented as stipulated by the Land Act and Village Land Acts of 1999 which covers: o Farmers to enjoy individual occupancy rights allocated by Village Councils as well as . customary land tenureship. O Farmers be legally entitled to compensation for loss of crops, grazing land or forest. o The government be liquidated by the project for the loss of rangelands in the bolTow pits. 9.5.4 Detours and campsite: Compensation should follow the guidelines stipulated in this report.. 9.5.5 Gap analysis. The Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA) and the Resettlement Action Plan RAP have been prepared to make it consistent with both Tanzanian law and WB OP 4.12. A 'gap analysis' has been undertaken as required by OP 4.12, in order to measure the difference between Tanzanian law and World Bank requirements, with special attention for farmland, rangeland, forests and access to other basic resources. The analysis indicates when Tanzanian law and the World Bank Operation Policy are not full in accord, the higher of the two standard will apply. This approach fully meets the requirement of the lesser standard. On the expropriation for public utility the World Bank provisions further emphasized that: - the squatters and the renters of properties and businesses must be compensated and assisted for suitable relocation - not only property but also business must be considered in compensation - the use of rangelands and forest lands are part of the economic asset base and must be compensated in case of temporary or permanent interruption - farmers must be compensated not only for lost crops but also for the loss of occupancy rights and they must be assisted to find an equal or better relocation site - the value of crops and properties must be valuated on a market basis and not imposed by bulletins attached to formal legal provisions Annicx 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 57 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 - the use of borrow pits, quarries, camp sites and detour areas must not be negotiated between the contractors and the village authorities but must be compensated on the basis of the economic parameters defined by the Resettlement Action Plan 9.5.6 Clearance proceduire for RAP. All RAP procedures will be cleared with both the Governlment of Tanzania and the World Bank. 9.6 Eligibility The consultant carried out a 100 percent reconnaissance of impacts. This was been carried out in August 2001. However, the consultant's' report was inadequate to effectively address the resettlement issues in the project area. In May 2003, TANROADS officials and Government valuer reviewed the resettlement reconnaissance and consultants report to address among others, the comments raised by the World Bank. The reconnaissance has covered all structures and farms whether legal or illegally existing. Most of the affected properties to be displaced are located in the traditional land ownership. The project will compensate all constructions, both permanent and temporally, put up squatters within the existing right of way. The compensation has been detailed in terms of the same market value as a legal structure. The same resettlement package will be offered to regular settlers and business people and squatters. The renters and leases are eligible for assistance. The authorities will make sure that the rights of the person who uses the building are compensated in accordance with the rules set out in both Tanzanian legislation and World Bank Operation Directives. The displaced person in the project area includes the communities owning the houses, farm plots and businesses within the right of way. Two households and two farm plots are likely to be affected by borrow pitting activities though are not within the right of way. Other properties which will be considered for compensation are those which will be affected during the road construction activities particularly those resulting from detours and camp siting. Currently it is estimated that ten plots will be affected by detours. The actual relocation cost for the detours will be undertaken during road construction and will be taken care by the contractor. However, it is envisaged that the detours will be kept to mninimum. The cut-off date for eligibility for relocation is May, 2003. The compensation will be implemented within 6 months after the approval of the valuation report. Thereafter, the penalty equivalent to the commercial bank rate for the fixed deposit account will be charged. 9.7 Valuationi procedure and compensation for losses 9.7.1 Survey method. The road project will impact upon properties and business activities, both inside and outside the road reserve corridor. 5 After reviewing the land use patterns and land tenure systems of the project region, the RIA study has assessed the expected impacts of the project upon: i. Settlements, buildings and related business activities ii. Farmlands, rangelands an woodlands outside forest reserves iii. Forest reserves and game reserves Given the relatively soft impact of the project on land resources and real estates, the survey has adopted a 100% reconnaissance method, without the need to use any sampling technique. 5 The lanid utse patterns and settlements along the road and in its influence area are described in Part 1, § 4. Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 58 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Annlex 8 - ElIA, SIA & RIA Part3 9.7.2 Collaboration with local authorities and communities in RAP Preparation. The Consultant has carried out a detailed field inventory of the resettlement needs generated by the project. The inventory has involved the key local stakeholders, such as: (a) the Land Office of Singida Region (b) The three Town Planning Offices of Singida and Iramba Districts (c) ad-hoc Resettlement Committees set up by the targeted urban and rural communities. Public consultation has been can-ied out at two levels. Firstly public consultation was undertaken with stakeholders along the project cotTidor. The participants in the consultation process had a strong conviction that paving the road will have a positive and profound impact on their lives and livelihood, and they were genuinely grateful for this "overdue" development. Negative impacts, like road safety, were cited. The fieldwork has focused on the buildings, business premises and farms dislocated by the project. The results of the participatory assessment work, including the minutes of the meetings with local stakeholders, are displayed in Appendix P 9.7.3 Conmpensation criteria for butildings, businesses and farms to be relocated. The property, businesses and farms to be relocated from the design right of way will be dealt with as follows: Legal constructions. The resettlement scheme will compensate the owners of constructions for their losses and will provide alternative areas for relocation with equal opportunities. Illegal structures. The project will compensate all constructions, both permanent and temporary, put up by squatters within the existing right of way. The compensation has been detailed in terms of the same market value as legal structures. The same resettlement package will be offered to regular settlers and business people and squatters. Business Compensation. As far as commercial business is concerned, the project considers the payment in terms of allowances for loss of profit for 36 months. People loosing temporary business structures (e.g. vending stalls), will be assisted for suitable relocation. As to the benefits entitled to those who rent a business space in a structure to be demolished, the emphasis will-be not on compensation, but on restoring income and access to the asset base. Hence, in case of those rentinig business, this means that the project will compensate the losses and provide assistance to find another suitable business location. Farms compensation: the existing farms will be displaced by road realignment, detours and borrow pitting activities. The compensation will be implemented according to the rules In undertaking valuation of prpoerties for compensation, the value of salvaged materials have not been deducted from the valuation of affected premises. 9.7.4 Invento,y of resettlement needs. In August 2001, the Consultant inventorised buildings presently occupying the perimeter of the future road reserve area, either confirmed or realigned. The inventory was carried out jointly with the Local Authorities, including: a. Singida Regional Lands Office, represented by the Senior Lands Officer and the Chief Surveyor, who personally joined the consulting team for 20 full working days b. The three Town Planning Officers of Singida Urban District (km I to 10 of the road), Singida Rural District (km 10 to 40) and Iramba District (km 40 to 110), summoned by the Regional Land Office Aninex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 59 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 c. The Divisions authorities of Kinyangiri, Kinampanda, Kisiriri, and Shelui d. The Village Chairmen of the concerned settlements However, in May 2003 Tanroads officials and a government valuer from Singida town council in collaboration with above-mentioned stakeholders revisited the inventory of properties to be resettled in favour of road construction. Table 9.4: Settlements crossed by Singida -Shelui road Settlement Chainage Population Settlement Type (km) (2001) 1 Singida Towr 0 150,000 Urban core & suburban outskirts Semi-traditional Administrative Village 2 Manga 13 2,500 Area (AVA) Modern AVA with all houses 3 Msisi 18 3,000 realigned into , aagi grid patternatr 4 Ntondo 20 2,000 Modem AVA, 80 % of houses realigned Trade Center designed by Singida Town 5 Iguguno (1) 32 5,500 Planning Office 6 Tumuli 40 3,800 Semi-traditional AVA with regional 6 um4,800livestock market Semi-traditional AVA, 40 % of 7 Kitusha 55 2,700 realigned houses 8 Kyengege 61 4,800 Modern AVA, 65% of houses realigned Modem AVA with Urban Development 9 Ulemo 70 5,700 Qutarter Modem AVA with 10 Misigiri 74 5,300 Quarter Urban Development Shelui Trade Center designed by Iramba Nselembwe 95 6,000 Planning Office Town 12 Malende 106 3,500 Modem AVA, half of the houses realigned (1) Bypassed by the realignment, which will cut across the town'sfarmlands Apart from Iguguno Town and Sekenke Escarpment, the design route will mostly follow the present gravel road, so that for 88 km out of 109.427km the works will hardly disturb property beyond the existing road reserve area. The need to meet design standards has just led to minor adjustments of the horizontal geometry, with little if any dislocation of real estates. Minor realignments will entail compensating just 3 ha of farmlands and no constructions. TANROADS in collaboration with the Government Valuer undertook a detailed assessment of resettlement need and valuation of properties to be displaced by road project implementation. 9.7.5 Assessment of buildings and busiltess value. The Consultant has assessed one by one all the buildings that must be destroyed within the confirmed or realigned right of way of the project road. The assessment has been carried out mobilizing the Land Office of Singida Region, the Land Offices of Singida Urban, Singida Rural and Iramba Districts and the communities of the 12 concerned towns and villages. During the assessment every individual to be affected in terms of being relocated was required to form to declare the properties and estimated values for compensation of the property (Appendix R- Typical form). The form is in Swahili version to enable the DPs to fill easily. In the assessment of the buildings and business value it was revealed that: Annex 8-ParL3 Annex 8 - 60 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fitial Report: Annlex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 (a) The towns and major villages are well planned on both sides of the road, with most houses beyond the 45-meter right of way. Despite that, a few buildings - mainly shops, bars and mills - exist within the present right of way of the road. As they do not comply with road reserve legislation, the owners have not invested too much. The major settlements traversed by the project road - among which Singida Urban, Msisi, Misigiri, Shelui Nselembwe - have relatively high standard houses. Cement/sand blocks or burnt bricks are used for foundations and walls as well as corrugated iron sheets for roofing. However, a few houses in major centers and many houses in minor villages, like Manga Msisi or Iguguno are made of mud-anld-poles for walls, grass thatching for roofs. Based on construction elements, the Land Offices of the concerned Districts have classified the buildings to be demolished in tlhee categories, attributing to each category an estimated value. If the building is in good conditions, the compensation for loss of construction can be estimated according to the standard established by the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlement Development. The typical properties valuation analysis was undertaken as presented in Appendix K. Some of the building structures are makeshift constructions, with mud-brick walls, tin plates and thatched roofs. All buildings in the 45 m right of way have been carefully inventoried and mapped by the topographic survey at scale 1:2000 carried out for the present project. The project will compensate the squatters for the removal of illegal constructions. (b) Mole than half of the buildings to be demolished close to the road are presently used as commercial, like shops, guesthouses, restaurants, kiosks, groceries and bars. Some buildings host artisan services, as grain mills, garages and workshops. Places of worship are also found near the road and a small mosque occupies the right of way in Shelui 9.7.6 Individual resettlement of buildings in the Village Areas (km 10 to 109.427km). Some houses lie outside the plots designed by the Districts Town Planning Officers. Such houses form rows parallel to the legal plots, but closer than. allowed to the road. This may be due to the owner's eagerness to be closer to commercial traffic. Some Village Chairmen tolerate such behavior. The field inventory of the buildings to be demolished in the two Rural Districts along the road was carried out in August 2001 in collaboration with local government leadership including village leaderships. The buildings and business to be affected are found in Manga, Kitusha, Kyegenge, Ulemo, Misigiri and Malende villages (Appendix J) Table 9.5: Buildings, businesses and farms to be resettled in the Village Area (excludinlg Msisi, Iguigitno anid Shelui) District Buildings Residential Business Farm Singida Rural 3 3 Iramba 14 8 10 3 Total 17 8 13 3 Souirce: Consultatit's field inzvestigations, August-September 2001 and Taniroads field investigation May 2003 9.7.7 Resettlement of commtinity structures and Sensitive Properties. As far as the sensitive properties are concerned, there is only one mosque at Shelui. The mosque serves about 30 people. The mosque lies in the project right of way, at 106km in Shelui Village Area. The mosque is about 6m x 12 m, it is built in mud bricks. OP 4.12 has clear provision for restoring access to community structures, including mosques. A plan for the resettlement of the mosque is included in the RAP. The compensation and replacement package is included in individual Anniex 8-Pat3 Annex 8 - 61 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 resettlement of buildings in the Village Areas, km 10 to 109.427 as indicated in Appendix J. Special attention was undertaken and stakeholders were consulted to explain the issue of relocating the mosque. A study team held a detailed discussion with stakeholders of the mosque which includes imams, sheikhs, worshipers and mosque sponsors. There was a mutual agreement for the relocation of the mosque as presented in Appendix (R). However, during evaluation this amount was elevated to ease the relocation of this property. 9.7.8 Collective resettlement of Msisi Village (km 22). Msisi represents an outstanding case. Located 20 km away from Singida, it is a compact village, with an urban grid traced according to the guidelines of the District Town Planning Office. Unfortunately, the house rows on both sides of the road lie within less than 25 m off the centerline and occupy a higher ground than the road. A total of 39 buildings must be displaced, as the centerline follows the existing route iiside Msisi village. These buildings accommodate 14 businesses and 33 residences. The detailed inventory of the buildings to be demolished is shown in Appendix J with the names of the owners, the description of the buildings and their value, as estimated by the Government Valuer. It was agreed that all the buildings would be shifted to other areas, with compensation paid by the government through the project fund. 9.7.9 Resettlement of buildings in Singida Urban District (kin 0 to 10). Within the outskirts of Singida Town, from the zero point of the road until the border with Singida Rural District at km 10, a total of four buildings lie within less than 15 m of the design centerline. This is in contrast with the building regulations in the area. Table 9.6: Buildings in the right of way, Singida Urban District(kzn 1-10) Use of the buildings to be dislocated Residential | Commercial | Total 0 4 4 9.7.10 Collective resettlement of Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center (km 92). Within the Trade Center, a total of 35 building structures located on the right side of the road (Tab6ra border direction) lie within less than 25 m of the design centerline. The buildings accommodates 26 businesses and 3 residencies. The houses built outside the urban plots designed by the Town Planning Officer of Iramba District in the 1980s - are located parallel to the legal plots but closer than allowed to the road. The aim of the owners was to establish their business as close to traffic as possible. The encroachment of the right of way was tolerated by District Authorities. The detailed inventory of 35 building structures to be demolished in Shelui Nselembwe are shown in Appendix J (This excludes mosque). The buildings date from the last 15 years or less, all of them are made with cement blocks and have roofs of corTugated iron sheets. All the buildings will be rebuilt in a new estate close to the same side of the road. The District authorities will not license for the same activities the owners of the houses which will be in the road's frontline after the demolition of the present row of business premises. This will help the resettled business owners to promptly re-establish their commercial services. Annex S-Part3 Annex 8 - 62 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annlex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 9.7.11 Resettlement of agricuIlturalactivities and BuiIlding resuIltingfrom Igugunlo Bypass (km 32) (a) Overview. The upgraded road will bypass Iguguno town. Figure 13 in Part 4 illustrates the present road and the bypass alignment through Iguguno urban area. The road crosses 5km of farmlands. Due to the local 3-year rotation system, 1/3 of the farmlands are under actual cropping in any given year on either side of the road. The staple crops along the existing alignment includes sorghum,, maize, bush millet, sunflower, groundnuts and other crops. In general, the plots are cultivated in the main rainy season. Only 10% of the farms, those which lie in favorable drainage positions, are cultivated two seasons a year. (b) Compensation criteria of agricuIltural resources. According to World Bank's OP 4.12, the project is responsible to ensure that any farmer dispossessed of his land is given access to cultivate alternative land of equal or better quality and is compensated for relocation costs. He will also be paid for the loss of the crops destroyed by the road works. Compensation will be based on the actual market values of the crop, regardless of the nominal values prescribed by the legislation in force. Such values are very low, as they date back to 10 years ago. The compensation rates will not be left to the contractor and farmer to negotiate individually. The present study has endeavoured to determine them fairly and consistently for the whole project area. The individuals have been recognised as loosing not only their crop, but also their access to land. This is all part of their asset base. In order to restore their income stream, therefore, their entitlement package reflects all their assets as indicated in Appendix J. (c) Resettlemenzt of farmlands and building at Igugiunio bypass (km 32-39). To build the 5.2 km bypass around Iguguno Town, the project will expropriate 54.25 acres of farmland overlapping with the road reserve area of the realigned route. The inventory of the dislocated farms is indicated in Appendix J, with the compensation cost estimates, covering the value of farmlands. A total of 34 farm plots and 18 buildings will be resettled. 9.7.12 Impact of borrow pits, quarries, detours and camp sites on the farmlands. The upgrading of the project road will require the use of a relatively large amount of gravel materials and crushed stones. Suitable gravel materials are available in 22 identified borrow pits, identified by the Soils and Materials study. The total surface of the borrow pits extends over 109 acres. Only one borrow pit located at Kitusha is likely to affect buildings and farm plots. The borrow pits will affects two acres in two farm plots and two houses. Other borrow pits are not located in the farmland area. The other borrow pits are owned by the government and are therefore individuals not eligible for compensation. However, Tanroads has to compensate for loss of farmlands to be affected by detours and campsites. The borrow pits recommended to obtain materials for subgrade and Base Coulse are shown below: Annex 8-Par3 Annex 8 - 63 Technziplaii Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 Table 9.7: Proposedborrow pits N. Borrow Pit Chainage Offset Quantity Acres Code Series (kni) m side (m3) a b C d r f g h I NBP 1 1 0+750 25 L 56.000 6 2 NBP 2 2 2+500 15 L 48.000 5 3 NBP 3 6 15+100 5 L 66.500 7 4 BP 7 7 20+200 2 R 15.000 2 5 NBP 5 10 25+500 2 L 150.000 15 6 NBP 7 12 29+200 4 L 45.000 5 7 NBP 10 14 33+300 15 L 23.000 2 8 NBP 11 15 34+000 5 L 56.000 6 9 NBP 13 17 37+700 5 L 37.000 4 10 BP 12 18 44+300 5 L 40.000 4 11 NBP 14 19 44+600 5 R 60.000 6 12 BP 17 B 21 59+000 5 L 45.000 5 13 NBP 16 22 61+600 25 L 75.000 8 14 NBP 17 23 63+600 5 R 40.000 4 15 BP 18 25 71+150 5 L 21.000 2 16 NBP 19 26 72+000 1 R 20.000 2 17 NBP 20 27 73+600 4 L 30.000 3 18 NBP 22 29 81+000 5 L 68.000 7 19 NBP 24 31 86+200 8 L 20.000 2 20 BP 23 32 86+500 2 R 18.000 2 21 NBP 25 33 86+600 2 L 60.000 6 22 BP 25 35 104+000 4 R 54.000 6 Total estimated volume of materials 1.047.500 109 Compensationz criteriafor borrow pits, stone quiarries, detours and camp sites. The prevalent procedure where contractors pay a fixed sum to Village Committees and leave them to negotiate with individual farmers is not acceptable on the given rationale that land is owned by the Central Government. World Bank's OP 4.12 states that the project must compensate the people who permanently or temporarily loose access to land, regardless of whether they own it, due to borrow pits, quaiTies, camps and detours. Such people must be receiving an acceptable resettlement package, similarly to the people directly in the path of other physical works. According to the Mining Act 1998, the proprietor for mining building materials has to apply for the licence before undertaking mining activities. In this case Tanroads, will apply for a licence for mininig building materials. It is estimated that Tsh 5,000.000.00 will suffice for acquiring a mining licence. As the borrow pits and quarries are not located to the farmlands (except one at Kitusha village), Tanroads will pay a fee established under the local government authorities.In average the District authorities charges a fee of Tsh 300.00 per m3 extracted materials. Itis estimated that, a lumpsum of Tsh 20,000,000.00 will be used to pay fees to the district authorities for extracting building materials. Some percentage of this fee will be left to the village government for other development sin respective village. For the borrow pit located at Kitusha, the two plots to be affected will be compensated in terms of losing their buildings and farm plots as indicated in Appendix J. It is assumed that the detours will not be longer than 1.5km and not more than 5 detours. The width of detours would approximately be 10m. It is therefore estimated that additional 30 acres Aninex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 64 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fi,ial Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 are expected to be pre-empted for quarries, detours and campsites, with very minor, scattered impact on local farmlands. However, the detours and campsites will affect 10 farm plots of about 3 acres. The farmland owner will be compensated accordingly. The valuation will be undertaken later before construction of detours and campsites. However, it should be undertaken immediately after identifying detours and sites for camping. The compensation of lands/farms for detours and campsite will be enacted as stipulated in the Land Act. Currently the estimated amount for compensation is earmarked as indicated in the overall cost for relocation (Table 9.9) 9.7.13 Rangelands and forests. Rangelands of generally low stock-carrying capacity stretch along about a total of 50 km on both sides of the design route. While expropriated farmlands are compensated under the legislation in vigor, rangelands are not. In fact, they are not supposed to be under anybody's right of occupancy according to the existing legislation. Nevertheless, a compensation can be paid, through village authorities, to the stock-raising communities currently exploiting he grazing areas.. Compensation criteria of rangelands andforests. The use of rangelands and forests is entitled for compensation, even if no provision in such direction exists under Tanzanian law. OP 4.12 emphasises that affected people have a right to restore their use of land and access to assets regardless of whether they legally own that land. Access to pasture, medicinal plants, firewood, game etc. is all part of an individual's asset base and hence any project affecting such base needs to compensate for it. The solution does not simply consist in the payment of nominal cash sums. The plan, has rather tried to restore, to the extent possible, access to assets with the ultimate aim of restoring income and improving living standards. The earmarked sum should be Sh 500,000.00 in line with World Bank guidelines on these matters 9.7.14 Relocation of Utilities. Consultation witlh Tanzania Electric Supply Corporation (TANESCO), Water Authorities in Singida town as well as Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL) have been held and agree on the arrangement for relocation of utilities. A total length of 16km of service line comprising 320 poles of electric power line will be relocated. Minor water pipes servicing residential houses along 4km in Singida town and 100m at Shelui will be relocated. Telephone line for about 2km along Singida - Shelui road project will also be relocated. The cost for relocating these utilities has been indicated in the overall cost of relocation. (Table 9.9). 9.8 - Resettlemnent Measures 9.8.1 Affected owners. The owners of the houses, businesses and farms pre-empted for road construction purposes in collaboration with the local authorities and community leaders have preliminarily identified sites for relocation. The people to be resettled will receive timely notice and will be paid the full amounts related to: - the value of the buildings and other unexhausted physical developments, including the graves whenever they are attached to the homesteads according to local customary law - transport allowances for persons and goods to the resettlement sites - the value of the lost business income for the period required to re-start it elsewhere - the value of the crops and the cost of re-establishing the lost farm area nearby - Transport allowance 9.8.2 Integration with host population The consultations were conducted between the consultant and local community regarding the relocation. The entire relocated communities prefer to be relocated entirely within the existing community in their original villages. Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 65 Tech niplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 9.9 Site Selection, Site Preparation, Relocation and Social Services All resettlement is local thus relocation is unlikely to cause major ressettlement impacts. The local communities involved in relocation are willing to be relocated in the nearest place. The meeting with the consultants, TANROADS officials, Government Valuer, local government officials including village government and the affected community were held and agree on the site to be relocated. Majority of the people to be displaced are willing to be relocated in their original village. The village chairmen will allocate new plots to the isolated building owners and farmers inside the same villages, offering equal chance to exploit traffic-related business. The Town Planning Officers of Singida Rural and Iramba Districts will draft the urban resettlement plans for the collective relocation of the buildings of respectively Msisi Village and Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center. The Agricultural Extension Officer in collaboration with village authorities of Singida Rural and Iramba Districts will prepare plan for the farming community dislocated along IgugLno bypass. Both the urban and the agricultural resettlement plans will be drafted and the land made available before the houses are demolished and the farmlands destroyed. Even though free plots are available in road-side villages, the relocation process may become a sensitive issue. In similar projects, expropriation disputes stem from disagreements on the value at which the estate and its improvements are to be compensated. As the government has undertaken detailed property valuation and compensation implementation schedule, it will improve the public perception of the project and reducing local resistance. To avoid mismanagement of compensation money, the relocation scheme should be countersigned before payment, enabling the displaced person to reconstruct his property as soon as he receives the money. The people to be displaced were involved in the identification of the new sites for resettlement since they have ample area/land for shifting. In rare cases where affected ones do not have enough lands, the village government will allocate the area after the consent of displaced people. The cost for obtaining that land is Tsh 500 which is paid to the village government. The local government and central government revenues will be used for provision of social services like water supply and electricity. These services will be provided to all communities regardless of affected community. The DPs will be given plots which are more better off than they are now. There should be a thorough consultation between the local governments, DPs, Local NGOs (World Vision) and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Committee to decide on the allocation of plots The displaced people (DPs) will btuilt their own houses according to the design which can be accommodated with the funds provided as compensation. The local govemment will survey plots, service the plots by provision of infrastructures like water supply, street roads and other utilities. 9.10 Community Participation Community Participationon RAP Imttplenmenztationz During the preparation of the resettlement plan, the affected persons will be systematically informed and consulted about their options and rights. For such purpose regular meetings will be hold between Tanroads' officials and communities. The meetings shall be prepared and maintained with the participation of formal and informal leaders. Local NGOs (World Vision) will be contracted in order to ensure viable community participation and proper communication between affected persons and Tanroads officials. During such meetings the concerned DPs will Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 66 Techniplazz Sinyida Sheluli Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annlex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 be entitled to identify suitable plots and to reject any plot unacceptable to them. As soon as the RAP is cleared and finalised, Tanroads will formally disclose it to the affected people. For this purpose, Tanroads' Regional Manager will organize 12 final sessions, one in each of the Administrative Village Areas crossed by the road. The sessions will be chaired by the RAP specialist of Tanru-oads and attended by representatives of the higher territorial hierarchies (Districts and Sub-Districts). Adequate display materials will be utilized. During RAP implementation an M&E Committee will be established at regional level, with the participation of DPs (either directly or represented by local NGOs) and representatives from the Departments of Lands, Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Social Affairs. 9.11 Grievance and Appeals Channels: The RAP will make available to all concerned people including the appeal structures at various levels, specifying the responsible parties and their response time. Before starting, with the grievance sequence and where appropriate (i.e. in case of complaints of minor entity), aggrieved parties will take their complaints to cornmunity or traditional meetings for dispute resolution. Local NGO will be contracted and involved to hear complaints and attempt to effect a resolution before they enter the administrative appeals hierarchy. The appeals line will feature the following sequence: i. Community or traditional meetings (with the presence of contracted NGOs) ii. Sub-District Authority iii. District Council (Land Officer and Agricultural Officer) iv. Tanroads v. District Court In case of no resolution before entering the administrative appeal line, the response time of the administrative authorities (points ii. to iv. above) shall not exceed two weeks. If the grievance is accepted, the authorities shall compensate the travel expenses of the grievant at a rate to be defined by the Tanroads at the beginning of the resettlement and compensation process. No further appeals mechanism is advised beyond the local administrative level to avoid excessive* costs for the grievant. 9.12 Implementation schedule Displaced households and farmers will receive timely notice respectively to harvest the fields and salvage the frames, iron sheets or glasses from the buildings. Contractor Clauses will ensure that notices are readily served and discomfort is allayed. As discussed above Village chairmen will allocate new plots to the isolated building owners and farmers inside the same villages, offering equal chance to exploit traffic-related business. The Town Planning Officers of Singida Rural and Iramba Districts will draft the urban resettlement plans for the collective relocation of the buildings of respectively Msisi Village and Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center. The Agricultural Extension Officer in collaboration with village authorities of Singida Rural District will prepar-e plan for the farming community dislocated along Iguguno bypass. Both the urban and the agricultural resettlement plans will be drafted and the land made available before the houses are demolished and the farmlands destroyed. The RAP will span a half year from the date on which the project is officially underway through the following administrative and fieldwork schedule. The rehabilitation of any stretch of the road cannot begin until all land has been foimally acquired and resettlement completed and DPs relocated in location satisfactory to them. Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 67 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 Table 9.8: Dislocation and resettlemiient schecldule (2003-04) Framework operations Quarters since start-up date 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 TANROADS: preparation of maps and report 0 Transmnission of maps and report to Ministry of 2 Lands and Human Settlement Development, o conmments Location of alternative settlement by urban and rural authorities _ 4 Ministry of Finance: mobilization of o o compensation funds 5 Local Government: payment of compensation 0 0 money 6 Local Government: distribution of alternative Plots 7 Start-up of physical resettlement operations 0 8 Monitoring and Evaluation 0 0 0 0 0 e 4After the six-month life of the resettlement operation, the monitoring and evaluation operation will continue on annual basis (as suggested by Op 4.12) supplemented by a mid term review and hence for a reasonable period after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed Bar-charted operations need to be intensified towards the end of the period. 9.13 Costs and Budget 9.13.1 Overview. The individual resettlement cost has four main cost components, corresponding to: o The value of the building and ancillary structures or improvements to be destroyed within the right of way o The value of the business activities interrupted by the project o The value of land/farms to be affected by the project o The relocation costs, including transport and accommodation allowance. A. Value of the buildings: Government Valuer in collaboration with District and Village authorities and the concerned house owners, has estimated the value of the buildings to be demolished. The estimates comply national legislation on the compensation and World Bank Operational Directives. B. Compensation of business activities interrupted by the proiect: if a building is used for commercial purposes, the daily turnover have been estimated in order to compensate its loss for a given period, in addition to the compensation for the building structure and the transfer to other suitable premises. Taking into account existing laws and regulations a profit of 36 months has been calculated for business compensation.. C. Compensation for land/farms - The land/farmlands to be affected by realignment, detours, borrow pits and quarries will be compensated according to the Land Act 1999 Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 68 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: AInnex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 D. Relocation costs: It include transport and the provision of a land plot similar to the previous one. Transport costs will be minimal, as all families and businesses will be relocated in the same village or urban center. Transport costs can be compensated as stipulated in Land Act 1999. 9.13.2 Overall costs. The overall relocation costs is estimated at TSh. 516,542,000.00 equivalent to US$ 516, 600.00. The components for this relocation are categorized as follows: - Compensation and resettlement of 113 buildings in the design right of way for a cost of TSh.128, 250,000.00 a sum adequate for the typology of buildings to be relocated (under the National legislation and WB rules for "full replacement cost"); - Compensation 3 acres farmlands to be affected by detour and camp sites at a cost of Tsh 1,500,000.00 - Compensation for range lands at a cost of Tsh 500,000.00 - License for mining building materials at a cost of Tshs. 5,000,000.00 - Fee to the local government for building materials at a cost of Tsh 20,000,000.00 - Monitoring and evaluation of RAP at a cost of Tshs 7,500,000.00 - Relocating of utilities at a cost of Tsh 320,000,000.00 Electricity - 170,000,000.00 Water Supply - 100,000,000.00 Telephone poles - 50,000,000.00 - Contingency (7%) at a cost of Tsh.33,792,500.00 Table 9.9: Summlary budget of resettlement components of the project (in 'ranzaniianiSh.) Component Resettlement costs Buildings, business and farrmlands 128,250,000.00 Detours 1,500,000.00 Rangelands 500,000.00 Relocation of public utilities 320,000,000.00 Mining License 5,000,000.00 Fee to the local government for 20,000,000.00 building materials Workshops, meetings and M&E: 2,500,000.00 - Funds for Local NGOs efforts 2,500,000.00 - Funds for external monitoring 2,500,000.00 Sub-total 482,750,000.00 Inflation and contingency factor (7%) 33,792,500.00 GRAND TOTAL 516,542,500.00 Annex 8-Parn3 Annex 8 - 69 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 9.13.3 Financial schedule of RAP. The proposed financial schedule of the project's resettlement component is tabulated below. The funds will to be made available by the project. The contribution of the government will be in terms of the contiibution of the government to the project. Table 9:10 Sulnv7nary butdget of resettlement components of the project (in Tanzanian Sh.) Resettlenen Source Monthly cash flow (from project official start-up date) Component t costs offunds | l 2 l 3 l 4 | 5 6 1000 Sh Compensation for buildings, 128,250.00 Project 128,250 businesses and farms Detours 1,500.00 Project 1,500 Rangelands 500.00 Project 500 UtRlition 320,000.00 Project 160,000 80,000 80,000 Licence 5,000.00 5,000 Fee for Building 20,000.00 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Materials Workshops, meetings and 2,500.00 Project 300 300 800 300 400 400 M&E: - Funds for Local NGOs 2.500.00 Project 300 300 800 300 400 400 efforts - Funds for external 2.500.00 Project 300 300 800 300 400 400 monitoring Sub-total 482,750.00 299,150. 5,900 82,400 7,900 81,200 6,200 Inflation and contingency 33,792.50 Project 5632 5632 5632 5632 5632 5632 factor (7%) TOTAL 516,542 304,782 11,532 88,032 13,532 86,832 11,832 9. 14 RAP Institutional Framework and Organizational Responsibilities This section provides (see Table..below ) a list of all agencies and institutions involved in each step of the resettlement process (preparation, appeals, implementation and monitoring). The experience of the majority of the actors involved seems to adequate to the tasks to be canried out and therefore no particular capacity building measures are required. As soon as the RAP is cleared and finalised, Tanroads will formally disclose it to the affected people. For this purpose, Tanroads will organize 10 sessions, one in each of the Administrative Village Areas crossed by the road. The sessions will be chaired by the RAP specialist of Anniex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 70 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Anitex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 Tanroads and attended by representatives of the higher territorial hierarchies (Districts and Division/Wards). Adequate display materials will be utilized. TANROADS will provide to the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development: (a) the topographic maps at scale 1:2000 of the design road reserve area, and: (b) a report on the buildings and farming plots which presently exist within the design right of way. TANROADS will also prepare the list of the occupants dispossessed by the project, specifying their rights of occupancy and the assessed value. The Local Government (i.e District Councils) will dispatch the dislocation notices to the concerned households and farmers. Ministry of finance through Tanroads will disburse the compensation funds to the district council to pay the communities eligible for compensation.. After the effect of the compensation and resettlement the communities will be given two months for resettlement. TANROADS will then author-ize the Contractor to start demolition works. In the project area it was found that the effective NGO in the area is World Vision. This NGO will assist in raising public awareness on resettlement and facilitate local community participation in RAP implementation, conflict resolution etc Anilex S-Part3 Annex 8 - 71 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part3 Table 9.11 RAP Institiutional Framework and Orga,tizati nal Responsibilities Steps Agencies involved Activities to be carried out Provide the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development with: a. Topographic maps at scale 1:2000 of the design road reserve area Tanroads b. Report on buildings and farming plots existing within the right of way c. Valuation report approval Ministry of Land and Human Approval of the valuation report SettlemenL Development Concerned admninistrations: Identify, allocate and make available the alternative plots as follows: Identify and allocate alternative plots for building ownwers, farmers RAP Preparation Village Chairmen inside the villages and businessmen within Singida Rural and Iramba Districts Town Planning Officers of Draft urban resettlement plans for the collective relocation of the buildings Singida Rural and Iramba Districts of Msisi village and Shelui- Nselembre Trade Center Agricultural extension Officers of Prepare the resettlement plan for the farming community dislocated along SingidaRural extnsioIramba Dicrso Iguguno bypass, boiTow pits, detour and camp sites and minor Singida Rural and Iramba Districts realignments Ministry of Land and Human Dispatch the dislocation notices to the concerned households, Settlement Development businessmen and farmers Organize and maintain regular and final meetings during RAP preparation TANROADS Hear complaints of a DPs and attempt to effect a resolution during Local NGOs community or traditional meetings before the complaints enter the administrative appeals hierarchy. Wards Authority Receive and give solution to grievances before Gfievance and Dsrc oni Ln fie n appeals District Council (Land Officer appeals ~~Agricultural Officer) and Receive and give solution to grievances before Regional Engineer of Receive and give solution to grievances before TANROADS District Court Receive and give solution to grievances before Concerned administrations Deliver to the dislocated persons the agreed compensation sums and the new land plots Local Government Built urban infrastructures for the new plots TANROADS Authorize the Contractor to start demolition works RAP RAP implementation and organization of meetings with coiiununities and Implementation TANROADS affected people Formal and Informal Village Participation to the RAP implementation meetings Leaders Ensure viable community participation and proper communication Local NGOs between affected persons and Tanroads officials M& E Committees composed of (a) Identify problem cases ensuring they are dealt with Monitoring and :Departments of Lands, Evaluation (during Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry (b) Contribute to the database forming part of the overall evaluation of the the 6 months and Social Affairs, Tanroads' resettlement program period of RAP Regional Office (as Secretary) ( E implementation (c) Ensure proper partcipation of DPs m the RAP process. and beyond) Local NGOs Ensure proper participation of DPs External monitoring Perform independent monitoring and evaluation tasks Annex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 72 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 3 9.15 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of RAP (including Post-resettlement Monitoring). The institutional structure responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Resettlement Master Plan should include skills for regular internal monitoring of the compensation and relocation procedures. Such monitoring will serve two functions: (a) identify problem cases ensuring they are dealt with, and: (b) contribute to the database forming part of the overall evaluation of the resettlement program (c) ensure proper participation of DPs in the RAP process. Besides internal monitoring, there will be provision for regular external M&E by a neutral qualified party such as a university department. The M&E lines of responsibility will involve the regional authorities. A M&E Comnmittee will be established at regional level; with the participation of DPs (either directly or represented by local NGOs) and representatives from the Departments of Lands, Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Social Affairs. Representative from Tanroads Regional Manager act as Secretary of the Committee. The Committee shall review the RAP-related work.. It will meet at least three times over the six-month plan performance period, upon summoned by the Regional Manager of Tanroads. After the six- month life of the resettlement operation, the monitoring and evaluation operation will continue on annual basis (as suggested by Op 4.12) supplemented by a mid term review and hence for a reasonable period after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed. The M&E activities of the institutional structure will be supplemented by a independent qualified party such as a university department. Aninex 8-Part3 Annex 8 - 73 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - EIA, SIA & RIA Part 4 PART 4 FIGURES Annex 8 -Part 4-cover-may 03 Annex 8 - 74 TechnipldA Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fiuial Report: Antiex 8 - EIA, SIA & RMI Part4 List of Figures Figure 1. Tanzania's trunk corridors Figure 2. Air view of the project area Figure 3. Land cover and land use along the road Figure 4. Landscapes traversed by the project area Figure 5. Land use and in the road influence area Figure 6. Natural vegetation areas Figure 7. National parks, reserves and controlled areas Figure 8. Administrative set-up of the road influence area Figure 9. Settlement system of the road influence area Figure 10. Archaelogical sites of the road influence area Figure 11. Prehistoric artpainting Figure 12. Identified borrow pits and quarries Figure 13. Route variants in Iguguno urban area Figure 14. Soil protection with geomats Figure 15. Soil reinforcement for long term application Figure 16. Slope erosion control with geomat Figure 17. Slope erosion control with geocells Figure 18. Borrow pits Annex .8 - Part 4-cover-may 03 Annex 8 - 75 TeclhnipldiT rLJrt 4 Figure 1. Tanzania's trunk corridors RW 1CDAKENYA BU RUL I X /Tavea ngu ~ j'~ana 1; 45 r 5an1 n a '(E-4L < -\;>4aisk WJ e B xWakanbao r~~~~~~~~~1 X X 0~ha 1}' - 8 ~ 46^\ u I o /, MzAM. / Membes i SJefr(g / sf g k - - 0 V V 9w,t;.,7 ,~~4Ma .. ~ Ohi5l,, t ) ' rMsse 1\~~~rbr1biBy,>s ~ AnexS-ar Fr ats-may03 Techi, ipa L -ml OZ2AliBQUE Anne:x S - Part 4 Formats-may 03 Techziiilat- Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex S - EL4, SIA & RLA Part4 Figure 2. Air view of the project area Airphoto of Sekenke Escarpment showing the existing road (chainage 82+250 to 88+040) Aerophotograrnmetric Map produced by interpretation of the photo above Teclhiziplhiz Annex S - Part 4 Fonnnts-may 03 ______~~~~ l'anrt 4 ,, - .'z ~ ~~~~~~~~4 Figure 3. Land cover and land use along the road 0 E z aC E - 0 0 0 0 0 ) (.2 _ '. £11 * .. ! ,,A.. ; '-t, .1.EXp 0 0 0000oo oo8ooooooo 8 ° t O 8 8 0 8 + + + 4- + ° o o0 8 g 8 ° 8§o °0 + +* + + + + + + + + + + + + + o O ,p In 0 n 0 In 0 O 0 + + + LO 0o n 0o n 0o n 0 In 0 In 0 E E C - E E E E E E E E E E E E E E , x zi! x - E E 2 E E -_X~~~~ - -it E-E E KEY: BUSHLAND GRASSLAND Lvmttered PUztdv Cpard WODLD Eli] WoWd$ OrcEIand Edm T k| JSnd WoM nD - mrland wdfi, Sctermd Cmpropl, CULTIVATED LAND L..xJ Liii] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Opariodln Mb*d CopppIng Woodland wm%. roufmrCd Annex 8 - Part 4 Formats-may 03 TechniplJalfn Ew-]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 iy: .~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-t -. -br Figure 4. Landscapes traversed by the project area ;, -.~ ~ ~ 1I C Contour Linie *V.'T Stream Swvamp ~j Scattered Vegetation6 Dense Vegetation * '' ' ______Trunk Road Local Road Tc:ili Annuex S - Part 4 Formnats-may 03 A ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-, -.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 -~~~~~~~~.- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IM- Figuare 9 Laind use aud in the road influence area6 Pr KEY G~~~~~~~~~CRAS_SLAND Singida-Sliclui Roaid BUSHLAND lauahtwd rfti Gcallrd C,op6,nd WOODLAND . CULTIVATED LANqDE] pn" WiLuGd Cmppp!ng Mr Wamknd ~~~wih8ceAerod Crup~PW Annex B - Part 4 Formlats-inay 03 'Techniiplqnti- Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fintal Report: AnizL-x 8 - EL4, SL4 & R.L Part 4 Figyure 16. Slope erosion control with geomat Under construction Completed slope Completed slope after one year after two years Geomats may be used on slopes to improve resistance to erosion caused by the impact of rain drops and ris, acting as superficial reinforcement while waiting f6r lie * ~~~~~~~~~~~~vegetationto grow. In certain cases A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~geomnatsmay be used as protection Tagainst erosion for the bariks of --'- canals and small river coiurses: their use is basicallylimited to protect the pat of bank- that is normally dry adtheresore only affected by the aton of rain water or rills Annea 8 -Part 4 Formats-may 03 Tec/n iplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engmneering Design FinalReport: Annlex 8 - EL4, SIA & R14 Part4 Figure 17. Slope erosion control with geocells r g2'~~~~~~~~~~_ N-at~ŽT t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AA, Top left and rig,-ht: geocells during the installationphase Below: completed slope afterone year The function of the geocells is to hold soil or other loose material il place. Once Filled up eitb material, geocells prevent the topsoil from slidng down the slope nex 5 - Part 4 Forrnats-inay 03 Tech2niplaiZ Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex S - EM, SIA & ]U4 Part4 Figure 18. Borrow pits Land degradation and visual impairments caused by the abandoned Borrow pits. Picture taken at Sekenke escarpment Abandoned borrow pits used as rainwater catchment ponds near Shelui Annex 8 - Parl 4 Fonnats-may 03 - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Techiiiplai- Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA List of Appenidices . Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDICES Aniiex 8 APPENDICES List-flay 03 Appendices-i Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fi,ialReport: Annex 8 - AppendidL A Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX A POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 1. Tanizania's' transport sector policy 2. Environmental policy framework 3. Legal framework of environmental matters 4. Administrative framework of environmental management 5. Legal and administrative framework of dislocation and resettlement Annex 8 APPENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 1 Techlniplan Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix A Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX A POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 1. TANZANIA's TRANSPORT SECTOR POLICY Covering an area of 883,749 km2 with 32 million inhabitanits (36 per km2 ), Tanzania is the largest and less densely populated country in East Africa. Per capita GDP ranks fourth in the regioni. The economy is dominated by smallholder agriculture, which employs 80% of the manpower, contributes 55% of GDP and earns 75% of foreign exchange. Staple food crops include naize, millet, sorghum, rice, cassava. Cash crops are represented by coffee, tea, tobacco, cotton, cashewnuts, sisal. The Government encourages local and foreign private investment in export agriculture. The transport sector is a foreign exchange earner, serving land-locked Burundi, Rwanda, Zambia and eastern Congo with rail and road. Singida-Shelui road is an important link in this respect. The network inherited from the colonial period served the export areas of that time, neglecting potential resources and remote regions. In 1986 the Government launched the Economic Recovery Programnme (ERP), relying on market forces to achieve a sustainable balance of payments. The agricultural sector responded favourably, but a study made by the Market Development Bureau concluded that the country's rural development was impaired by high crop collection costs away from major routes. In 1987, the Government called a Transport Sector Donors Conference to launch a Draft National Transport Policy (NTP), focused on rehabilitation priorities and related institutional changes. The policy was artculated in three major projects, namely: - Integrated Roads Project (IRP) - Port Modernisation Project 1 (PMP) - Railway Restructuring Project (RRP). IRP is a 10-year programme launched in 1990 to restore the road network. Its 1l Phase focused on trunk corridors linking production areas with the main markets and on district roads in high potential agricultural areas. At present (year 2000) a new "10-Year Road Development Project" is being debveloped. The Government's road sector policy is focused on maintenance, rehabilitation and upgrading, rather than new investment. Priority is given to arteries serving land-locked countries, as well as roads linking agricultural, touristic and mining areas with ports and consumer markets. Singida-Shelui Road ranks as a high-priority section under both categories of options. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEIWORK Environmental policies have been formulated by Parliament Commnittees, Ministries and various Executive Agencies. They have produced a series of official documents, of which some have a comprehensive scope of application, while others are focused on specific environmental matters or sectors. The major general policy documents concern: - the Environmental Action Plan, worked out in 1983, repeatedly updated afterwards Aaaex 8 Al'PENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 3 Techniplai Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fiinal Report: APnnlex 8 - Appendix A - the National Environmental Policy, formulated in 1995, and: - the Conservation Strategy for Sustainable Development (NCSSD), updated in 1995. Environmental Action Plan. prepared with the assistance of United Nations agencies, including UJNDP, UNEP and FAO, the Plan encompasses all development sectors, with focus on conservation and sustainable development National lnviron,izental Policy : a consultation meeting was held in Dar es Salaam, in 1994. the adopted policy mentions Environmental Impact Assessment as a priority instrument for policy implementation. Subsequently, a comprehensive paper was issued on nature protection, safeguard of the resource basis of economic development, stlruggle against desertification, waste disposal and pollution control in urban areas National Conservationi Strategy for Sustainable Development (NCSSD): it provides a framework for National Environmental Management initiatives, integrating conservation and sustainable development. The strategy is geared to: - - assist the nation in achieving development with conservation - define priorities and prepare strategies for nature protection - review policies and legislation, to make them more effective and enforceable - increase public awareness on environmental conservation - prepare education, information and extension packages. - promote environmental research and adoption of sound technologies - generate Lhe ability and commitment to implement the strategies - encourage multi-sector participation. NCSSD seeks to involve public agencies, local communities, NGOs and the private sector. Sectoral environmental policies are incorporated in the following documents: - Forestry Policy (1991) - Water Policy (1991) - National Land Policy (1995) - Energy Policy (1992) I. Forestry Policy. The main objective of the policy is the need of an increasing land under forestr-y cover. The policy looks at the whole process to be managed by the Governmenlt. For the policy to be successful it should focus on grass-root participation of forest . resource management. All efforts to centralise forest management shotild be avoided. The present direction is towards small governance therefore all management activities should be left to the people. 