2019 Fall Peanut News

Fall 2019 www.aboutpeanuts.com VOL. 67 No. 3

Marine Corps Marathon Health & Southern Ag Carriers Belk College Kickoff Fitness Expo Promote Peanuts Gamecocks vs. Tar Heels Page 2 Page 8 Page 9

Annual Meeting and Peanut Field Day September 5th

This will be North Carolina’s rianne Copelan, Virginia- 67th Annual Peanut Field Day. Carolinas Peanut Promotions, Bob Sutter, NCPGA and Dell will cover peanut promotions Cotton, PGCMA will cover conducted over the past year September Legislative Outlook, Market- and plans for next year. Dr. ing Supply and Demand is- David Jordan will give a 2019 5th sues. These will be important crop update. as producers make planting decisions for the coming year. Joey Baker, President of the Dan Ward, North Carolina’s 8th Southeastern North Carolina Peanut Grow- representative to the National North Carolina Peanut ers Association, has announced Peanut Board, will give an up- Field Day the Annual Membership Meet- date on NPB activities. Steph- September 10th at 10:00 am ing for Thursday, September 5, anie Grunenfelder, Vice- Border Belt Tobacco 2019 at the Peanut Belt Re- President of the American Pea- Research Station search Station, near Lewiston- nut Council, will give an up- Whiteville, North Carolina Woodville, North Carolina. The date on the domestic and ex- Annual Meeting is from 11:00 port promotion activities of the a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and is fol- American Peanut Council. Ma- lowed by Lunch. The Peanut Field Day Tour is from 9:00 a.m. to 10:50 a.m. and includes four research stops which ad- South Carolina Annual Peanut and Row Crop Field Day dress major concerns of peanut growers. September, which is Septem- Continuing Education Units

ber 5th this year. Registration and Pesticide Recertification Baker, a peanut grower and will begin at 8:00 am, with the Credits will be offered for farm leader from Bertie Coun- Peanut Field Tour starting at those that need them. The ty, said, “We encourage all pea- September 9:00 am and running until Edisto Research and Educa- nut growers to attend the As- 5th noon, followed by a catered tion Center is located at 64 Re- sociation’s Annual Meeting to lunch and an afternoon Field search Road, Blackville, SC hear about the activities of the Tour for Row Crops. Peanut 29817. U.S. Hwy 78 brings you organization conducted on talks will include Precision Ag- there, with the station sitting their behalf. We also invite riculture in Peanuts, Weed just 2.5 miles to the west of other members of the peanut The 2019 Edisto Peanut and Control, Fertility, Varieties, downtown Blackville. industry and allied organiza- Row Crop Field Day will again Disease Management, Variable tions.” be on the first Thursday in Rate Seeding, and Irrigation. Hope to see you there! PAGE 2 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 A Different Kind of Season (So Far)

lead to rapid increases in dis- Peanut crops that remain in when peanuts are grown late ease. It is critical to maintain the field through October or into the fall. Botrytis blight good disease control and vine into November are at risk for and other vine declines are health through harvest. This Sclerotinia blight as long as most commonly associated could mean that leaf spot cool weather and heavy dews with injuries such as previous sprays will be needed well into prevail. However, Sclerotinia disease and tractor or frost September for those fields that sprays are most effective when damage. Maintaining plant need more time to mature. applied when disease first be- health by controlling leaf spot comes apparent. Assuming and avoiding excess vine Chlorothalonil (Bravo) is the that disease has not started growth and injury may help to Barbara Shew best choice for fall leaf spot already, the time to be extra prevent these problems. Plant Pathology - NCSU control since it helps to reduce vigilant for Sclerotinia blight selection for fungicide re- is in late August and early As always, be on the lookout After a couple of growing sea- sistance. Now that we have September. Sprays applied af- for problem areas in the field sons with mild wet weather, confirmed that some leaf spot ter this time often do not re- as the season ends. Check 2019 has been hot and dry populations in North Carolina sult in yield increases. Lek- patches of yellowed, stunted, through early August. There are resistant to group 11 fun- tivar 40SC (fluazinam; same or dead plants for possible dis- are hints that we are headed gicides, the need for resistance a.i. as in Omega 500F) is now ease problems. Areas affected for some relief in August, but management is more critical available in North Carolina. by nematodes may show stunt- effects of the previous hot than ever. Site-specific fungi- The amount of a.i. per gallon ing or yellowing. Gently pull weather will continue to affect cides from any resistance and the application rate of 16 up several plants and check decisions this fall. group applied after September to 24 oz/A are the same as for the roots and pods for galls 1 should be mixed with chloro- Omega. At the time this article caused by root-knot nema- Delayed planting and poor pod thalonil to guard against re- was written, we have not had todes, small pod lesions caused development earlier in the sistance development and to the opportunity to test it by lesion nematodes, or severe summer could set us for a long protect against any resistant against Sclerotinia blight on root pruning caused by sting harvest season and late ma- populations that may already peanut, but hope to have some and various other nematodes. turity. As of early August, leaf be present. This usually is results by the end of the sea- Areas of wilted, yellowed, or spot has been fairly quiet, but true even in fields where Scle- son. dying plants may have CBR. just a little rain and some rotinia blight is a concern. Brittle, blackened roots, pods milder temperatures could Minor diseases tend to pop up rotted or missing, and brick- red fungus on the roots, pods or lower stems indicate that Marine Corps Marathon Health & Fitness Expo CBR may be present. Spotted wilt can cause late-season yellowing that can be confused October 25, 2019 with CBR. Look for pod stunt- 10:00 AM-8:00 PM ing and discoloration and for foliar symptoms such as spot- October 26, 2019 ted patterns, purple discoloration on the underside of the 8:00 AM-6:00 PM leaf, and twisted petioles. Note

the location and severity of Gaylord National Resort these problems so that this in- & Convention Center formation can be used when planning rotations and future plans for disease management. "Stop by to visit Dell Cotton and Marianne Copelan at the Virginia Peanut Growers booth." FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 3

