The Religious Frontier in Eastern Europe in the Twelfth Century
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Die Wahl Des Gewandes
Mittelalter-Forschungen Herausgegeben von Bernd Schneidmüller und Stefan Weinfurter Band 33 Jan Thorbecke Verlag Jan Keupp Die Wahl des Gewandes Mode, Macht und Möglichkeitssinn in Gesellschaft und Politik des Mittelalters Jan Thorbecke Verlag IMPRESSUM Weitere interessante Lesetipps finden Sie unter: www. thorbecke.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Unbefugte Nutzungen, wie etwa Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung, Speicherung oder Übertragung, können zivil- oder strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. © 2014 Jan Thorbecke Verlag der Schwabenverlag AG, Ostfildern Umschlaggestaltung: Finken & Bumiller, Stuttgart Umschlagabbildung: Ausschnitt aus dem Krönungsbuch Karls V. von Frankreich, 1365, British Library, Cotton Tiberius ms. B VIII, fol. 48r. Hergestellt in Deutschland ISBN 978-3-7995-4365-1 (eBook) Inhalt Vorwort .........................................................IX Zur Einführung . 11 a) Leitfäden des Forschungsprojektes .............................11 b) Texturen des Forschungsfeldes.................................12 c) Figurinen des Forschungsprogramms . 18 d) Schnittmuster der Forschungsarbeit . 22 I. Einordnung und Auszeichnung: Spielräume mittelalterlicher Kleiderwahl ............................25 1. Das Selbst und seine Hüllen .....................................25 a) Die Autorität der Äußerlichkeiten ..............................25 b) Zwischen Genie und Wahnsinn: Mittelalterlicher Möglichkeitssinn..............................33 2. Von der Lesbarkeit der Welt......................................39 a) Das Kleid als notwendiges Standeszeichen -
The Chronicle Henry of Livonia
THE CHRONICLE of HENRY OF LIVONIA HENRICUS LETTUS TRANSLATED WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY James A. Brundage � COLUMBIA UNIVERSI'IY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press RECORDS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION is a series published under the aus Publishers Since 1893 pices of the InterdepartmentalCommittee on Medieval and Renaissance New York Chichester,West Sussex Studies of the Columbia University Graduate School. The Western Records are, in fact, a new incarnation of a venerable series, the Co Copyright© University ofWisconsin Press, 1961 lumbia Records of Civilization, which, for more than half a century, New introduction,notes, and bibliography© 2003 Columbia University Press published sources and studies concerning great literary and historical All rights reserved landmarks. Many of the volumes of that series retain value, especially for their translations into English of primary sources, and the Medieval and Renaissance Studies Committee is pleased to cooperate with Co Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData lumbia University Press in reissuing a selection of those works in pa Henricus, de Lettis, ca. II 87-ca. 12 59. perback editions, especially suited for classroom use, and in limited [Origines Livoniae sacrae et civilis. English] clothbound editions. The chronicle of Henry of Livonia / Henricus Lettus ; translatedwith a new introduction and notes by James A. Brundage. Committee for the Records of Western Civilization p. cm. - (Records of Western civilization) Originally published: Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 1961. Caroline Walker Bynum With new introd. Joan M. Ferrante Includes bibliographical references and index. CarmelaVircillo Franklin Robert Hanning ISBN 978-0-231-12888-9 (cloth: alk. paper)---ISBN 978-0-231-12889-6 (pbk.: alk. -
A Look at Schillings of the Free Imperial City of Riga by Charles Calkins
A Look at Schillings of the Free Imperial City of Riga by Charles Calkins The seaport of Riga is the capital of Latvia and the largest city of the Balkan states. It is located on the Gulf of Riga, a bay of the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Daugava river. The area was settled in ancient times by the Livs, a Finnic tribe, giving the area its name of Livonia. Riga began developing economically due to the Daugava being used as a Viking trade route to Byzantium. By the 12th century, German traders were visiting Riga, establishing an outpost near Riga in 1158. After a failed attempt at Christianization in the late 1100s, Bishop Albert landed with a force of crusaders in 1200, and transferred the Livonian bishopric to Riga in 1201, which became the Archbishopric of Riga in 1255. Albert established the Order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword in 1202 to defend territory and commerce, and Emperor Philip of Swabia caused Livonia to become a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The Order of Livonian Brothers was given one-third of Livonia, and the Church the other two-thirds, which included Riga. In 1211, Riga minted its first coinage, and gradually gained more independence through the 1200s. In 1236, the Order of Livonian Brothers was defeated in battle with the Samogitians of Lithuania. The remaining Brothers were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights as a branch known as the Livonian Order. The Livonian Order subsequently gained control of Livonia. In 1282, Riga became a member of the Hanseatic League, a confederation of towns and merchant guilds which provided legal and military protection. -