11. Water Policy, 1991. The policy is very comprelhenisive and worked ouL using an inter-sector approach. The policy recommends that water resources shall be conserved and use of pesticides and fertilisers shall avoid water pollttion. Strategies have, so far, been prepared and action plans have been drawn to implement the policy. 111. National Land Policy (1995). The policy has proposed the formation of an Inter Ministerial Co-ordination Committee for Consultation on issues of granting of mining claims, huntinig licences, timber harvesting licences, water rights and other leases. The issuing of such permits or leases and claims normally conflicts with other land uses. Ai-eas of conflicts between agricultural land use and other multiple land uses need some scientific research and appropriate resolutions may be found by a multidisciplinary team. The policy directs, protection of forest and games reserve areas or seasonal migration routes of wildlife. Annex 8 API'ENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 4 Techiniplant Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix A IV. Energy Policy, 1992. Depletion of forest land is mainly because of wood for fuel requirement in the business sector and the rural population. The policy look into ways to help the common man get simple ways of obtaining energy for household use without compromising with the environment. 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS The present project must comply with the country's national environmental legislation. The Parliament has enacted various pieces of environmental legislation, including an Environmental Protectioni Bill. 3.1 Le2islation relevant for road projects The following pieces of legislation that address the quality of the environment can be applied to Singida-Shelui road upgrading project. I. Nationial Enivironiment Management Colincil Act (1983). The Act replaced the earlier, fragmented approach to environmental issues. The Council (NEMC) makes provision for pollution control and the co-ordination of national environment management. NEMC has mainly advisory and evaluation functions, geared to: - evaluate the existing or proposed policies and Government pollution control activities, - verify that measures protecting natural resources have adequate environmental effects - specify standards, norms and criteria for quality of the environment, - formulate proposals for legislation in the area of environmental issues, and: - recommend their implementation by the Government. Thus NEMC advises the Government on all environmental matters in the country. Section 7 of the Act stipulates the duties of the Director General, who is the Chief Executive of NEMC and isresponsible for considering means and initiating steps to protect the enviromnent and prevent, control, abate or rmitigate pollution. The Council's Parent Ministry is the Ministry of Tourism, Natural Resources and Environment. Fifteen members can be appointLed by the Minister from different Ministries and other organisations dealing with matters affecting the environment. Three other members can be appointed by the Minister from amongst knowledgeable and expert persons. The high authority given to the Council is emphasised by the presidential nomination of both the Council's Chairman and Director General. All Ministries, Local Authorities, National Bodies and many other organisations in the country rely on information, capacities and authority of the NEMC. The existence of this Councildoes not relieve other Government agencies of their duties, regulated by laws, to prevent environmental damage. NEMC does not transfer any such responsibilities. II. Wildlife Conservationz Act (1974), amended in 1978. It was enacted to encourage the conservation of both wildlife and vegetation species as directed by the Minister (section 15). The Act makes provision for game protection in Game Reserves and Game Controlled Ar-eas. Vegetation may not be wilfully damaged without approval by the Ministry of Tourism, Natural Resources and Environment. Any road re-routing must be approved by Director of Wildlife in Dar Es Salaam. Human activity is strictly forbidden in Game Reserves and travellers must be informed by signing that they are entering a designated area. Contravention of the Act can result in serious penalties, including jail terms. The Act operates with the limitations and requirements of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the National Parks Ordinance and related regulations. Ill. Forest Ordinance (1957) & Forests Chapter 389 of the Law (Principal Legislationi), Suipplement 57, part V. This deals with the protection of forests and forest products in Forest Reserves and the restrictions and prohibitions in Forest Reserves. These Management Plans Annex 8 APPENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 5 Techniplani Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix A are administered under the Forests Ordinance (1957). Any contravention of the restrictions and prohibition is considered an offence under this ordinance and subject to enforcement. However, this is rarely implemented. IV. Protected Places and Areas Act, 1969. Enacted to provide a process and mechanism to protect specific lands as necessary at the discretion of the Minister. The Act provides for imprisonment and fines for persons unlawfully trespassing on protected lands. V. Water utilisation (Control and Reglilation) Act, 1974, amended in 1981. Enacted to control and protect water resources. The legislation defines water as all water flowing over the surface of the ground or contained or flowing in or from a spring or stream or natural lake, swamp or in or beneath a water course. The Act puts in place a regime of water rights to govern access to water use. Pollution control norms are embodied in water rights. Apart from incorporating pollution control in water rights, the Act goes a step further to put in place a regime in consent for the discharge of effluent. Under section 15 A(I) of the Act, no person may discharge effluent from any commercial, industrial or other trade waste systems into receiving waters without a consent duly granted by a Water officer. The Act also contains two schedules which sets standards for receiving waters and effluent. Additional instruments that have some influence over environmental management issues other than legislation include the following policy and management plan documents. a. Environmental impact asscssment (EIA) There is no provision, in the legislation in force, to make EIA mandatory for development projects in Tanzania. The Ministry of Works has taken initiative to develop EIA guidelines and check lists for the road sector and other infrastructure. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations conceming development projects are currently regulated by the terms 6f reference of the various projects. 3.3 Enforcement of environmental laws Legal sanctions against environmental violations frequently fail to be applied. As a consequence, part of the environmental legislation is still ineffective. A revision of the main laws and their enforcement mechanisms is needed to build safe infrastructLire and achieve sustainable development. 4. ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Different institutions are responsible for enforcing the environmental legislation. The focus of administrative authority in environmental matters and related technical standards falls within the area of jurisdiction of the Division of Environment of the Vice-President's Office. This Division was first set up in 1992, under the Ministry of Tourism, Natural Resources and Environment. The Director of Environment has the authority to demand an Environmental Impact Assessment. For the present environmental data are routed via the primary Ministry of Works, responsible for disseminating material to other Ministries and obtain their input. The involvement of the Vice-Presidents Office encourages a multi-disciplinary, collaborative approach to the environmental assessment. Ministry interfaces may involve the Ministries of: Communications & Transport. Agriculture Water, Annex 8 APPENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 6 Techi,ipla,z Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annzex 8 - Appendix A Energy & Minerals. Lands, Housing & Urban Development. Other Ministries based on the nature of the project. Co-ordination of such a complex adrministrative framework may results in gaps and duplication of roles and efforts, due to: - still insufficient environmental policies at central and local government level - understatement of environmental risks in the planning processes - lack of solid assessment procedures, despite initiative taken by the NEMC - inadequate provision for data collection and analysis - weak law enforcement (see § 3.2) - horizontal fragmentation of responsibility, causing overlap or omission of effort 5. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE Fr.MEWORK OF DISLOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT 5.1 Land Tenure System The existing ownership system relies on legislation enacted more than 30 years ago. The law vests all land in the President and grants occupancy rights to individuals, legal persons and territorial communities. The President holds the land trust for all citizens and can acquire land for public use and benefit, for instance, to resettle people from densely to scarcely populated areas, settle refugees and so forth. Under such provisions, people from overpopulated areas like Moshi and Ukerewe have been able to move without much difficulty and settle in high-potential, low-demography agricultural districts like Ifakara, Kilosa, Rufiji. The President can also obtain land for Government use and national projects. 5.2 Compensation Rules Under the Government Standing Order on expropriation for public utility, the holder of a Right of Occupancy is guaranteed free enjoyment of the land and is entitled to compensation if dispossessed by Government for public purposes. In most cases, owners agree to leave their land to the Government. With the same frequency, they are not happy with the amount and delay of the compensation. A number of property items, especially improvements, are often omitted or underrated. The expropriation value should match the price that improvements can fetch if sold on the open market. In normal circumstances, such price is lower than the replacement value, but higher than the initial construction cost of the improvement. Replacement value - defined as the cost of putting up a structure equivalent to the evaluated one - makes allowance for age, state of repair, economic obsolescence. Compensation must include: (i) the replacement value of un-exhausted improvements (ii) disturbance and transport allowance (iv) loss of income (v) cost of acquiring or getting equivalent land (vi) any other immediate costs or capital expenditure incurred to develop the land. 1 Un-exhlausted improvements means any quality permanently attached to the land and directly resultingfronm the expenditure of capital or labour by a person holding a Right of Occupancy. Annex 8 APPENDIX A policy-may 03 Appendix A - 7 Technziplan Singida Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix B Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX B ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF THE ROAD PROJECT AREA Annex 8 APPENDIX B area profile-may 03 Appendix B - 1 Techniplan Sin gida Slhelni Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix B Annex 8 APPENDIX Barea profile-may 03 Appendix B - 2 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix B Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX B ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA The area covered by the Project Influence Area is 49,341 km2, equal to 5.6% of Tanzania mainland. The area hosts 1.1 million inhabitants, or 3.3% of Tanzania's mainland population. The demographic density is 22 persons per km2, against a national density of 36. Urban dwellers are 160,000, of which 130,000 concentrated in the regional head quarters, Singida town. Climate Singida-Shelui road lies in the semi-arid central zone of Tanzania, receiving erratic short rains, with widespread drought periods. Total rainfall ranges from 500 mm to -800 min per annum. There are two well-defined seasons: the long dry season April-November and the short rainy season December-March, sometimes into April. The average monthly temperature varies between 220C - 350C. Topography, Geology, Soils. The project road traverses terrain varying from 900 m to 1500m above sea level. Between Singida and Misigiri (junction to Kiomboi), the land is fairly flat with some undulating terrain. Between Misigiri and Shelui, the road traverses escarpment at Sekenke (rift valley crossing). From Shelui to the Tabora region border, there are swamps. The underlying lithology consists of granites, migmatites and associated acid gneiss for the section starting from Singida to Shelui. The rest of the project road is underlain by quartenary sediments. The soils found in the area are characteristic of the parent material and other topographical or historical features. The' road traverses granite - gneiss origin soils, sand or sand loamy with imperfect or poor drainage soils. Between Singida and Shelui the soil, is reddish brown, brown or greyish brown. The Western part of the road, between Shelui and Tabora region border is domninated by tropical black clays commonly known as black cotton soils or Mbuga clays as termed in Tanzania. These clays contain a high percentage of montmorillonite and undergo expansion and contraction cycles as I the soil go through wet and dry seasons. Although these soils support traffic loads when dry, they expand when wet and loose almost all supporting power which can cause considerable failure in the road structure, this soil must be Reinforcedduring the design stage. Urban and rural landscapes traversed by the road Singida-Shelui road section belongs to the Central Corridor of Tanzania's trunk artery network, which starts at Dar Es Salaam and links the towns of Morogoro, Dodoma, Manyoni, Singida, Nzega and Mwanza (to the north) or Lusahunga (to the West), serving Rwanda, Burundi, SW Uganda and eastern Congo (see Figure 1 in Part 4 of the present Annex)).The road crosses Singida and Iramba districts and Iguguno, Kizaga, Misigiri, Shelui See details on population in Appendix B. Annex 8 APPENDLX B area profile-may 03 Appendix B - 3 Techniplan Singida Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix B towns. 2 The altitude ranges 900 to 1500 m through flat or rolling country from Singida to Misigiri (km 75), then through Sekenke Escarpment (Rift Valley crossing) and the low-lying Wembere swamps until the border with Tabora Region (kmr110). Geology and soils The lithology underlying the existing alignment consists of granites, rnigmatites and associated acid gneiss. Soils reflect the parent material and other genetic features. The road traverses granite-gneiss origin soils, sand or sand loamy with imperfect or poor drainage soils. The soil, is reddish brown, brown or greyish brown. Between Shelui and Tabora border tropical black clays prevail, known as black cotton soils (or Mbuga clays in local terrninology). Having a high degree of montmorillonite, they undergo expansion and contraction cycles respectively through the wet and dry seasons. When dry, these soils support traffic, but expand and melt when wet, causing failure in the road structure. Soil reinforcement should be considered during the design stage. Hydrology The project road two rivers (Msisi, Iguguno) and a major swamp, located in Wembere basin at Singida-Tabora border, 800m across, covered with grasses. Near Sekenke escarpment there is Kitangiri lake, 40 km on the right side of the road. The lake is sutTounded by fishermen's settlements. Clay and mud fish are the dominant species. Close to Singida town there are the salt lakes of Singida (16 km2) and Kindai (7 km2). To the north-west lies Kisingiri Lake (140 km2). Vegetation The vegetation types feature wooded grassland and woodland, bush formations and thickets. The road traverses the lower part of Sekenke Forest at the Rift Valley escarpment. Regional authorities have applied to Central Government to declare it a National Forest Reserve. It is a natural, dense forest, hosting small mammals. The Reserve covers 34,200 ha, mainly of miomnbo woodland with pockets of African blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon) locally called "mpingo". Other species in the forest include Pterocapus angolensis ("mninga"), Brachystegia speciformis ("mtundu"), Brachystegiamicrophylla ("mahegheya"), Afzelia spp ("mkola"). Wildlife, Game Reserves, Fisheries Wild maimmals. They are found in Sekenke Forest and Wembere basin, including impala, antelopes, baboons, monkeys, hares and, to a lesser extent, buffaloes. Professional hunting is going on in the Wembere basin and Manyoni Open Areas, south of Singida District. Road upgrading is likely to increase hunting and further reduce the open hunting areas. Bircls. There is a large variety of birds in the study area. Flamingos abund around lakes Singidani and Kindai, near Singida town. Parrots, fiches, eagles, vultures, are found in the forests and Wembere basin. This basin has an international recognition for being the breeding area of birds flying between Europe and Africa. Hunting in Open Areas. The project road traverses wildlife territories officially designated as "Open Areas", where hunting is partially controlled by local authorities. Open Areas have been decreasing continually due to sprawling villages and farms. 2 Tle road seives inidirectly Kiomboi town (Iraniba district headquarters)from Misigiri, 21 km away. Annex 8 APPENDIX B area profile-may 03 Appendix B - 4 Techniplatz Singida Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Append(ix B Bee-keeping takes place in the woodlands using traditional species. Normally the beehive is located on tall trees with nectar producing flowers. Fisheries. The fishing industry concentrates in Kitangiri lake, 40 km away from Shelui on the Rift Valley ridge. Road upgrading is expected to enhance the fish market. The most common fish species are Tilapia spp and Scalaria spp (mud-fish). Yearly fish production in the project area is estimated at 7000 tonlyear. Cultivation Farms and fallow lands cover slightly more than half the project area, and are concentrated in its eastern part, while in the west, across the Rift Valley, there is little cultivation. Agriculture is subsistence-oriented, with cereals, sweet potatoes and cassava as the staple food crops. Cash crops include tobacco, sunflower, cotton. Potential farm expansion areas are just 20%. A dry climate and low soil fertility are limiting factors of rural development. Uncultivated lands are covered by wooded grassland or bush and thickets. The wooded grass land is found in the western part of Singida region (Iramba district), but the grasses do not become tall because of premature grazing. Sekenke Escarpment, Misigiri to Shelui, is covered by wooded land (miombo). From the escarpment to Tabora border, the project area has pockets of bush land and thickets, where Acacia is the dominant tree species. Wembere crossing is rich in shrubs and swamps grasses. Animal husbandry Singida region hosts about 7 % of the national cattle stock and 6 % of sheep and goats. The whole area is subject to overgrazing, with severe erosion problems. The existing road is the main stock corridor from Bariadi, Tabora, Shinyanga, Singida to Arusha and Dodoma markets. The absence of stock routes accelerates the deterioration of the road and jeopardizes safety. Frequent, huge livestock herds cross the road at Misigiri and other centres. The proposed road should have provisions for livestock crossing and movements. Mining Apart from sand and stone quarrying for construction purposes, no official mine exists in the study area. There is an abandoned gold mine located 2 km from the project road, along the district road to Kiomboi. The mine used to attract a considerable number of smallholder miners. Annex 8 APPENDIX B area profile-may 03 Appendix B - 5 Techniiplaiz Singida-SIheluti Road: Detailed Enginieerinig Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix C Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX C BASELINE SOCIO-ECONOMRC DATA 1. Population 2. Agriculture 3. Standards of living Annex 8 APPENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix C - 1 Techniplan Sin gida-Shtelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design . Final Report: Annlex 8 - Appendix C ;Anhiex 8: ElA, SI.- & RIA ' - .;... .BASELINES00-EC ONOMIC DATA The total area covered by the Project Influence Area, or National Traffic Basin of the project road, is 8,340 krm2 and hosts 0.5 million inhabitants, or 1.5 % of Tanzania mainland population. The density is 64 persons per kin 2 , a relatively high figure, due to the inclusion, within the road influence area, of the urban population of Singida (almost 150,000 people including 24,000 people in the suburbs) and other towns as Iguguno, Misigiri and Kiomboi. Altogether, the urban segmnet of the road influence area is estimated to range beteen 160 and 180 thousand people according to the various projections based on the 1988 National Population Census. Regionalpoptulation. Singida Region hosted 1.1 million inhabitants in June 2000, according to the Consultant's estimate, based on projections of the demographic series tabulated below. Table .] Populationof singida Region accorcling to official figures Districts Population Annual rate 1967 1978 1988 1996 estimate 1967-78 1978-88 1. Singida Urban - 55,892 80,987 99,000 - 3,7 2. Singida Rural 193,819 213,732 285,092 339,000 0.9 2.9 3. Iramba 183,964 242,003 290,260 353,000 2.5 1.8 4. Manyoni 80,157 120,403 135,475 164,000 2.2 2,8 Singida Region 457,940 614,030 791,814 962,000 2.7 2.5 Tanzania Mainland 111,958,6 54 17,036,499 22,533,758 28,396,247 3.2 2.8 Sources: a) Population Census: 1967, 1978 and 1988. B) Official administrativefigutresfor1996 .The road influence area covers Singida Urban District totally and most of Singida Rural and Iramba istricts. The inter-census population growth rate declined from 2.7% in 1967-78 to 2.5% in 1978-88. Iramba District had the highest rate of 2.5 % compared to 2.2 in Manyoni and 0.9 in Singida Rural. The region's fertility rate raised between 1967-88 from 7.5 percent 1967, 8.7 % in 1978 and 7.0 % in 1989. Likewise the average household size increased from 4.1 % in 1967 to 5.3 % in 1988, while the death rate (CDR) for the region somehow stabilized at 10 %. The national average death rate was 13.5 % in .1988. Table B.2 Deinogrphic indicatorsof Singida Region (1967 -88) Demographic rates Year Population Average Annual growth Fertility Death 1967 457.940 3.2 7.5 - 4.1 1978 614.030 2.7 8.7 10.3 4.6 1988 791.814 2.5 7.0 10.6 -.3 Tanzania (1988) 22.533.758 2.8 6.7 13.5 5.3 Souirce: Compiled by Planning Commission 1996 Annex 8 AIlI'ENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix. C - 3 Techi iplai Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annzex 8 - Appendix C Demographicstructuire. Population is young: 46 % are under 15 years while the active group 15 to 64, the core labour force, is 49 %. Table B.3 Population structutre and dependence ratio, 1978-1988 District Year Age Groups Dependence District Year______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ratio 0-4 5-14 15-44 45-64 65 & over Singida Urban 1978 9491 14.710 24,169 5,445 2.076 88.73 j 1988 13,436 22,562 34,753 7,790 2,977 91.61 Singida Rural 1978 36 137 61,522 78,493 27,102 10,56B 102.58 } 1988 50,227 83 309 107,339 29,499 14,477 108.09 1978 43,373 69,940 82,411 32,343 13,993 110.94 lramba j3988 47,709 86,932 103,854 34,112 17,472 110.25 Manyoni 1978 17,570 25.405 39,670 13,995 5,625 85.26 1 1988 22,859 37.083 31,962 16,023 7,426 99.08 Total 1978 106,571 165,577 653 78,885 37,261 100.29 H1988 134,222 229,896 297,908 97,427 41252 105.46 Source: Popuilation Census: 1978 and 1988 Males outnumber females in the age group under 15 years, while females 15-64 are more numerous than males. The group aged 65 and over exceeds 5% except in Singida Urban where it is less than 4 %. The dependence ratio is a higher in Singida and Iramba than in other districts, meaning that a large number of people are being supported by few workers in the active group. Table B.4 sex and age groups 1988 (in % ) District Sex 0 - 14 15 - 64 65 and over Total Males 42.2 54.1 3.7 100 1. Singida Urban Females 41.6 54.9 3.5 100 Total 41.9 54.5 3.6 100 Males 49.4 45.3 5.3 100 2. Singida Rural Females 44.5 50.7 4.8 100 Total 47.0 48.0 5.0 100 { Males 48.9 45.0 6.1 100 3. Iramba [ Females 44.5 50.0 5.5 100 Total 46.7 l 47.5 5.8 100 Males 45.7 48.9 5.4 100 4. Manyoni [ Females 42.9 51.5 5.6 100 Total 44.3 50.2 5.5 100 Males 47.8 46.8 5.4 100 Total | Females 43.8 51.0 5.2 100 M & F 45.8 48.9 5.3 100 Source: 1988 Population Census. Regional Profile Singida Populationtdenisity. Population density in Singida (19.5) is below the national average (30.1). Within the Region, density is lowest in Manyoni district Table B.5. Population density, 1978 -1996 Annex 8 APl'ENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix C - 4 Techniplan Sin gida-Shlelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appenidix C Dist.ic. Land Population Population Density area 1978 1988 1996 1978 1988 1996 Singida Urban 657 55.890 80.990 99.000. 85. 123 151 Singida Rural 12.160 213.730 285.090 399.000 18 23 28 Iramba 7.900 242.000 290.260 353.000 31 37 45 Manyoni 28.620 102.400 135.480 164.000 4 5 6 Singida Region 49.340 614.040 791.80 962.000 12 16 20 Mainland 942.780 17.036.500 22.533.760 28.396.250 18 24 30 Souirce: Planning Commission analysis 1996. Table B.6 Population.of the ruiral Divisions or Sub-Districts inclutded in the road influence area Tarafa District Km2 Population Density (hab/km2) . . ~~~~~~1988-2000 1. Ndago Iramba 850 9,000 12,600 14.8 2. Shelui Iramba 825 18,100 25,300. 30.6 3. Kinampanda Iramba 340 12,000 16,800 49.4 4. Kinyangiri Iramba 600 10,500 14,700 24.5 5. Kisiriri Iramba 610 9,400 13,200 21.6 6. Nduguti Iramba 520 7,000 9,800 18.8 7. Singida Urban Singida Urban 660 99,000 150,000 242 8. Singida Rural Singida Rural 1650 160,000 224,000 136 9. Ilongero Singida Rural 1010 21,000 29,400 29.1 10. Mgori Singida Rural 590 12,900 18,000 30.5 11. Mungaa Singida Rural 645 12,900 18,000 27.9 Total 8,300 371,800 531,000 64.1 Source. Censuis data for 1988 and Consultant'sprojections for tlle year 2000 Ethnic groups There are ten major ethno-linguistic groups in Singida Region, namely: Nyiraniba, Nyauiru, Kimbu, Gogo, Isanzu, Taturu, Sukuma, Mangati, Barbaig and Hadzebe. The latter two are of Nilotic or Nilo-Hamitic descent, probably having migrated into the .region from Northern Africa or the Nile Valley through South Sudan or Ethiopia and Somaliland, while the other eight tribes are of Bantu -origin from Ethiopia, Lake Victoria, Congo, Southern Africa and Upare mountains. However there are few mixtures of Nyamwezi and Luo from neighbouring regions like Tabora, Shinyanga and Mara and some Asians and Arabs especially in towns. 2.. AGRIACULTURtE. Estiniates Annex 8 APPENDIX C sociocc-may 03 Appendix C - 5 Tech niplant Singida-ShIeliui Road: Detailed Enigineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix C Agriculture employs almost 80% of the regional manpower and contributes just 60% of GDP. This poor productivity indicator reflects extensive farming practices leading to the progresive depletion of the resource basis. The bulk of local crops is grown in soils overlying granite and falling into soil classes 1 and 2. Here and there, patches of ground overlain by non-laterized red earths (typical of class 3) are favoured on account of greater fertility. However, the dry climate and average low soil fertility constrain agricultural development in this part of Tanzania. The table below shows the most recent statistics about agricultural production in Singida. Table B.3 Overall agricultuiralproduiction of Singicla Region (1995) Indicators Maize Sorghum Bulrush Paddy Cassava Swcet potato ______m ille t ______Hectares 65,762 89,141 36,326 2,477 7,079 6,534 Tonnes 151,746 141,661 43,591 9,905 35,395 30,663 Ton/ha 2.30 1.59 1.20 4.00 5.00 4.70 Indicators Sunflower Cotton Tobacco G/nuts Finger millet Onion Hectares 14,921 5,620 1,080 8,351 3,198 4,627 Tonnes 13,427 2,765 1,188 8,351 2,585 18,473 Ton/ha 0.90 0.49 1.10 1.00 0.81 3.99 The regional agricultural production is subsistence-oriented, as shown by the following figuries. TableB.4. Produiction of food crops in tons by District, 1995/96 Crop Singida Iramba uirban Manyoni Singida rural Total % I Sorghum 4,350 63,074 27,902 59,694 155,020 34.66 2 B. millet 3,744 15,846 8,321 20,958 20,958 10.93 3 Maize 3,681 86,187 33,400 51,126 51,126 38.99 4 Wheat - 614 - 490 490 0.25 5 Paddy 12 988 6,456 660 660 1.81 6 Beans 83 3,536 573 1,114 1,114 1.19 7 Cow-peas 41 483 1,360 506 506 0.53 8 Cassava 525 9,200 3,150 5,075 5,075 4.01 9 Sweet potatoes 2,005 13,915 2,300 15,915 15,915 7.63 Total 14,441 193,843 83,462 155,538 447,284 100 Table B.5 Prodcliction of cash crops in tonnes bu District 1995/96 Crop Singida tramba Manioni Singida rural Total % urban I Cotton 18 1,456 478 750 2,702 5.90 2 Sunnower 288 14,650 1,020 7,656 23,614 51.60 3 G/niuts 72 2,433 618 1,370 4,493 1 9.80 4 Onions 114 6,060 174 3,591 9,939 21.70 5 Tobacco - - 979 - 979 2.20 6 Chick peas 51 99 3 130 i 283 0.60 7 Finger millet 30 969 82 1,536 I 2,617 5.70 8 Wheat - 614 - 490 1,104 2.40 9 Dates 2 18 7 13 40 0.10 I Total 575 26,299 3,361 15,536 45,771 100 3. STANDARDS OF LXVING Annex 8 APPENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix C - 6 Techniplat Singida-Shielui Road: Detailed Enginieering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendir C Altogether, the socio-economic indicators of Singida region are considerably below the average of Tanzania, even though they do compare unfavorably with those of the neighboring regions, as shown by the following table. Table B.6 Sin gida's Socio-Economic Indicators conpared with neighbori g Regions . . .