have one budget for the new events with our 10th annual with information on where year beginning July 1. Peanut Night at the Richmond they can order Virginia pea- Squirrels Park. The Squirrels nuts. The 2019-20 budget is are celebrating their 10th year $294,840, or 7% above last so we have been with them For those of you who receive year’s. This budget amount from the beginning. We will Cooperative Living magazine, should come close to equaling once again be collecting jars of we will have full page ads once our assessment income, given peanut butter from fans for again in the September Fairs that we have a 4000+ yield on donation to the Central Virgin- and Festivals Issue and in the an estimated 25,000 acres ia Food Bank. Joining us will November holiday issue. We Thomas R. Cotton, Jr. planted. Included in this be Commissioner of Agricul- reach Executive Secretary budget are $24,000 for VC ture Jewel Bronaugh, Mr. Pea- Virginia Peanut Growers Association Peanut Promotions and nut and the Planters Nut Mo- 500,000 Virginia households Even though as I write this we $140,640 for other promotions bile, and others. Our volun- with these ads encouraging have yet another dry, 100⁰ along with $35,000 for re- teers look forward to another shopping from the retail estab- heat index day, I have begun search. great night at the ballpark. lishments listed on aboutpea- preparing for the fall both for nuts.com. harvest but also for a few an- In percentage terms, we will We will be providing peanuts nual promotional activities spend a combined 31% toward to local fairs, including South- We will have an exhibit at the that will take place. Before I salaries, retirement, and office ampton County and Isle of Richmond Raceway for the get into them, however, I will expenses and 69% toward re- Wight County along with Her- race in late September. Fol- recap our late June budget search and promotion. I re- itage Day in Courtland. lowing this will be the 10 day meeting so you can be in- main convinced that our share run of the State Fair, one of formed of the actions of both arrangement with PGCMA for Throughout the summer and our more successful events in the Virginia Peanut Board and both office space and expenses fall we have billboard and in- terms of being in the Board of the Virginia Pea- as well as salaries is the way ternet ads promoting the retail front of people and educating. nut Growers Association. Both to go and benefits both organi- section of our website. We also We will once again have a pea- of these Boards have budget zations. are working with one or more nut recipe contest at the Fair meetings and in the end we welcome centers to distribute which was a success in its first We will begin the fall spurt of samples to travelers along time at last year’s Fair. Throughout the fall with foot- VIRGINIA PEANUT BOARD OF DIRECTORS VIRGINIAVIRGINIA PEANUT PEANUT BOARD BOARD ball and into the new year 2019-2020 20192019-2020-2020 with basketball we will once Thomas R. Cotton, Jr., Executive Secretary ThomasThomas R. R. Cotton, Cotton, Jr., Jr., Program Program Director Director again be promoting peanuts with UVA athletics. Dinwiddie Prince George GreensvilleGreensville *Billy Bain *Calvin Clements JoeyJoey Doyle Doyle Finally, the three states continue to supply peanuts Greenville Southampton SuffolkSuffolk monthly for our troops at Randy Robinson Jeffrey Pope JohnJohn Crumpler, Crumpler, II II USOs, with 8 of the 12 partici- Jeff Roach *Westley Drake pating locations being in Vir- *Brandon Clement Matthew Drake DinwiddieDinwiddie Ryan Pittman WayneWayne C. C. Barnes, Barnes, Chairman Chairman ginia. Isle of Wight Jason Hodges Taylor Outland Wesley Barnes SurrySurry If you ever have questions *Kirk Jones ErnestErnest L. L. Blount Blount about any of these events, Greg Butler Surry please let me know. I hope to Jeff Byrum *Henry Goodrich, Pres. IsleIsle of of Wight Wight Glen Pierce AndrewAndrew Darden Darden see you at one of these as we City of Suffolk Steve Berryman DonnaDonna N. N. Jones Jones promote your peanuts. Jason Holland Travis Bailey Sussex SouthamptonSouthampton *Rich Williams, VP *Michael D. Monahan MichaelMichael J. J. Marks Marks Charles Archer Henry Gill Michael Ellis Richard Johnson SussexSussex RobertRobert C. C. Rogers Rogers PAGE 4 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Will Leaf Spot Control Challenges Continue in 2019?

leaf spot, I am frequently asked what can be sprayed once a ma- jority of the canopy has leaf spots and how much leaf spot severity the crop can tolerate without losing yield. Once leaflets become infected, fungicides will do little to slow down the disease. It is possible that some fungicides may help the plant to retain infected leaflets longer, but the ef- Hillary L. Mehl, Ph.D. fects will be minimal. Maintain- Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology ing season-long control of diseas- Virginia Tech Tidewater AREC es is the best way to ensure high yield in the peanut crop, but Peanut disease control, especial- some peanut fields with late sea- ly late leaf spot, has been chal- son outbreaks of leaf spot in 2017 lenging in Virginia over the past and 2018 had decent yields de- couple of years. As I write this spite the high levels of disease. article, it is difficult to predict if Data from our 2018 leaf spot tri- we will have similarly severe late als indicate that the peanut crop leaf spot outbreaks this year, but can tolerate up to 70% late leaf it is early August and I am al- We've partnered with E- spot (LLS) severity several weeks ready seeing quite a bit of leaf Media Associates to create prior to harvest without losing spot in the lower canopies of much yield, but once greater than a new website, this web de- some of our research plots. To me 80% of the canopy has lesions sign is consumer friendly, this suggests that if timely fungi- and rapid defoliation occurs, has updated information on cide applications are not made yield can be reduced by over 75%. peanut facts/history of peanuts. All of our retailers are infor the rest of the season we The take-home message here is could have relatively high levels cluded on this site to promote each of their products. Our that it is not necessary to panic if of defoliation due to leaf spot pri- educational section has been updated along with nutri- leaf spot is relatively severe a or to harvest. Though I always week or two prior to harvest, but tional content. We are highlighting new recipes and recommend preventative sprays earlier outbreaks of leaf spot and events we will attend this fall. We encourage you to visit of foliar fungicides with docu- subsequent defoliation will re- our site this fall when it goes live, help us spread the mented efficacy for control of late duce yields. news!

Hubbard Peanut Company Founder Honored With Award

The American Peanut Council honored Dorothy Hubbard posthumously with its’ Lifetime Achievement Award at the recent USA Peanut Congress. Mrs. Hub- bard balanced being a female entrepreneur in the 1950’s with raising a family. Her business, Hubbard Peanut Company, became the first of the “gourmet” peanut companies that are prominent in Virginia and in the V-C region today. Their peanuts are known by consumers throughout the country. Hubs packages the sample bags for each of the Virginia-Carolina states and has done so for years.

Pictured: Lynne Rabil, daughter of Mrs. Hubbard and President of Hubbard Peanut Company, and Patrick Archer, President of the American Peanut Council. FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 5

