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Mass Transportation in Massachusetts : Final Report on a Mass

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Mass Transportation in Massachusetts : Final Report on a Mass The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Mass Transportation Commission John L. Saltonstall, Jr. Chairman, Mass Transportation Commission Ephraim A. Brest Chairman, Massachusetts Port Authority William F. Callahan Chairman, Massachusetts Turnpike Authority Thomas F. Carty Commissioner, Traffic and Parking Commision of the City of Boston James D. Fitzgerald Commissioner, Department of Public Works William J. Fitzgerald Chairman, Metropolitan Transit Authority Robert F. Murphy Commissioner, Metropolitan District Commission Robert G. Davidson Joseph R. Dragone Michael J. Gormley Robert G. Henderson Former Chairmen Anthony DiNatale ... July '59 - August '60 '61 Anthony Pompeo .. September '60 - July Daniel Tyler, Jr July '61 - August '62 Robert G. Henderson August '62 - February '64 Former Members Daniel A. Benson July '59 - July '61 Philip G. Bowker July '59 - May '60 Miss Lucy Carra November '60 - January '64 Anthony DiNatale July '59 - August '60 William T. Doyle July '59 - December '59 Harold Finn July '59 - July '62 '61 Thomas J. Griffin January '60 - July John E. Maloney July '59 - October '60 Cornelius W. Phillips, Jr July '59 - November '60 Anthony Pompeo July '59 - July '61 Jack P. Ricciardi August '60 - December '63 Daniel Tyler, Jr July '61 - June '63 Mass Transportation > / In Massachusetts / i Final Report on a Mass Transportation Demonstration Project Prepared under the direction of Dr. Joseph F. Maloney for the Mass Transportation Commission Commonwealth Of Massachusetts Based on Materials Developed by the Mass Transportation Commission Staff and McKinsey & Company, Inc., Systems Analysis and Research Corporation, Joseph Napolitan Associates, Inc., Consultants to the Commission July 1964 The preparation of this Publication has been financed in part through a mass transportation demonstration grant from the U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency under the provisions of Section 103 ( b ) of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended by Section 303 of the Housing Act of 1961. BOSTON PUBLIC LlbKAKl MTC Staff Dr. Joseph F. Maloney Executive Director November 1960-April 1964 Special Consultant April 1964-June 1964 John J. Coffey , Executive Director April 1964- Special Legal Counsel December 1961-April 1964 Frank M. Leonardi, Jr Head Administrative Assistant /VEROf^CA B. Dixon Senior Clerk-Stenographer Demonstration Project Staff l|. ^ JV| ^ Thomas E. Kristopeit Acting Planning Coordinator Ernest K. Bloss Senior Project Officer for Railroad Lloyd R. Higgs Senior Project Officer for MTA and Bus Gordon H. Fay Acting Project Officer — Transportation Ann Wood Project Officer for Community Relations Edmund I. Mangini, Jr Fiscal Officer James F. Ross Senior Project Officer for Legal Administration William E. Griswold Associate Project Officer James M. Geary Associate Project Officer Richard Chmielinski Associate Project Officer for Community Relations Chester B. Cwalina Associate Project Officer Raymond C. Cacciatore Senior Transportation Analyst Robert E. Lee Transportation Analyst Edward L. Hefron Transportation Analyst Norman G. Crafts Assistant Project Officer Philip R. Giovannello Assistant Project Officer Donald J. McGoldrick Assistant Project Officer Edward J. Moynihan Assistant Project Officer Richard B. Scanlon Assistant Project Officer Helen Chin Assistant to Planning Coordinator Alice M. Straleau Senior Executive Aide Mary F. Coughlin Executive Aide Louise Buckley Administrative Aide Anna D'Angelo Administrative Aide Nancy Gurry Administrative Aide Frances Miller Administrative Aide Laurelle M. Embry Junior Administrative Aide Donna Lee Unana Junior Clerk Stenographer Georgia Matthew Junior Clerk Stenographer Stephen Brockman Associate Project Officer (Liaison) March 1963-March 1964 Helen Gallagher Administrative Aide December 1962-September 1963 Ellen Morgan Administrative Aide September 1963-February 1964 Harold A. Budreau Special Consultant Edward Dana Special Consultant Philip D. Jonas Special Consultant /a S-Uif TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Page No. SUMMARY 1 Ill New Haven Railroad 38 A Purpose of Experiment 38 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND 5 B Description of Experiments 40 I Background 5 1 Phase One (March-July 1963) 10 A The Mass Transportation Commission 5 a Service 40 B Purposes of the MTC Demonstration Project 6 b Fare 40 C Public Awareness of MTC Demonstration 2 Phase Two (August 1963-March 1964) .... 