- : '; - s'Cs. a ; & ; Cs. .IndcatorS.'. ., ., InI 1. Rcgional GDP(Sh billion 1994) 83.0 52.0 50. 1 92,.0 57.9 110.4 55.0 2. Per Capita Income (Sh 1994) 62,140 55,640 43,750 64,500 39,600 50,750 44,980 3. Population Growth Rate 1988 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.4 4. Population Density per km2 26 16 50 21 30 35 14 5. Population Access to Clean Water, 94 50.5 42.8 53.6 48.2 64.0 28.2 38.8 6. Thousand People per Hospital 150 132 121 83 248 222 148 7. Number of People per Dispcnsary 10,000 6,140 7,890 6,650 6,770 9,610 9,250 8. Primary School Net Enrolment Rate 54.2 45.7 58.9 62.5 48.1 59.5 52.7 9. Illiteracy Rate, 1992 16 25.6 12.3 13.8 17.7 31.9 12.2 Registered vehicles based in the towns of the project area are about 900, most of them used for commercial transport purposes. Annex 8 APP'ENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix C - 7 Techniiplai Singida-ShIeluti Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix C Annex 8 APPENDIX C socioec-may 03 Appendix C - 8 Tech niplan Singida-Shelui Road Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix D Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX D AGRO-ECONOMIC AREAS OF SINGIDA REGION Annex 8 APPENDIX D agroec-may 03 Appendix D - 1 Techniplant Singida-SheltiiRoad Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix E Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX E WATER RESOURCES OF THE PROJECT AREA The project area belongs to a semi-arid region. While surface water is available in the rainy season, groundwater is mainly used during the dry season. There are very few perennial watercoLirses along the 110 km stretch of Singida-Shelui road and water is a scarce commodity in all road-side settlements. For domestic use, the main sources are hand-dug waterholes shallow wells and boreholes. Rainwater harvesting from ground catchment serves mainly for livestock and construction. Some wells are fitted with hand pumps, wind mill-operated pumps. Water distribution pipes installed in some settlements are mostly dry. For example, in Mgongo village - where a water tank put up in 1974 was fed by a. spring in Sekenke escarpment via a 75 mm pipe running parallel to Singida-Shelui road - villagers have reverted to ground water. Notably, good water sources for domestic use are water falls in Sekenke escarpment. These have however not been exploited as yet. The water sources that can be relied upon during the dry season for domestic and construction use along Singida-Shelui road are listed below. Table E. I Dry season water sources along the pro ect road Roadside location and km Water Source remarks 98-105 Shallow wells, dug waterholes, tube wells Either side of the road - Kindai Lake Within Singida township 3 Singidani Lake RHS 400 30 Iguguno River 41 Boreholes Either side 60 Ground and rain water reservoirs, windmill borehole, waterholes RHS - Kyengege 20-100m 66 River Ulemo 2.3. km RHS 87 River Kibigiri Kibigiri village Need intake works and 83-110 Wembere and Sungura Watembo falls, Sekenke area piping to fetching site Source: field suirvey Analyzed water samples from selected sources along the road were found to be polluted. Therefore, untreated water is unsuitable for drinking. Turbidity of most water samples is high. Table E.2 Laboratory analysis of water samples from sources along Singicla -Shelui road. Parameters Water source location Tlubidity- Hardnies S0a F status s (Mq/I) (Ig/I (g/) (Ingil) I Shelui river 3 7.6 240 0 2.1 9.3 faccal 2 Hand pump well, Shelui 9 7.8 143 32.2 1.5 6.3 faecal 3 Borehole windnill, Kyengege 3 7.6 148 38.4 1.6 6.4 faccal 4 Hland-pump well, Iguguno 3 8.0 345 62.0 2.1 8.8 faecal 5 Iguguno River 36 8.0 272 28.1 1.4 8.4 faecal 6 Water hole , Shelui 167 7.6 334 24.1 2.04 3.2 faccal 7 Sekenke/Kibigiri river 132 7.4 90 37.6 2.0 5.9 faecal Source: Previous stucdies Annex 8 APPENDIX E water-may 03 Appendix E - 3 Techniplan Singida-Shellti Road Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix E The quality of water in all sources with respect pH was found to be good, with a pH between 7.4 and 8.0 as shown in Table 7. Fluoride content in water samples from all the sources is in the range that can cause health effects. Except for the Shelui water holes the rest are unacceptable judging by general WHO standards. However, by Tanzania temporary standards, only the Shelui River sources and the Iguguno well and river sources are unacceptable. In respect of nitrate content, water from all sources is of acceptable quality. The sulphate content is also good for domestic water use. However, in respect of hardness, most water samples were found to be between moderately soft and very hard as shown in Table 7. The water from the water hole in Shelui, with a hardness of 334 mg/I, is very hard, implying that it can have effects on taste, cause severe scaling and can impair lathering. Turbidity of water from Iguguno River, the water hole at Shelui and river water from Kibigiri River is high enough to be able to cause secondary health effects, apart from its muddy appearance. However, currently the water is used after purification with alum. This means it can reliably be used in the same way in future. Annex 8 APPENDIX E water-may 03 Appendix E - 4 Techniplan Singicda-Sheliui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix F Annex 8: EPIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX F HEALTH DATA OF THE PROJECT AREA Annex 8 APPENDIX F health-may 03 Appendix F - 1 Techniplan Singida-Sheliui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Antnex 8 - Appendir F Annex, 8: ELA, SLV R IA ; ,. , , ;- fl - 2APPENDIX F. ;:Wt i, 1 - !-;i; DATAt;HEALT;H OF- 'lTE -PROJECT REA:,, Singida Region is characterized by the diffusion of diseases which can be aggravated by the demographic flows associated with transport development. The following tables shows statistical data concerning: - communicable diseases, and: - diseases sensitive to traffic conditions, especially eye and lung diseases which can be aggravated by dust and air pollution. The displayed health situation data regard the districts traversed by the project road.. Table F. 1 Communicable diseases in Sin,gida and Iramba districts, 1996 L'i l;n K L.r: I Irj inI,1 Malaria 19,168 88,034 172,013 2 DianThoea 3,997 29,854 12,550 3 Meningitis 7 25 107 .4 Wonn infestation 1638 8161 2262 Table F.2 Selected communicable diseases in Singida region, 1997 --.is,,ease . , > : . ..::. '_'_I_'_,_"__ '_ '_;_ -",_ ': District" .;,~,- '. Disease'+ . :. . - ; . .. , . Urban ': - . ' 'Rural Iramnba 1 Malaria 238478 57497 1938 2 Dianhoea 7676 15098 380 3 Cholera 3 167 4 Meningitis 1 24 31 5 Bilharzia 0 788 0 6 Worm infestation 2953 5080 243 7 Typhoid 1242 50 0 Table F.3 Cases of Cholera in districts of Singida region, January-Auguist 1998 - Month . . Urban' . ural Iramba January 81 30 0 February 185 18 0 March 139 35 25 April 6 13 39 May 0 0 24 June 0 0 0 July 1 0 0 August 0 3 0 Additional data on communicable diseases are presented in Tables 13 through 15 in respect of Singida urban area and its suburbs, Iguguno, Misigiri, Msisi, Manga and Shelui. The data are on Aids/mHV infections, eye diseases and upper respiratory track infection (URTI) for the period between 1996 and 1998. Annex 8 APPENDIX F health-may 03 Appendix F - 3 Techntiplan Sin gida-Slzelui Road: DetailedEngineerinig Design FiiialReport: Annex 8 - Appendix F Table F.4 Recorcled cases of Aids along Sin gida-Shelui road, 1996-99 TownshipTownship______1996 Period1997 1998 l Singida urban 28 28 78 2 Iguguno 3 5 10 3 Misigiri 2 4 6 4 Msisi 0 0 2 5 Manga 0 2 1 6 Shelui 5 7 15 Table F.5 Recorded e e diseases along Singida-Shelui road, 1996-99 T'ownship Period 1998 1996 1997 1998 I Singida urban 2250 2809 3111 2 Iguguno 1200 1350 1765 3 Misigiri 125 75 165 4 Msisi 12 15 13 5 Manga 10 5 12 6 Shelui 7 18 30 Table F.6 Recorded cases of URTI along Singida-Shelui Roadfor 1996-98 Township Period 1996 1997 1998 1 Singida urban 906 1100 1201 2 Iguguno 351 825 775 3 Misigiri 277 327 451 4 Msisi 23 45 60 5 Manga 11 16 45 6 Shelui 10 25 30 Most eye diseases referred to in Table 14 are caused by air pollution common in Singida, in part from traffic blown dust and other particulates of vehicular origin. Due to water dearth in most of the project area, personal hygiene is poor, exacerbating eye diseases, occasionally leading to blindness. Upper respiratory track infections (URTI) are also mainly due to dust and other particulates inhaled by victims. Diarrhea stems from unsafe food preparation practices and unhygienic food handlers. In respect of AIDS/ HIV infections, data reflect the role of the townships listed as stopovers for haulage trucks bound for as far as Burundi and Rwanda. 1998 AIDS data for Singida urban show that almost 86% of Aids cases were females. While the document recognises the impact that road development will have in terms of the potential for the spread of HIV/AIDS, the analysis is lacking in three main areas. H1V/AIDS impact is not consistently recognised in all the sections dealing with health impacts. For example, while it is mentioned in table 7.5 (section v), it is missing in the earlier similar section 6.2 (pg. 22) on direct impact of road use on disease, vectors etc. It needs to be reflected consistently throughout the document in all relevant sections. The document needs to expand on what the project will do with regard to preventing and controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS. Currently there is only brief mention that the project will have some activities but these need to be detailed, budgeted and lines of responsibility for implementation shown. The emphasis on HIV/AIDS awareness needs to be given more importance as part of project activities. Annex 8 APPENDIX F health-may 03 Appendix F - 4 Technziplaz Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineeriug Design zFinal Report: Annex 8 - AppendLi G Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIAi APPENDIX C; -:-G;S- ; ARCHAEOLOGY HERITAGE AND ROADDEVELOPMENT. Annex 8 APPENDIX G archeol-may 03 Appendix G - 1 Techniplani Singida-Shelui Roacd: Detailedl Engineering Design Finial Report: Annex 8 - Appendix G Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX G CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ROAD DEVELOPMENT The cultural heritage of Singida Region, particularly the Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) may be affected by road works. The most significant known PRC are represented by rock paintings. 1. PREHISTORIC ROCK PAINTINGS IN SING]IDA REGGION In Singida region, the Govemment Authorities responsible for cultural heritage have inventoried more than 50 rock painting sites and other prehistoric remnants, including the so called Drmm caves. Some of the known sites, as those of Kiomboi, lie quite close to the project road, even though not so near as to be exposed to the hazards of road works. In fact, none of the classified sites is menaced by the road upgrading worlcs envisaged by the present project. However, it is possible that road works may stumble, while in progress, over yet urnknown paleontological, prehistoric or historica The list of the sites discovered so far is tabulated below and displayed in Figure 11 of Part 4 of the main text of the present Annex. T'able G.1. Prehistoricart heritage sites in Singida region Site District Locality Description I Busi-Lake Singida Busi-Lake Rock art 2 Didimas Singida Didimas Rock art 3 Gyezi Iramba Gyezi Later Stone Age Site 4 Ilisia Hill (Elisia) Singida Ilisia Hill Rock art: Several rock shelters with paintings 5 flongero Singida Ilongero Rock art 6 Irisia Singida Irisia Rock art 7 Isa.izu IsanzuSingida Rock art: several rock shelters with paintings. Later 7 Isanzu Singida Isanzu Stone Age artifacts found in some of the shelters "Drum caves" at Kilili Hill near Nduguti and at 8 lambi Singida lambi Samanja. Rock Paintings in sites near Mgunza stream and at Ndala and Kinyakuni North of Ngombe River 9 Haka Iramba Iramba plateau Rock art and Later Stone Age remains 10 Kalili Iramba Kaiili Site with Later Stone Age and Iron Age remains II Kilima Wangu framba Kilima Wangu Cave with Later Stone Age artifact and recent drums 12 Kilimali I and It Iramba Kilima Sites with pottery and grinding stones, probably recent 13 Kimangwe Iramba Kimangwe Later Stone Age Sites 14 Kiomboi Iramba Kiomboi Later Stone Age Sites, I,II,I1I,IV,V ______15 Kiomboi I1,III,V Iramba Kiomboi Sites with roulette decorated pottery probably recent. 16 Kinasungi Iramba Iramba plateau Rock Art. 17 Kipoma kramba Kipoma Site with iron slag and grinding stones probably recent. 18 Kirondatal Iramba Iramba plateau Rock Art. 19 Kipyungu Iramba Isanzu Rock Art: a rock shelter with paintings. 20 Kirumi Singida Kirumi Rock Art Annex 8 Al'PENDIX G archeol-may 03 Appendix G - 3 Techniplan Sinzgida-Sheliui Road: Detailed Engilneering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appenidix G Rock Art: Two rock shelters with paintings and Later Stone Age artifacts and pottery 22 Kititimu Singida Kititimu Rock Art. 23 KituIlu Singida~ Kitulu Rock art: Several shelters, paintings and Later Stone 23 KiculuSingid~~i Kitulu remains 24 Kunguru H-lill Singida Kunguru Hill Rock art: Several rock shelters withi paintings 25 Lulu Lampempele Iramba Lulu Lulampempele Rock shelters with paintings, Later Stone Age remains 26 Mila (Maaita) [ramba Mila Later Stone Age remains 27 Manga Iramba Manga Rock Art: Rock shclter with paintings 28 Mgimu Singida 15 km east of Mgori Rock paintings 29 Mponde Singida Mponde Rock Art: - Several rock shelters with paintings 30 Msensemo Iramba Iramba Plateau Rock Art 3 .MsuguoMsuguo Singida Rock Art: Paintings at Mpondo (South of Msuguo) and 3i Msuguo Singida Msuguo Manyeghi (East of Msuguo) 32 Mukirimphiri framba lsanzut Rock Art: Rock shelter with paintings 33 Makukunu Iramba !sanzu Rock Art: Rock shelter with paintings 34 Muligi tramba Muligi Two localities with Later Stone Age artifacts. 35 Muligi Rock Iramba Plateau Shelter with seven drums. 36 Mwahohu Iramba Isanzu Rock Art: Rock shelter with paintings 37 Ngala Iramba Ngala Rock art 38 Ngongosoro Singida West of Isuna Drmin caves 39 Pamnpala Kimnugalu Iramba Pampala Kimugalu Later Stone Age Site 40 Taru Hill Singida Ikungi Rock Art 41 LUsungi Iramba Usungi Later Stone Age settlement site. 42 Vila Mkono Singida North of Pambara Rock Art. Soutrce: National Muiseuw, Dares Salaanm, 2000 Figure 11 in Part 4 of the main text shows an example of rock painting from the road influence area. The surface has several layers overlapping. The latest figures belong to the "Late Hunters". Two large human figures in the middle of the panel are "Early Gatherers". Below them animal figures from the "Early Hunters" can be seen. 2. WORLD ARCHIVES. OF. ROCK ART (WARA) Singida rock paintings have been classified and introduced in the World Archives of Rock Art thanks to a cultural heritage cooperation project financed by the Tanzanian and Italian Governments in 1996-97. The following paragraphs provide background information on the Archives. The origins of art can be traced through the signs and figures left by pre-literate peoples on the surfaces of rocks and caves throughout the world. For 40,000 years, humans have sought means of artistic communication. Their legacy can be understood through these creative manifestations. Rock art is a visual narrative of our earliest common cultural heritage. From early hunters and gatherers to evolved hunters, agriculturalists, metal workers and proto-literate populations, rock paintings and engravings not only depict scenes of daily life, beliefs and preoccupations at different stages of development; they also reveal individual and societal needs as well as conceptual and communicative motivations. Insight into fundamental human processes, such as knowledge, culture, art, imagination and religion can be sought and gained through the study of rock art. There are about 700,000 known sites of rock paintings and engravings, throughout the world, with an estimated 20 million images and signs on record. Moreover, there are over 100,000 extant prehistoric art objects: figurines, plaquettes, engraved bones, decorated horns and Annex 8 Al'PENDIX G archeol-may 03 Appendix G - 4 Tecihniplacn ,)ingiaa-.)letut i antlers. Gathered from sites spread all over the world, they are displayed in museums, galleries and collections. Considering the limitation of the explored areas, the total number of rock art images that still survive in the world may well be much higher. At present over 99% of the prehistoric art is in fact rock art. Major sites of rock art are found in over 120 countries and constitute an immense patrimony, not yet extensively inventoried. Only small parts and areas of rock art have been thoroughly studied. A rediscovery of primordial messages and themes is essential for cultural and historical awareness. Rock art constitutes the bulk of evidence of the cultural and intellectual history of humankind before the advent of written comnmunication. In is imperative that this essential source of information is understood and preserved. Research, documentation and conservation should progress with a world view; knowledge of the value and meaning of this heritage should become accessible to a wider audience. An evaluation of this patrimony is necessary for cultural purposes, but also for a constant updating of the state of the art, for the uses of administrations, governments and international organisations, agencies dealing with conservation and preservation and for institutions developing the cultural use of the archaeological and artistic patrimony. This immense heritage is vulnerable. Every day bits and pieces of rock surfaces are falling apart. Development projects, the expansion of roads, housing and agriculture can hardly be stopped. But rock art should be documented and recorded before it is destroyed to assure that its testimony will remain for future generations. Annex 8 APPENDIX G archeol-may 03 Appendix G - 5 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix If Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX H WORLD BANK GUIDELINES ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT Document 1. General Directive Document 2. Policy and Procedures Document 3. Definitions Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 1 Techliiplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX H WORLD BANK GUIDELINES ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLE!%iW IT Document 1. General Directive' Introduction 1. This directive describes Bankl policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement, as well as the conditions that borrowers are expected to meet in operations involving involuntary resettlement.2 Planning and financing resettlement components or free- standing projects are an integral part of preparation for projects that cause involuntary displacement. Any operation that involves land acquisition or is screened as a Category A or B project for environmental assessment purposes3 should be reviewed for potential resettlement requirements early in the project cycle (par. 20). 2. Development projects that displace people involuntarily4 generally give rise to severe economic, social, and environmental problems: production systems are dismantled; productive assets and income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community structures and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out.5 Policy Objectives 3. The objective of the Bank's resettlement policy is to ensure that the population displaced by a project receives benefits from it. Involuntary resettlement is an integral part of project design and should be dealt with from the earliest stages of project preparation (par. 28), taking into account the following policy considerations: (a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs. For example, realignment of roads or reductions in dam height may significantly reduce resettlement needs. (b) Where displacement is unavoidable, resettlement plans should be developed. All involuntary resettlement should be conceived and executed as development programs, with resettlers provided sufficient investment and opportunities to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be (i) compensated for their losses at full replacement cost prior to the actual move; (ii) assisted with the move and supported during the transition period in the resettlement site; and (iii) assisted in their efforts Notes are edited at the end of each Doctinlent Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 3 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Annex 8 - Appendidr H to improve their foirmer living standards, income earning capacity and production levels, or at least to restore them. Attention should be paid to the needs of the poorest groups to be resettled. (c) Community participation in planning and implementing resettlement should be encouraged. Appropriate patterns of social organization should be set up, and social and cultural institutions of resettlers and their hosts 6 should be supported and used to the greatest extent possible. (d) Resettlers should be integrated socially and economically into.host communities so that adverse impacts on host communities are minimized. The best way of achieving this integration is for resettlement to be planned in areas benefiting from the project and in consultation with future hosts. (e) Land, housing, infrastructure, and other compensation should be provided to the adversely affected population, indigenous groups,7 ethnic minorities, and pastoralists who may have usufruct or 'customary rights to the land or other resources taken for the project. The absence of legal title to land by such groups should not be a bar to compensation. Resettlement Planning 4. Where large-scale8 population displacement is unavoidable, a detailed resettlement plan, tirhetable, and budget are required. Resettlement plans should be built around a development strategy and package aimed at improving or at least restoring the econornic base for those relocated. Experience indicates that cash compensation alone is normally inadequate. Voluntary settlement may form part of a resettlement plan, provided measures to address the special circumstances of involuntary resettlers are included. Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for people dislocated from agricultural settings. If suitable land is unavailable, nonland-based strategies built around opportunities for employment or self-employment may be used. Plan Content 5. The content and level of detail' of resettlement. plans, which will vary with circumstances, especially the magnitude of resettlement, should normally include a statement of objectives and policies, an executive summary, and provision for the following:- (a) organizational responsibilities (par. 6); (b) community participation and integration with host populations (paras. 7-10); (c) socioeconomic survey (par.. 1); (d) legal framework (par. 12); (e) alternative sites and selection (par. 13); (f) valuation of and compensation for lost assets (paras. 14-16); (g) land tenure, acquisition, and transfer (par. 17); (h) access to training, employment, and credit (par. 18); (i) shelter, infrastructure, and social services (par. 19); (j) environmental protection and management (par. 20); and (k) implementation schedule, monitoring, and evaluation (paras. 21-22). Cost estimates should be prepared for these activities, and they should be budgeted and scheduled in coordination with the physical works of the main investment project. Annex 8 API'END[X H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 4 Techliiplai Sinigida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendir 11 Organizational Responsibilities 6. The responsibility for resettlement rests with the borrower. The organizational framework for managing resettlement must be developed during preparation and adequate resources provided to the responsible institutions. The organization responsible for resettlement should be strengthened when entities executing infrastructure or other sector- specific projects lack the experience and outlook needed to design and implement resettlement. One alternative is to create a special resettlement unit within the project entity: this can facilitate the involvement of other line agencies. Another alternative is to entrust resettlement to the regional or town administration that knows the population and area, can mobilize local expertise, speaks the resettlers' language, and will ultimately be responsible for the integration of resettlers into the host population and area. There also may be considerable scope for involving nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement.9 Community Participation and Integration with Host Population 7. Most displaced people prefer to move as part of a preexisting community, neighborhood, or kinship group. The acceptability of a resettlement plan can be increased and the disruption caused by resettlement can be cushioned by moving people in groups, reducing dispersion, sustaining existing patterns of group organization, and retaining access to cultural propertylO (temples, pilgrimage centers, etc.), if necessary, through the relocation of the property. 8. The involvement of involuntary resettlers and hosts in planning prior to the move is critical. Initial resistance to the idea of involuntary resettlement is to be expected. To obtain cooperation, participation, and feedback, the affected hosts and resettlers need to be systematically inforned and consulted during preparation of the resettlement plan about their options and rights. They should also be able to choose from a number of acceptable resettlement alternatives. These steps can be taken directly or through formal and informal leaders and representatives. Experience has shown that local NGOs can often provide valuable assistance and ensure viable community participation. Moreover, institutionalized arrangements, such as regular meetings between project officials and communities, should be provided for resettlers and hosts to communicate their concerns about the resettlement program to project staff throughout planning and implementation. 11 Particular attention must be given to ensure that vulnerable groups such as indigenous people, ethnic minorities, the landless, and women are represented adequately in such arrangements. 