These three are the manage- mand. Argentina peanut but- sumer attitudes towards U.S. Sutter Sez ment team that directs export ter shipments to Germany in- products in both Canada and promotion efforts worldwide. creased 226% and India ship- Mexico. Surveys have shown The Export Committee re- ments to the UK are up169%. that over 50% of Canadian ceives $2.5 million in export This is a market demand that consumers have or plan to stop promotion funds from USDA the APC Export Committee buying U.S. products. The feel- Foreign Agricultural Service has grown through promotion- ing is not as anti U.S. in Mexi- (FAS). These funds must be al activities over the past dec- co, but some loss has occurred. applied for each year and are ade. The situation has improved dependent on the effectiveness since the conclusion of the US/ of prior year promotional ef- Trade policy and food safety Mexico/Canada trade agree- forts. issues have become a major ment. A saying in the retail focus in the EU and threaten industry is that it takes six Robert R. Sutter In recent years, most of our to create barriers to trade. The times the effort to regain a lost Chief Executive Officer North Carolina efforts to increase peanut us- increasing amount of legisla- customer. We have a lot of Peanut Growers Association age have been focused on the tion being proposed and passed work to do to regain our mar- European Union, Canada, and causes significant concern for ket share. The American Peanut Council Mexico. Europe is the largest the industry and may limit (APC) Export Committee is export market for the U.S. market access for U.S. pea- U.S. peanut producers rely on comprised of Growers and peanut industry. Peanut but- nuts. In the past, U.S. peanuts exports more today than ever Shellers. The purpose of the ter exports to the EU have had pre-export certification for before. With the recent tariff committee is to stimulate sales been increasing in recent aflatoxin, which gave U.S. pea- and trade disputes, the Export of American peanuts into ex- years, rising by 33% since nuts a competitive edge in Committee is faced with real port markets. This year I have 2015, and Europe now ac- terms of rapid movement challenges. In addition to an- had the honor of serving as counts for almost 20% of total through EU ports and reduced nual promotions funding from Chairman of the Export Com- annual U.S. peanut butter ex- testing. Unfortunately, with a FAS, the Committee has re- mittee and the pleasure of ports. On June 20th of this large number of loads exceed- ceived $3.4 million from the working with Stephanie year, the European Union im- ing limits for aflatoxin in 2016 USDA Market Facilitation Grunenfelder, who is Senior plemented a 25% tariff on U.S. and 2017, the U.S. was re- Program, Agricultural Trade Vice-President of APC. Stepha- peanut butter in response to moved from the pre-export cer- Promotion. The funds are to be nie along with Peter Vlazakis U.S. tariffs on steel and alumi- tification program. This will used to promote U.S. agricul- work out of the Alexandria, num. Because of the tariff on subject U.S. peanuts to more tural commodities in foreign Virginia office and Louise peanut butter, other origins testing and will slow entry at markets for those commodities McKerchar is based in London. have been able to fill the de- the port. The APC is working impacted by tariffs. Uses of to resolve this issue. this money will include: Pro- moting peanut butter to con- Jack Mascarenhas Canada and Mexico, when sumers in the EU, promotion combined, have historically activities in Columbia and Ja- Awarded 2019-2020 been the largest export desti- pan, working on technical is- Fleet Sugg Scholarship nation for U.S. Peanuts, ac- sues at EU ports, conducting counting for almost 50% of to- branded promotions, and con- Mascarenhas, a Nash County tal shipments. While Canada ducting nutritional events in native and Junior at NCSU is is viewed as a mature market, Japan. a Plant and Soil Science major with stable demand, peanut with a concentration in Agro- exports have grown by a com- The recent trade disputes have nomic Science. Activities while pound annual growth of 4% caused a disruption in normal at State include CALS Honor since 2012. Mexico is classified trading patterns. These extra College, Chancellors Leader- as a growth market for U.S. funds will help the peanut in- ship Program and Kelman peanuts. Exports to Mexico dustry to weather this storm. Scholars Program. He is an have increased substantially. undergraduate research assistant in the Plant Pathology The recent often-contentious Department. NAFTA renegotiation process has had a direct effect on con- PAGE 6 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Preparing for a Successful Harvest

