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518 Minoan Pottery from the Southern Area Later Postpalatial 518 Minoan Pottery from the Southern Area Second, it is important for those who are presenting the ceramic evidence for the dates of major building projects, destruction horizons, and other events of similar magnitude to be explicit about their criteria for identifying specific chronological horizons. Watrous identifies at least two important features that he used to distinguish LM IIIA2 from LM IIIA1 (1992: 31): the advent of the “vertically walled cup,” that is, the teacup lacking a sharply everted lip, typically in the case of LM IIIA1 what has often been termed a “ledge rim” (Popham 1970a: 68–69 Type A; Popham 1984: 181–82; Watrous 1992: 125); and the advent of the fine unpainted “goblet” (Popham’s “champagne cup”), here termed a footed one-handled cup (Hallager 1997: 30). To these two criteria should be added, because of its particular relevance for the contexts discovered in the Civic Center, the advent of the fine unpainted ladle (FS 236) as represented by 49/7, 57d/2, and other fragments not published here.162 Among the deposits published by Watrous from the Central Hillside and Hilltop areas at Kommos, two in particular appear to have been closed at much the same time as the LM IIIA2 Early con- struction fills of the Civic Center were being put into place: a deposit from below a staircase in the North House’s Room N21 (Watrous 1992: 39–40, Deposit 32; M. C. Shaw and Nixon 1996: 50–51, pl. 2.67); and a sealed fill in Hilltop Room 26 (Watrous 1992: 42–43, Deposit 36; M. C. Shaw and Nixon 1996: 74–75). Later Postpalatial: Late Minoan IIIA2 Through Late Minoan IIIB The construction of Building P in at least three architecturally discernible stages (J. W. Shaw, Chap. 1.3) generated a series of chronologically differentiable fills, gradual use accu- mulations, and even floor deposits within the six galleries of which it is composed. Since all but one of these galleries are as of the present publication largely unexcavated, the evidence presented here for the dating and function of these enormous spaces is in most cases only a small fraction of what still remains to be recovered. The complete clearance of Gallery P3, however, suggests that the interiors of these spaces are likely to be largely featureless, with thin and very irregular layers of use accumulation in which the pottery is extremely fragmentary and rarely mends up to any significant degree. By contrast, substan- tial floor deposits of largely restorable pottery have been recovered from Room 5 as well as from Corridor 7 (Group 59) and Court 6 (Group 60) within Building N. The fundamental difference in preservation between the LM IIIB ceramic evidence recovered from the final floors of Building P’s galleries and the abandonment deposits in Building N could thus hardly be greater. On the other hand, thanks to the piecemeal construction of Building P over an extended period of time and the apparent decision at some point to establish a roughly equivalent floor level throughout all its galleries during its final, LM IIIB, period of use, a number of different stages within the LM IIIA2 period have been identified in Galleries P2 and P3. Neopalatial and Later Minoan Pottery 519 There are thus good reasons to believe that further excavations within Galleries P1, P2, P4, P5, and P6 might produce additional discrete deposits of LM IIIA2 and LM IIIB pottery that would allow these ceramic phases at Kommos to be subdivided and characterized in greater detail. Comparable evidence for stages within LM IIIA2 does not exist in the surviving por- tions of Building N. The evidence from the two buildings is thus nicely complementary from the point of view of the ceramic historian interested in charting developments in both the local and imported pottery during the roughly 120–140 years represented by the use deposits recovered from them. In the following catalogue, the pottery representing the LM IIIA2 (ca. 1360–1300 B.C.) construction and use of Building P is presented first, followed by that for the 163 LM IIIB (ca. 1300–1225[?] B.C.) use of both buildings. Group 53 Date: Mixed Protopalatial to LM IIIA2 Total sherds: 788 Weight (grams): 6,340 Trench/pail(s): 93B/41C, 42A, 42C, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53 Cross joins: 65A2/49, 51 (53/3) Architectural/physical context: J. W. Shaw, Chap. 1.3; LM IIIA2 construction fill below single detected floor in Gallery P4 near its west end at