Modelling Communities and Populations: an Introduction to Computational Social Science
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From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling1
From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling1 Michael W. Macy Robert Willer Cornell University August, 2001 Contents: 73 citations (2.5 published pages), 1 figure (1 page), 8522 main-text words (19.5 published pages) Total length: 23 published pages 1 The first author expresses gratitude to the National Science Foundation (SES-0079381) for support during the period in which this review was written. We also thank James Kitts, Andreas Flache, and Noah Mark for helpful comments and suggestions. From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling Introduction: Agent-Based Models and Self-Organizing Group Processes Consider a flock of geese flying in tight formation. Collectively, they form the image of a giant delta-shaped bird that moves as purposively as if it were a single organism. Yet the flock has no “group mind” nor is there a “leader bird” choreographing the formation (Resnick 1994). Rather, each bird reacts to the movement of its immediate neighbors who in turn react to it. The result is the graceful dance-like movement of the flock whose hypnotic rhythm is clearly patterned yet also highly non-linear. If we tried to model the global elegance of the flock, the task would be immensely difficult because of the extreme complexity in its movement. Yet the task turns out to be remarkably easy if instead we model the dynamics of local interaction. This was demonstrated by Craig Reynolds (1987) when he modeled the movement of a population of artificial “boids” based on three simple rules: • Separation: Don't get too close to any object, including other boids. -
Westminsterresearch Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science Anzola, D., Barbrook-Johnson, P., Salgado, M. and Gilbert, N
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science Anzola, D., Barbrook-Johnson, P., Salgado, M. and Gilbert, N. This is a copy of the final version of a copy published in: Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy, Springer, pp. 59-69. ISBN 9783319424224 Available from the publisher, Springer via: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42424-8_4 © The Author(s) 2017. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science David Anzola, Peter Barbrook-Johnson, Mauricio Salgado, and Nigel Gilbert Abstract This chapter addresses the relationship between sociology and Non- Equilibrium Social Science (NESS). Sociology is a multiparadigmatic discipline with significant disagreement regarding its goals and status as a scientific discipline. Different theories and methods coexist temporally and geographically. -
Centennial Bibliography on the History of American Sociology
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sociology Department, Faculty Publications Sociology, Department of 2005 Centennial Bibliography On The iH story Of American Sociology Michael R. Hill [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons Hill, Michael R., "Centennial Bibliography On The iH story Of American Sociology" (2005). Sociology Department, Faculty Publications. 348. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub/348 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Department, Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Hill, Michael R., (Compiler). 2005. Centennial Bibliography of the History of American Sociology. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. CENTENNIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY Compiled by MICHAEL R. HILL Editor, Sociological Origins In consultation with the Centennial Bibliography Committee of the American Sociological Association Section on the History of Sociology: Brian P. Conway, Michael R. Hill (co-chair), Susan Hoecker-Drysdale (ex-officio), Jack Nusan Porter (co-chair), Pamela A. Roby, Kathleen Slobin, and Roberta Spalter-Roth. © 2005 American Sociological Association Washington, DC TABLE OF CONTENTS Note: Each part is separately paginated, with the number of pages in each part as indicated below in square brackets. The total page count for the entire file is 224 pages. To navigate within the document, please use navigation arrows and the Bookmark feature provided by Adobe Acrobat Reader.® Users may search this document by utilizing the “Find” command (typically located under the “Edit” tab on the Adobe Acrobat toolbar). -
Transpersonal Sociology: Origins, Development, and Theory Ryan Rominger Sofia University
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 32 | Issue 2 Article 5 7-1-2013 Transpersonal Sociology: Origins, Development, and Theory Ryan Rominger Sofia University Harris L. Friedman University of Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, Religion Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Rominger, R., & Friedman, H. L. (2013). Rominger, R., & Freidman, H. (2013). Transpersonal sociology: Origins, development, and theory. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 32(2), 17–33.. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 32 (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2013.32.2.17 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Special Topic Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Transpersonal Sociology: Origins, Development, and Theory Ryan Rominger1 Harris Friedman Sofia University University of Florida Palo Alto, CA, USA Gainesville, FL, USA Transpersonal theory formally developed within psychology through the initial definition of the field in the publishing of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. However, transpersonal sociology also developed with the Transpersonal Sociology Newsletter, which operated through the middle 1990s. Both disciplines have long histories, while one continues to flourish and the other, comparatively, is languishing. In order to encourage renewed interest in this important area of transpersonal studies, we discuss the history, and further define the field of transpersonal sociology, discuss practical applications of transpersonal sociology, and introduce research approaches that might be of benefit for transpersonal sociological researchers and practitioners. -
Who Is Doing Computational Social Science? Trends in Big Data Research