nector into the tractor remote, consistent. The shaker section typ- study the optimum ground speeds you are exposing the tractor hy- ically consists of rods mounted on were 2 mph and 3 mph (depending draulic system and transmission chains or belts. In either case, it is on conditions) for Virginia type to potential damage and costly important to check for proper ten- peanuts. repairs. Finally, check the condi- sion according to manufacturer tion of any drive belts and pulleys specifications. Some designs use Once you have set your ground on the DSI. Replace any compo- kicker wheels or other types of speed, you should carefully syn- nents that are badly worn. These shaker mechanisms, which are chronize the shaker chain or con- will not transmit power effective- important for removing soil from veyor to ground speed. A recent ly. Sway blocks or shims at the pods and roots. Poor soil removal study demonstrated that a convey- three point hitch of the tractor will extend field curing time and or travelling 20% faster than the Gary T. Roberson, PhD, PE used should be adjusted for one may also cause plants in the wind- ground speed can result in in- Professor and Extension Specialist inch of travel or less. If the DSI is row to fall over from the weight of creased digging losses of 100-200 Biological and Agricultural Engineering lb/ac, presumably from vines being North Carolina State University not level, one side may dig deeper the soil. Check the condition of than the other side resulting in the rods and the fingers on the snatched from the soil by the con- Kendall Kirk increased digging losses. After rods, make sure the rods are not veyor prior to the blades severing Precision Agriculture Engineer adjusting tractor tire pressures bent. If the shaker uses chains to the tap roots and shearing the soil. Edisto Research & Education Center and attaching the digger to the carry the rods, check the condition Peanuts should fall back to the Clemson University tractor, levelling (side to side) can of the chains. A worn or damaged ground about two feet down-field Harvest season is almost here. be checked by lifting the DSI and chain should be replaced. If the from where they were growing. In With it will come concerns about measuring from the ends of the shaker uses belts to carry the the same study, conveyors moving field operations, weather, timing, toolbar down to a flat, level sur- rods, belt condition is important. too slowly were not shown to in- and a host of other issues. A suc- face; adjust lift arms until meas- crease digging losses, but soil re- cessful harvest begins with proper urements match each other. Studies have shown that signifi- moval from the windrow may not preparation. Harvesting equip- cant harvest losses can occur if the be adequate at lower conveyor ment falls into two categories: Now turn your attention to the DSI is not properly prepared, ad- speeds. Proper blade depth is an- field equipment and curing equip- harvest elements on the DSI. justed, and operated. Some losses other important adjustment to be ment. Each has its own unique These are the blades, the shaker have been documented as high as considered and is a factor that re- demands. Pre-season checks and chain and the inverter section. 20% or more, depending on har- quires a great deal of operator at- maintenance may save you costly Blades should be clean and sharp. vest conditions. Losses of that tentiveness. Blade depth is gener- downtime. A worn blade will not cut the tap magnitude cut into the farmer’s ally proper when about one inch of root effectively, instead dragging profit. With a little care and at- tap root is exposed beyond the pod Field operations start with the plants forward through the soil tention, the farmer can minimize zone. Studies have shown that dig- Digger-Shaker-Inverter (DSI) and increasing digging losses. those losses and keep them at an ging too deep and digging too shal- which is a very unique implement. Additionally, worn blades may acceptable level. The first step is low will both result in increased There are several areas that will not shear the soil effectively to proper DSI adjustment. Most digging losses, but that greater need some attention before going begin the separation. Some manufacturers have a recommend- digging losses are incurred from to the field. First, check out the blades can be installed with the ed speed range for their imple- digging too shallow than from dig- DSI drive. If it is an older DSI, it beveled edge facing up or down. ments. Ground speed within this ging too deep. Observation of the may be PTO powered. Check the This choice is based on soil condi- range should be selected to match vines as they travel up the convey- driveshaft for wear or damage. tions with bevel-up being more soil and vine conditions, but with or while digging can sometimes be Pay particular attention to the aggressive and generally being harvest timeliness in mind. Dig- a helpful indicator of digging driveshaft shielding, make sure it preferred in harder, drier, or ging capacity (ac/hr) can be calcu- depth. If you are digging too shal- is in place and rotates freely on tighter soils where engagement is lated by multiplying ground speed low, the vines from a pair of rows the driveshaft. Second, check the difficult. With the digger levelled (mph) by DSI width (ft) and divid- will generally concentrate inwards universal joint bearings for wear. as explained earlier, positioned on ing by 9.7. Slower speeds should on the conveyor section, as op- If worn, replace the bearings or a flat surface, and lifted slightly, be used where digging losses are posed to being distributed across the driveshaft as needed. Newer all rear blade tips should measure more likely, such as with larger its entire width. Vines that have diggers are likely hydraulically the same distance from the pods, suboptimal maturity, heavi- been dug too shallow also may not driven. For these models, make ground surface. If not, then the er soils, and drier soils. Driving invert as well as vines that have sure the hoses are not cracked or shanks or frogs supporting the too slow will reduce your ability to been dug to the proper depth. damaged. Make sure the quick blades may need to be replaced, dig on a timely basis, but driving connectors are clean and match adjusted, shimmed, or straight- too fast can cause higher yield The combine can easily add to har- the tractor remote outlets. Dirt is ened. It is also important to ob- losses. A recent study showed vest losses. A simple walk behind the biggest enemy of a hydraulic serve the blade gang angles (as more than 200 lb/ac additional the combine to observe the tailings system. If you plug a dirty con- viewed from above) across the digging losses for each mph above digger to ensure that they are the optimum ground speed. In this continue on page 7 FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 7 continued from page 6 schedules for best results. During center of the trailer will increase to provide some insurance for dirt- times of uncertain weather condi- the risk of uneven curing. Uneven ier peanuts that may be dumped in addition to observation of the tions, digging should not get too curing often results in over- in the trailer. As discussed, the peanuts in the basket can go a many days ahead of combining. drying, which reduces grade and higher airflow rates will cure or long way towards suggesting com- On a good day, typical combining sale weight. If the peanuts are dry the peanuts faster and per- bine adjustments that should be capacities in most of the Virginia- harvested at higher moisture con- haps more uniformly, but it will made. The primary areas to focus Carolinas area are in the range of tents, it is going to take a lot more require more gas consumption. on are threshing aggressiveness 2.8 to 5.6 acres per day per row of energy (LP or natural gas and The reduced drying time may or and cleaning air. If the threshing combine capacity. As an example electricity) to dry them down to may not offset the higher fuel con- is too aggressive, pods will be application of this concept: if an market levels. Curing time in a sumption. shattered in the combine and you operation has 12 rows of combine trailer is based on the initial mois- will have higher numbers of capacity at 4 ac/day/row and de- ture content of the peanuts, air Be sure to check the curing equip- cracked or shelled pods in the sires to maintain no more than flow rate through the trailer and ment installation. Traditional trailer. If the threshing is not ag- four days of digging ahead of com- relative humidity of the air. En- trailers are often connected to gressive enough, the vines will not bining, then there should never be ergy consumption is based on air multiple port drying plenums. Air be shredded enough and pods can more than 192 acres of peanuts on flow rate in cubic feet per minute leaks from the plenum or the tran- remain attached to the vines and top of the ground. Farmers (CFM) through the trailer and sitions between the plenum and thrown out the back of the com- should also keep in mind that we temperature rise (degrees) above the trailers can lead to wasted en- bine. Incorrect threshing adjust- are well into hurricane season. ambient air temperature. For ex- ergy and increase curing cost. ments can allow increased foreign Heavy rains associated with a ample: The larger semi-trailer drying sys- material may make its way into hurricane will severely impact tems typically have an individual the basket. Threshing aggressive- harvesting schedules. Peanuts are BTU/Hour = CFM x Temp Rise x fan dedicated to each semi-trailer. ness can also be accomplished by generally better left in the ground 1.08 Again, check for leaks and make varying PTO speeds within the to over-mature, than to be dug sure you are using all the curing manufacturer’s specified range, and left exposed to several consec- This assumes the burner is con- air you are producing. with higher speeds providing utive days of persistent wet stantly on which it will likely be if more aggression. Cleaning air weather prior to combining. the ambient air temperature plus Drying trailers in current use contributes to foreign material as the temperature rise are below range from the more traditional well, too little air increases for- If heavy rains occur after digging, the thermostat set point in the 14 foot long curing trailers up to eign material; however, too much the vines may get beat down and curing system. If the burner cy- 48 foot long semi-trailers fitted air will result in blowing peanuts tend to stick to the soil. You may cles on and off, no gas will be con- with curing floors and plenum out of the back of the machine. It want to consider using a vine lift- sumed during the burner off part adapters. Pay close attention to is normal and desirable for “pops” er. This implement is designed to of the cycle. trailer loading. You do not want or unfilled pods to be discharged lift the vines from the soil, pro- to get into a situation where the with the tailings; if a significant vide a light shaking action to loos- Natural gas contains 1,010,000 trailer load exceeds the towing number of pods are observed in en some dirt and lay the vines BTU/MCF, (1 MCF = 1,000 cubic vehicle’s capacity or the trailer the combine discharge, check to back down. They do not re-invert feet) and LP gas contains 91,500 load exceeds the highway load see if they are mostly pops before the vines. There are two types of BTU/gallon. Using these factors limit. making hasty adjustments. Eleva- vine lifters; the chain type and you can estimate your fuel con- tor or conveying air should also be the blade type. The chain type sumption. As a rule of thumb, Be sure to check all equipment, adjusted so that it is sufficient to uses a short, flat shaker chain higher air flow rates will shorten harvesting and curing, before the deliver pods to the opposite side of assembly to lift the vines from the the curing time and will minimize harvest begins. Correct any the basket, but not excessively, soil. The blade type uses a blade the moisture content differential equipment problems on the dig- which can increase incidence of much like a digger blade, with lift between the top of the trailer and gers or combines to improve per- LSKs. fingers to elevate and lightly loos- the bottom. Curing temperature formance, increase recovered en the soil. The blade type will should be limited to 95°F or 15°F yield, and reduce costly downtime. Curing starts in the windrow. In run just below the soil surface so above ambient temperature. If weather conditions are chal- most cases, peanuts remain in the it may be useful to break the soil Higher curing temperature can lenging for peanut harvest, equip- windrow and dry down to a man- crust and promote soil drying. lead to reduced quality and lost ment downtime can result in sub- ageable level for curing in the Unfortunately, there is little data revenue. Pay very close attention stantial revenue losses from re- trailer. Poor inversion and poor available to estimate harvest loss- to your curing controls to insure duced grades and reduced yield soil removal from pods will reduce es caused by vine lifting or to quality curing. recovery. Check the curing sys- field curing efficiency, which will compare to losses seen without tem as well. Perform any mainte- either increase field curing time vine lifting. Air flow recommendations are nance needed on the trailers, ple- requirement or increase drying typically 10 to 12 CFM/ft3 of pea- nums and transitions as well as costs. Weather conditions after When loading a peanut trailer for nuts. In some cases, higher air- the fans and burners. Well main- digging will also have an impact curing, be sure to keep the load flow rates are used for curing in tained and properly adjusted on windrow curing times. Farm- leveled so that you have uniform large semi-trailers. These rates equipment is the key to a success- ers should be careful to coordinate depth in the trailer. Uneven load- may be in the range of 13-15 ful harvest season. their digging and combining ing or piling peanuts up in the CFM/ft3. The justification here is PAGE 8 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Be the Change You Want to See!