ca. +3.30 m Thickness of constituent strata: Ca. 60 cm Group and/or date of stratumbelow: Stereo (trimmed soft bedrock) Group and/or date of stratumabove: Patch of lowermost floor identified in Gallery P4 (exposed with 86F/98) and shallow level of uncontaminated Prehistoric fill above (86F/96), both in northeasternmost portion of Gallery P4 so far excavated Table 3.65. Pottery Group 53. Fine Fabrics Medium-Coarse Fabrics Coarse and Painted Unpainted Conical Cups Painted Unpainted Cooking Fabrics Number of sherds 141 122 58 107 234 126 As % of total 17.9 15.5 7.4 13.6 29.7 16.0 Weight of sherds (grams) 600 295 310 1,100 2,475 1,560 As % of total 9.5 4.7 4.9 17.4 39.0 24.6 520 Minoan Pottery from the Southern Area 53/1 (C 10358). Horizontal-handled bowl(?). Pl. sion (Popham 1984: 59 M21, pl. 71a–b); for LM 3.57. IIIAPalace Style jar fragments from Kommos, Shoulder: Flower FM 18 framed by horizontal Watrous 1992: 33 nos. 555–56, 42 no. 727, 43 no. wavy bands of variable thickness. 745, 45–46 nos. 797–99, 821, 48 no. 838, 107–8 LM IIIA2 Early. For the shape, comparanda as nos. 1885, 1887, fig. 25, pls. 13, 17, 19, 47; also for 52d/2; for the pattern, Popham 1970a: figs. 3: 57d/5 and 57i/2. 9, 12: 33, pl. 1a (Royal Villa); fig. 15: 109, pls. 2b, 53/3 (C 8203). Closed shape. Pls. 3.57 (handle 43a: 2, 43b: 1–4 (Little Palace); Popham 1984: 91 only), 3.92 at c (handle and select body sherds NC 12, pls. 116a: 4, 171: 17, 172: 2 (Unexplored only). Mansion); Warren 1997: fig. 12: P200 (Strati- Handmade; very soft (low-fired?) fabric. Flar- graphic Museum Excavations). ing lower portion of flat-backed vertical strap 53/2 (C 10359). Pithoid jar. Pl. 3.57. handle bears possible potter’s mark in form of Shoulder: Running Spiral FM 46 of “snail- two deep (2.5 mm), vertical, and roughly paral- spiral” (Schneckenspirale) type with fill of lel incisions made before firing; despite the crudely rendered solid Rosettes FM 17(?). number of surviving body fragments, their small LM II–IIIA1. For the shape, Niemeier 1985: 6– size and the absence of wheelmarks preclude 13; for the spiral decoration, Niemeier 1985: any reconstruction of the vessel’s profile. 105–6, 245–48, fig. 45, pls. 18–19; for the rosettes, Fabric and shape identify piece as import, compare an LM II jar from the Unexplored Man- probably non-Minoan, but source unknown. Group 54 Date: Mixed LM IAEarly and LM IIIA2 Total sherds: 1,547 Weight (grams): 23,470 Trench/pail(s): 93A/1B, 4, 5A, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15A Cross joins: Group 9b (9b/1–2, 9; 54/2); Groups 9b and 72 (54/1) Architectural/physical context: J. W. Shaw, Chap. 1.3; LM IIIA2 construction fill below earliest laid floor at west end of Gal- lery P5, at +3.21/3.31 m Thickness of constituent strata: ca. 40–55 cm Group and/or date of stratumbelow: Above and partially mixed with LM IA floor deposit in T Space 36 (Group 9b) Group and/or date of stratumabove: Fill between first and last laid floors at west end of Gallery P5 (Group 72) 54/1 (C 9052). Teacup. Pl. 3.57. 54/2 (C 9063). Short-necked amphora. Pls. 3.57, No spout pushed out 90° clockwise from han- 3.92 at d. dle. Shoulder: composite of Quirk FM 48 and fo- Scar of thickened vertical strap handle just liate scroll below horizontal row of dots. above rounded carination where shoulder meets LM IIIA2 Early. Popham 1970a: figs. 3: 3, 8, body; thick, secondarily applied clay lining on 12: 30–31 (foliate scroll with dots), 13: 60 (quirk bottom of interior has separated from original with dots), pls. 1e, 2g (Royal Villa); pls. 37d: 1, thickness of wall. Upper body: horizontal Wavy 39b: 5 (Northwest House); pls. 42c: 11–12, 42f: Line FM 53. Lower body: vertical drips or stem 7–9 (Little Palace); Popham 1984: pls. 173: 33, of crude floral motif at base. Handle: thick ring 174: 39, 177a: 20, 178c: 7–8 (Unexplored Man- around handle base. sion); Warren 1997: fig. 12: P1697 (Stratigraphic LM IIIA2 (= Rutter 2000: fig. 5). Evans 1928: Museum Excavations); also 55/1. 627–29, fig. 392: 3; Watrous 1992: 40 no. 702, 48 Neopalatial and Later Minoan Pottery 521 Table 3.66. Pottery Group 54. Fine Fabrics Medium-Coarse Fabrics Coarse and Painted Unpainted Conical Cups Painted Unpainted Cooking Fabrics Number of sherds 256 109 120 315 400 347 As % of total 16.5 7.0 7.8 20.4 25.9 22.4 Weight of sherds (grams) 1,400 375 860 6,710 6,610 7,515 As % of total 6.0 1.6 3.7 28.6 28.2 32.0 no. 839, 60 nos. 1011, 1015, 68 no. 1137, 75 no. figs. 30, 42, 47, 59, 63, pls.
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