History of the Crusades. Episode 231. the Baltic Crusades. the Livonian Crusade Part XXVIII
History of the Crusades. Episode 231. The Baltic Crusades. The Livonian Crusade Part XXVIII. The End of the Sword Brothers. Hello again. Last week we saw trouble brewing for the Sword Brothers. Forced to travel to Rome to defend themselves against allegations made by Baldwin of Alna, the Sword Brothers successfully defended the charges, but then faced a backlash from Pope Gregory IX, who decreed not only that Estonia be returned to the Danish Crown, but that the Sword Brothers owed King Valdemar II of Denmark a significant sum of money in compensation for removing Estonia from Danish hands. Pope Gregory also sent William of Modena, the Sword Brothers’ defender, to Scandinavia, effectively removing him from Estonia for the moment. So the Sword Brothers are in a bit of a pickle. Estonia was a vital source of income for the Order and now, not only had that source been taken away by Rome, the stipulation that the already financially stretched Order pay compensation to Denmark was a death blow. Although, it wasn’t actually. No, the death blow for the Sword Brothers is about to arrive not from Rome, but from the Lithuanians. Now, remember we saw last week that Master Volquin decided to invade Lithuania in an attempt to gain more land and income for his Order? Well, that turned out to be a really bad idea. Their first raid against the Lithuanians had been successful, but their next one wouldn’t be. In the year 1236 a contingent of crusaders arrived in Riga and their leaders, the Counts of Dunenburg and Haseldorf, were intent on bringing Christianity to the pagan Lithuanians. -
Concordia Theological Quarterly
Concordia Theological Quarterly Volume 76:1-2 Januaryj April 2012 Table of Contents What Would Bach Do Today? Paul J. Grilne ........................................................................................... 3 Standing on the Brink of the J01'dan: Eschatological Intention in Deute1'onomy Geoffrey R. Boyle .................................................................................. 19 Ch1'ist's Coming and the ChUl'ch's Mission in 1 Thessalonians Charles A. Gieschen ............................................................................. 37 Luke and the Foundations of the Chu1'ch Pete1' J. Scaer .......................................................................................... 57 The Refonnation and the Invention of History Korey D. Maas ...................................................................................... 73 The Divine Game: Faith and the Reconciliation of Opposites in Luthe1"s Lectures on Genesis S.J. Munson ............................................................................................ 89 Fides Heroica? Luthe1" s P1'aye1' fo1' Melanchthon's Recovery f1'om Illness in 1540 Albert B. Collver III ............................................................................ 117 The Quest fo1' Luthe1'an Identity in the Russian Empire Darius Petkiinas .................................................................................. 129 The Theology of Stanley Hauerwas Joel D. Lehenbauer ............................................................................. 157 Theological Observer -
Torun-Tourist-Business-Guide.Pdf
FREE Since 1994 www.amerapol.pl ISSN 1427-7468 (10-2021-303) fot. Piotr Frąckiewicz Piotr fot. XXVII International Puppet Theatres’ Festival “Meetings” Instytucja finansowana ze środków Gminy Miasta Toruń The Baj Pomorski Theatre, 9-15 October 2021 TORUŃ — THINGS TO SEE Stare Miasto (The Old Town). A UNESCO World Fortresses, some are located close to old town, Heritage List site dating back to medieval times. others like the forth fortress are just outside the city. Nicolaus Copernicus Museum, ul. Koperni- Motoarena Toruń. The biggest and most modern ka 15–17 (Old Town). Astronomer Nicolaus Coper- purpose build speedway stadium in the world, in use Toruń Plaza is the newest nicus was born in Toruń in 1473. The museum is situ- since 2009. It is one of the sites for FIM Speedway Shopping and Entertainment Center in Toruń, ated in Copernicus’s house which is a pretty building. Grand Prix since 2010. located only 3 km from Toruń Old Town Unfortunately the museum’s “collection” mostly com- Planetarium Toruń, ul. Franciszkańska 15–21. prises of copies. The Planetarium in Torun was first opened in 1994 Ratusz Staromiejski (Old Town Hall), Rynek Sta- and it is located in a historical tank of the old munic- You will f ind there 120 shops including: romiejski 1 (on Old Town square). One of the most ipal gasworks in the Old Town. Top Fashion brands such as TK Maxx, Zara, H M, beautiful Gothic town halls in Europe. Despite its The Planetarium offers astronomical shows in the & many treasures it is however not too rewarding for screening room under the dome and two interac- Reserved, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Pull Bear, Stradivarius, Pandora, C A, New Yorker,& Ochnik, foreign visitors as it is almost entirely explained in tive exhibitions: MARS#17 Base and Geodium. -
17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia
Madis Maasing 17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia 17.1 Introduction At the beginning of the sixteenth century, political rhetoric in Livonia was shaped by the threat posed by an alien power: Following a significant deterio- ration in the relations between the Catholic Livonian territories and their mighty Eastern Orthodox neighbour – the Grand Duchy of Moscow – war broke out, lasting from 1501 to 1503, with renewed armed conflict remaining an immi- nent threat until 1509. During this period of confrontation, and afterwards, the Livonians (i.e., the political elite of Livonia) fulminated in their political writ- ings about the gruesome, schismatic, and even infidel Russians, who posed a threat not only to Livonia, but to Western Christendom in general. In the Holy Roman Empire and at the Roman Curia, these allegations were quite favoura- bly received. Arguably, the Livonians’ greatest success took the form of a papal provision for two financially profitable anti-Russian indulgence campaigns (1503–1510). For various political reasons, the motif of a permanent and general ‘Russian threat’ had ongoing currency in Livonia up until the Livonian War (1558–1583). Even after the collapse of the Livonian territories, the Russian threat motif continued to be quite effectively used by other adversaries of Mos- cow – e.g., Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. I will focus here first and foremost on what was behind the initial success of the Russian threat motif in Livonia, but I will also address why it persisted for as long as it did. A large part of its success was the fact that it drew upon a similar phenomenon – the ‘Turkish threat’,1 which played a significant role in the political rhetoric of Early Modern Europe, especially in south-eastern 1 This research was supported by the Estonian Research Council’s PUT 107 programme, “Me- dieval Livonia: European Periphery and its Centres (Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries)”, and by the European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa, which is carried out by Foundation Archimedes. -
Religion Gb.Indd, Page 1-226 @ Pdfready 2
Religion and Politics in Pre-Modern and Modern Cultures Cluster of Excellence Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Schlossplatz 2, 48149 Münster Telefon: +49 (251) 83-0 Cluster of Excellence Religion and Politics in Pre-Modern and Modern Cultures Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität WWU Münster Funding Period 01.11.2007 – 31.10.2012 Proposal Cluster of Excellence Religion and Politics Proposal for the Establishment and Funding of the Cluster of Excellence "Religion und Politik in den Kulturen der Vormoderne und der Moderne" "Religion and Politics in Pre-Modern and Modern Cultures" Host university: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität / WWU Münster Rector of the host university: Coordinator of the cluster of excellence: Prof. Dr. Ursula Nelles Prof. Dr. Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger Schlossplatz 2 Historisches Seminar 48149 Münster Domplatz 20-22 48143 Münster Phone: +49 (251) 8322211 Phone: +49 (251) 8324315 Fax: +49 (251) 8322125 Fax: +49 (251) 8324332 E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Münster, April 12, 2007 Münster, April 12, 2007 Prof. Dr. Ursula Nelles Prof. Dr. Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger Rector Coordinator I Proposal Cluster of Excellence Religion and Politics 1 General Information about the Cluster of Excellence Principal Investigators Surname, first name, acad. Year Institute Research title of area birth Albertz, Rainer, Prof. Dr. theol. 1943 Old Testament C, D Althoff, Gerd, Prof. Dr. phil. 1943 Medieval History A, B, D Basu, Helene, Prof. Dr. phil. 1954 Ethnology (Social B, C Anthropology) Bauer, Thomas, Prof. Dr. phil. 1961 Arabic and Islamic Studies A, B Berges, Ulrich, Prof. Dr. theol. 1958 Contemporary and Religious D History of the Old Testament Freitag, Werner, Prof. -
Evidence of the Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art
Ojārs Spārītis EVIDENCE OF THE REFORMATION AND CONFESSIONALIZATION PerIOD IN LIVONIAN ArT INTRODUCTION The singular transitional period that led from the slowly evolving me- dieval vision of the world to a new perception of life with its dynamic expression in works of history and art history texts has been given labels that reflect its chronological evolution, as well as the epithets referring to its philosophical and aesthetic content. To illustrate the variety of the social and spiritual aspects of European spiritual life in the second half of the 15th and the 16th century, literature in the humanitarian spheres exploited concepts from the Renaissance, the Reformation and Counter- Reformation. Concepts of both humanism and hedonism were used to characterize the domestic cultural content and form. However, they fail to reveal the development of the new historical period and contradic- tion-rich diversity of the material and spiritual life in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the growing dominance of economic expansion and the endeavours to acquire new knowledge along with the awareness of the tangible benefits and spiritual advantages of a university education was so characteristic of European culture. The history of spiritual evolution, with the variations related to the Reformation and confessionalization, is characterised by local regional contexts and forms of expression, but it also has a mandatory syn- chronicity with the processes of European political and intellectual life. Looking forward to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation initi- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/BJAH.2015.9.03 24 Ojārs Spārītis Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art 25 ated by Martin Luther, it is worth examining the Renaissance-marked – the Teutonic Order and the bishops – used both political and spiritual fine arts testimonies from the central part of the Livonian confedera- methods in their battle for economic power in Riga. -