Peanuts and peanut butter products really progressed with people visit- day of the fair the Virginia Peanut are playing a major role in what ing this page and learning the vari- Growers Association will host a pea- people are eating on a daily basis. ous ways to introduce peanut foods nut recipe cooking contest. Up next Many companies have created new to their infants. Also, you’ll see oth- is the South Carolina State Fair peanut products that can be intro- er content directing our followers to and the South Carolina Peanut duced to infants, children, teenag- visit our website Board will host a booth space dur- ers, the middle-aged and the elderly (aboutpeanuts.com) to shop with ing a few days within the South to accommodate each palate. The one of our many retailers. We want Carolina Department of Agriculture next time you are visiting your local consumers to know you can pur- area on the fairgrounds. The North grocery store, you might notice chase peanuts from a company and Carolina State Fair starts a day af- many new peanut products availa- have them shipped to your home. ter the South Carolina State Fair ble on the various isles you walk and on the first day the NC Peanut Marianne Copelan down, and want to try something This fall is a busy time of year for Growers Association will also host a Executive Director new. our industry and is our time to recipe cooking contest. The NC Pea- Virginia-Carolinas Peanut Promotions shine by promoting peanuts. Our nut Growers Association will host a We are living in an era where As new brands and products hit the first promotion will take place on booth space within the Scott build- many people are changing their market, it’s important to focus on Saturday, August 31 in Charlotte, ing along with other commodities. eating habits and creating a new the early introduction to infants, North Carolina. The University of Please stop by one of the fairs above lifestyle. Many are moving into the ages 4 to 6 months. Companies have North Carolina will play the Uni- and pay us a visit. “Keto” direction while others think created products such as peanut versity of South Carolina in the plant -based diets are most im- powder and peanut butter puffs. first kickoff game. The North Caro- At the end of October, the Virginia portant. Ketogenic refers to low- These products allow mothers to lina Peanut Growers and South Peanut Growers Association will carb, high-fat diets that are similar introduce peanut butter to their Carolina Peanut Growers are co- travel to Washington, DC to host a to the Atkins plan or low carb diets. child by feeding them peanut pow- sponsoring the Belk Bowl by provid- booth space at the Marine Corps It begins by drastically decreasing der mixed with milk or water and/or ing a digital ad running through the Marathon Health and Fitness expo. your carbohydrate intake while feeding them peanut butter puffs. stadium during the game. The ad- This race brings in over 100,000 your body reduces the fat; this re- This is great for our industry and vertisement will read: “Tackle your runners. The runners come from all duction moves your body into a will create more awareness of just hunger with Carolinas Peanuts.” over the country, as well as those metabolic state. By doing this you how diverse our product can be. We will also host radio announce- living in the surroundings of Wash- will see your weight decrease with- ments during the game. ington, DC. We are partnering with in a small amount of time. The The past few months we have been many peanut butter companies to plant-based diet means exactly creating awareness via our social Fair season begins at the end of handout peanut butter squeeze what you think, eating most foods media platforms on Facebook and September starting with the Virgin- packets and packets of peanuts. derived from plants, legumes, vege- Twitter to really spread the word ia State Fair in Doswell, Virginia. Dell Cotton, Gail Milteer and I will tables, grains, seeds and fruits with about early introduction. The Na- The Virginia Peanut Growers Asso- provide handouts, recipe cards, and little or no animal product intake. tional Peanut Board along with the ciation will host a booth space in give away items so those who visit You will find one common domina- Peanut Institute have provided the Meadow Pavilion Building and our booth can learn more about pea- tor within each of these diets, that many studies that include fast facts Dell Cotton has lined up many nuts. peanuts and peanut butter are infor consumers to pick up. The pre- workers to work the booth space corporated into both. ventpeanutallergies.org site has throughout the week. On the last

"Virginia Carolinas Peanut Promotions and the National Peanut Board have partnered with Southern Ag Carriers to promote peanuts on ten of their trailers.” The trailers are wrapped on both sides stat- ing, Peanuts make a power trip.

Both logos from VCPP and NPB are included and our website (about peanuts.com).

The trailers will began traveling on major highways in June and will run for the next few years.

We hope you are able to see our promotion in your region within the next few months." FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 9 year. After dropping to 87,000 is the demand. Exports aren’t enough to offset losses in con- CO-OP NOTES in 2018, they reduced another growing the way we would like sumption of snack nuts and 25% to 65,000 acres for 2019. to see, and with Argentina candy. The bottom line is that having a good crop more pres- our industry recognizes that Besides growing at a very rap- sure will be put on our export more peanuts have to be sold id pace, the weather has been potential. China has not been and there are numerous pro- very unkind to SC farmers. At active in importing our pea- motional efforts being put least 4 of the last 5 years have nuts, likely due to a combina- forth in that regard. been disastrous to most of the tion of factors including an state. As I have heard so ample supply of their own, Let’s start with a good quality many times over the years, the price, and tariffs with the first 2019 crop that can easily be worst thing to happen in farm- two being the usual reasons. moved to any available mar- ing, and particularly to pea- Domestically peanut butter is ket. That will be a great first Thomas R. Cotton, Jr. nuts, is to make a crop and not up by a small amount but not step. Manager PGCMA be able to get it out of the field. Let’s hope this crop will As I write this our whole V-C be the start of a new string of area just received one of those better peanut crops for the general multimillion dollar TACKLE YOUR HUNGER WITH state. rains after suffering through CAROLINA PEANUTS nearly a week of upper 90’s to While South Carolina has his- over 100 degrees heat indexes. torically planted both runners The Virginia Carolinas Peanut Growers are sponsoring the 2019 I am sure some areas within and Virginias, it is likely that Belk College Kickoff on Saturday, August 31 at 3:30 p.m. our region have suffered longer their acreage reduction will than others have, but regard- affect both peanut types as The University of South Carolina Gamecocks will face border rival less, things improved for eve- well. All types have been in the University of North Carolina Tar Heels to open the college foot- ryone with the rain. Let’s an oversupply situation, so ball season at the Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North hope they continue to come on this should help our Virginia Carolina. a regular basis so we can have market and help bring down During the game we will have a another good crop. digital rotating banner that the Virginia carryover to next says, "Tackle your hunger with year. This of course will de- Things are going to look a bit Carolina Peanuts!" We have also pend on the conditions and re- different this year in the VC created a script to promote pea- sults from all 3 of our states. area. The following number of nuts to our listeners who are un- acres were planted to peanuts able to attend Saturday's game, Nationwide, acres are forecast in 2017 compared to 2019 for be sure to tune in to a station to be down by USDA. Soon we our 3 states: near you. will have the certified acreage 2017 2019 but for now, I am still working "This promotion is sponsored by with USDA projections. 2017 the National Peanut Board and Virginia 27,000 25,000 was a huge year in terms of Virginia Carolinas Peanut Pro- North Carolina 119,000 101,000 acres, yield, and production motions." South Carolina 122,000 65,000 which helped build the over- 268,000 190,000 supply the industry has tried to deal with since then. From This will be the least number 2017 to 2018 acres nationwide of acres planted in our region fell by 24%. From 2018 to this since 2013. What happened? year they fell by another 4% to It really is for the most part a the estimated total of South Carolina issue. During 1,364,000 acres. This is the the time period of 2008-2013, lowest total since 2014, and South Carolina averaged should help our supply/ 76,166 acres per year. During demand situation. the time period of 2014-2017, the average was 114,000 per The other side of the dilemma PAGE 10 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Return on Investment (ROI) or Is Yield Still King?