40 Project 7 a Service 40 b Fare 40 CHAPTER TWO: REGIONAL SETTING 10 C Results of Experiment 40 I Boston Regional Setting 10 1 Phase One 40 A Population 10 a Line Totals 40 1 General Trends 10 b Passenger Characteristics 40 2 Central City Population Trends 12 c Revenue Analysis 42 B Land Use 14 2 Phase Two 43 1 Historical Development 14 a Line Totals 43 2 Present Pattern 14 b Revenue Analysis 43 a Open Character 14 IV New York Central Railroad 43 b Directions of Urban Growth 14 V Findings 44 c Dominance by the Core 14 CHAPTER FOUR: RAIL COST ANALYSIS 45 C Economic Base 14 D Highways 18 I Commuter Railroad Service Costs 45 E Other SMSA's in Massachusetts 22 A Costs of B&M Experiments 45 II History of Mass Transit 23 1 Start-up Costs 45 A Piecemeal Growth 23 2 Incremental Costs 46 B Trend from Private to Public Ownership .... 24 B Costs of New Haven Experiment 47 C Effects on Regional Structure and Growth .... 24 1 Start-up Costs : 47 2 Incremental Costs 47 CHAPTER THREE: RAIL EXPERIMENTS 26 C Passenger Service Deficits 47 I Negotiation of Carrier Contracts 26 1 Avoidable Costs 47 II Boston and Maine Railroad 27 2 General Approach 48 A Purpose 27 a Data Sources 48 B Description of Experiments 27 b Facilities Modifications 49 1 Phase One (January-July 1963) 27 c Averages and Standards 49 a Service 27 d Costing Techniques 49 b Fare 27 3 Development of B&M Revenues and Costs 50 2 Phase Two (August-December 1963) 28 4 Development of New Haven Revenues and 3 Phase Three (January-March 1964) 28 Costs 53 C Results of Experiment 32 5 NYC-Boston Commuter Service 55 1 Phase One 32 II Cost Variability Model 56 a System Totals 32 A Approach 56 b Line Totals 32 B Cost Prediction Model 56 c Passenger Characteristics 32 III Findings 58 d Revenue Analysis 35 A B&M Passenger Service Deficit 58 2 Phase Two 35 B New Haven Passenger Service Deficit 58 a System Totals 35 C General Findings 59 b Line Totals 35 FIVE : 60 c Revenue Analysis 36 CHAPTER BUS COMPANY EXPERIMENTS 3 Phase Three 37 I Negotiation of Carrier Contracts 60 a System Totals 37 A General Background 60 b Line Totals 37 B Contract Price 60 c Revenue Analysis 37 1 Service Increases 61 Page No. Page No. 2 Fare Reductions 61 2 Results 69 C MTC Monitoring of Carrier Performance .... 61 IV Feeder Service 69 II Suburban Service to Boston 61 A Maiden-Revere (Service Bus Lines, Inc.) .... 69 Milford-Boston (The Short Line, Inc.) 61 A 1 Description 69 Description 61 1 a Physical Setting 69 61 a Physical Setting b Purpose 69 Purpose 61 b c Experimental Changes 69 64 c Experimental Changes 2 Results 70 61 2 Results 3 Post Experimental Results 70 3 Post Experiment Results 64 B Topsfield-Salem (Eastern Massachusetts B Reduced Fare North of Boston (Eastern Street Railway Company) 70 Massachusetts Street Company) 64 Railway 1 Description 70 1 Description 64 a Physical Setting 70 a Physical Setting 64 b Purpose 70 b Purpose 64 c Experimental Changes 70 c Experimental Changes 64 2 Results 70 2 Results 64 C Wakefield-Lynn (Lynnfield Community, Inc.) 70 C Lawrence-Boston Express Service (Eastern 1 Description 70 Massachusetts Street Railway Company) 66 a Physical Setting 70 1 Description 66 b Purpose 72 a Physical Setting 66 c Experimental Changes 72 b Purpose 66 2 Results 72 2 Results 67 D Stoughton, Route No. 128 New Haven 3 Post Experimental Results 67 Railroad Station (Brush Hill Transportation III Suburban Service to Small Urban Areas 67 Company, Inc.) 72 A Uxbridge- Worcester (The Short Line, Inc.) 67 1 Description 72 1 Description 67 a Physical Setting 72 a Physical Setting 67 b Purpose 72 b Purpose 67 c Experimental Changes 72 c Experimental Changes 67 2 Results 73 2 Results 67 E Amesbury-Newburyport State Street 3 Post Experiment Results 67 Extension (Massachusetts Northeastern B Adams-North Adams-Williamstown Transportation Company) 73 (Berkshire Street Railway Company 1 Description 73 and Yellow Coach Lines, Inc.) 67 a Physical Setting 73 1 Description 67 b Purpose 73 a Physical Setting 67 c Experimental Changes 73 b Purpose 68 2 Results 73 c Experimental Changes 67 V Local Service in Small Urban Areas 73 2 Results 68 A Pittsfield: Park Square-Green Ridge Housing 3 Post Experiment Results 68 Development (Berkshire Street Railway C Worcester-Rutland ( Barre Bus Line, Inc. ) .... 68 Company and Yellow Coach Lines, Inc.) .... 73 1 Description 68 1 Description 73 a Physical Setting 68 a Physical Setting 73 b Purpose 68 b Purpose 74 c Experimental Changes 68 c Experimental Changes 74 2 Results 68 2 Results 74 D Fitchburg to Lunenburg, Townsend and B Pittsfield: Park Sq.-Wilson Park (Waconah) Ashby (Fitchburg and Leominster Housing Project (Berkshire Street Railway Street Railway Company) 69 Company and Yellow Coach Lines, Inc.) .... 74 1 Description 69 1 Description 74 a Physical Setting 69 a Physical Setting 74 b Purpose 69 b Purpose 74 c Experimental Changes 69 c Experimental Changes 74 i i Page No. Page No. 2 Results 74 b Purpose 80 3 Post Experimental Results 75 c Experimental Changes 80 C Pittsfield: Park Sq. -Francis Plaza Housing 2 Results 80 Project (Berkshire Street Railway Company B Fitchburg - Local Industrial Plants and Yellow Coach Lines, Inc.) 75 (Fitchburg and Leominster Street
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