A SAGE White Paper Who Is Doing Computational Social Science? Trends in Big Data Research Katie Metzler Publisher for SAGE Research Methods, SAGE Publishing David A. Kim Stanford University, Department of Emergency Medicine Nick Allum Professor of Sociology and Research Methodology, University of Essex Angella Denman University of Essex www.sagepublishing.com Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Doing Big Data Research? .....................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Who Want to Engage in Big Data Research in the Future? ...................................................................................1 What Have We Learned About Those Teaching Research Methods? .................................2 Methodology .................................................................................................................2 Analysis .........................................................................................................................2 Challenges Facing Big Data Researchers in the Social Sciences ....................................11 Challenges Facing Educators ............................................................................................16 Barriers to Entry ................................................................................................................16 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................17 -
Predictive Analytics of Social Networks
Predictive Analytics of Social Networks A Survey of Tasks and Techniques Ming Yang, William H. Hsu, Surya Teja Kallumadi Kansas State University Abstract In this article we survey the general problem of analyzing a social network in order to make predictions about its behavior, content, or the systems and phenomena that generated it. First, we begin by defining five basic tasks that can be performed using social networks: (1) link prediction; (2) pathway and community formation; (3) recommendation and decision support; (4) risk analysis, and (5) planning, especially intervention planning based on causal analysis. Next, we discuss frameworks for using predictive analytics, availability of annotation, text associated with (or produced within) a social network, information propagation history (e.g., upvotes and shares), trust and reputation data. Meanwhile, we also review challenges such as imbalanced and partial data, concept drift especially as it manifests within social media, and the need for active learning, online learning, and transfer learning. We then discuss general methodologies for predictive analytics, involving network topology and dynamics, heterogeneous information network analysis, stochastic simulation, and topic modeling using the abovementioned text corpora. We continue by describing applications such as predicting “who will follow whom?” in a social network, making entity-to-entity recommendations (person-to-person, business-to-business aka B2B, consumer-to-business aka C2B, or business-to-consumer aka B2C), and analyzing big data (especially transactional data) for customer relationship management (CRM) applications. Finally, we examine a few specific recommender systems and systems for interaction discovery, as part of brief case studies. 1. Introduction: Prediction in Social Networks Social networks provide a way to anticipate, build, and make use of links, by representating relationships and propagation of phenomena between pairs of entities that can be extended to large-scale dynamical systems. -
THE TENSION BETWEEN HUMANISM and SCIENCE: SOCIOLOGY in the 1980S*
1I t I I THE TENSION BETWEEN HUMANISM AND SCIENCE: SOCIOLOGY IN THE 1980s* Joseph R. Gusfield University ofCalifornia, San Diego Mid-American Review of Sociology, 1980, Vol. V, No.1 :1-14 Although we talk a great deal about prediction as an aim of social science we practitioners of sociological science have never been very successful in peering into the future and seeing what is to be. Yet soothsaying is an ancient if not always honor able profession and I have incautiously rushed in by agreeing to accept the charge of this presentation. To save my rash action from being an empty performance I will try to use the format of crystal gazing as a device within which to raise some questions of theory and method which I believe are both persistent in sociology and reemerging now and in the coming years as central points of intellectual conflict. My theme is the recurrent issue of the image of human behavior and the metaphors or models which we sociologists use to study, understand and explain our subject matter. In my judg ment the two models of a humanistic view of human action and a scientific one have continuously been offered. Each has been drawn from its own tradition, differing from the other in funda mental wa.ys. The Humanistic model has been drawn fro,m .litera tur~, art, philosophy, and history, the scientific. rno_del .fro~ phySICS, biology and. chemistry. Science ·has stressed the deter ministic character of cause-effect relationships and provided a methodology for discovering the operation of laws or proposi tions of human behavior. -
Toward a Humanistic Sociological Theory
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Adelaide Secondary School Students' Participation in Sport and Their
ADELAIDE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND THEIR CULTURAL IDENTITY: A HUMANISTIC SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY By Vegneskumar Maniam B. Physical Education (UPM) M.Ed. (Science & Technology) Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education, Faculty of the Professions, University of Adelaide. Table of Contents List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………...vi List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….vii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….ix Declaration……………………………………………………………………………... xi Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………...xii Chapter 1: Sport and Multiculturalism in Australia 1.1 Introductory Background……………………………………………………………1 1.1.1 Australia as a Sporting Nation…………………………………………...1 1.1.2 Australia as a Multicultural Society……………………………………..2 1.2 Issues in Sports Participation in Australia…………………………………………..3 1.3 The Present Research………………………………………………………………..7 1.3.1 The Research Question…………………………………………………..8 1.3.2 Research Aim and Objectives…………………………………………....8 1.3.3 Research Limitations…………………………………………………….8 1.3.4 Outcomes of the Research……………………………………………….9 1.4 The Researcher in the Study………………………………………………………..10 1.4.1 Malaysian Cultural Experiences………………………………………..10 1.4.2 Australian Cultural Experiences………………………………………..11 1.4.3 Sports Participation and Cultural Influences…………………………...13 1.4.4 Introduction to Humanistic Sociology………………………………….14 1.5 The Thesis Structure……………………………………………………………….15 Chapter 2:Young People‟s Participation in Sport and -