ing program that had high levels rootworm, southern stem rot, late leaf spot pressure and com- of resistance to the common dis- cornstalk borer, Sclerotinia putes test plot yields for under a eases (leaf spot; both early and blight, white mold and a number typical fungicide program and late, Sclerotinia blight and To- of other diseases. Gregory re- untreated plots. Looking only at mato spotted wilt virus; TSWV) leased ‘NC 2’, which had white Bailey, Bailey II, Emery, Sugg, but maintained current yield mold resistance in 1952. This is Sullivan and Wynne (Figure 1), levels, would farmers be inter- the first instance of disease re- the differences in sprayed and ested in growing these varieties sistance incorporated into a vari- untreated yields are quite low or would the increase in yield ety release coming from the NC for Bailey and Sugg with an av- continuously be more beneficial State peanut breeding program. erage leaf spot rating (color indi- Jeffrey C. Dunne in the long-term for peanut Since NC 2, each additional vari- cation) of 5 (significant leaf spot Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences farmers, shellers and produc- ety that has been released has pressure; early signs of defolia- North Carolina State University tion? Considering the current incorporated some disease or in- tion). This data would suggest lines that are being tested in the sect resistance in order to thwart Recently, I (courtesy of Dell Cot- that there might be diminishing Peanut Variety and Quality the common problems at the ton) presented some numbers returns on leaf spot fungicide Evaluations (PVQE) by Dr. Ma- time. featuring the changes in peanut applications due to inherent re- ria Balota at Virginia Tech Uni- production, acres, yield and de- sistances built into these varie- versity, the NC State breeding Early (Passalora arachidicola, mand that were quite stagger- ties, resulting in a higher value lines are averaging ~5,400 lbs. / formerly Cercospora arachidico- ing. Historically, four out of the ($) / acre. We are currently de- acre, which equates roughly to la) and late (Nothopassalora per- last five years have provided the veloping a project in collabora- ~$1,000 (value) / acre. However, sonata, formerly Cercospora per- largest US peanut crop production with Drs. David Jordan and if you consider the VC region sonatum) leaf spot are devastat- tion with 2017 (1st) at 3,566,177 Barbara Shew to investigate pre- over the last decade, 2008 – 2011 ing diseases, especially in the VC tons and 2018 (5th) at 2,623,136 scribed fungicide programs for averaged 3,374 lbs. / acre; 2012 – region. The Peanut Research tons. Within the Virginia- lines in the breeding pipeline. 2018 averaged 3,646 lbs. / acre; Foundation estimates $53 mil- Carolinas (VC) region, the pro- The results of the work would and 2018 averaged 3,759 lbs. / lion are spent on leaf spot control duction in 2017 reached 534,227 provide actual value ($) / acre acre alone. So the value ($) / acre nationally per year; this equates tons and 2018 produced 349,278 and may become a standard for is quite lower than in a test plot to about $17 million in the VC tons, down 35%. The total US release in addition to lines re- weight situation, making the region or ~$80/90 per acre on acreage grown in 2017 was leased that maximize yield. I value of each additional applica- peanut farms per year; this does 1,785,121 acres, while in 2018 would be very interested to hear tion of fungicides more costly on not include any insecticides for peanut was grown on 1,397,577 comments, questions or concerns a farmer’s bottom line. the control of thrips (TSWV vec- acres. In the VC region, the pea- that VC farmers, shellers and tor) or applications for the con- nut acreage was down 21% from industry partners would have on The NC State peanut breeding trol of Sclerotinia blight. The NC 264,338 acres in 2017 to 208,557 this approach. Feel free to send program has had a wealth of in- State peanut breeding program acres in 2018. Total peanut de- me an email – [email protected] credible breeders that have fo- continually tests the reaction of mand from shellers dropped cused on releases based on the each breeding line to early and from 3,000,000 tons in 2017 to occurring problems experienced 2,822,000 tons in 2018. As pea- at the time each were involved nut production, acreage and de- with variety development. Some mand decline, the varieties re- of the early breeders, specifically leased continue to make record Kime, Harvey, Middleton and setting marks in the VC region Gregory attempted to bolster the thanks to the efforts and tireless germplasm collection in an at- work of my predecessor, Dr. Tom tempt to improve the diversity Isleib. After seeing these num- and enhance the improvements bers, the discussion within the due to selection in the program. peanut group at NC State be- Capitalizing on the germplasm came, “Are yields reaching the available, Emery, Wynne and point where we can start shifting Isleib exploited this diversity to focus to the marginal gains provide not only improved yields, earned on a farm from a reduced but also resistances to Cylindro- input spray program?” In other cladium black rot, TSWV, early words, if varieties were released and late leaf spot, southern corn from the NC State peanut breed- FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 11

