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Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 1. an Important Series of Caves With Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 1. An important series of caves with paintings from the Paleolithic period is located in ________. a. Italy b. England c. Germany d. France Answer: d ​ 2. Which of the following describes the Venus of Willendorf? ​ ​ a. It is a large Neolithic tomb figure of a woman b. It is a small Paleolithic engraving of a woman c. It is a large Paleolithic rock­cut relief of a woman d. It is a small Paleolithic figurine of a woman Answer: d ​ 3. Which of the following animals appears less frequently in the Lascaux cave paintings? a. bison b. horse c. bull d. bear Answer: d ​ 4. In style and concept the mural of the Deer Hunt from Çatal Höyük is a world apart from ​ ​ the wall paintings of the Paleolithic period. Which of the following statements best supports this assertion? a. the domesticated animals depicted b. the subject of the hunt itself c. the regular appearance of the human figure and the coherent groupings d. the combination of men and women depicted Answer: c ​ 5. Which of the following works of art was created first? a. Venus of Willendorf b. Animal frieze at Lascaux c. Apollo 11 Cave plaque d. Chauvet Cave Answer: d ​ 6. One of the suggested purposes for the cave paintings at Altamira is thought to have been: a. decoration for the cave b. insurance for the survival of the herd c. the creation myth of the tribal chief d. a record of the previous season’s kills Answer: b ​ 7. The convention of representing animals' horns in twisted perspective in cave paintings or allowing the viewer to see the head in profile and the horns from the front is termed __________. a. optical b. fanciful c. descriptive d. true Answer: c ​ 8. Megalithic monuments are found throughout Europe, but which monument type is almost entirely limited to Britain? a. huge stones arranged in a diamond b. huge stones arranged in a straight line c. huge stones arranged in a triangle d. huge stones arranged in a circle Answer: d ​ 9. The oldest planned town excavated so far is located at which of the following areas? a. Lascaux b. Vallon­Pont­d’Arc c. Jericho d. Çatal Höyük Answer: d ​ 10. Agriculture became established in three Near Eastern regions: ancient Palestine, Iran, and Anatolia. By 8000 BCE, Jericho had undergone spectacular development as its wealth grew. Which argument appears most valid for the fortification of Jericho? a. It was an offensive base for invasion b. It provided protection from powerful neighbors c. It provided protection from natural disasters d. It was a promotion of a powerful merchant class Answer: d ​ Short Answer 24. Evaluate the Makapansgat pebble as an “artwork”. Answer: In order for the label “artwork” to apply, the work must be modified by human intervention beyond merely being noticed as reflecting human characteristics. 25. Why is the ivory statuette found at the Hohlenstein­Stadel cave in Germany significant? Answer: It represented something important because the process of manufacturing an ivory figure was a complicated task. 26. Discuss the importance of the Paleolithic female figures. Answer: It has been suggested that these figures represent the female form whose childbearing capabilities insured the survival of the species rather than specific individuals. 27. Explain the importance of the profile view in representing animals in Paleolithic art. Answer: Only the profile view is completely informative of the animals’ shapes. 28. What is the importance of the Lascaux caves and the wall paintings? Answer: Side by side the two basic approaches to painting and drawing are found. 29. What assumption has been nullified by the Chauvet cave paintings? Answer: That Paleolithic art “evolved” from simple to more sophisticated representations. 30. Explain the significance of the Neolithic period. Answer: Humans began to settle in fixed abodes and began to domesticate plants and animals. 31. Which region provided the necessary preconditions for the development of agriculture? Answer: The grassy uplands bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. 32. Evaluate the importance of Jericho to urban development. Answer: It was the first fortified town with a stone tower and wide rock­cut ditch and surrounding wall. 33. Describe the Ain Ghazal statuettes and explain their importance in art history. Answer: They are plaster over a core of reeds and twine with bitumen pupils delineating the cowrie shell eyes. The figures also had orange and black hair, clothing, and sometimes, body paint and tattooing. They mark the beginning of monumental sculpture in the Ancient Near East. Slide IDENTIFICATION Select the response that identifies or corresponds bests to the image on the screen. (Answers will depend on the selections presented by the instructor, but the following examples and terms are suggested.) 