9. The plan should address and mitigate resettlement's impact on host populations. Host communities and local governments should be informed and consulted. Any payment due the hosts for land or other assets provided to resettlers should be promptly rendered. Conflicts between hosts and resettlers may develop as increased demands are placed on land, water, forests, services, etc., or if the resettlers are provided services and housing superior to that of the hosts. Conditions and services in host communities should improve, or at least not deteriorate. Providing improved education, water, health, and production services to both groups fosters a better Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 5 Techi iplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appeidixr i social climate for their integration. In the long run, the extra investment will help prevent conflicts and secure the project's aims. 10. Successful resettlement requires a timely transfer of responsibility from settlement agencies to the settlers themselves. Otherwise, a dependency relationship may arise, and agency resources may become tied up in a limited number of continually supervised schemes. Local leadership must be encouraged to assume responsibility for environmental management and infrastructure maintenance. Socioeconomic Survey 11. Resettlement plans should be based on recent information about the scale and impact of resettlement on the displaced population. In addition to describing standard household characteristics, socioeconomic surveys should describe (a) the magnitude of displacement; (b) information on the full resource base of the affected population, including income derived from informal sector and nonfarm activities, and from common property; (c) the extent to which groups will experience total or partial loss of assets; (d) public infrastructure and social services that will be affected; (e) formal and informal institutions (such as community organizations, ritual groups, etc.) that can assist with designing and implementing the resettlement programs; and (f) attitudes on resettlement options. Socioeconomic surveys, recording the names of affected families, should be conducted as early as possible to prevent inflows of population ineligible for compensation. Legal Framework 12. A clear understanding of the legal issues involved in resettlement is needed to design a feasible resettlement plan. An analysis should be made to determine the nature of the legal framework for the resettlement envisaged, including (a) the scope of the power of eminent domain, the nature of compensation associated with it, both in terms of the valuation methodology and the timing of payment; (b) the legal and administrative procedures applicable, including the appeals process and the normal time-frame for such procedures; (c) land titling and registration procedures; and (d) laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for implementing resettlement and those related to land compensation, consolidation, land use, environment, water use, and social welfare. Alternative Sites and Selection 13. The identification of several possible relocation sites and the demarcation of selected sites is a critical step for both rural and urban resettlement. For land-based resettlement, the new site's productive potential and locational advantages should be at least equivalent to those of the old site. The Bank encourages "land for land" approaches, providing replacement land at least equivalent to the lost land. For rural settlers, irrigation, land reclamation, tree crop. development, intensification of production, and other innovations often can provide adequate production potential on limited amounts of land to resettle agriculturalists, even in countries with high population densities. In selecting sites, attention must be paid to the availability of sources of off-farm income (fishing, gathering forest products, seasonal wage Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 6 7ech niplant Sinlgidla-Shzelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H employment) to complement farm income. For urban resettlers, the new site should ensure comparable access to employment, infrastructure, services, and production opportunities. For both rural and urban resettlement, the borrower needs to (a) develop institutional and technical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites, e.g., pooling together small plots, wasteland reclamation, land leveling, and terracing; (b) draw up timetables and budgets for site preparation and transfer; (c) make legal arrangements for transferring titles to resettlers; and (d) consider, when necessary, a temporary freeze on land transactions within the relocation area to prevent land speculation. Though the Bank does not disburse against land acquisition, it can finance land improvement to accommodate resettlers. Valuation of and Compensation for Lost Assets 14. Valuation of lost assets should be made at their replacement cost. Compensation is facilitated by (a) paying special attention to the adequacy of the legal arrangements concerning land title, registration, and site occupation; (b) publicizing among people to be displaced the laws and regulations on valuation and compensation; (c) establishing criteria for determining the resettlement eligibility of affected households, e.g., households that have only partially lost their assets but are no longer economically viable should be entitled to full resettlement; and (d) developing mechanisms to prevent illegal encroachers and squatters, including an influx of nonresidents entering to take advantage of such benefits, from participating in the compensation arTangements, by an early recording of the numbers and names of affected populations entitled to compensation/rehabilitation. 15. Some types of loss, such as access to (a) public services; (b) customers and suppliers; and (c) fishing, grazing, or forest areas, cannot easily be evaluated or compensated for in monetary terms. Attempts must therefore be made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. 16. Vulnerable groups at particular risk are indigenous people, the landless and semilandless, and households headed by females who, though displaced, may not be protected through national land compensation legislation. The resettlement plan must include land allocation or culturally acceptable alternative income-earning strategies to protect the livelihood of these people. Land Tenure, Acquisition, and Transfer 17. Resettlement plans should review the main land tenure and transfer systems, including common property and nontitle-based usufruct systems governed by locally recognized land allocation mechanisms. The objective is to treat customary and formal rights as equally as possible in devising compensation rulcs and procedures. The plan should address the issues raised by the different tenure systems found in a project area, including (a) the compensation eligibility of land-dependent populations; (b) the valuation procedures applicable to different tenure types; and (c) the grievance procedures available for disputes over land acquisition. Plans should contain provisions for conducting land surveys and regularizing land tenure in the earliest stages of project development. Planning should also anticipate the approximate time needed to acquire and transfer land. Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 7 Techniplan Singida-Sheliii Road DetailedEnigineering Design Final Report: Anniex 8 - Appenidix H Access to Training, Employment, and Credit 18. Normally, general economic growth cannot be relied upon to protect fhe welfare of the project-affected population. Thus, alternative employment strategies are needed for nonagricultural displaced people, or where the land that can be made available is not sufficient to accommodate all the displaced farmers. The resettlement plan should, where feasible, exploit new economic activities made possible by the main investment requiring the displacement. Vocational training, employment counseling, transportation to jobs, employment in the main investment project or in resettlement activities, establishment of industries, incentives for firms to locate in the area, credit and extension for small businesses or reservoir aquaculture, and preference in public sector employment should all be considered where appropriate. Shelter, Infrastructure, and Social Services 19. To ensure the economic and social, viability of the relocated communities, adequate resources should be allocated to provide shelter, infrastructure (e.g., water supply, feeder roads), and social services (e.g., schools,. health care centers).12 Site development, engineering, and architectural designs should be prepared for shelter, infrastructure, and social services. Since community or self-built houses are often better accepted and more tailored to the resettlers' needs than contractor-built housing, provision of a building site with suitable infrastructure, model plans, building materials, technical assistance, and "construction allowances" (for income foregone while resettlers build their houses) is an option communities should be offered. Planning for shelter, infrastructure, and- services should take into account population growth. Environmental Protection and Management 20. The screening process for an environmental assessment (EA) normally classifies projects involving involuntary resettlement as Category A.13 The EA of the main investment requiring the resettlement should thus cover the potential environmental impacts of the resettlement. The resettlement plan must be developed in coordination with the EA and define the boundaries of the relocation area, and calculate incremental population density per land unit. In agricultural projects (involving, for example, relocation to the catchment sulTounding a reservoir, or to a downstr-eam command area), if the incoming resettled population is large in relation to the host population, such environmental issues as deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, sanitation, and pollution are likely to become serious and plans should either include appropriate mitigating measures, including training of oustees, or else should allow for alternative sites to be selected. Urban resettlement raises other density-related issues (e.g., transportation capacity, access to potable water, sanitation systems, health facilities, etc.). Constructive environmental management, provided through the EA's mitigation plan,14 may provide good opportunities and benefits to resettlers and host populations alike (e.g., project-financed compensatory afforestation not only replaces the forests submerged by reservoirs but also offers gainful employment). If the consequences on the environment are unacceptable, alternative sites must be found. Aninex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 8 Technziplan Singida-Shelti Road. DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix H Implementation Schedule, Monitoring, and Evaluation 21. The timing of resettlement should be coordinated with the implementation of the main investment component of the project requiring the resettlement. All resettlement plans should include an implementation schedule for each activity covering initial baseline and preparation, actual relocation, and post-relocation economic and social activities. The plan should include a target date when the expected benefits to resettlers and hosts would be achieved. 22. Arrangements for monitoring implementation of resettlement and evaluating its impact should be developed by the borrower during project preparation and used during supervision.15 Monitoring provides both a warning system for project managers and a channel for the resettlers to make known their needs and their reactions to resettlement execution. Monitoring and evaluation units should be adequately funded and staffed by specialists in resettlement. In-house monitoring by the implementing agency may need to be supplemented by independent monitors to ensure complete and objective information. Annual and midterm reviews are desirable for large-scale resettlement. The borrower should be required to continue impact evaluation for a reasonable period after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed. The borrower should also be required to inform the Bank about the findings. Bank Role and Project Options 23. The Bank supports borrowers' efforts through (a) assistance in designing and assessing resettlement policy, strategies, laws, regulations, and specific plans; (b) financing technical assistance to strengthen the capacity of agencies responsible for resettlement; and (c) direct financing of the investment costs of resettlement. The Bank may sometimes finance resettlement even though it has not financed the main investment that made displacement and resettlement necessary (par. 26). 24. The task manager (TM) should inform the borrower of the Bank's resettlement policy. Starting early in the project cycle, the TM with the support of Bank operational, research, and legal staff should assess government policies, experiences, institutions, and the legal framework covering resettlement. In particular, the TM needs to ensure that involuntary resettlement is avoided or minimized, that laws and regulations concerning displaced people provide compensation sufficient to replace all lost assets, and that displaced persons are assisted to improve, or at least restore, their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels. 25. The adequacy of the resettlement plan should be reviewed by appropriate social, technical, and legal experts. Resettlement specialists should visit the possible resettlement sites and review their suitability. In the case of large-scale relocation, such experts should be included in independent technical or environmental review boards. 16 26. Bank financing of resettlement can be provided as follows: (a) As a component of the main investment project causing displacement and requiring resettlement. (b) Anilex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 9 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineeri)lg Design Finzal Report: Ainnex 8 - Appendix H If large enough, as a free-standing resettlement project with appropriate cross- conditionalities, processed and implemented in parallel with the investment project that causes the displacement. The latter approach may better focus country and Bank attention on the effective resolution of resettlement issues. (c) As a sector investment loan. Where the specific resettlement needs of each subproject are not known in advance, the borrower would need to agree to resettlement policies, planning principles, institutional arrangements, and design criteria that meet Bank policy and requirements as a condition of the loan. An estimate should be provided of total population to be displaced and overall resettlement costs, as well as an evaluation of proposed resettlement sites. Subprojects in sector investment loans should be screened by the implementing agency to ensure consistency with this directive, and approved individually by the Bank. For countries with a series of operations requiring resettlement, efforts to improve the policy, institutional, and legal framework for resettlement should form part of the Bank's ongoing country and sector dialogue with the government. These efforts should be appropriately reflected in economic and sector work and in country strategy papers and briefs. Processing and Documentation 27. The Regional Vice President (RVP) should be kept informed of major resettlement issues, and his guidance sought where necessary. The Regional Environment Division (RED), the Legal Department (LEG), and settlement specialists in Sector Policy and Research (PRS) should be consulted or included as necessary in peer reviews on involuntary resettlement issues throughout the project cycle. Identification 28. The possibility of involuntary resettlement should be determined as early as possible and described in all project documents. The TM should (a) briefly summarize in the Initial Executive Project Summary (Initial EPS)17 the magnitude, strategy, and timing of the resettlement; (b) inform borrowers of the Bank's resettlement policy; (c) review past borrower experience with similar operations; (d) invite agencies responsible for resettlement to discuss their policies, plans, and institutional, consultative, and legal arrangements for resettlement; and (e) where appropriate, ensure that technical assistance is provided early to borTowers. Such assistance should include the use of project preparation facility (PPF) resoUirces18 for planning resettlement and building institutional capacity. Preparation 29. During project preparation, the feasibility of resettlement must be established, a strategy agreed upon, the resettlement plan drafted, and budget estimates prepared.19 The full costs of resettlement should be identified and included in the total cost of the main investment project, regardless of financing source. The costs of resettlement should also be treated as a charge against the economic benefits of the investment project that causes the relocation. Any net benefits to resettlers (as compared to the "without project" circumstances) should be added to the benefit stream of the main investment. While the resettlement component or free-standing project need not be economically viable on its own, it should be the least- cost approach consistent with the policies laid out above. Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 10 Techniplan Singida-Shelnii Road: Detailed Engineer-ing Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H Appraisal and Negotiation 30. Submission to the Bank of a time-bound resettlement plan and budget that conforms to Bank policy is a condition of appraisal for projects involving resettlement, except for sector investment loans as discussed in par. 26. All final EPSs should confirm that this requirement has been met. The appraisal mission should ascertain (a) the extent that involuntary resettlement and human hardship will be minimized and whether borrowers can manage the process; (b) the adequacy of the plan, including the timetable and budget for resettlement and compensation; (c) the soundness of the economic and financial analysis; (d) the availability and adequacy of sites and funding for all resettlement activities; (e) the feasibility of the implementation arrangements; and (f) the extent of involvement of beneficiaries. At negotiations, the borrower and the Bank should agree on the resettlement plan. The resettlement plan and the borrower's obligation to carry it out should be reflected in the legal documents. Other necessary resettlement-related actions must be covenanted. The Staff Appraisal Report and the Memorandum and Recommendation of the President should summarize the plan and state that it meets Bank policy requirements. Implementation and Supervision 31. Resettlement components should be supervised throughout implementation.20 Supervision that is sporadic or left until late in implementation invariably jeopardizes the success of resettlement. Bank supervision missions should be staffed with the requisite social, economic, and technical expertise. Annual reviews of large-scale resettlement and in-depth Bank reviews of midterm progress are highly desirable. These reviews should be planned from the outset to allow the Bank and the borrower to make necessary adjustments in project implementation. Complete recovery from resettlement can be protracted and can often make it necessary to continue Bank supervision until well after populations have been relocated, sometimes even after a project has been closed. Ex Post Evaluation 32. The project completion report2l submitted to the Operations Evaluation Department should evaluate resettlement and its impact on the standards of living of the resettlers and the host population. 1. "Bank" includes IDA, and "loans" includes credits. 2. See also Involuntary Resettlement in Development Projects, World Bank Technical Paper No. 80 (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1988). 3. OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment, par. 18. 4. Such projects may include construction or establishment of (a) dams, (b) new towns or ports, (c) housing and urban infrastructure, (d) mines, (e) large industrial plants, (f) railways or highways, (g) irrigation canals, and (h) national parks or protected areas. Refugees from natural disasters, war, or civil strife are also Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 1 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FitialReport: Aninex 8 - Appendix H involuntary resettlers, but they are not discussed in this directive (see OP/BP/GP 8.50, Emergency Recovery Assistance). 5. OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment,. par. 2, and Annex A3. *6. Host communities are those receiving resettlers. 7. See OD 4.20, Indigenous Peoples. 8. Where only a few people (e.g., less than 100-200 individuals) are to be relocated, appropriate compensation for assets, logistical support for moving, and a relocation grant may be the only need. However, the principles on which compensation is to be based are the same as for larger groups. 9. See GP 14.70, Involving Non-Governmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities. 10. See OPN 11.03, Management of Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Projects, to be reissued as OP/BP 4.11, Cultural Property. 11. Disputes of varying kinds may arise in the process of implementation of the agreed resettlement plan. These conflicts could take the form of appeals related to the compensation payable to affected persons, conflicts between the displaced persons and the host population, appeals to the agency charged with the implementation of the resettlement with regard to services promised, etc. It is therefore important to devise schemes for conflict resolution for all resettlement plans. Such schemes should, as far as possible, take into account existing procedures for settling disputes in the country or area concerned. 12. Health care services, particularly for pregnant women, infants, and the elderly, may be important during and after relocation to prevent increases in morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition, the stress of being uprooted, and the usually increased risk of water-borne diseases. 13. See OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment, and Annex B, Environmental Policy for Dam and Reservoir . Projects. The environmental implications of involuntary resettlement will be further discussed under para 6.0, "Special Issues in Environmental Assessment," in Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, to be issued). 14. See Annex Al, par. 2, in OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment. 15. See OD 10.70, Project Monitoring and Evaluation. 16. See OD 4.00, Annex B, Environmental Policy for Dam and Reservoir Projects. 17. See OP/BP 10.00, Investment Lending: Identification to Board Presentation. 18. See OP/BP 8.10, Project Preparation Facility. 19. Detailed guidelines for preparing and appraising resettlement plans are provided in Involuntary Resettlement in Development Projects, World Bank Technical Paper No. 80, Annex 1 (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1988). Pro forma cost tables and guidelines for economic and financial analysis are provided in Annex-2. 20. See OD 13.05, Project Supervision, particularly par. 44-47. 2-1. See OP/BP/ 13.55, Implementation Completion Reporting. Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 12 Techntiplan Singida-Sheliui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix H Document 2. Policy and Procedures ( GOP.mii 4.12) I. Policy Objectives 1. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-tern hardship, impoverishment and environmental damage unless measures are planned and carried out. (1) The overall objectives of the Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement are the following: (a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring viable alternative project designs.(2, 3) (b) Where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing investment resources to give the persons displaced by the project the opportunity to share in project benefits. Displaced persons (4) should have opportunity to participate in planning/implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. II. Impacts Covered 2. This policy covers direct economic and social impacts (6) under Bank-assisted investment projects (7, 8) caused by: (a) the involuntary (9) taking of land and other assets resulting in: - relocation or loss of shelter; - loss of assets or access to assets (10); or - loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access (11) to legally designated parks and protected areas results in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. 3. This policy applies whether or not the Bank is financing the component of the project causing involuntary resettlement. It also covers resettlement resulting from complementary activities that are not part of the Bank-assisted investment project, but are necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents, and are carried out concurrently with, or immediately in anticipation or as a result of, the Bank-assisted project. The policy applies to all displaced persons regardless of the total numbers affected or the severity of impact. 4. Clarifications on application and scope of this policy should be addressed to: Resettlement Committee (see BP 4.12, par. 7). III. Required Measures 5. To address the impacts covered under par. 2 (a) of this policy, the borrower prepares a resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework (see Section VI) that includes measures to ensure that the displaced persons are: (a) informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement; Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 13 Tech,niplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineerinig Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H (b) consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; (c) provided prompt compensation at full replacement cost 12 for losses of assets 13 attributable directly to the project; (d) where relocation is necessary, provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; (e) where relocation is necessary, provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages and other factors is at least equivalent to the the old site; (f) after displacement, offered support (such as short-term jobs, subsistence support or salary maintenance) for a reasonable transition period, as appropriate; and (g) provided with development assistance in addition to compensation measures described in 5 (c), such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities. The objective of such assistance is to improve or at least to restore, in real terms, their livelihoods and standards of living, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 6. In projects involving restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas, the nature of restrictions, as well as the type of measures necessary to mitigate adverse impacts, is agreed with the displaced persons during project implementation. In such cases, the borrower prepares a process framework acceptable to the Bank, describing participatory processes by which: (a) specific components of the project will be prepared and implemented; (b) the criteria for eligibility of displaced persons will be determined;14 (c) measures to assist the displaced persons in their efforts to improve or restore, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels, their livelihoods while maintaining the sustainability of the park or protected area will be identified; and (d) potential conflicts will be resolved. The process' framework also includes a description of the arrangements for implementing and monitoring the process. 7. To achieve the objectives of this policy, particular attention is paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced: especially those below the poverty line, the elderly, women and children, indigenous groupsl5 and ethnic minorities. 8. The implementation of resettlement activities is linked to the implementation of the investment component of the project to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. For impacts covered in par. 2 (a) of this policy, these measures include provision of compensation, and other assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, taking of land and other assets does not take place until compensation is paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites and 'moving allowances are provided to the displaced persons. For impacts covered in para 2 (b) of this policy, the measures to assist the displaced persons are implemented in accordance with the action plan of the project (see Section VI, para 29). 9. Land-based resettlement options should be offered to displaced persons whose livelihoods are land based. These options may include resettlement on public land, or on private land acquired or purchased for resettlement. Whenever replacement land Annex 8 APPENDLX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 14 Techltiplaii Singicla-SIhelui Road: Detailed EngineerinigDesign FilialReport: Annex 8 - Appenidix H is offered, resettlers are provided with land for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages and other factors is equivalent to the old site. If land is not available, land is not the preferred option of displaced persons, or provision of land would adversely affect the sustainability of the park or protected area, non land- based options built around opportunities for employment or self-employment should be provided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. 10. Bank experience has shown that the payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where livelihoods are land based but the land taken for the project is a small fractionl6 of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable; where active markets for land, housing and labor exist, displaced persons use such markets, and there is sufficient supply of land and housing; or where livelihoods are not land based. Cash compensation levels should be sufficient to replace the lost land and other assets at full replacement cost in local markets. I1. For impacts covered under par. 2 (a) of this policy, the Bank also requires that: (a) Displaced persons and their communities, and any "host" communities receiving them, are provided timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing and monitoring resettlement. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are made available to these groups. (b) In new resettlement sites or host communities, infrastructure and public services are provided as necessary to improve, restore or maintain accessibility and levels of service for the displaced persons. Alternative or similar resources are provided to compensate for the loss of access to community resources (such as fishing areas, grazing areas, fuel or fodder). (c) Patterns of community organization appropriate to the new circumstances are based on choices made by the displaced persons. To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and any host communities are preserved and resettlers' preferences with respect to relocating in pre-existing communities and groups are honored. rV. Eligibility for Benefits (17) 12. Upon identification of resettlement in a project, the borrower carries out a census to identify the persons who will be affected by the project (see the Annex, par. 6.a). The borrower also develops a procedure, satisfactory to the Bank, for establishing the criteria by which displaced persons will be deemed eligible for compensation and other resettlement assistance. The procedure includes provisions for consultations with affected persons and communities, local authorities, and, as appropriate, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and it specifies grievance mechanisms. 