Ühe Baltisaksa Ajalookirjutuse Paradigma Kriitika
Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2013, 1 (143), 29–54 “Kõige selgem õiguslik järjepidevus valitses Eestimaa kubermangus.” Ühe baltisaksa ajalookirjutuse paradigma kriitika Andres Andresen Kogu baltisaksa seisuste elukorraldus Vene impeeriumi Läänemerepro- vintsides tugines seisuslikule omavalitsusele. Juba keskaegsel Vana-Lii- vimaal alguse saanud ning seejärel Poola ja Rootsi ülemvõimu all selge- piirilise institutsionaalse kuju omandanud rüütelkondade ning linnade omavalitsus saavutas oma maksimaalse ulatuse Vene tsaaride ülemvalit- suse algus perioodil. Vene pool fikseeris Eesti- ja Liivimaa seisuste oma- valitsusõigused koos teiste ulatuslike privileegidega kõigepealt Põhjasõja ajal 1710. aasta võimuvahetuse käigus rüütelkondade ja linnadega sõlmitud kapitulatsioonides ning seejärel 1721. aasta Uusikaupunki rahulepingus, nendele eesõigustele andis oma kinnituse Peeter I ja tema järel ka valdav enamus enne Aleksander III valitsenud Vene monarhidest. Poola kolmanda jagamise käigus 1795. aastal läksid Vene valitsuse alla Kuramaa ja Piltene, kus 19. sajandi algupoolel oli samuti maksvel rüütelkondlik omavalitsus. Baltisaksa historiograafia ajalugu käsitleva kogumiku sissejuhatuses kir- jutab raamatu väljaandja Georg von Rauch, et baltisaksa ajalookirjutuse jaoks on seisuslik omavalitsus uusaja perioodi osas kõige kesksemaks uuri- misprobleemiks: “Dagegen steht das Prinzip der Autonomie der Stände und des Landes, sowohl in der Wirklichkeit als Politikum als auch als geschichtlicher Gegenstand, im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit. Das Privilegium Sigis- mundi -
Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony
he collection of essays presented in “Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Gaul, Jerusalem, and Saxony” investigates test case witnesses of TChristian devotion and patronage from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, set in and between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, as well as Gaul and the regions north of the Alps. Devotional practice and love of God refer to people – mostly from the lay and religious elite –, ideas, copies of texts, images, and material objects, such as relics and reliquaries. The wide geographic borders and time span are used here to illustrate a broad picture composed around questions of worship, identity, reli- gious affiliation and gender. Among the diversity of cases, the studies presented in this volume exemplify recurring themes, which occupied the Christian believer, such as the veneration of the Cross, translation of architecture, pilgrimage and patronage, emergence of iconography and devotional patterns. These essays are representing the research results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the histori- an Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. This project was running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program and financed by the State of Lower Saxony. Devotional Cross-Roads Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Röckelein/Noga-Banai/Pinchover Devotional Cross-Roads ISBN 978-3-86395-372-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover (Eds.) Devotional Cross-Roads This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
101 Biograafiat-2021-June.Pdf
101 BIOGRAPHIES The 14th Riigikogu June 17, 2021 Tallinn 2021 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu / Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Marge Allandi, Rita Hillermaa and Piret Pärgma / Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigi- kogu / Estonian edition edited by Gerli Randjärv, English edition by Piret Pärgma / Cover by Tuuli Aule / Layout by Margit Plink / Photos by Erik Peinar ISSN 2674-3205 Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS Members of the 14th Riigikogu 3 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 120 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 124 List of Riigikogus 148 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 149 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 Members MEMBERS OF Merry Aart Uno Kaskpeit Kristen Michal Erki Savisaar THE 14TH RIIGIKOGU Annely Akkermann Erkki Keldo Marko Mihkelson Helir-Valdor Seeder Yoko Alender Kert Kingo Madis Milling Andrus Seeme Tiiu Aro Signe Kivi Aadu Must Sven Sester Riho Breivel Toomas Kivimägi Eduard Odinets Priit Sibul Dmitri Dmitrijev Aivar Kokk Jevgeni Ossinovski Riina Sikkut Ivi Eenmaa Rene Kokk Ivari Padar Imre Sooäär Enn Eesmaa Mihhail Korb Hanno Pevkur Mihhail Stalnuhhin Peeter Ernits Andrei Korobeinik Heljo Pikhof Timo Suslov Hele Everaus Siret Kotka Õnne Pillak Margit Sutrop Kalle Grünthal Heiki Kranich Siim Pohlak Aivar Sõerd Helle-Moonika Helme Igor Kravtšenko Kristina Šmigun-Vähi Anti Poolamets Mart Helme Eerik-Niiles Kross