well that ends well, and hope- always significant for every which seemed to add to the fully the conditions we get dur- variety. thrips injury early on including these next few months as ing on cotton. Each year is a we start to shift gears into Since each field and crop can little different from the one be- harvest season will help us in move at slightly different rates fore. At the very least, it keeps this. towards optimal maturity, eve- things interesting. Hopefully rything we can do to promote the rest of the year will be Summarized in the table here crop health will improve our kind to us, including a good are our digging date trial re- chances of reaching peak har- harvest. sults over 2017 and 2018 vest potential. This includes Dan Anco growing seasons. Planting keeping vines protected with Extension Peanut Specialist dates for the trial was May 16 fungicides in case rains delay Clemson University in 2017 and May 14 in 2018. field access or if cooler fall SOUTH Degree day accumulation temperatures slow heat unit The early part of 2019 had us CAROLINA (base 56°F) at each digging accumulation and maturity going from one extreme with date since emergence averaged development. Checking fields PEANUT BOARD fields being very wet before it over the two years was 2954 for maturity 10 to 14 days came time for planters with (131 DAP), 3139 (141 DAP), ahead of anticipated digging DISTRICT I peanut seed to make their way 3408 (154 DAP), and 3453 (163 dates can help prevent maturi- Dupree Atkinson across fields, to turning hot DAP). Overall, Virginia mar- ty from surprising us if fields and dry real fast towards the ket types were most profitable have moved quicker than we Brent Cogdill latter part of May. In some when harvested after 131 to thought. Based on observa- Vice Chairman cases, this impacted residual 141 DAP, and many of the tions, parts of fields that were (as of 1-2019) herbicide activation but folks runner types were most profit- under stress close to harvest for the most part kept fields able during the 154 DAP har- last year appeared to have Thomas Elam Lee moving along and the crop in vest. These differences weren’t more advanced maturity than good condition overall. All’s non-stressed parts of the field. Steven Neal Baxley, Jr. This included sandier parts 2017-2018 digging date trial, Blackville, SC. under drought stress, or parts with leaf spot. We are looking DISTRICT II into some of this more to see Richard Howard Rentz, Jr. what kind of numbers we can Chairman garner from it, but for the time (as of 1-30-14) being it may be more of a side note. As we’re digging, if we do Mole Farms notice some fields having greater digging losses, making Brent Crapse a note of that now can help us keep an eye on those areas Harry F. Wimberly next year to destroy volunteers that emerge. Peanut volunteers can be pretty hardy and ADVISORY can come up at different times, Dr. Dan Anco but helping get rid of them (setting them free with Liber- Marianne Copelan ty, for example, or a stiff dose of Roundup) will help reduce problems down the road in- EX OFFICIO cluding development of fungi- Agriculture Commission cide resistance. The wet har- of SC vest in 2018 contributed to Frances H. Price, Chair digging losses, and many of us saw increased volunteers earlier this year as a result of this, PAGE 12 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Is Average Important? and dry conditions early in the season and under those specific never had a whole lot of free for thrips control for a long, conditions, those two products time and never wanted to leave long time and this gives us a appear to have performed bet- anything to chance. In today’s lot of confidence in what we ter. Under different conditions terms, he would have been recommend. right after planting, results called very risk adverse. He may well have been totally dif- was much more concerned When looking at averages, ferent. There are also some about avoiding a loss than in however, we need to keep in questions about resistance to making a big profit. mind that a lot of things neonic insecticides, but I think change over time or that indi- the verdict is still out on how Over the years I came to appre- vidual years can greatly influ- much that is impacting in- Rick Brandenburg ciate that about my Dad. He ence averages. Just like as an furrow use patterns. Extension Entomology Specialist never made a lot of money, but athlete gets older their batting North Carolina State University then again we always had mon- average or scoring average may As we all know, we can’t really Sometimes we focus a lot on ey for essentials in large part still be high but that is based predict what the weather is go- averages. This is especially due to his conservative ap- on a lot of years when they ing to be in the weeks right af- true in sports. We look at scor- proaches and always looking to were young and not what ter planting so we really can’t ing averages, batting averages, reduce risk. That approach they’ve done the past couple of do any sort of an annual selec- shooting averages as they pro- served our family well and I seasons. We see that with cat- tion of “best” product to use. vide an indication of consisten- carry much of that same risk erpillar control in peanuts. We have to rely upon averages. cy. How well does someone per- adverse focus to this day. Seek- What worked well 15 years ago That has served us well for a form day in and day out over ing consistency and reducing doesn’t necessarily get the job long time and I don’t see that time? There is something to be risk from insect pests is always done today. That is because changing any time soon. While said for that in agriculture as near the top of our list when we things have changed such as we continue to conduct re- well. Big fluctuations in yield develop insect control recom- the presence of harder to con- search and collect more data and production efficiency typi- mendations. trol budworms and some insec- that strengthen our averages, cally aren’t something we seek. ticide resistance in our corn we also look for trends. Do we We get a lot of that anyway due When you look at a new varie- earworms. So looking back at see a decline in the average to variation in weather from ty, you look for consistency, not averages for our pyrethroid in- performance over time for a one year to the next. that 1 in 10-year high yield po- secticides might not be the best specific product? That is im- tential. You want to know that thing to do. portant information as well. Sometimes, however, we look each year, you have a good Sort of like the hitter who is in at average like, well it’s just chance to make a reasonable We have a lot of data on thrips a batting slump. If that is the average. Who wants average? profit. The same is true when control and I think our averag- case sometimes you’ve got to We want higher yields and you select your pest manage- es are good indicators for mak- shake up the lineup a bit. more profits, not just average. ment products and your overall ing decisions on which products Who wants an average truck or program. You want consisten- to use. Over many years, Ad- So we still have good products to support an average team? cy. You want to know that mire Pro (imidacloprid), that work well. We could cer- Doesn’t sound like anything to your thrips management pro- AgLogic (aldicarb), Thimet tainly use some help when it get excited about. But we are gram or your leafspot program (phorate), and Velum Total comes to southern corn root- also concerned about risk and is going to work regardless of (imidacloprid + fluopyram) (all worm and spider mite control, in particular crop failure. what the year brings. Some of which are often followed but for our major insect pests of Weather plays a big role in that years it may work better than with a 3-week post plant thrips and caterpillars, we are and as has been true as long as others, but you want to know acephate spray) have provided good and each year we add to we’ve had farms. We have no that it is not going to fall flat excellent control of thrips and our knowledge and confidence control over the weather. on its face and fail. helped minimize our issues through additional field trials. That is one of the reasons why with tomato spotted wilt virus. The results of this year’s trials My Dad was a smart man and your extension specialists usu- However, within individual will be presented at our 2019 he kept very good records and ally present averages of data years, we do see a lot of varia- peanut field days and used to spent a lot of time looking at taken over many years and of- bility. This year for example, update the Peanut Information what worked well each year. ten many locations. It gives us in many of our plots we saw book. Additional peanut infor- He looked for consistency. He a better idea of the consistency better performance from phor- mation can be found at https:// farmed his whole life and also for a product or program on ate and aldicarb. More than peanut.ces.ncsu.edu. worked a job in town. My Dad YOUR farm. We’ve done this likely, this was due to warm FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 13 ‘Walton’ – A New High Oleic, Virginia-Type Peanut

gourmet products. But it was subsp. hypogaea var. hypo- with maturity similar to Vir- very susceptible to diseases. gaea) cultivar with similar ginia-type cultivars developed When Bailey became available good agronomic performance for the VC region. Detailed in- in 2010, CHAMPS was no when compared with Bailey, formation on the agronomic longer grown. NC-V 11, on the Emery, and Bailey II under and grade characteristics, and other hand, was grown on “normal” production (Table 1), oil profile from the 2015 and large acreages in the VC re- but with superior performance 2018 PVQE multi-state tests is gion for many years; it yielded than these cultivars under ex- very well across many fields. available at h t t p : / / treme water deficit conditions. www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/author/b/ Maria Balota Early this year, ‘Walton’ pea- Seeds are elongated in shape b a l o t a - m a r i a - r e s . h t m l . Pathology, Physiology and seed testa color is light ‘Walton’ was named in the and Weed Sciences nut was jointly released by Virginia Tech Tidewater AREC Virginia Tech and the Univer- pink to pink. It has dark honor of Walton Mozingo, the green foliage; an intermediate It has been quite some time sity of Florida. Walton is the PVQE retired leader. growth habit and the main since Virginia had released a first cultivar from the collabo- peanut variety. ‘CHAMPS’, ration started in 2012 between stem is not distinguishable very popular in the VC region these universities. Crosses and from the lateral branches. around year 2008, was re- development of the lines Walton is a high-oleic cultivar leased in 2004 by Walton Moz- through the F4-F5 generation ingo, my predecessor in lead- were made in Florida, and ing the Peanut Variety and then the lines were transferred Quality Evaluation (PVQE) to the Tidewater AREC in Suf- program. Before that, NC-V 11 folk, VA, for further advance- jointly developed and released ment and testing at multiple by the N.C. State Univ. and locations in Virginia. The best Virginia Tech, in 1991. There performers were further were others, but I will not go moved to the PVQE testing that far back. CHAMPS was across the region. desired by the industry because of its large and nicely Walton is a Virginia-type pea- shaped kernels, suitable for nut (Arachis hypogaea L.

Table 1. Results of the Peanut Variety and Quality and Evaluation multi-state (VA, NC, SC), multi-location (5), multi-year (4) (2015-2018).