13. Criteria for Eligibility. Displaced persons in the following two groups are entitled to compensation for loss of land or other assets taken for project purposes: (a) those who have forrmal legal rights to land or other assets (including customary and traditional rights recognized under the laws of the country); and (b) those who do not have formal legal rights to land or other assets at the time the census begins but have a claim to such legal rights, provided that such claims are recognized by the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan (see Annex, par. 7.e).18 The absence of legal title Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 15 Techniplan Siagicda-Slhelnti Road: Detailed Engineering Desigtn FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix H to land or other assets is not, in itself, a bar to compensation for lost assets or other resettlement assistance. Displaced persons in these two groups are also entitled to compensation for loss of other assets such as structures and crops, and to other resettlement assistance. 14. A third group of displaced persons-those who are occupying land in violation of the laws of the country and who do not fall within the category described in par. 13 above-is not entitled to compensation for loss of land under this policy. However, they are entitled to resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for land, as necessary, to achieve the objectives set out in this policy, if they occupy the project area prior to a cut-off date established by the BorTower and acceptable to the Bank.19 All such displaced persons are entitled to compensation for loss of assets other than land, in particular, structures and crops. Persons who encroach the area after the above "cut-off" date -are not entitled to compensation or other forms of assistance. V. Resettlement Planning,JImplementation and Monitoring 15. To achieve the objectives of this policy, different planning instruments are used, depending on the type of project: a) a resettlement plan or abbreviated resettlement plan is required for all operations which entail involuntary resettlement unless otherwise specified (see par. 23 and the Annex); b) a resettlement policy framework is required for projects with subprojects which cannot be identified prior to appraisal, unless otherwise specified (see paras. 24-28 and the Annex); c) a process framework is prepared for projects in parks and protected areas where measures to identify and engage affected groups is part of the project itself (see para 29). 16. The borrower is responsible for preparing, implementing and monitoring a resettlement plan, a resettlement policy framework or a process framework (the "resettlement instruments"), as appropriate, that conform to this policy. These instruments present a strategy for achieving the objectives of the policy and cover all aspects of the proposed resettlement. 17. Resettlement planning includes early screening, scoping of key issues, the choice of resettlement instrument and the information required to prepare the resettlement component or sub-component. The scope and level of detail of the resettlement instruments vary with the magnitude and complexity of resettlement. In preparing the resettlement component, the bolTower draws on appropriate social, technical, and legal expertise and on relevant community-based organizations and NGOs.20 The borrower informs potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design. 18. The costs of resettlement activities are included in the total costs of the project. The costs of resettlement, like the costs of other project activities, are treated as a charge against the economnic benefits of the project; and any net benefits to resettlers (as compared to the "without-project" circumstances) are added to the benefits Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 16 Techniplan Sinzgida-Slhelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Aninex 8 - Appendix H stream of the project. Resettlement or free-standing resettlement projects need not be economically viable on their own, but they should be cost-effective. 19. The borrower ensures that the resettlement instrument is fully consistent with the Project Implementation Plan. 20. As a condition of appraisal of investment projects, the borrower provides the Bank with a draft resettlement instrument which conforms to this policy, and makes it available at a place accessible to displaced persons and local NGOs, in a form and language that are understandable to themn. Once the Bank accepts this instrument as providing an adequate basis for project appraisal, the Bank makes it available to the public through its InfoShop. After the borrower approves and the Bank agrees to the final resettlement instrument, the Bank and the borrower disclose it again in the same manner. 21. Key elements of the resettlement instrument and the borrower's duties to carry it out and keep the Bank informed of implementation progress, are reflected in the legal agreements of the project. (21) 22. The borrower is responsible for monitoring and evaluating the activities set forth in the resettlement instruments. Before project completion, an assessment is made by the borrower, to determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been realized. This assessment is based on baseline conditions, resettlement objectives, and performance indicators described in the project documents. Follow up measures, if necessary, are discussed between the Bank and the borrower, and serve as the basis for continued Bank supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Bank. VI. Resettlement Instruments Resettlement Plan 23. A draft resettlement plan which conforms to this policy is a condition of appraisal (see Annex, Part I) for investment projects that are not sector investment loans, financial intermediary loans, or projects involving restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. However, where impacts on the entire displaced people are minor,22 an abbreviated resettlement plan may be agreed with the borrower (see Annex, Part II). All other provisions set forth in par. 20 above apply. Resettlement Policy Framework 24. For sector investment loans that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that the project implementing agency screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency with this OP. For these loans, the borrower submits, prior to appraisal, a resettlement policy framework that is consistent with this policy (see Annex, Part fIE).23 The framework also estimates, to the extent feasible, the total population to be displaced and the overall resettlement costs. Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 17 Techniplan Singida-Shelti Road: Detailed Engineering Designi Fintal Report: Annex 8 - Appenidix H 25. For financial intermediary loans, the Bank requires that the financial intermediary (FI) screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency with this OP. For these loans, the Bank requires that before appraisal the bolTower or the Fl submit to the Bank a resettlement policy framework consistent with this- policy (see Annex, Part III). In addition, the framework includes an assessment of the institutional capacity and procedures of each of the FIs that will be responsible for subproject financing. In cases where, in the assessment of the Bank, no resettlement is envisaged in the subprojects to be financed by the Fl, a resettlement policy framework is not required. Instead, the legal agreements would specify the obligation of the FIs to obtain from the potential sub-borrowers a resettlement plan consistent with this policy if a subproject gives uise to resettlement. The resettlement plan is provided to the Bank as' a condition of approval of the sub-loan. 26. For a Bank-assisted project with multiple subprojects24 that is not a sector investment or financial intermediary loan, the Bank requires that a draft resettlement plan conforming to this policy be submitted to the Bank before appraisal of the project unless, because of the nature and design of the project or of a specific subproject or subprojects, (a) the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be determined, or (b) the zone of impact is known but precise siting alignments cannot be determined. In such cases, the borrower submits a resettlement policy framework consistent with this policy prior to appraisal (see Annex, Part En). For other subprojects that do not fall within the above criteria, a resettlement plan is required prior to appraisal. 27. Under sector investment or financial intermediary loans, or projects with multiple subprojects that meet the criteria listed in par. 26, for each subproject that may involve resettlement, the Bank requires that a satisfactory resettlement plan or an abbreviated resettlement plan that is consistent with the provisions of the policy framework be submitted to the Bank for approval before the subproject is accepted for Bank financing. 28. For projects described in paras. 24-26- above, the Bank may agree, in writing, that sub-project resettlement plans can be approved by the project implementing agency or a responsible government agency or financial intermediary without prior Bank review, if that agency has demonstrated adequate institutional capacity to review resettlement plans and ensure their consistency with this policy. Any such delegation, and appropriate remedies for the entity's approval of resettlement plans found not to be in compliance with Bank policy, are-reflected in the project legal documents. In all such cases, implementation of the resettlement plans is subject to ex-post review by the Bank. Process Framework 29. For projects involving restriction of access in accordance with par. 2 (b) of this policy, the borrower provides the Bank with a draft process framework as a condition of appraisal. In addition, during project implementation and prior to enforcement of the restriction, the borTower prepares a plan of action, acceptable to the Bank, describing the specific measures to be undertaken to assist the displaced Aninex 8 APPENDIX H wb gLide-03 Appendix H - 18 Techlziplani Singidia-Slheltui Road: Detailed EngineeritngDesign Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H persons and arrangements for their implementation. The plan of action could take the form of a natural resources management plan prepared for the project. Vll. Assistance to the Borrower 30. To achieve these policy objectives, the Bank may support borrowers by providing: (a) assistance to assess and strengthen resettlement policies, strategies, legal frameworks, and specific plans at a country, regional, or sector level; (b) financing of technical assistance to strengthen the agencies responsible for resettlement; (c) financing of technical assistance for developing resettlement policies, strategies, and specific plans, and for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of resettlement activities; and (d) financing the investment costs of resettlement. 31. The Bank may finance either a component of the main investment project causing displacement and requiring resettlement, or a free-standing resettlement project with appropriate cross-conditionalities, processed and implemented in parallel with the investment project that causes the displacement. The Bank may finance resettlement even though it is not financing the main investment that makes resettlement necessary. 32. The Bank does not disburse against cash compensation and other resettlement assistance paid in cash, or against the cost of land (including compensation for land acquisition). However, it may finance the cost of land improvement associated with resettlement activities. The Bank does not prepare or implement country or project specific resettlement policies, resettlement plans, or resettlement policy frameworks, nor does it retain consultants for such purposes. Draft OP 4.12 Notes I Bank experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people are impoverished when productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority and the potential for mutual help are diminished. 2 In devising approaches to resettlement in Bank-assisted projects, other Bank policies should be taken into account, as relevant. These policies include Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Safeguarding Cultural Property in Bank-Assisted Projects (OP 4.11), and Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). 3 In financing projects, the Bank satisfies itself that the borrower has explored all viable alternative project designs to avoid involuntary resettlement and, when it cannot be avoided, to minimize the scale and impacts of resettlement (for example, Annex 8 APPENDLX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 19 Techntiplaii Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix H realignment of roads or reduction in dam height may reduce resettlement needs). Such designs should also be consistent with other Bank policies. 4 The term "displaced persons" refers to persons who are affected in any of the ways described in para 2 of this OP. 5 Displaced persons under para 2 (b) should be assisted in their efforts to improve or restore their livelihoods in a manner that maintains the sustainability of the respective parks and protected areas. 6 Where there are adverse indirect social or economic impacts, it is good practice for the borrower to undertake a social assessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse social impacts, particularly upon poor and vulnerable groups. 7 "Bank" includes IDA, "loans" includes credits, guarantees. and grants, and "projects" includes projects under adaptable program lending; learning and innovation loans; PPFs and IDFs, if they include investment activities; projects and components funded under the Global Environment Facility; and projects under grants or loans provided by other donors but managed by the Bank. 8 This policy does not apply to restrictions of access to natural resources tinder community-based projects provided that an assessment satisfactory to the Bank establishes that the community decision making process is adequate, and includes measures to mitigate adverse impacts on the vulnerable members of the community. This policy also does not cover refugees from natural disasters, war or civil strife (see OP/BP 8.50, Emergency Recovery Assistance). 9 For purposes of this policy "involuntary" means without the displaced person's informed consent or power of choice, or where that consent or choice is being exercised in the absence of reasonable alternative options. 10 This policy does not apply to restrictions of access to natural resources regulated on a national or regional level to promote their sustainability. 11 Persons physically relocated out of parks and protected areas are covered under para 2 (a). Restriction of access covers restrictions on the use of resources imposed on people living outside the park, or on those who continue living inside the park during and after project implementation. 12 "Replacement cost" is the method of valuation of assets which helps determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account (for a detailed definition of replacement cost, see the Annex, Footnote 1). For losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated in monetary terms (e.g. access to public services, customers and suppliers; or to fishing, grazing or forest areas), attempts are made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. Where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost Annex 5 Al'PENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 20 Techntiplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Antnex 8 - Appendix H standard. Such additional assistance is distinct from resettlement assistance to be provided under other clauses of para 5. 13 If the residual of the asset being taken is not economically viable, compensation and other resettlement assistance are provided as if the entire asset had been taken. 14 The participatory process may result in excluding from assistance persons engaged in illegal use of natural resources. Legality alone, however, is not a sufficient criterion for excluding persons from assistance under the policy. For example, there may be cases where illegal use of natural resources, based upon traditional practices, could serve as the basis for providing assistance. 15 See OD 4.20, Indigenous Peoples. 16 As a general principle, this applies if the land taken constitutes less than 20% of the total productive area. 17 Par.. 12-14 do not apply to impacts covered under par. 2 (b) of this policy. The eligibility criteria for displaced persons under 2 (b) are covered under the process framework (see par.. 6 and 29). 18 Such rights could be derived from adverse possession, from continued possession of public lands without government action for eviction (that is, with the implicit leave of the government), or from customary and traditional law and usage, etc. 19 Normally, this cut-off date is the date the census begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further population influx. 20 For projects that are highly risky or contentious, or that involve significant and complex resettlement activities, the borrower should normally engage an advisory panel of independent, internationally recognized resettlement specialists to advise on all aspects of the project relevant to the resettlement activities. The size, role, and frequency of meeting depend on the complexity of the resettlement. If independent technical advisory panels are established under OP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, the resettlement panel may form part of the environmental panel of experts. 21 Key elements include the following, as necessary: (a) a definition of displaced persons; (b) objectives of the resettlement instrument; (c) linkage with the implementation schedule of the investment component of the project; (d) monitoring arrangements. 22 Impacts are considered "minor" if the affected people are not physically displaced and less than 10% of their productive assets are lost. 23 An exception to this requirement may be made in highly unusual circumstances (such as emergency recovery operations) with the approval of Bank Management Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 21 Techniplan Sin gida-Shelti Road: Detailed Engineering Design Fi,ialReport: Annex 8 - Appendix H (see BP 4.12, par. 8). In such cases, the Management's approval stipulates a timetable and budget for developing the resettlement plan. 24 For purpose of this paragraph the term "subprojects" includes components and sub-components. Document 3. Definitions- 1. "Bank" includes IDA, and "loans" includes credits. 2. See also Involuntary Resettlement in Development Projects, World Bank Technical Paper No. 80 (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1988). 3. OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment, para. 18. 4. Such projects may include construction or establishment of (a) dams, (b) new towns or ports, (c) housing and urban infrastructure, (d) mines, (e) large industrial plants, (f) railways or highways, (g) irrigation canals, and (h) national parks or protected areas. Refugees from natural disasters, war, or civil strife are also involuntary resettlers, but they are not discussed in this directive (see OP/BP/GP 8.50, Emergency Recovery Assistance). 5. OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment, para. 2, and Annex A3. 6. Host communities are those receiving resettlers. 7. See OD 4.20, Indigenous Peoples. 8. Where only a few people (e.g., less than 100-200 individuals) are to be relocated, appropriate compensation for assets, logistical support for moving, and a relocation grant may be the only requirements. However, the principles on which compensation is to be based are the same as for larger groups. 9. See GP 14.70, Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities. 10. See OPN 11.03, Management of Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Projects, to be reissued as OP/BP 4. 11, Cultural Property. 11. Disputes of varying kinds may arise in the process of implementation of the agreed resettlement plan. These conflicts could take the form of appeals related to the compensation payable to affected persons, conflicts between the displaced persons and the host population, appeals to the agency charged with the implementation of the resettlement with regard to services promised, etc. It is therefore important to devise schemes for conflict resolution for all resettlement plans. Such schemes should, as far as possible, take into account existing procedures for settling disputes in the country or area concerned. 12. Health care services, particularly for pregnant women, infants, and the elderly, may be important during and after relocation to prevent increases in morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition, the stress of being uprooted, and the usually increased risk of water-borne diseases. 13. See OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment, and Annex B, Environmental Policy for Dam and Reservoir Projects. The environmental implications of involuntary resettlement will be further discussed under para 6.0, "Special Issues in Environmental Assessment," in Environmental Assessment Sourcebook,.(Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, to be issued). 14. See Annex Al, para. 2, in OD 4.00, Annex A, Environmental Assessment. 15. See OD 10.70, Project Monitoring and Evaluation. 16. See OD 4.00, Annex B, Environmental Policy for Dam and Reservoir Projects. Annex 8 API'ENDIX 1-1wb guide-03 Appendix H - 22 Tech ziplain Sinigida-Shieliti Road: Detailed Engineet-ring Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix H 17. See OP/BP 10.00, Investment Lending: Identification to Board Presentation. 18. See OP/BP 8.10, Project Preparation Facility. 19. Detailed guidelines for preparing and appraising resettlement plans are provided in Involuntary Resettlement in Development Projects, World Bank Technical Paper No. 80, Annex 1 (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1988). Pro forma cost tables and guidelines for economic and financial analysis are provided in Annex 2. 20. See OD 13.05, Project Supervision, particularly paras. 44-47. 21. See OP/BP/ 13.55, Implementation Completion Reporting. Annex 8 APPENDIX H wb guide-03 Appendix H - 23 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineerinig Design Final Report: Annlex 8 - Appendix I Annex 8: EIA,-SIA & RIA APPENDIX I TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA AND RIA Anniex 8 APPENDIX I tor-nmay 03 Appendix I - 1 Tech22iplan Singida-Shzelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design_ FinalReport: Annex 8 -Appendix I Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX I TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ERA AND RIA For an easier understanding of the tasks required by the ToR for the study of the Environment Impact Assessment (ETA) and Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA), we have highlighted the points of the general Terms of Reference (see Annex 1) which are relevant to this Study. Page 2: I11 Scope of Consulting Services: Point 7. The consultants shall review all the documentation prepared by RITES/M-KONSULT JV in 1996 and perforin all engineering work, economic studies, field investigations and related work, cleemed to be required to attain the objectives in Section 1] hereof An Environmental.Impact Assessment (EIA) and Resettlement Impact Assessment (RIA) shall also be carriedout in accordance with requiirements of the FinancingAgency as partfor the feasibility study. Page 3: Economic Analysis: Points d) and e), page 4. d) environmental costs and benefits of the proposed improvements, including but not limited to surface and groun7d water drainage, soil erosion, air pollution and possible also be considered; e) the resettlement costs and benefits of the proposed improvements; Page 5: Detailed Engineering: Point 14, a). a) detailed engineering design, preparation of estimate of quantities, plans, dcrawings and bidding documnents for the project suitable for international competitive bidding, soils and materials report; environmental and resettlement impact studly and clesigns for mitigative measures. Annex 8 APPENDIX I tor-may 03 Appendix I - 3 Techniplant Singida-Shelui Road DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Anintex 8 - Appendir J Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX J:- INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION Annex 8 APPENDIX E water-may 03 Appendix J - 1 Techniplant APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION S/N OWNER NAME Description of Building/Farm Use J TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) i Issa Shabani Senge - Tembe flat roof, mud bricks Business 566,750.00 Mangwanjuki, Box 236 Singida Urban IHamisi Ramadhani Lissu - IMud bricks roofed with corrugated iron Business 381,750.0~ Mangwanjuki -Singida Urban Isheet (C. 1.S)) I 3Seleman Mrisho Hamisi, Mudbricks roofed with C.t. S Business 381,750.0 Mangwanjuki, Box 236 Singida u Urbani |Mangwanjuki, Box 236 Singida| iSingida Rural District-- SjSalum Kintiku Kifura (Manga Mud bricks with Tembe flat roof Buies581,438.0C Ivillage) T.U 6|Mohamed Nkungu Ngaida Mud bricks with C.I.S Business , 1,065,000.01 l(Manga) -r Ss 1,6,00 - 711brahim Hamisi Simba(Manga) JMud Bricks with C. I. S Business J 1,062.150.0C 8 Mohamed Bakari Lissu- Mud bricks with grass thatched jBusiness 128,650.0 |Mnung'unatMsisi -Singida Rural 9 Hemed Salehe Khaltan- Main Building -Mud bncks with C. I. S Residential 1,423,700.06 Mnung'una/Msisi P. 0. Box Singida Rural Out building -Mud brick with tembe flat Residential ______roof 10[Hamisi Ramadhani Isango Mbiaji Mud bricks with C.l.S 1Business |Msisi -Singida Rural- 11 Idd Athuman Limu- P. 0. Box Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential and business j 3,736,100.00 . 537 Singida Rural 12 Rashid Shabani Dude Mud bricks with C. i. S Residential 465,350.00 (Mnung'una), P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural 13 Mohamed Haji Ndegu -Msisi Main building -Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 595,000.00 Singida Rural ; Outbuilding -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential j | 14jHemed Salehe Khalfani -Msisi Mud bricks with tembe flat roof [Business 793,700.00 |___|A, Singida Rural . I 15 Fatuma Abdi Ismail, Msisi, P. O. Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential and Business 2,883,110.00 Box 13 Singida Rural |Trees 16 Joseph Lingula Sima, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S |Residential 956,200.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural 17|Sima Mpura Yohana, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 934,000.00 0. Box973 Singida Rural 1 Clement Mpura Sima, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential and business 1,628,800.00] l. Box 537 Singida Rural IeI 19 Ramadhani Mkuki Kibuley, Msisi, Mud bricks with tembe flat roof |Residential 412,650.00 P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural | 20jSima Lengula Joseph, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S jResidential 1,484,000.00] 0. Box 537 Singida Rural I_ j _ _ _ 21jMariamlbomaMakiya,Msisi,P. MudbrickswithC.I.S 1j045s000001 j.Box 537 Singida Rural jjjj APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION StN OWNER NAME Descriptlon of Building/Farm Use TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 22 Sungita Swalehe Patiu, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential and business (shop) 1,646,850.00 [0. Box 537 Singida Rural 23 Muna ikhala Swalehe, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. 1.S Residential 789,000.00 O. Box 537 Singida Rural [ . 24 Idd Athuman Limu, Msisi, P. 0. Main bilding- Mud bricks with C. i. S Residential, Business (Shop and Village 4,406,300.00 Box 537 Singida Rural Executive Officer's Office)) Outbuilding-Mud bricks with Tembe flat |Residential I ______roof It_ __I 25[Kindwa Shabani Abdailah, Msisi, Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 869,400.00 P0. Box 537 Singida Rural . . 26[CCM OIl Ice, Msisi, Singida Rural Mud bricks with C. I. S OHice { 863,50000 27 Gwandi Abeid Ismail, Msisi, P. Main bilding-Mud bricks with C. 1. S Residential and business 1,401,800.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural .Out buildinq -Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 28|Gwandi Ismail Abeid, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 648,850.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural 29 Abrahaman Seleman Nsuza Mud bricks with C. 1.S Residential 903,320.00 Kinota, Msisi, P. 0. Box 537 [Singida Rural 30 Joseph Mdaa Senge, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S esidential 851,000.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural Trees I_ 31 Yusufu Musa Hussein, Msisi, P. Mud bricks with C. I. S |Residential and Business 2,854,400.00 0. Box 13 Singida Rural T reesI ______3 Makala Mikael Ukende, Msisi, P. _ _ _ _ _ Mud bricks with Tembe flat roof IResidential 721,200.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural | 33 Feruzi Athuman Kitongo, Msisi, Main building -Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 738,000.00 |P.0. Box 13 Singida Rural l1 P. 0. Box 13 Singida Rural Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat IResidential ______lroo f I _ _ 34 Omary Ally Mahumbi, Msisi, P. Main building -Mud bricks with Tembe Residential 554,750.00 0. Box 537 Singida Rural flat roof Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential Trees 35[Mwanahamisi Salum Juma jMud bricks with tembe flat roof jResidential j 409,020.00 Msisi, P. 0. Box 537 Singida | | I [R ural ______j ______APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION S/N OWNER NAME Description of Building/Farm Use TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 36 Msandai Shabani Rajabu Mud bricks with C. I. S Business 655,770.00 Hidaya, Msisi, P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural 37 Fatuma Shabani Kanka, Msisi Mud bricks with C. i. S Residential 911,520.00 P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural M 38 Jumanne Ibrahimu Nguruko, j ud bricks with C. I. S Busines 2,5 5.000.00 Msisi P. 0. Box 537 Singida i Rurali L IHamisi Rashid Susika, Msisi Mud bricks with C. S Residential 584,000.00]5. P. O. Box 537 Singida Rural |Trees .II 40 Tatu Mohamed Yusufu, Msisi Mud bricks with Tembe flat roof Residential 574,800.00 i P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural Iramba District i 41 Mariam Issa Muhitwa, Iguguno, Main building -Mud bricks with Tembe Residential 939,400.