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The Sociological Critique of American Sociology, 1960-1978: Its Shortcomings and Its Promise

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The Sociological Critique of American Sociology, 1960-1978: Its Shortcomings and Its Promise University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1981 THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1960-1978: ITS SHORTCOMINGS AND ITS PROMISE GERALD ALLEN GINOCCHIO Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation GINOCCHIO, GERALD ALLEN, "THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1960-1978: ITS SHORTCOMINGS AND ITS PROMISE" (1981). Doctoral Dissertations. 1292. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1292 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality o f the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the materia! being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB RD., ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 8129266 G in o c c h io, G e r a l d A l l e n THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1960-1978: ITS SHORTCOMINGS AND ITS PROMISE University of New Hampshire PH.D. 1981 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. x Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark / . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_____ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages_____ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine ,/ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s) _____lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)_____seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages . 15. Other ___________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1960-1978: ITS SHORTCOMINGS AND ITS PROMISE BY Gerald Ginocchio B.S., University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, 1974 M.A., University of New Hampshire, 1976 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology May, 1981 This dissertation has been examined and approved. Dissertation director, Melvin Bobick Professor of Sociology _______________________ Walter Buckley, P/ofessor of Sociology Richard Dewey, Profes/or of Sociology R. Valentine Dusek, Asst. Professor of Philos ophy David R. Wrone, Assoc. Professor of History University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Date £ TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................... v CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................... 1 (1) Origin and Major Manifestations of the Sociological Critique of AmericanSociology ...... 3 (2) Precursors of the Sociological Critique of American Sociology ................................ 18 (3) Summary and Outline of Chapters to Follow ........ 42 NOTES .................................................... 46 CHAPTER II: SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY ...... 51 (1) Project Camelot: The Initiation of the Debate over the Proper Relationship Between Sociological Research and Social Policy ........................ 51 (2) The Power of Sociological Research ................ 59 (3) The Question of the Adequacy of Sociological Research ........................................... 69 (4) The Essential Weakness of the Argument for Increased Autonomy ................................ 76 (5) The Inflation of the Power of Sociological Research ........................................... 80 NOTES .................................................... 83 CHAPTER III: "LET'S BE HONEST": THE VALUE QUESTION IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY ....................... 89 (1) Max Weber's "Science as a Vocation" as the Key to the Debate Concerning the Value Question in Contemporary Sociology ............................ 89 (2) Origin and Nature of the Criticism of the Doctrine of Value Neutrality ...................... 98 (3) The Basic Solution to the Problem of Values in Sociological Work: "Let's Be Honest" ............. 109 (4) Advocating the Adoption of a Particular Value Commitment as an Alternative Solution to the Problem of Values in Sociology .................... 115 (5) Philosophical Considerations of the Problem of Values in Sociology: The Need for an Objective Base for Value ..................................... 124 NOTES .................................................... 138 CHAPTER IV: THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIETY ........................................ 145 (1) Origin and Nature of the Basic Value Commitment of Critical Sociologists .......................... 145 (2) Domination of the Individual in Mainstream Sociological Thought ...............................152 (3) The "Endless Dialectic" ............................164 NOTES .................................................... 171 CHAPTER V: ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF SOCIETY .............175 (1) Introduction ............................. 175 (2) The Alternative Conception of Society Implicit in the Criticism of Functionalism .................178 iii (3) The Phenomenological-Existential Alternative 183 (4) The Marxian Alternative to MainstreamSociology.. 186 (5) The Marx-Weber-Mead Alternative.................. 189 (6) The Structuralist Alternative.................... 191 (7) An Alternative to the Conceptions of Society Held by 3oth Critical and Mainstream Sociologists 194 NOTES..................................................... 198 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION..................................... 201 NOTES..................................................... 215 3I3LI0GRAPHY.................................... 216 iv ABSTRACT THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY, 1960-1978: ITS SHORTCOMINGS AND ITS PROMISE by GERALD GINOCCHIO University of New Hampshire, May, 1981 This dissertation represents an attempt to explicate and critically analyze an important movement in contemporary American sociology. This movement, which I am calling the sociological critique of American sociology, aimed to change predominant trends in American sociology. Basic tenets of sociological practice were called into question, such as the principle of value neutrality, an empirical methodology, and a functionalist theoretical framework. The goal of this critical movement was to bring about a more significant sociology, a sociology which would lead the way to the realization of a more humane social order. In general, however, the criticisms offered by these critical sociologists represent no significant advance over "mainstream" sociology. The lack of depth in their criti­ cism, it is argued, relates to an unwillingness to address underlying philosophical questions, such as the validity of a subjective view of value. In this context, the suggestion of a more significant direction for this criticism and for a more significant sociology is seen to lie in philosophical argu­ ments put forth by principal members of the Frankfurt School and by a twentieth-century American philosopher, Elijah Jordan. - v - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The history of sociology, as is the case in
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