1. All yields are net, adjusted to 7% standard moisture and foreign material is deducted. 2. Means sharing the same letter(s) are not statistically different, at P=0.05 based on the Fisher’s protected LSD test. 3. Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) at P = 0.05. PAGE 14 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019 Looking Toward Harvesting Table 10-1) on page 172 in a stand and holding off to than our long term averages. 2019 Peanut Information. I plant, or situations where pea- Over the next few weeks used the information Dr. Balo- nut was planted in mid to late (August into early September) ta provided in Virginia Peanut May but soil moisture was in- we will all be guessing at what Production guide and some gut adequate to get stands. Pea- yields will be and when the feelings to prepare Table 10-2 nuts in some fields emerged crop will reach optimum ma- (shown here). Whether some- after rains came in early June turity. We will share infor- one can wait until November but not soon enough to get an mation on heat unit accumula- 15 depends on many things. ideal stand, and this forced tion and try to make our best Peanuts have been in the some farmers into a replant. educated guess. But in reality David Jordan ground for 2-3 months by Au- In 2018 we also had 15-20% of there are some years where we Extension Peanut Specialist gust 1 with November 15 being peanuts planted late but that might be spot on while in oth- NC State University over 3 months away. Peanuts was because of excessive rain ers we are likely to be off and By the time you receive this in the same scenario last year in May. We do a great deal of surprised. The information in edition of V-C Peanut News the might have reached maturity research at the Upper Coastal Tables 10-1 and 10-2 of this ar- main concerns will be the last earlier because of the higher Plain Research Station near ticle are ballpark numbers and couple of sprays for leaf spot heat unit accumulation in Au- Rocky Mount, and the month help us get organized and disease, possibly a spray for gust, September and October of May demonstrated the ex- make initial plans. But the Sclerotinia blight and getting compared with the 10 year av- tremes in rainfall and soil most important thing we will organized and ready for dig- erage (using Lewiston- moisture when comparing do is collect pods from fields ging. Of course the anxiety of Woodville as an example). At 2018 and 2019. Regardless of and run them through the pod tropic storms and getting pea- a field day a few days ago the cause, peanuts planted in blaster using the turbo nozzle nuts and other crops complete- (July 30 in Virginia) someone June are vulnerable to risks and a pressure washer. This ly out of the field will persist indicated that heat unit accu- during the fall. Soils can get will tell us when peanuts are all the way through the fall. mulation was higher [about too wet for digging and har- likely to be at optimum maturi- Last year at this time I pre- 200 Growing Degree Days vesting or cooler temperatures ty – growers decide when they pared an article on digging (GGD56) or heat units] corre- that prevent complete matura- are ready to dig given the other and harvesting based on sur- sponding to about 10 days ear- tion of pods can occur. In 2018 10 important things at the top veys conducted at 2018 pro- lier in maturity than the norm. we were fortunate. Yields of their list during that period duction meetings. The infor- That can be very helpful for were high with June plantings of time. If you take a look at mation in that article still peanuts planted late if water in part because we accumulat- the article from 2018 V-C Pea- holds true and you can go back came along with the heat. ed about 5 extra heat units per nut News I mentioned above and take a look for the details But that is not the case every- day from August through early (that might be a little like ask- (http://aboutpeanuts.com/wp- where, and some of the extra October (there is a graph of ing a student to read some- content/uploads/2018-Fall- 200 heat units might have this in 2019 Peanut Infor- thing outside of class,) the Peanut-News.pdf). In the cur- come along when water and mation guide on page 39.) change in mesocarp color over rent article I will mention ele- subsequent peanut growth was This worked out in large part a 10-day period of time corre- ments of the 2018 article but limiting. For example, much because we had the moisture sponds to around a 20% differ- will focus more on two tables of the extra heat unit accumu- to go with the heat. We will ence in yield. After all of the we have in the 2019 Peanut lation during the last two need this to happen again in educated guesses, calculations Information guide on growth weeks of May was of little val- 2019 for the late planted yields and speculations from now and development at different ue because of the dry condi- to match yields we often get through early September, it is points in the season. On the tions, and too much heat with May plantings. On aver- best to rely on the colors of last day of July I received a (temperatures above 95F) age, our work shows that pods and predictions on how text with the following ques- causes stress on the plant. planting around June 5 results they will change. This gets you tion, “If a peg enters the in yields 15% lower than May closer to the end game of opti- ground today, how long until In North Carolina we likely plantings while yields with mizing yield and market that peanut matures?” My have 20% of the acreage plant- June 15-20 plantings are often grades. And yes, if you are quick answer was “November ed after June 1 with some of 30% lower. In 2018 with the over 10 days out you will need 15.” I got that answer from that as late as June 20. This extra heat units, differences in to do it one more time to fine time spent preparing and re- was either due to delays yield between May and June tune your decision. ferring back to Table 10-2 (and caused by lack of water to get plantings were more similar continue on page 15 FALL 2019 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS PAGE 15 Prevent Peanut Allergies https://preventpeanutallergies.org/ Did You Know?

Early Introduction: Because the ideal window for introducing peanut foods is small - and begins early - it’s critical to know your baby’s risk factors and plan in advance. Depending on your child’s risk, peanut foods should be introduced according to these guidelines after they’ve already started other solid foods.

If your infant Has Severe Eczema, Egg Allergy, or Both: The new guidelines recommend talking with your doctor before giving them any peanut foods. Your healthcare provider might want to do an allergy test or introduce baby-friendly peanut foods under medical supervision. Once cleared, infants in this category should start eating peanut foods around 4-6 months of age and should continue to consume them regularly– 2g of peanut protein, three times per week

If your infant Has Mild to Moderate Eczema: The new guidelines recommend feeding them small amounts of baby-friendly peanut foods, like peanut powder or thinned peanut butter, around three times a week starting when they are around 6 months old. It is not necessary for parents of infants in this group to have an in-office evaluation in advance of introducing peanut foods.

If your infant Has No Eczema or Any Food Allergy: The new guidelines recommend introducing foods that contain peanuts together with other solid foods as often as you would like and in accordance with family preferences and cultural practices. Most children will fall into the low risk category.

5 easy ways to introduce peanut foods to your infant: 1. Mix with water, formula or breast milk 2. Mix with food 3. Mix with produce 4. Peanut Snacks 5. Teething biscuits

Who Are We? America’s peanut farmers – through the National Peanut Board – have contributed more than $25.3 million for food allergy research, education and outreach since 2001. The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology is a professional medical organization of more than 6,000 allergists- immunologists and allied health professionals. ACAAI allergists are board-certified physicians trained to diagnose allergies and asthma, administer immunotherapy, and provide patients with the best treatment outcomes. The Food Allergy and Ana- phylaxis Connection Team educates, advocates, and raises awareness for all individuals and families affected by food allergies and life-threatening anaphylaxis. PAGE 16 VIRGINIA-CAROLINAS PEANUT NEWS FALL 2019

Saturday, September 21 - Columbia, SC Marianne Copelan will be a guest judge of the boiled peanut contest!

Virginia: September 27-October 6, be sure to stop by the Meadow Pavilion building to visit the VA Peanut Growers booth. 2019 marks the 42nd Anniversary of Suffolk, Virginia’s premier festival.

October 10-13, 2019 Suffolk Executive Airport October 4 and October 5, 2019

National Peanut Day September 13 South Carolina: October 9-20, be Celebrate with these sure to visit the Ellison building to delicious pick up packets of SC peanuts! All American Peanut Butter Cookies

Ingredients - Servings: Dozen 1/2 Cup Butter Softened 1 Egg

1 Cup Creamy Peanut 1 1/2 Cups All Purpose Butter Flour 1/2 Cup granulated 3/4 Teaspoon Baking Soda sugar 1/2 Teaspoon vanilla 1/2 Teaspoon baking extract powder 1/4 Teaspoon Salt Instructions Combine butter, peanut butter, sugars, vanilla and egg, beating until light and fluffy. Combine dry ingredients and add to butter mixture, blending thoroughly. Shape into 1- inch balls and place about 2 inches apart on a baking sheet. Flatten with fork tines in a North Carolina: October 17-27, be sure to stop by the Scott Building to crisscross pattern. Bake at 350° F. for 10 visit the NC Peanut Growers booth. minutes, or until lightly browned.