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi |Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat |Residential 42 Athuman Amasi Abrahaman, |Main Building -Mud bricks with tembe Residential 1 1,072,600.00 fguguno, Box 138 Kiomboi Out buildings -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential Kiomboi Farm 43 Ayoub Rashid Mbinde, Iguguno, Mud briks with tembe flat roof Residential 537,750.001 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi I 44 Ramadhani Juma Kitinku, Mud bricks with tembe flat roof Residential 614,700.00 _ _ __ Box Kiomboi _Iguguno, 4 Rashid Ally Kingu- iguguno, Main building -Mud bricks with C. I, S Residential 1,036,000.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi Out Building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential Farm 46 Haji Irunda Liguda -Iguguno, Farm 130,000.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi - 47 Daniel Amos Majii - Iguguno, Farm 125,000.0 _ Iguguno,Box Kiomboi 48 Hamisi Juma Maguli- Iguguno, Main building -Mud bicks with tembe flat Residential 798,160.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential Farm Tree 49 Ramadhani Juma Maguli - Main Building -Mud bricks with tembe Residential 1,155,740.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential | |~~~~~Farm Trees 50IGyumi Iddi Msukuma -Iguguno, Main building-Mud bricks with C.l.S Residential 605,000.00 Ilguguno, Box Kiomboi 'Out building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential I I~~~ ~~~Farm 51{Jumanne Kiswetya Gyumy- |Fam T 415,000.00 |Iguguno, Box Kiomboi _ j [ - . 52jRamadhani Tinda Kimera Main building-Mud bricks with C. I. S TResidential 900,980.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi jOut building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential I ____ I ______IT rees i i I 53|Miraji Abdallah Mwanga - Farm r 1,072,500.00 |Iguguno, Box Kiomboi |Trees 54Daudi Yohana Majuh -Ntondo Main building-Mud bncks with tembe flat Residential . 729,600_00 | j Iguguno, Box Kiomboi jOut building -Mud bricks with tembe flat Residential i i~~~ ~~~Farm 55|Mimbi Ramadhani - Farm 210,000.00 6guguno, Box Kiomboi i _ I 56fHamisi Hasani Mzirombo - Farm j T 52,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi l _ I_ Mkuki Athumani Nyuha - Farm 1 105,000.00 i____ lIguguno, Box Kiomboi i_ i i____ _ I 58 Mwangu Hassani Iguguno Farm j 105,000.00 | |Iguguno, Box Kiomboi . I APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION S/N OWNER NAME Description of Building/Farm Use TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 59 Hosein Mwangu -Iguguno Farm | 105,000.00 i Iguguno, Box Kiomboi . 1_ I 60 Majengo Jumanne Abrrahaman- Farm 105,000.00 i Iguguno, Box Kiomboi J I__ 61 Mkoma Nzugu Magunduka- |Farm 1,137,000.00j Iguguno, Box Kiomboi _ . 62jMwile Mkilili Kimela - Iguguno Farm 105 000.00 lIguguno, Box Kiomboi I I 63 Mpuni Maria Makala -Iguguno Farm 105,000.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi 5 64 Evarin Mkoma Matiti- Mwandu- Farm 105,000.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi 65 Jotrey Japhet Muswaga - F j j 52,500.00 Igugurno, Box Kiomboi 66 John Benjamini Kenyatta - Farm I 52,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi 67 Yusufu Salumu Ngui- Iguguno, Farm j 52,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi I j J_ 68 Ibrahim Abdallah Nangu - Farm 52,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi 1 69 Mwasiti Lisuu Senge -Mwandu- Farm 157,500.00 i |guguno, Box Kiomboi I 70rShabani Mwanga Miraji - Farm 52,500.00j Iguguno, Box Kiomboi I _ . 771IYusuphu Mrisho Shabani - |Farm 52,500.00] jL | Iguguno, Box Kiomboi j | _ . 72|Mrisho Chitete Jumanne - [Farm j 52,500.001 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi J_ I _ [ 73|0mari Mkoko Shabani -Iguguno Farm 1 j 131,250.001 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi _ I _ _ . 74 Ibrahim Ramadhani Mtinda - Farm T F 52,500.001 _Iguguno, Box Kiomboi 75 Saliboko Mkumbo Mgiga - Farm | 52,500.001 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi . 1i i5 I 76|Mohamed Mwanga Majengo - |Farm |157,500.00 |Iguguno, Box Kiomboi I 77jJacobo Benjamini Ambarangu - jFarm j 552,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi . j I i I 780Hongoa Ramadhani Mohamed - Farm 52,500.00 Iguguno, Box Kiomboi [ . - 791Philipo Makala Kiligo, Kitusha Main building -Mud bricks with tembe flat| Residential i 1,073,900.00 P. 0. Box Kinampanda - Iramba roof Out building- Mud brcks with tembe llat Residential rootf Trees I Farm 80|Makala Numba, Kitusha P. 0. Mud bricks with Tembe flat roof jResidential 455,000.00 Box Kinampanda- Iramba j _Farm 81 Agnes Gabriel Nzuzu, Kyengege Mud bricks with C. I. S jBusiness (Sho and canteen) j 1,653,450.00 P. O. Box 520 Kinampanda, b . (Shop Iramba ] Jj i 82 Dena Ayoub Mduawu, Mud bricks with C. . S jResidential 1,316,900.00 Kyengege, P. 0.Box 520 Kinampanda-Iramba j 83jCharles Samson Msembe, jMud bricks with C. I. S jBusiness (Shop) j881,850.00j Kyengege P. O. Box 520 ||.j |Kinampanda, Iramba|. 84jMtali Jumanne Hamisi, Ulemo Burnt bricks wit C. T.Residential and business(shop) 3,742,575.00 P. 0. Box 537 95, Kiomboi- lramba APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION S/N OWNER NAME J Description of Building/Farm | Use TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 85 Mtali Jumanne Hamisi, Ulemo, Burnt bricks with C. I. S ]Business (Bar and Guest house) 4,408,724.00 P. 0. Box 95 Kiomboi-Iramba Tre ______~~~ITrees j ______868Nicodemus Noel Nkungutu, Farm [86,250.00 Ulemo, P. 0. Box 95 Kiomboi- lrambal 87Mashaka Lyanga Kalembo, Mud bricks with C. 1.S Business (shop) 1,436,800.00 Ulemo P. O. Box 171 Kiomboi9 _ _Iramba Trees 88[Gideoni Lyanga Shila, Ulemo Mud bricks with C. 1.S Business (shop& Canteen)) 1,134,560.00 P. 0. Box 152 Kiomboi-lramba | 5 |Trees '__ 89 Samuel Cheyo, Ulemo P. 0. [Burnt bricks with C. 1.S Business (kiosk) ]- 1,188,750.00 iBox 95 Kiomboi-lramba 90 Medson Jackson Jeremia Mud bricks with C. I. S Residential 1,308,780.00 Kitundu, Misigiri P. 0. Box 126 Kiomboi-lramba Khalfani Petro Kilimba, Misigiri iMud bricks with tembe flat root Residential 1 5,560.00 0P.. Box 126 Kiomboi-Iramba 0 ITrees 92 iSawasawa Mosque -Shelui - Mud bricks with C. 1.S Mosque 1,756,700.00 Kiornboi 17 9 Shabani Juma Kuluvi, Mud brcks with C. 1.S Business (Kiosk) 1,185,375.00 |Nselembwe- Shelui u CI 947Rithion Juma Msangi(Major) Box Cement blocks with C.I. S (Business 1,597,935.00 10 Shelui -Kiomboi I 9 Lawrencet Robert Makigi Cement blocks with C.I. S 1Business (Guest House &shop) 3,031,695.00 (London Guest House) Shelui -| Kiomboi 9 Kisena Kaii Nungula, Shelui - Cement blocks with C. 1.S jResidential( 1,141,950.00 |Kiomboi I 971Rihion JumaB Msangi(Major)1 h j t block with C.I. S Business (Shop &Canteen)) 3,414,495.00 f 1i0Shelui -Kiomboi ______ 90 Sultan Mohamed Seleman, Box Cement block with C. 1.S Business (shop) 1 1,305,705.001 154 Shelui -Kiomboi 99Khalfani Ahmed Shamisi,Box tCemenblock with C. I. S jBusiness (shop) 10,80000 1154 Shelui -Kiomboij; 1020BoAshaAubni, Box 154 Shelui - Mud bricks with C. I. S (Business (Canteen) 1,680,255.00 | 01|Khaltani Ahmed Shamisi, Box jCement blocks with C. I. S Business (Shop) | 1,345,755.00 154 Shelui -Kiomboi ( [ 2 3 5 | 102 Athuman Abdulrahaman Msangi, Cement block with C.1. S |Business (Canteen) | 1,205,535.GO| | BOX 26 Shelui -Kiomboi j 103 Jumanne Juma Msangi, Box 10 [Burnt bricks withC I.S [Business (Canteen) 2,541,375.00 | Shelui -Kiomboi Ii j 104jKhalfan Ahmed Shamisi Box 154jCement blocks with C.I. S jBusiness (shop) j 2,693,575.00 | Shelui -Kiomboi 10 5 Abdu Jumanne Nkupa, Box 340 Mud bricks with C. 1.S Business (Shop) 2,575,775.GO - Shelui -Kiomboi jj 106jKhalfani Ahmed Shamisi, Box jCement blocks wioth C.I. S Business (Grocery) 1,265,375.00 *______1154 Shelui -Kiomboi APPENDIX J: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION S/N OWNER NAME Description of Building/Farm Use ITOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 107 Hamisi Juma Nduja, Box 11 Cement block with C. I. S Business (shop) 2,573,375.00 Shelui -Kiomboi [ | Anna Edward Senkene, Box 45 Cement blocks with C. I. S Business (Grocery) 1,368,975.00 ______(Shelui -Kiomboi [_ . I i n109Andrew Mzee Sianga, Box 82 Cement blocks with C. I. S Business (Shop) 2,511,775.00 ______1Shelui -Kiomboi . 110 Hassan Hamisi Kiyungi, Box 340 Cement blocks (constructionis is on the 128,385.00 | Shelui -Kiomboi rentre stage) I | KassimYusuph Iddi, Box 11 Cement blocks (Construction is on 1 66,735.00 j_____ [Shelui -Kiomboi [foundation stage) 112[Athuman tddi Mwiru, Box 340 [Cement blocks(construction is on 66,735.00 ______[Shelui -Kiomboi |foundation stage) 13[Athuman Abdutrahaman Msangi, cement blocks (Construction is on Box 26 Shelui -Kiomboi foundation stage) | 201,483.00 114 Asha Ajubi Salum, Box 45 Shelui Cement blocks with C. I. S Business Grocery 1 1,304,715.00 j-Kiomboi .. | 115 Hellena John Minia, Box 45 Cement block with C. I. S Business (Shop) 1,305,375.00 Shetui -Kiomboi . . . _ J 11 6 Hamisi Juma Nduja, Box 11 Cement blocks with C. t. S Business (Shop) 1,196,310.00 [ Shelui -Kiomboi I 117 Mwizarubi, Box Shelui -Kiomboi Cement blocks with C. t. S Unoccupied 1,15 3 ,8 7 5.00i 11 gai Jared Kiula, Box 45 Shelui Cement blocks(constructionis is on the109,0.00 -Kiomboi rentre stage) 1 Mariam Awadh Mohamed, Box Cement blocks (Construction is on 105,795.00 j340 Shelui -Kiomboi foundation stage) | , . _ Jl Mariam Awadh Mohamed, Box Cement blocks with C. I. S Residential and Business (Kiosk) 1,014,150.00 - 45 Shelui -Kiomboi|. | . 121 IHawa Ramadhani Mchungu, Box Cement blocks with C. I. S [Business 1,082,730.00 138 Shelui -Kiomboi . [. _ I 122IChiku Mohamed Masanja, Box Cement blocks with C. I. S jBusiness (Grocery) 1 2,500,095.001 31 Shelui -Kiomboi l [ . . 123 Lulua Ally Majid, Box 10 Shelui- Cement blocks with C. t. S (Business , j 1,858,080.00 Kiomboi I ._._ __I i * 124 Fatuma Juma Hassani Matoto, Cement blocks with C. I. S . [Residential 1 1,012,715.00 [ |Box 10 Shelui -Kiomboi | . [ i 125jJumanne Hamisi MtaIli, Box 10 Cement blocks (Construction is on 869,271.00 Shelui -Kiomboi foundation stage) . [ li 1l26jSaid Yahya Matoto, Box 10 ]Cement blocks with C. I. S |Business | 1,005,375.00| i____ j|Shelui -Kiomboi J . . I 1 27 jAbdalla Ally Makusudi, Box 10 Cement blocks (construction is on 67,995.00 .Shelui -Kiomboi foundation stage) 128] Doto Shauri Kinyara, Malendi, P. jMud bricks with tembe flat roof Residential 452,250.00' °. Box 40 Shelui Kiomboi r . | _ _ _ j_____ j______jTotal | 128,250,000.00 Sinigida-Slzelui Road Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix K Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX K PROPERTIES VALUATION ANALYSES Annex 8 APPENDIX E water-may 03 Appendix K - 1 Techniplan APPENDIX K - PROPERITIES VALUATION ANALYSIS S/N OWNER NAME SKETCH PLAN VALUATION ANALYSIS TOTAL VALUE (Tsh) 1 Issa Shabani Senge - Mangwanjuki, Box 236 Singida Urban (i) Buildings Area: 7m X 3 m =21m 2 3.Om 2 Multiply by rate per m 15,000.00 Current replacement cost 315,000.00 7.Om Less depreciation 75% 236,250.00 Current market value 38,750.00 Sub total buildings . . 38,750.00 (ii) Crops/Trees _ Type No of crops Rate (Shs % age growth Total Jacaranda 3 5,000.00 25% 3,750.00 Sub total crops Tshs . 3,750.00 'ili) Land value Area (Acre) Rate(Tsh/acre) Total Area multiply by Rate 0.25 100,000.00 25,000.00 Sub total 25,000.00 'iv) Allowances Amount % Months Total _ (a) Disturbance allowance 25,000.00 5% - 1,250.00 (b) Accomodating allowances 3,000.00 - 36 108,000.00oo (c) Loss of profit allowance 10,000.00C- 36 360,000.00 (d) Transportation allowance 30,000.00C- 30,000.00 Sub total 499,250.00 GRAND TOTAL 566,750.00 2 Hamisi Ramadhani Lissu - Mangwanjuki - Singida Urban (i) Buildings Area: 2.9m X 3m = 7.5Cm 2 2 3.Om Multiply by rate per m 20,000.00 Current replacement cost 150,000.00 2.5m Less depreciation 75% 112,500.00 _ . Current market value 37,500.00 _ Sub total buildings 37,500.00 (ii) Crops/Trees . . Type No of crops Rate (Shs %age growth Total Sub total crops Tshs . (ii) Land value Area (acre) Rate(Tsh/acre) Total Area multiply by Rate 0.25 100,000.00 25,000.00 Multiply by rate/acre 100,000.00 . . .. __ Sub total . . 25,000.00 (iv) Allowances Amount % Months Total I (a) Disturbance allowance 25,000.00 5% . 1,250.00 .. (b) Accomodating allowances 3,000.00 - 36 100,000.00 (c) Loss o1 profit allowance 5,000.00 - 36 180,000.00 (d) Transportation allowance 30,000.00 -_30,000.00 Sub total . . 319,250.00 = _GRANDTOTAL 381,750.00 3 Idd Athuman Limu- P. 0. Box 537 Singida 1 Rural (i) Buildings M/bIdg = 11.5m X4.8m = 55.20m2 @100% =55.20m2 O/bidg = 3.6mX 3 m =10.8rn2 @ 50%=5.4m2 total area: 60.60m2 2 4.80M Multiply by rate per m 35,000.00 Current replacement cost 2,121,000.00 11 .5M Less depreciation 40% 848,400.00 Current market value 1,272,600.00 Sub total buildings , 1,272,600.00 (ii) Crops/Trees . Type No of crops Rate (Shs %age growth Total Mango trees 4 16,000.00 100% 64,000.00 3M Mango Trees 4 16,000.00 50% 32,000.00 Gravilea 1 5,000.00 100% 5,000.00 Gravilea 4 5,000.00 50% 10,000.00 3.6M Shade trees 1 5,000.00 100% 5,000.00 Sub total crops Tshs . 116,000.00 (iii) Land value Area(Acre) Rate(Tsh/acre) Total Area multiply by Rate 1.50 100,000.00 150,000.00 Multiply byrate/acre 100,000.00 _ , .______Sub total 150,000.00 (iv) Allowances Amount % Months Total (a) Disturbance allowance 150,000.00 5% - 7,500.00 0 ~~~~~~~~~(b)Accomodating allowances 30,000.00 - 36 1,080,000.00 ______(c) Loss o1 profit allowance 30,000.00 -. 36 1,080,000.00 (d) Transportation allowance 30,000.00 - . 30,000.00 .Sub total . . 2,197,500.00 .[GRAND TOTAL . 3,736,100.00 4 Rashid Shabani Dude (Mnung'una), P. 0. Box 537 Singida Rural (i) Buildings 2 Area: 5.9m x 3.0m = 17.70m . 2 3.0 M Multiply by rate per m 20,000.00 Current replacement cost 354,000.00 _ 15.90M Less depreciation 60% 212,400.00 I Current market value 141,600.00 Sub total buildings 141.600.00 (li) CropslTrees _ _ _ T e No of crops Rate (Shs %age growth Total atnhoroo tree 1 5,000.00 50% 2,500.00 Christmas Tree 1 5,000.00 25% 1,250.00 Gravilea 1 5,000.00 100% 5,000.00 Sub total crops Tshs _ . ._.___8,750.00 (i) Land value Area(Acre) Rate(Tshvacre) _ _ Total Area multiply by Rate 1.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 Multiply by rate/acre 100,000.00 Sub total .____._100,000.00 (iv) Allowances Amount % Months Total (a) Disturbance allowance 100,000.00 5% - 5,000.00 (b) Accomodating allowances 5,000.00 - 36 180,000.00 (c) Loss ot profit allowance (d) Transportation allowance 30,000.00 - 30,000.00 Sub total . 215,000.00 GRAND TOTAL 465,350.00 5 Daniel Amos Majii - Iguguno, Iramba (i) Buildings Area: Multiply by rate per M2 Current replacement cost Less depreciation Current market value Sub total buildings (ii) Crops/Trees Type Gravilea trees No of crops Rate (Shs % age growth Total _ _ -_ _ __4 O5,000.00 100% 20,000.00 Sub total crops Tshs _ 20,000.00 (iii) Land value Area multiply by Rate Area(Acre) Rate(Tshtacre) Total Multiply by rate/acre 100,000.00 1.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 Sub total 100,000.00 (iv) Allowances Amount Months Total (a) Disturbance allowance 100,000.00 5% - 5,000.00 (b) Accomodating allowances (c) Loss of profit allowance (d) Transportation allowance Sub total . _ 5,000.00 IGRAND TOTAL 125,000.00 Singida-SIhelui Road DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix L Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX L CONFIRMATION OF PLOT ALLOCATION Annex 8 APPENDIX E water-may 03 Appendix L - 1 Techniplan PRESIDENT'S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SINGIDA REGION: IRAMBA DISTRICT COUNCIL, P.O. BOX 155, KIOMBOI. Ref. No.DED/IRA/C.40/1.VOLII/16 .07 MAY, 2003 CHEF EXECUTIVE TANROADS, P.O. BOX 11364, DAR ES SALAAM. Sir, RE: RE SETTLEMENT OF PEOPLE WHO WILL BE AFFECTED - SINGIDA SHELUI ROAD CONSTRUCTIR The above heading refer. The Iramba District council is willing to allocate plots / farms for those people who will be displaced by road construction along the following villages, Igugugno, Tumuli, Kitusha, Kyengege, Ulemo, Misigiri, Nselembwe (Shelui) and Malendi. The District council understand the importance of this road to the District and the Nation as aewhble. We are ready to effect the re location of the people once TANROAD informs the Council prior to the road construction. \ 'Regards, For DISTRICT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR cc. Regional Administrative Secretary,. P.O. BOX 5, SINGIDA. - Att. Regional Land Officer. Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix AM Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX M NEMC REPORTING GUFDELFNES Aninex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 1 Techniplan Singida-Sheliui Road: Detailed En,gineering Design Fiinal Report: Antex 8 - Appendix M Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA . . APPENDIX M REPORT WRITING GUIDELINES AND. REQUIREMENTS The present Appendix presents the reporting guidelines prescribed by the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) for the environmental impact assessment studies. 1. Introduction These guidelines provide a report format and indicate the aspects to be covered in the preliminary and full or comprehensive impact assessment reports prepared by.developers or proponents. The aim of this report format can be summarized as to: - Produce easily administered reports. - Create a uniform, flexible set of requirements for Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). - Accommodate the variability of proposals and creativity of consultants. 1.2 Report requirements for preliminary assessment The objective of preliminary assessment is to show whether the development will have significant impact. The report must show whether it is necessary to conduct a full impact assessment or if the identified impacts can be mitigated to the extent that they are reduced to insignificant levels. The preliminary assessment report must provide summary statements of ,no impact' based on the identified environmental characteristics'. Where the preliminary assessment indicates that the development will have no impacts on the environment, it is essential for the consultant and the proponent to indicate their own commitment to such statements, in such a way they take responsibility for the finding of no significant impacts. If the preliminary assessment reveals obvious impacts, these may be presented in a table to assist reviewers and decision-makers. Where it is found necessary to provide additional (specialist) information to justify the presence or absence of impacts, this can be done in attachment(s). The elements for inclusion in initial Assessment report would be: Name or title of Proponent, Location Main Conclusion, backed with reasons for the particular finding. Consultant(s) name including, qualification/ relevant experience, contact address/phone/fax/ E-mail No.) 1.3 Report requirements for impact assessment The initial assessment can indicate the possibility of significant impacts, Where this has been revealed, then a full Impact Assessment has to be calTied out. The impact assessment report EIS is intended to be used by all the interested and affected parties: (a) the developer or proponent, (b) the proponent's consultants, (c) the affected public, (d) the authority that determines the adequacy of the report (i.e. Review Authority). Typical elements of an EIA report include: - A non-teclnical executive summary. - A description of the proposed activity, its purposes and rationale including raw materials. - A description of the local environment (site description) and baseline conditions including socio-economic, biophysical and cultural aspects. - Identifications, prediction and assessment of potential impacts from environmental, social, economic and cultural perspective for different phases of developments. Aniex 8 Al'PENDLX K-may 03 Appendix M - 3 Techniplai Singida-Slielii Road: Detailed Enginteerin - Analysis of those Impacts as they relate to human health. - Consideration of alternatives and mitigation measures including commitment to mitigation. - Environmental management plan, monitoring and auditing program. - How public consultation in respect to the undertaking was implemented - Any other necessary information to assess the proposed activity - Conclusions and recommendations 4. Structure of EIA report: 4.1 Cover Page. Must display information and referencing, such as: - Title of proposed project (development) - Location of proposed development - Proponents - Lead Consultant(s) (EIA Coordinators) Contact Address and phone No. Report designation (main or draft) Decision Making Authority - Date of Submission. 4.2 Non-technical Executive Summary. It provides a concise overview of the report, highlighting the major findings and recommendations. Since the summary may be the only document to be read by higher authorities, it can be produced as a "Stand alone" document. The executive summary will have a Swahili version, if the report is written in English. 4.3 Contents Page. It assists the reader to locate specific sections and should contain the following: o List of major sections of the report. • List of Tables. o List of figures (including maps) o List of appendices o Page numbers of the report. Ffor complex reports, it is advisable to have separate contents list for each chapter. 4.4 Introduction Section. It provides background to the proposal, showing how the report is structured. It also states whether the assessment is preliminary or full EIA. Contents: - Background Information - Including justification for the EIA - Outline of the proposal: objectives, location, activities, timing, development lifespan - An outline of the structure of the report. The outline of the structure of the report should show how it is organized in terms and location of different chapters, TOR, Summary, Conclusions and recommendations. 4.5 Terms of Reference (TOR). They provide guidelines for undertaking the EIA according to agreements made in the scoping stage. As TOR vary from one development proposal to another, it is difficult to stipulate standard requirements for them. Where .additional information not required by TOR is found to be necessary for inclusion, the consultants have to take legal responsibility for such information. Typical TOR must indicate inter-alia the following: (i) description of the proposed undertaking and analysis of the need/reason for undertaking; (ii) the objective of the undertaking; (iii) other options for carrying out the undertaking; (iv) alternatives to the undertaking; (v) a description of the present environment that would be affected, directly, or indirectly; Annex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 4 Techniplan Singicla-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix M (vi) description of the future environment, and its condition if the undertaking did not occur; (vii) the impacts that may be caused the environment by the undertaking; (viii) proposed measures to prevent or mitigate all adverse impacts; (ix) an evaluation of opportunities and constraints to. the environment of the undertaking; (x) environmental management plan, covering construction, operation, decommissioning (xi) proposals for a programme of public information 4.6 Approach to the Study. It provides a description of the approach adopted in the study, as the methodology used in the scoping exercise, the ETA study, the involvement of stakeholders, etc. 4.7 Assumptions and limitations. The objective is to indicate the circumstances and limitations under which the study was carried out and their possible implications to the overall assessment. The presentation of limitations and assumptions should not be allowed to be reason for producing generalized or tentative reports. A good scoping process would avert the possibility of these limitations, since they would be incorporated in the planning stage. Items to be included: - At what planning stage the report was produced and decisions that may have been taken - Availability of baseline information - Financial Constraints - Time Constraints - Confidentiality Constraints - The implications for the study, of the limitations and constraints identified. 4.8 Administrative, Legal and Policy Requirements. The objective is to show compliance with existing policies, laws and administrative conditions. Details on the legislation may be included as Annex. Specifically, the section should include: * Indication of the relevant legislation and planning and administrative procedures followed * Indication of how compliance has been achieved with respect to other legislative provisions. 4.9 Project Proposal Section. It gives a general idea of what the project proposal will entail, focusing on details linked to anticipated impacts. The use of diagrams, maps or photos of the project or similar projects elsewhere may assist to clarify processes or actions. Many elements can be considered under this section. A few of them would include: Nature of development. Surface area to be covered Area of land to be influenced by the project e.g., by noise, emissions or visual impacts, Density and layout Architectural character Phasing of development (Construction, Operation, maintenance and decommissioning). Volumes and concentrations of effluent. Removal and disposal of waste, Support Services Personnel, and Location maps/lay-out plans. 4.10 Affected Environment. It gives a brief description of the environment affected by the development, including biophysical, socio-economic, cultural, historical and even political factors. According to reviewed EISs, the temptation is to include everything on the environment, including those factors which have minimal chance of being affected by the development. The advice here is that only those environmental factors necessary to Annex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 5 Techntiplant Sin gida-Shelni Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix M understand the impact of the development, should be considered. The inclusion of encyclopedic details can make the report readable. In order to facilitate an analysis of potential impacts, it is important to show the linkages between various environmental elements and their relationship. This would assist the determination of secondary and indirect impacts. Other current and proposed projects in the area have to be taken into account in order to predict cumulative or synergistic impacts. An example of elements to be included in this section, would therefore be of the following type: - Location (e.g., regional Context, physical Constraints, Land tenure, surrounding land uses, direction and distance to neighboring towns, local infra-structure etc). - Boundaries (of the development and of the environmental effects). - Biophysical environment (climate, soil, geology, hydrology, topography, flora and fauna). - Socio-economic environment (e.g. demography, local government administration, water and power supply etc). - Cultural, historic environment (e.g. sites of architectural ad cultural interest, visual impact) - Interested and affected parties. - Other aspects of particular significance or value. - Reference to specialist reports which may have been prepared. 4.11 Assessment Section. The objective is to make a synthesis and analysis of information relevant to the environmental impacts of a proposal. Two important elements are considered under this section, namely: an outline of methodology used and the systematic assessment of impacts. 4.12 Methodology. It outlines the methods used to identify, assess and evaluate impacts. 4.13 Public participation. It gives a synopsis of who were contacted, when, where and what was said. Information on dissemination points (such as public libraries, notice boards and other information centres) for information relating to the project has to be given under this section. 4.14 Assessment of impacts. It includes, for each identified impact: - Statement of impact or effect. - Brief description of the impact or effect. - Group(s) affected, including land owner(s). - Statement of Criteria for determining significance (could include magnitude, geographic extent, duration, frequency, risk or uncertainly, size of group affected). - Significance of or effect without mitigation. - Suggested measures for mitigation or optimization. - Significance of impact with mitigation or optimization measures. On describing impacts, it is important to refer to specialist reports, if information was derived from there. Additionally, the description of impacts should be able to state whether they are: - Positive or negative - Direct, indirect or secondary. - Short term or long term. - Reversible or irreversible. - Remain Static or vary with time. - Will be felt locally/ - Regionally or nationally. - Are they controversial. Annex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 6 Technziplan Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Desigin Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix M Where impact mitigation is not feasible or cost effective this should be indicated. Compensatory measures, including trade-offs or measures to enhance the positive effects of the project, should be explored. As the most important part of the EIS, Assessment must be presented in a form allowing quick reference and comparison. Use of tables, also to appear in the executive sunmnary, to present major impacts for each alternative, is recommended. It is also important to inform on residual effects in terms of quantities and types of materials, after identification of mitigation measures. With residual impacts, a consideration of cumulative and synergistic impacts where there are other development projects, has to be included. 