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Biyosidal Uygulamalarinda Mesul Müdürlük Eğitimi Ders Notlari Kitabi

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Biyosidal Uygulamalarinda Mesul Müdürlük Eğitimi Ders Notlari Kitabi BİYOSİDAL UYGULAMALARINDA MESUL MÜDÜRLÜK EĞİTİMİ DERS NOTLARI KİTABI ÇEVRE SAĞLIĞI DAİRE BAŞKANLIĞI ARALIK 2019 SUNUŞ Biyosidal ürün: Sadece fiziksel ya da mekanik etkilerle değil, diğer başka yollarla herhangi bir zararlı organizmayı yok etme, uzaklaştırma, zararsız hale getirme ya da zararlı organizmanın etkisini önleme, üzerinde kontrol edici bir etki oluşturma amacıyla kullanılacak ve kullanıcıya sunulduğu haliyle bir ya da daha fazla aktif madde içeren, barındıran ya da bunların bileşiminden oluşturulan herhangi bir madde ya da karışımı veya madde ya da karışımlardan yerinde üretilen herhangi bir madde ya da karışımı veya ana işlevi biyosidal olan işlenmiş eşyayı ifade etmektedir. Bu ürünler her ne kadar insanlar için zararlı organizmalarla mücadele amacıyla kullanılıyor ise de; insan, hayvan ve çevre açısından toksik etkileri olabilecek, uygulanması esnasında gerekli önlemlerin mutlaka alınması gereken ürünlerdir. Biyosidal ürünler uygun kullanılmaz ise kanser, üreme sistemi ve fertilite sorunları, doğum anomalileri, endokrin bozukluklar ve nörolojik hasarlara neden olurlar. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO), bu ürünlerden kaynaklı üç milyondan fazla akut zehirlenme olduğunu ve bunların da yaklaşık yirmi bin kadarının ölümle sonuçlandığını, benzer şekilde dünyada iki milyondan fazla intihar olayında kullanıldıklarını ve bunların yüzde on kadarının ölümle sonuçlandığını ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda biyosidal ürün uygulayıcılarının daha donanımlı ve yaptıkları işin ciddiyetinin farkında olan uzman kişilerle uygulanmasını ve kontrol edilmesini sağlamak amacıyla “Mesul Müdür Eğitimleri” yapılmaktadır. İlgili mevzuat ile eğitim içeriği ve süreci, katılımcı nitelikleri ile eğitime ilişkin diğer hususlar ayrıntılı bir şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Bu eğitimlerde anlatılan konulara yönelik alanında uzman akademisyenlerce ve Genel Müdürlüğümüz uzmanlarınca hazırlanan bu doküman eğitim alanlar için iş hayatları süresince de kullanacakları bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada emeği geçen değerli akademisyenlerimize ve Genel Müdürlük personeline teşekkür ederiz. Doç. Dr. Fatih KARA Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürü 2 YAZARLAR Prof. Dr. Cumhur ÇÖKMÜŞ Prof. Dr.Yalçın DUYDU Prof. Dr. Nurşen BAŞARAN Prof. Dr. Hüseyin ÇETİN Prof. Dr. Orkun Barış KOVANCI Prof. Dr. Zati VATANSEVER Daire Başkanı Tuncay ÖZER Daire Başkanı Halil ŞEN Daire Başkanı Dr Seher TOPLUOĞLU Dr. Yalçın ÜNSAL Dr. Halim DORUK Dr. Galip ŞEF Dr. Abdullah YILMAZ Araştırmacı Zinnet OĞUZ Kimya Müh. Saadet ODACI Kimyager Sevda YÜKSEL Çevre Müh. Fırat COŞKUN Çevre Müh. Hacı DENİZ Biyolog Sevinç ERTAŞ Dizgi İçin; Cengiz TOMAÇ E-Kitap için; Görkem ÖZÇELİK TEŞEKKÜRLER 3 İÇİNDEKİLER 1. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN KULLANIM USUL VE ESASLARI HAKKINDA YÖNETMELİK ................. 5 2. DEZENFEKTANLAR VE UYGULAMALARI .......................................................................................28 3. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜN ETİKETLERİ VE ÜRÜN TİPLERİ .........................................................................34 4. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN FORMÜLASYON ŞEKİLLERİ ....................................................................42 5. GENEL ENTOMOLOJİ .........................................................................................................................52 6. GENEL MİKROBİYOLOJİ ....................................................................................................................72 7. TOKSİKOLOJİDE GENEL KAVRAMLAR ............................................................................................90 8. LARVASİT UYGULAMALARI...........................................................................................................106 9. SİVRİSİNEKLERİN BİYOLOJİLERİ, EKOLOJİLERİ VE MÜCADELELERİ ......................................112 10. YAKARCALAR (TATARCIKLAR - KUM SİNEKLERİ) ......................................................................126 11. EV SİNEĞİ-KARASİNEK (MUSCA DOMESTİCA L.) ...........................................................................130 12. HAMAMBÖCEKLERİ ........................................................................................................................136 13. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN KAPALI ALANLARDA UYGULANMASI ................................................143 14. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI VE AMBALAJLANMASI .....................................147 15. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN DEPOLANMASI, TAŞINMASI, KULLANIMI VE KİŞİSEL KORUYUCU DONANIM .........................................................................................................................................188 16. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERDEN KAYNAKLANAN ATIKLARIN YÖNETİMİ ...........................................198 17. DOZ HESAPLAMA VE KALİBRASYON ............................................................................................205 18. BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN ÇEVRE VE HALK SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ (*) ..............................207 19. RODENTİSİTLER ...............................................................................................................................216 20. KENELERİN BİYOLOJİLERİ, BULAŞTIRDIKLARI HASTALIKLAR VE SAVAŞIM YÖNTEMLERİ .221 21. DİĞER HALK SAĞLIĞI ZARARLILARI ............................................................................................228 22. AKUT ZEHİRLENMELERDE İLK YARDIM, ANTİDOTLAR, TAŞIMA TEKNİLERİ ..........................240 23. KRONİK ZEHİRLENMELER ..............................................................................................................281 24. HAŞERE MÜCADELESİ, KULLANILAN ALET VE MAKİNALAR VE UYGULAMA YÖN. ...............292 25. TOPLUMSAL AMAÇLI İÇME KULLANMA SUYU DEPO TEMİZLİĞİ VE DEZENFEKSİYONU .......325 26. BAKANLIĞIMIZIN VEKTÖRLERLE BULAŞAN HASTALIKLARDA KONTROL STRATEJİSİ .........333 4 BİYOSİDAL ÜRÜNLERİN KULLANIM USUL VE ESASLARI HAKKINDA YÖNETMELİK Avukat Halil ŞEN Halk SağlığıGenel Müdürlüğü Hukuk ve Mevzuat Dairesi Başkanı BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Amaç, Kapsam, Dayanak ve Tanımlar Amaç MADDE 1 – (1) Bu Yönetmelik, halk sağlığı alanında halk sağlığını ve huzurunu bozan zararlılara karşı biyosidal ürün kullanarak mücadele etmek isteyen gerçek ve tüzel kişilere ait iş yerlerinin çalışma usul ve esasları ile kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının uygulama usul ve esaslarını belirlemek suretiyle halk sağlığının korunması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Kapsam MADDE 2 – (1) Bu Yönetmelik, halk sağlığı alanında biyosidal ürün kullanılarak zararlılar ile mücadele etmek isteyen gerçek, tüzel kişiler ve bunların iş yerleri ile kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının izin alma şekil ve şartlarını, çalışma usul ve esaslarını, denetimlerini ve çalışan personeli kapsar. (2) Bakanlıkça halkın genel kullanımı için izin verilen biyosidal ürünlerle yapılan bireysel uygulamalar bu Yönetmelik kapsamı dışındadır. Dayanak MADDE 3 – (1) 10/7/2018 tarihli ve 30474 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan 1 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Teşkilatı Hakkında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesinin 361 inci maddesinin birinci fıkrasının (d) bendi ve 508 inci maddesine dayanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Tanımlar MADDE 4 – (1) Bu Yönetmelikte geçen; a) Alet ve cihaz: Uygulamada kullanılan nakil araçları da dahil olmak üzere motorlu, motorsuz, sabit veya seyyar her çeşit alet, araç ve makine ile bunların çalıştırılması için gerekli malzemeleri, b) Bakanlık: Sağlık Bakanlığını, c) Biyosidal ürün: Bir veya birden fazla aktif madde içeren, kullanıma hazır halde satışa sunulmuş, kimyasal veya biyolojik açıdan herhangi bir hedef organizma üzerinde kontrol edici etki gösteren veya hareketini kısıtlayan, zararsız kılan, yok eden aktif madde ve preparatları, ç) Eğitilmiş profesyonel kullanıcı: Biyosidal ürün uygulayıcılarına yönelik mesul müdür eğitimi veya uygulayıcı eğitimine katılarak sertifika almaya hak kazanan kişiyi, d) Elektronik ortam: Biyosidal ürün uygulama iş yerlerinin kayıtlarının ve uygulama girişlerinin yapıldığı elektronik sistemi, e) Eğitim veren kuruluş: Bakanlıkça uygulayıcı eğitimi için yeterliliği tespit edilerek belgelendirilmiş kurum ve kuruluşları, f) Ekip: Zararlı mücadelesini fiilen yapan ekip sorumlusu ile uygulayıcıdan oluşan en az iki, en fazla on kişiyi, g) Ekip sorumlusu: Biyosidal ürün uygulama sertifikasına sahip olanlar arasından 9 uncu maddede belirtilen meslek gruplarından birine sahip veya lise mezunu olup bu alanda en az 3 yıl uygulama tecrübesi olan uygulama ekibinin başında bulunan kişiyi, ğ) Genel Müdürlük: Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğünü, h) Gereç: Ürün hazırlama ve ürün uygulamada kullanılan su kapları, içerisinde hazırlama kapları, nakil kapları, su tulumbaları, çadır, örtü, koruyucu elbiseler, maskeler, lastik veya kauçuk eldivenler, çizmeler, gözlük siperler gibi koruyucu malzemeyi, ı) Halk sağlığı alanı: Ev, otel, okul, hastane, iş yeri, üretim yeri, fabrika benzeri; halkın yemesi, içmesi, eğlenmesi, spor yapması gibi insan yerleşim ve çalışma yerleri ve gündelik yaşamıyla ilgili fiziki mekânlar ve çevreyi, i) İzin: Biyosidal ürünleri kullanarak zararlılarla mücadele etmek isteyenlere verilen belgeyi, 5 j) Mesul müdür: Hekim, veteriner hekim, eczacı, kimyager, mühendis (kimya, ziraat, çevre, gıda, su ürünleri, tütün teknolojisi), biyoloji alanında lisans veya entomoloji, toksikoloji alanında yüksek lisans veyahut doktora diplomasına sahip olup, Bakanlıktan sertifika almaya hak kazanan kişiyi, k) Müdürlük: İl Sağlık Müdürlüğünü, l) Sağlık teşkilatı: Bakanlık merkez ve taşra teşkilatını, m) Uygulama: Halk sağlığı alanında kullanılan biyosidal ürünlerle yapılan zararlı mücadelesini, n) Uygulayıcı: Halk sağlığı alanında kullanılan biyosidal ürünlerle yapılan zararlı mücadelesini fiilen yapan kişiyi, o)
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