44. Spotted horses and negative handprints (Figure 1–10) a. Paleolithic b. Mesolithic c. Proto­Neolithic d. Neolithic Answer: a ​ 45. Bison with turned head (Figure 1–8) a. marble b. reindeer horn c. terracotta d. bitumen Answer: b ​ 46. Animal facing left (Figure 1–3) a. France b. Spain c. England d. Africa Answer: d ​ 47. (Figure 1–6) a. Woman (Venus) of Willendorf b. Mother Goddess c. Woman of Laussel d. Human figure Answer: c ​ 48. (Figure 1–9) a. Stonehenge b. Lascaux c. Vallon­Pont­d’Arc d. Altamira Answer: d ​ 49. (Figure 1–14) a. Jericho b. Çatal Hüyük c. Lascaux d. Vallon­Pont­d’Arc Answer: a ​ 50. (Figure 1–15) a. Apollo 11 Cave b. Çatal Hüyük c. Ain Ghazal d. Lascaux Answer: c ​ 51. (Figure 1–4) a. Germany b. Africa c. Spain d. France Answer: a ​ Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization The Art of the Ancient Near East MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The Ziggurat at Ur can best be described as a: a. Sumerian burial ground b. fortified city­state c. palace for Naram­Sin d. Sumerian temple base Answer: d ​ 2. Ishtar Gate, with its relief decorations of a dragon, lion and bull, comes from the city of: a. Lagash b. Persepolis c. Ur d. Babylon Answer: d ​ 3. Bull­headed capitals would most likely be found in a. Lascaux b. Jericho c. Persia d. Israel Answer: c ​ 4. The new concept of godlike sovereignty can be described by the representations of _________, the king who appeared as a god in Mesopotamian Akkadian art. a. Urnanshe b. Naram­Sin c. Eannatum d. Gilgamesh Answer: b ​ 5. Use of glazed brickwork is most characteristic of the city of __________. a. Lascaux b. Stonehenge c. Babylon d. Jericho Answer: c ​ 6. The stylistic conventions of rigidly frontal symmetry, abnormally large eyes, and tightly clasped hands are most characteristic of the early art of ________. a. Jericho b. Çatal Hüyük c. Sumer d. Babylon Answer: c ​ 7. The White Temple, Uruk is oriented to the _________________________. a. Orion constellation b. Cardinal points of the compass c. Persian Gulf d. North Answer: b ​ 8. A predominant theme or themes found in the narrative reliefs of the Assyrians was or were: a. the sun disk, Aton b. war and hunting c. scenes of the afterlife d. animal fables Answer: b ​ 9. Persian relief figure sculpture can be distinguished from earlier Mesopotamian styles by: a. the bulging muscles b. use of extremely large eyes c. a preference for nudity d. forms are more rounded Answer: d ​ 10. Which of the following best describes the Standard of Ur? ​ ​ a. early example of an official account of the rulers of Sumer b. early example of an official account of import goods c. early example of mythological narrative d. early example of historical narrative Answer: d ​ SHORT ANSWER 29. What is the significance of cuneiform? ​ ​ Answer: marked the beginning of writing, as historians strictly define it and led to more, sophisticated, complex grammatical constructions. 30. Explain the importance of cylinder seals. Answer: prized possessions indicating status and served as devices to identify ownership and prevent unauthorized use as well as a “signature”. 31. What is a lamassu and where was it placed? ​ ​ Answer: A winged man­headed bull as a guardian at the gate of the palace. 32. What is an iwan? ​ ​ Answer: a brick audience hall covered by a barrel vault. 33. How did the destruction of Persepolis change the balance of power within the Ancient Near East? Answer: symbolized the destruction of imperial Persian power and its end as a significant political power in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. The focus of power rd now rested in the hands of Alexander the Great and later Imperial Rome. In the 3 ​ century CE, ​ a new dynasty rose and challenged Rome for supremacy of the area, the Sasanians. 34. What is the most importance archaeological source of knowledge regarding Persian architecture? Answer: Persepolis 35. Discuss the focus of Sumerian city planning. Answer: reflected the importance of religion in daily life; the city’s nucleus was the temple that also served as the administrative and economic center for the city, thus representing both religious and secular functionalities. 36. Why was the concept of the city­state an important innovation? Answer: the community rather than the family assumes the function of defense. Other activities such as manufacturing or trade or administration become institutionalized thus gaining a unique and permanent identity. 37. What do the reliefs of the palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh depict? Answer: the glory and power of the king as the triumphant ruler. 38. The Elamite Empire was strong enough to plunder Babylon and carry off the stele of Naram­Sin and Hammurabi, then re­erect them in their capital city of Susa. Why is this event significant? Answer: It demonstrated their political and military superiority as the leading power during this time.
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