Biotic Indices of the Littoral Benthic Community from the Bay of Quinte, Eastern Lake Ontario
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i Biotic Indices of the Littoral Benthic Community from the Bay of Quinte, eastern Lake Ontario R. Dermott 1 and A. Pachkevitch 2 1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Great Lakes Lab for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences PO Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Road Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 2 850 Sweetwater Crescent, Mississauga, ON L5H 4A8 2012 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2996 Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canada Canada ii Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. 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Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l’établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les rapports épuisés seront fournis contre rétribution par des agents commerciaux. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2996 2012 Biotic Indices of the Littoral Benthic Community from the Bay of Quinte, eastern Lake Ontario by Ron Dermott 1 and Alexei Pachkevitch 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences PO Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Road Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 ii © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2012. Cat. No Fs 97-4/2996 ISSN 0706-6473 Correct citation for this publication: Dermott, R. and Pachkevitch, A. 2012. Biotic indices of the littoral benthic community from the Bay of Quinte, eastern Lake Ontario. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2996: vi + 33 pp. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ iv RÉSUMÉ .................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 METHODS ................................................................................................. 2 TIME PERIODS .................................................................................... 2 SUCTION SAMPLING ON COBBLE .................................................... 3 BIOMAP AND IOWA BIOTIC INDEX CALCULATIONS ....................... 4 LAKE BIOTIC INDEX ........................................................................... 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................. 7 LITTORAL COMMUNITY ..................................................................... 7 LITTORAL INDICES ............................................................................. 8 LAKE BIOTIC INDEX ........................................................................... 9 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................... 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... 12 REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 13 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Benthic transect locations in the Bay of Quinte. ............................ 16 Figure 2. Location of Index sites and Transects used for the BioMAP, and French LBI calculations with data from 1966, 1990, and 2001. .............. 17 Figure 3. Comparative dry benthic biomass (g • m-2 shell-free) of the littoral community at Big Bay and Amherst Island (Bay of Quinte), and eastern Lake Erie sampled in July 1990. ............................................................. 18 Figure 4. Calculated BioMAP index values for the 1990 littoral community on rocky shores in the Bay of Quinte, including comparative values for southeast Georgian Bay and Hamilton Harbour...................................... 19 Figure 5. Typological plot of the littoral biotic index (Bl) and taxonomic deficit index (Df) used in the calculations for the Lake Biotic Index (Verneaux et al. 2004) from several transect surveys in the Bay of Quinte (Q), Batchawana Bay (+) (Lake Superior), and Hamilton Harbour (H).. ........................................................................................... 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Numbers/m2 and wet biomass + shells (mg/m2) of invertebrates in the Upper Bay of Quinte during 1988 at littoral shore sites (<1 m) and offshore Index sites. ................................................................................ 21 iv LIST OF TABLES con’t Table 2. Numbers/m2 and wet biomass + shells (mg/m2) of invertebrates in Big Bay (Bay of Quinte) during 1990 at a littoral shore site (1 m deep), and the offshore Index site...................................................................... 22 Table 3. Numbers/m2 and wet biomass + shells (mg/m2) of invertebrates in the Lower Bay of Quinte during 1990 at littoral shore sites (<1 m) and offshore Index sites. ......................................................................... 23 Table 4. Abundance of fluvial insects (Numbers/m2) and their wet biomass + shells (mg/m2) on the cobble at littoral shore sites in the Bay of Quinte, July 1988, and 1990. .................................................................. 24 Table 5. BioMAP and lOWATER MBI calculations for benthic littoral site LOT62_1 on bare bedrock at Point Petre, Lake Ontario, July 1990. ..... 25 Table 6. BioMAP and IOWATER MBI values for Bay of Quinte Littoral sites (< 2 m) in 1988, 1990, 2001................................................................... 26 Table 7a. Lake Biotic Index calculations on Bay of Quinte benthic data from 1966 Trenton littoral sites (2.0 m depth). ............................................... 27 Table 7b. Lake Biotic Index calculations for 1966 Trenton deep sites greater than 4 m depth....................................................................................... 28 Table 8. Lake Biotic Index values for areas in Bay of Quinte, Batchawana Bay (Lake Superior), Hamilton Harbour, and French lakes. .................. 29 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Bay of Quinte littoral benthic species list for 1990 with frequency of occurrence, BioMAP and IOWATER sensitivity values, and LBI biotic values.............................................................................. 30 v ABSTRACT Dermott, R. and Pachkevitch, A. 2012. Biotic indices of the littoral benthic community for the Bay of Quinte, eastern Lake Ontario. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2996: vi + 33 pp. The littoral benthic community was sampled on soft sediments at 2 m depth and on cobble at <1 m in both