A Conceptual Framework for the Modelling and Simulation of Social Systems
DYNA ISSN: 0012-7353 ISSN: 2346-2183 Universidad Nacional de Colombia A conceptual framework for the modelling and simulation of social systems Awad, Gabriel; Alvarez, Hernán A conceptual framework for the modelling and simulation of social systems DYNA, vol. 87, no. 212, 2020 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49663642023 DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v87n212.83266 PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Artículos A conceptual framework for the modelling and simulation of social systems Un marco conceptual para el modelado y la simulación de sistemas sociales Gabriel Awad a [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Hernán Alvarez b [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Abstract: is paper presents a conceptual framework for the modelling and simulation of properties, interactions and processes of social systems based on computational templates using discrete event system specification (DEVS) formalism and OMG DYNA, vol. 87, no. 212, 2020 Systems Modelling Language (SysML) diagrams. No antecedents of this combination Universidad Nacional de Colombia were found in the literature, and so this is one of the contributions of this paper. Received: 30 October 2019 Additionally, this article explains how the principles and rules of SysML can be applied Revised document received: 24 January to the analysis of social systems. An example of the proposed framework based on a basic 2020 Agent_Zero model is shown. e conceptual framework was built based on a critical Accepted: 10 February 2020 literature review, and included new additional elements to create a complete but simple DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v87n212.83266 conceptual framework. -
The Return to Values in Recent Sociological Theory
PIOTR SZTOMPKA Jagiellonian University The Return to Values in Recent Sociological Theory Abstract: The author reviews two opposite traditional positions on the role of values and value judgements in sociological research and theory: treating values as a bias interfering in research, or treating values as ideology providing privileged access to knowledge. He traces the recent revival of the debate about valuations, focusing particularly on the claims of the so-called “public sociology.” Then the author’s own position is outlined based on the fundamental particularity of the social sciences as contrasted with the natural sciences. The old argument that values do not follow from facts is acknowledged as true in the sense of logical deduction, but in the social sciences we encounter different mechanism of implication, which may be called “sociological syllogism:” values may follow from facts, and facts may imply values because, on the one hand, people act on their axiological beliefs, and human actions constitute social facts, and on the other hand, social facts (e.g. about poverty, inequality, degradation, crime, terrorism) mobilize moral impulses and valuational commitments. In other words values shape meanings of human actions and resulting social facts, and the knowledge of facts acquires valuational meaning by mobilizing human axiological impulses. The strict separation of facts and values does not work in the social sciences; there is a two-directional link between the two. This opens the possibility for “sociological ethics” deriving normative standards of social life from the research results of sociology. Keywords: Values, value-judgments, valuations, ideology, syllogism, meaning, moral impulse Why “the Return”? The problem of value judgments and their role in sociological thinking is one of the perennial riddles of sociology. -
'Other': Representing Sociological Knowledge Within a National Security Context
SOCIOLOGY AS ‘OTHER’: REPRESENTING SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE WITHIN A NATIONAL SECURITY CONTEXT Zuleyka Zevallos Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper evolves from my experiences of working within an applied defence and national security research environment and the gradual, often challenging journey in learning how to best represent sociological knowledge within this culture. More specifically, I write this paper as a reflection of the most recent of my ontological (mis)adventures regarding my research on suicide terrorism. In this analysis, I was working with Durkheim’s typology of suicide. It was suggested to me that I should plot Durkheim’s typology on a graph, with a view that visual schemas would assist my audience to better ‘take in’ and apply the information of my written analysis. This issue, which comes up repeatedly in my work with qualitative texts, led me to reflect upon the ‘otherness’ of sociologists within a positivist research environment where visualisation techniques are integral to scientific understanding. This paper problematises the idea that sociological knowledge should be formalised through mathematical or computational models, it explores the limitations of textual sociological analyses outside academia, and it discusses issues of ‘translation’ of sociological meaning from written to image forms. 1 INTRODUCTION Zygmunt Bauman writes that the concept of ‘other’ is, in its simplest form, concerned with binary opposites or with notions of difference. Bauman writes: abnormality is the other of the norm, deviation the other of law-abiding, illness the other of health, barbarity the other of civilization, animal the other of the human, woman the other of man, stranger the other the native, enemy the other of friend, ‘them’ the other of ‘us’, insanity the other of reason, foreigner the other of state subject, lay public the other of the expert (1991, p.