4.15 Mitigation. This section will show how the proponent is committed to implementing the mitigation measures proposed against the identified impacts. Responsibility for carrying out monitoring by other independent institutions or firms has to be shown under this section as well. 4.16 Evaluation of alternatives. In order to weigh the available information and to determine which alternative is in the best interest of the community at large, an evaluation has to be carried out. Under this section, the following elements should be considered and included: * Method of evaluation. It can rely on expert opinion or other techniques as panel evaluation * cost-benefit analysis, X Comparison of alternatives n Recommendations 4.17 Incomplete or unavailable information.. This section is essential. It should provide an insight of the adequacy or scarcity of information which could have been essential for the assessment. e.g., uncertainty about the effect of new technology. Specific issues to be included are: * Identification of gaps in knowledge or unavailable information. * Reasons for inadequacy or incompleteness of information. * Implications for the decision making process 4.18 Conclusions and Recommendations The objective is to highlight key conclusions and present recommendations arisingfrom the whole study. Some of the elements that should be included in this section are: * A brief discussion of the key issues, * Indication of the major positive and negative impacts; and the mitigation measures * Statement of any serious risk associated with the project in general. * Identification of any management and monitoring needs. * Additional recommendations. 4.19 Definitions of Technical Terms. The objective is to assist interested but non-specialist readers. A glossary of terms, with their explanations in simple language should be provided. 4.20 List of Preparers. The objective is to identify the contributor to the report, providing detail for each contributor. * Name and qualifications * Current Position and the contribution to the study 4.21 References. The objective of this section is to identify and record the written material used in the study. This section is important because some of the material used as background information may be in unpublished form; and yet it may be necessary that these are available during the review process. Annex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 7 Tech niplan Sin gida-Sieliui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendidx M 4.22 Personal communications. Information obtained through personal communications should also be recorded under this section or separately. This type of information could come from both interested parties or specialists. 4.23 Appendices. Appendices provide support to the recommendations of the main report and contribute towards its overall quality. Examples of documents that may be provided as appendices are: - Detailed planning proposal, - Policy guidelines, - Outline of scoping and public involvement process, - Technical reports prepared in conjunction with the proposed development, It should be noted that the objectives of these appendices are among others, to streamline the process of decision making on the report. It is therefore not advised to include irrelevant information that would only delay the process of decision-making. Only essential information has to be included. The list of organizations and persons consulted can also be presented as an appendix. Annex 8 APPENDIX K-may 03 Appendix M - 8 Techniplan Sinlgida-SlheltiiRoad: DetailedEnginteerinig Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix N Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX N PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM Am=8 APPENDIX L Album-Co,er-03 Appendix N - 1 Tech,iiplai I Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN Fig. 2. Singida Urban Area -8APPENDIX L Albm I Appendix N - 3 Techniplan I Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendiiN A'~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A&L ~~~-A- -,~~_ ~ * -- -. *~~~~~~~~~r~ ~1 .. -. : Fig. 3. Building to be demolished in Msisi X - s-t r1~~~~~~~~~ - Al.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Fig. 4. Commercial building in Msisi village A.=, S APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 4 Techniplan I Singida-SheluiRoad: DetailedEngineering Design FitialReport: Annex 8 - Append&iN g p: e d I Fig. 5. School in Iguguno Trade Center -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 *--4' *x < ~ ~ ~ h _ L2's5 f.t,_ -~~; k-_-d1K-Sg Fig. 6. Iguguno by pass: newv bridge site Annex8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 5 Techniplan A Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN -'"' ~~~~~~~~. -- ; ;- Fig. 7. Village Building to be demolished (Shack, stall) I~ ~~ -, .. _{>'_ic _tf < < Fig. 8. Idem Anns 8 APPENDIX L Alblm I Appendix N - 6 Techniplan I Singida-Sheluti Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendirN -, -_- J- -C-;' it $'-'.1;. * r'. Fig. 9. Farm along Iguguno by pass 1MA''''--mS I Fig. 10. Idem Annex8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 7 Techniplan I Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - AppeendixN - K-4-v:-_.-c{>1>. -4k 4< Fig. 11. Meeting of Iguguno Stakeholders t''_-t'~~- 1 z --, i iu - -. ~ . I .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - '-.~ . , ., . . .' --- . Fig. 12. Charcoal dealers along the road Annex 8 APPENDIX LAlbum I Appendix N - 8 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendirN IL Z u2j - I - -ii _6 M r - iEb z w I~~~~~~~~~L ._.. D.ftJ. ;T 0 Fig. 13. Kiomboi District: Office of the Town Planner L . J\' V~~~~~~cIX- Fig. 14. Planned layout of Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center, designed in 1988 n8 APPENDIX L Albm Appendix N - 9 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN Fig. 15. Market place of Kiomboi District Headquarter upper reaches of Kinkungu IJ~~~~~~~~~~~- Fig. 16. River used by wild animals to cross Sekenke escarpment An,e. 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 10 Techniplan I I i I I I j I Singida-Shehli Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ F18 Fig. 17. Traders along the project road near Misigiri Fig. 18. Building to be demolished in Ulimo village area Annc.x8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - I I Techniplan I Singida-Shleliui Road: Detailed EngineeringDesign FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendirVN -7,f- t-v LI:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I !' ' r - - , -.. ;:. , il Fig. 19. Selected borrow pit in unformed land near Misigiri Aon- 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 12 Techniplan I Singida-Shelti Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 -AppendivN _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 'I , o .~- ^- - -'-e kVwr _ L \'Ze Fig. 21. House to be demolished in Kironda village area Fig. 22. Pond between the bridges of the new Kinkungu river route An8c.,S APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 13 Techniplan Singida-Sheluti Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport. A nnex 8 - AppendivN 4~~~~~~~~ S~~~~~~,7~ _ iS$,._ ViX , Fig. 23. Proposed Sekenke Forest Reserve Fig. 24. Burnt forest along the project road in Sekenke Escarpment Annc.,8 APPENDIX L AlbumI Appendix N - 14 Techniplan I Singida-Slieluti Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendivN Fig. 25. Burnt forest along the project road in Sekenke Escarpment - 0: v * 1' Fig. 26. Houses encroaching road reserve in Misisigi Anncx 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 15 Tech niplan a Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 -Appendi&N - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!- I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S*%_.l Fig. 27. Charcoal maker along the road in Sekenke Escarpment l ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~Ii , - 'I _ ~ Fig. 28. End of the project road at Tabora Region border in Wembere lowlands Annex:8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 16 Techniplan b V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 -AppendiYcN S Kt.41 I~. i -- - -X --- = Fig. 29. Beer house to be demolished -A Fig. 30. Shelui plain sight from the escarpment Anncx S APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 17 Techniplan I Singida-Slhelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendbcN _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A 1,~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IA, Fig. 31. Bee hives on burnt tree along Sekenke road 4 ' 4'' ~ - _4 Fig. 32. A Trunk accident on Sekenke road obliges vehicles to negotiate alternative track through the mountains Anne. 8 APPENDIX L Alb.. I Appendix N - 18 Techniplan I Singida-Shelzui Road: Detailed EngineeringDesign FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendivN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~711 Fig. 33. Building encroaching the Shelui Trade Center Fig. 34. Building encroaching the Shelui Trade Center 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 19 Techniplan I Singida-Sheluii Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN A~~ F*r ~ '4 Fig. 35. Building encroaching the Shelui Trade Center i <~~~ Lt~~~~$ Fig. 36. Building encroaching the Shelui Trade Center Anne 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 20 Tech2niplan I Singida-Shelui Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - AppendivN t, ,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f Fig. 37. Meeting with Stakeholders in Shelui Nselembwe Trade Center Al = C Fig. 38. Traditional "Clinic" between Shelui and Wembere Plain A S8c.,APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 21 Techniplan I Singida-SheluiRoad: Detailed EngineeringDesign FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendidvN |; ~~~~~~~~~~~10 Fig. 39. Mosque in the right of way of village xX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4:, . Fig. 40. Chicken dealer along the road A..x 8 APPENDIX L Album I Appendix N - 22 Techniplan I Singida-ShelZui Road: DetailedEngineering Design FinalReport: Annex 8 - AppendixN Fig. 41. Charcoal dealer along the road M.- 8 APPENDIX LAlb Im Appendix N - 25 Techniplan 9 Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport: Annlex 8 - Appendir 0 Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX 0 CONTRACTOR'S CLAUSE FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (PCR) Contents 1. Purpose of the Clause 2. Scope of the PCR Clause 3. Proposed clause to be incorporated in the Special Specifications of the Works Contract Attached: Typical impacts of road projects on Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) (section 1 and 4) A PDXMro, 6..wuPRC-.ny03 Appendix 0 - 1 Techntiplan Singicda-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinialReport: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX 0 CONTRACTOR'S CLAUSE FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF PHYSICAL CU]LIILRL RESOURCES (PCR) 1. Purpose of the PRC Clause The present Appendix presents the 'chance-finds' clause that should be incorporated in the Works Contract to ensure the protection of PCR, not only those which are already known and classified, but also those which are yet unknown and could unpredictably be found and inadvertently damaged during the earthworks. 2. Scope of PCR Clause The Contractor will be responsible for protecting and preserving in their integrity the PCR identified by Tanroads in the road works sites and their immediate vicinities. The Contractor will also ensure the protection or relocation of the known PCR affected by the road works, in compliance with Tanroads instructions. The Contractor will be responsible for reporting to the Works Supervisor on the existence of any Physical Cultural Resource (PRC) encountered in the road construction areas, including: - the design right of way - the borrow pits and quarries - the camp sites and detours - any other site affected by the immediate physical consequences of the road works The PCR items are defined as constructions, dwellings, trees, relics, articfacts, paintings and other features, the typology of which is the described in the two Lists of PCR attached to the present Works Contract. In the event of casual finding, during the road works, of PCR similar to those illustrated in the two attached Lists, the Contractor will stop the works and report to the Works Supervisor. The Supervisor will instruct the Contractor in writing with appropriate measures to protect the PCR. The Contractor will comply with such instructions and implement them keeping an accurate written record of the activities carried out and costs incurred. Anwx 8 APPENDIX M Mon,r-ctorciu.s PRC-.lay 03 Appendix 0 - 3 Techiziplan Singida-Shielui Road: Detailed EnginieeringDesign FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 3. Proposed clause to be incorporated in the Special Specifications of the Works Contract Article 1. Definition of prehistoric and historic cultural heritage items. The cultural heritage items are defined in the attached document prepared by the Ministry of Education and Culture for the area concerned by the road works and attached to the present Contract. Article 2. Actions to be undertaken in case of cultural heritage findings. During the Contract performance period, the Contractor, upon casual finding, through excavation or other works operation, of prehistoric or historic relics in the areas affected by the road works, shall immediately inform the Works Supervisor about the occurrence and deploy his best efforts and dispositions efforts to ensure the integrity of the finding pending decisions to be taken by the cultural heritage authorities Article 3. Instructions to the working teams of the Contractor. The Contractor shall brief the site staff responsible for the road works about the features of the possible cultural items that can be found in the road work areas and about the duty of registering the finding in the works journal and preserving them until instructions are provided by the Works Supervisor. Article 4. Works suspension and related compensation. If the preservation of the cultural finding requires the temporary suspension of the works in the location of the finding, the event shall be recorded in the works journal with all the details and justifications that are necessary to prove the entitlement and the amount of the related compensation. Article 5. Property of the finding. All cultural heritage item casually detected during the excavations or other works operations is the property of the Government of Tanzania. In case of endorsement by the project authorities, the present Clause will be incorporated in the Special Specification of the Works Contract. Amex.8APPENDLXMco-wrmctorc .u,PRC-mayo3 Appendix 0 - 4 7echniplaui Singicda-ShIelui Road: Detailed Engitneering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 TYPElCAL IHPACTS OF ROAD PROJECTS ON PHYSIACL CULTURAL RESOUCTES QPCR) There are various types of road project. To avoid confusion in the terminology used, the categories proposed by the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank are adopted here: (i) Maintenance; (ii)Rehabilitation; (iii) Improvement; (iv)Upgrading; (v)New construction. These categories are defined inSection 4 of this Annex. 1. ImportantIssues • The greatest threat to PCR arises from not identifying them in the first place. a Although road improvements, upgrading and new constructon are most likely to directly encounter PCR, rnaintenance and rehabilitation projects may also have impacts through activities such as quarrying, establishment of work camps, use of construction equipment, the increased volume of traffic, and improvement of access to PCR. o Roads are often among the most historic areas of a country, especially major trade routes, some of which go back several centuries. PCR are frequently to be found in the vicinity of major roads. o For the above reason, road-widening activities, associated with road improvement and road upgrading, may be more likely to encounter PCR than the construction of new roads. o Road-widening in urban areas rich in cultural heritage requires particular attention, as the construction works may have direct negative impacts on PCR, and the increased traffic volume will often have long-term impacts on historic buildings in the vicinity. Increasingly, historic urban centers are being bypassed in preference to road-widening. ° As many roads connect or pass through old-established population centers, the EA team must be alert to not only to obvious PCR such as buildings and monuments, but also to living-culture PCR, such as a sacred trees and graves, as well as archaeological material. a In some cases, the existing road may itself be classified as cultural heritage. In such cases, the EA team must report upon the likely negative impacts on the existing road, including associatedcfeatures such as historic bridges. 3 Improved access resulting from road projects can have both positive and negative impacts on PCR. If controlled, the increased human traffic can provide significant income- generation potential for the local community. If uncontrolled, it can lead to both theft and inadvertent damage, and the unacceptable exposure of sacred sites. o Discovery of PCR during EA investigations can contribute to an expansion of the national cultural heritage inventory, and can .provide income-generating opportunities for the community, for example through tourism development. A,,mx 8 APPENDIX M conwtaor cluuscPRC-wtwy 03 Appendix 0 - 5 7Techniplan Singida-Sheltii Road: Detailed Engineering Design Finial Report: Annlex 8 - Appendix 0 Activity or Feature Impact Expropriation of land by (i) There may be direct destruction or damage to PCR, establishment of new road corridor, especially unidentified natural PCR and buried road realignment or widening, material; diversions, work camps and access (ii) Positive impacts may also occur, through the roads discovery of hitherto unknown sites or artifacts. New road alignment crossing A major road cufting through an area rich in PCP through PCR such as a heritage creates a barrier which can: area or cultural landscape . (i) Interlere with the management andfunctioning of the area; (ii) Create a negative visual impact by detracting from the landscape or blocking the viewi. Use of explosives Vibration can result in damage to buildings, and cause landslides in cliffs and escarpments which may expose, damage or destroy buried material and features such as cave dwellings. Quarrying Quarrying can damage the aesthetic quality of the landscape, and damaqe or destroy buried PCR. VV'aste disposal Indiscriminate dumping of waste material may cover, or damage, natural and built PCR, New road alignments, and major New road alignments, and major cut andfill zones cut and fill zones in landscape of which are out of characterwith the terrain, can damage aesthetic value the aesthetic value of the landscape, leading to negative visua I impacts. Deforestation along, or adjacent tb, Unnecessary or excessive deforestation modifies the road corridor landscape ancl can have negative visual impacts. Vibration, air and soil pollution by This can cause damage to both built and natural PCR, the use of construction equipment andto movable artifacts such as manuscripts and yes,tments. Soil corhpaction by heavy . Soil compaction can damage buried material, construction equipment especiallVarchaeological sites incorporating chambers. Accidents Construction accidents, especially involving heamvy equipment in an urban cultural heritage area, can . directly damage PCR Aniinex8 APPENDIX M caitractor clausePRC-n-ay 03 Appendix 0 - 6 Techtniplant Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineeritng Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 Activity or Feature Impact Construction of features such Interrupting access to cultural sites can lead to as access roads, diversions, inconvenience and danger for the community, and socio- camps cultural problems. Establishment of work camps The workforce may gain unregulated access to PCR sites, resulting in accidental damage, vandalism, or the looting of movable artifacts. Resettlement: Resettlement of residents displaced by the road project can lead to negative impa cts on PCR: (i) The relocation of communities away from cultural sites can lead to abandonment of the sites, resulting in negative impacts. (ii)Land-clearing, excavation and changes in the water table of the new settlement area can have direct and indirect negative impacts on PCR. Amex8 APPENDIX M cunr-ior claus PRC-may 03 Appendix 0 - 7 Techniplan Sinzgida-Shelli Road: DetailedEngineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 Activity or Feature Impact Poor drainage for run-off This can cause erosion of the adjoining land, which can lead from roa d surfa ce to exposure of da mage to PC R such as graves an d archaeological resources; Poor drainage, or (i) This can result in gulley erosion, resulting in damage to inappropriate construction of PCR; drains, for water from (ii)WVith no drainage, a raised road plafform can behave like a adjoining land dam, changing the water table, and causing negative impact on natural, buried and built PCR: Steep and unstable Collapse of embankments can lead to exposure and damage embankment cuts to.natural PCR such as caves, buried and built PCR. Traffic vibration and air These cause direct damage to both natural and built PCR. pollution: Traffic noise pollution Noise pollutio6n can interfere with the use and enjoyment of PCR such as tourist destinations, historic buildings, religious establishments and cemeteries. Increased traffic volume Where the existing road, or associated features such as historic bridges, arethemselves regarded as PCR, increased vehicular traffic may damage or endanger the building or road fabric An.ex 8 APPEND[X Mcotractor clausePRC-inayO3 Appendix 0 - 8 Tech niplan Sinigida-Shlelii Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appentdix 0 Activity or Feature Impact Rehabilitated, improved, (i) Improved but regulated access to PCR can lead to upgraded or new road increased human traffic, resulting in positive impacts: tourism- providing easier access to related income-generating activities, and wider academic cultural sites scholarship. (ii)Imnproved but unregulated access to PCR can lead to increased human traffic, resulting in damage and deterioration of both natural and built sites, and unacceptable exposure of sacred sites. It can also result in looting of movable artifacts (including breakage off sections of immovable monuments), and can lead to the desecration of religious sites. (iii) Inthe case of road upgrading or new construction, The increased traffic volume, or new alignment, may cut off ready access to PCR, which may in turn result in inconvenience, loss of livelihood or danger for the local community, and ultimately in reduced maintenance and conservation of the PC R concerned. Increased traffic volume An increased volume of traffic can (and is often expected to) lead to induced development along th e highway and along its tributary roads. This can lead to unregulated access to PCR and a loss of control of POR bythe local community. Loss of land expropriated for Through increased pressure on land and fuelwood, land- new or improved road clearing for new road construction can leadto further land- clearing in adjacent or nearly areas, leading in turn to cutivation and deforestation, and subsequent damageto PCR such as archaeoloqical sites and sacred groves. Ann= 8 APPENDIX M coitractor cluue PRC-may 03 Appendix 0 - 9 Techniplan Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - Appendix 0 4. Categories of Road Project' (i) Road Maintenance Proj ects R.outine or peniodic works to maintain the road in working condition. All of the work is done on the existing platform. - Routine works, patching potholes, clearing drains; or - Periodic works such as resurfacing, linemarking, bridge maintenance. (ii) Road Relhabilitation Projects Bringing existing deteriorated roads to previous/original condition. ill of the workis done on the existing platform/right of way. No additional land acquisiti on is needed. - rimproving drainage/sl opes/embankm ents/other structures - Strengthening pavements - Complete resurfacinig - Recuperating civil works (iii) Road lImprovemenit Proj ects Irnproving road specifications. Most of the work is done on the existing platform or nght of way. Additional land acquisition may be needed. - Widening lands and shoulders. - Adding extra lanes in steep inclines - Improving curves - Strengthening bridges (iv) Road Upgirading Proj ects Changing road category (eg seasonal to all-weather, secondary to primary, or from gravel to paved). Land acquishon is needed in most cases. - Adding new lanes (2 to 4, 4 to 6, etc) - Changing road surface (such as from gravel to paved) - -VVidening intersections (v) Newv Road Constructioni Proj ects New projects built on a new alignment. Major land acquisition is needed. - New ro ads - Bypasses - Realignments (changing in route) I Tak en from Quintero, J., April, 1997, OGwdelinesfor Environmenital Screening of Road Po]jecfs, The WorldBank, Latin America and Caribbean Re gon. Anne.,S APPENDIX NI -ni-ractorclxxs PRC-mxyO3 Appendix 0 - 10 Techiniplai Singida Shelui Road- Detailed Engineering FinalReport: Annex 8 - Appendix p Design Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RIA APPENDIX P M[INTES OF MEETING WITH VILLAGERS Annex 8 APPENDIX i-Cover-may 03 Appendix p - 0 Technziplan Final Report -Annex 8- AppendUI J-JRAP 2 Singida-Shelui Road:.Detailed Engineering Design U~a P-I4 '-A L-LLA RS #& ZR b5L A•7/ - F vc-D lS/2 1 Z{ ; . j.,,A s t ,8&2t - A v7sr >gyyC~ /~(P~P~ L~a\- kU- V 4 &, >18M-l~~~LI Akf-syhhi5amzft sA Z.. AZ FY>_v @ ht-Wa,6F-2R m ' ,' AL,' A-StAA .. ~&-. 'a'. .,~ ~ ~~~I J,tfA 4 t4j,41ya s A2rv_ ;~~VIJJLVI I6Z2 S B:L4ThT'>us8\s 1 tflbk i/zR -:,, I*7j' 46'0J Singida-Shelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design FinalReport- Annex 8-Appendix J-RAP 31[ ...... IpY .a 1c\. C,nj 0 Wa \ P I u ' Cr Pjbl k7 tK~.-~ A-r2p . ~ 43 - Mc/L.STh - RT el - j_u V& I E)+t{ ThE EA O - .* L9L-TB4 19' PA Cr Pxxr- - 8 14S.!.} * k k otk-,rY - -rt C- - Ze tC1_fi-r v'' 664c ~~t7 r't _4; 4,i_4~ W-LA- @1 >J~AJ 9 A AK& 5 t bA 9 o 2\ o 'L \ Sh [ c 4 o ~A -'6\_rl 4 tG %BXwis;ot\5tsz < sik" _ 7* C.r- -) LLt,r_\>Q \t- (D~~~~~~~~~~ I 6_ C b t q\\ W"'u LE ' ' t A-X . ,vX95utC , J 401 r cJ ~ ~ g S b.sl 7 A \N ; L > s;t t J -' - IE;~~ ______ E 2Qrsa0;-s eJCJJZ*-ao-< ~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .- I. 5D5- |1~,tr \ .;- < ;< n "% K-a jW '.. Annex 8: EIA, SIA & RI[A APPENDhIX Q LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED LIST OF THE PEOPLE CONSULTED I. Ms Halima Kasungu - Regional Commissioner, Singida Region 2. Mr. Said T. Mwambungu - District Commissioner- Singida District 3. Mr. Boniphace Mgongolwa - Regional Administrative Secretary- Singida Region 4. Ms.Zainabu Kondo - District Commissiner - Iramba District 5. Mr. Sadim Ignas Sirima - Executive Director, Singida Town Council 6. Mr. Charles Mwagowa - District Executive Director - Singida Rural Distric 7. Mr. Mpangalala - Head of Land, Natural Resources and Environment Department, Singida Rural District Council 8. Mr. Muduma - Acting District Executive Director, Iramba District 9. Mr. Richard Fumbuka - Regional Land Officer, Singida Regional Administrative Secretariat 10. Mr. Naftali Mmari - Coordinator - World Vision 1. Mr. Sultan Hilary - Regional Manager - Tanzania Electric Supply Company 12. Mr Feruzi Athuman - Chairman - CCM Msisi 13. Mr Abdalla Mwanja - Secretary - CCM Msisi 14. Mr. Iddi Athuman - Village Executive Officer- Msisi 15. Mr. Seleman Daudi - Acting Village Chairman - Shelui 16. Mr. Daud Majengo - Village Executive Officer, Shelui 17. Mr. Ally Ramadhani - Chairman - Village Social Services Committee - Shelui 18. Mr. Daud Madulu - Member - Village Govemment - Shelui 19. Ester Kerario - Director EIA -NEMC 20. Technical Review Committee (EIA) -NEMC Singida-Shzelui Road: Detailed Engineering Design Final Report: Annex 8 - AppendixR Annex 8: EIA, SIA,& RIA APPENNDIX R PROPERTIES DECLARATION FORM (FORM 70) A=. 8 APPENDIX R-Proprpes Dccltioohli om Appendix R - 1 Techniplant FomU Ya Ardhi Na. 70 JAMHURI YA MUUNGANO WA TANZANIA SHERIA YA ARDHI 1999 (Na.4 ya 19991 OMBI LA MKAZI WA ARDHI KULIPWA FIDIA (Chini ya Kanuni ya 8 ya Kanuni za Fidia ya Ardhl, 20011 1. Majiina kamili (Jina la Ukoo kwanza) */A J/R-,tg P,g) wfA _ ASl/Cr '-I_/ I) Jinsia ...... ,. . . .. ,.....,.....,n ii) Umri ...... :.,.,,...... ,,,,,; 2. Anwani: ...... x ...... /...... 3. Umeoa/umeolewa. Ndlyo/Hapana 4. Watoto wanaoishi pamoia na wewe ...... *.....I...... I...... I . . . 5. Mahala ilipo ardhi Inayohusika na fidia: Kijiji.. .. .A ...... Wilaya.f,,,,.. /I ,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,.,,,,,,,,, ,.b*.. A4taa/Barabara:...... -...... -...... 6. Taarifa nyingine: Kumbukumbu za Hati ya Kumiliki Ardhl: ...... 7 Ukubwa wa eneo ...... S . s. Matumizi va sasa ya ardhl . /-C.S7,/4 ...... :, 9. Maslahl ullyonavo katika ardhi inayohusika na fidia: Hakimiliki Ndo/Hapana Hakirniliki ya KImila N'Kro/Hapana MkazI ... Pgt'o/Hapana Hakimiliki Isiyo asili (derivative right) Kiasi kinachodaiwa Shs ...... Of ...... 10. Madai mnengineyo: a) Maendelezo/Uboreshaji usiohamishika katika ardhi Tshs . b) Ardhi ya malisto va mifugo IR Tsh s . t...... - ...... I...... Jina a...... XL 1 Saini/alama Va Dole gu b ...... ! P ..