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DBR Y W OREGON STATE The Distribution and Biology of the A. 15 Oregon Trichoptera PEE .1l(-.", DBR Y w OREGON STATE Technical Bulletin 134 AGRICULTURAL 11 EXPERIMENTI STATION Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon INovember 1976 FOREWORD There are four major groups of insectswhoseimmature stages are almost all aquatic: the caddisflies (Trichoptera), the dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), the mayflies (Ephemeroptera), and the stoneflies (Plecoptera). These groups are conspicuous and important elements in most freshwater habitats. There are about 7,000 described species of caddisflies known from the world, and about 1,200 of these are found in America north of Mexico. All play a significant ro'e in various aquatic ecosystems, some as carnivores and others as consumers of plant tissues. The latter group of species is an important converter of plant to animal biomass. Both groups provide food for fish, not only in larval but in pupal and adult stages as well. Experienced fishermen have long imitated these larvae and adults with a wide variety of flies and other artificial lures. It is not surprising, then, that the caddisflies have been studied in detail in many parts of the world, and Oregon, with its wide variety of aquatic habitats, is no exception. Any significant accumulation of these insects, including their various develop- mental stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) requires the combined efforts of many people. Some collect, some describe new species or various life stages, and others concentrate on studying and describing the habits of one or more species. Gradually, a body of information accumulates about a group of insects for a particular region, but this information is often widely scattered and much effort is required to synthesize and collate the knowledge. The author of this volume, Norman H. Anderson, is eminently qualified to per- form this time-consuming and demanding task. He joined the faculty of the De- partment of Entomology as an aquatic entomologist in 1962 and has spent most of his professional career working on aquatic insects, chiefly in Oregon, but also in England -a country with a long tradition of study of aquatic insects. Dr. Anderson, his collaborators, and his students, have collected and studied caddisflies throughout the state for many years, adding thousands of specimens and significant data to the body of knowledge on Oregon Trichoptera. This bulletin represents a summation of the know'edge of the Oregon fauna, a foundation upon which future work will be based. For Oregon, 16 families, 80 genera, and more than 280 species are recorded with data on distribution, seasonal occurrence, and known biology. In comparison, 174 species were reported from New York in 1926, 184 species from Illinois in 1944, 168 species from California in 1956, 164 species from North Carolina in 1971, 208 species from Wisconsin in 1973, 175 species from Kentucky in 1975, about 200 species from Alberta in 1971, and 191 species from Quebec in 1975. Thus, at least for the present, more species are known to occur in Oregon than in any other state or province. The great diversity of Oregon's aquatic habitats is at least partially re- sponsible for the large number of species. Many groups are cold adapted and find abundant suitable aquatic habitats in the state. Past geological events, and the dis- persal of the many groups, also have contributed to species diversity. In spite of the combined collecting efforts of dedicated entomo'ogists over many years, additional work remains to be done as the map showing numbers of species found in the various counties clearly indicates, Benton County is known to have 120 species. Several other counties (Lane and Douglas, for example) ultimately may be shown to have as many or more. The Benton County total, naturally, represents the efforts of many individuals associated with Oregon State University. While aquatic i habitats are not as varied or extensive in many eastern counties of the state, some interesting additions will reward the careful collector. Specimens may be sent either toDr.Anderson or to the Entomology Museum,Oregon State University, Corvallis. This volumeon the Trichopteraof Oregon is a welcome addition to the litera- ture on aquatic insects of North America.It will he a usefulcompanion to Stanley Jewett's 1959 work on the stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of the Pacific Northwest. Ento- mologists and fishery biologists are indebted to Dr. Anderson for a fine job. We look forward to additional volumes on other groups of aquatic insects of the Pacific Northwest. JOAND. LATTIN Entomology Museum Department of Entomology Oregon State University AUTHOR: N. H. Anderson is a professor of entomology, Oregon StateUniversity, Corvallis, Oregon. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: I am indebted to all of the persons who have helped with the collection and identification of the Oregon caddisflies, and those who have assisted in the compilation of this bulletin. As is indicated in the text, several Trichopterists have identified material for me. I am grateful to these specialists, par- ticularly to G. B. Wiggins and D. G. Denning, who have determined so many ship- ments from me. The records provided by S. G. Jewett and Kenneth Goeden are also acknowledged. thank Janet Wold, Barbara Mays Blanks, and Margaret Anderson for help in or- ganizing the records and in the literature search. Jon Speir assisted in compiling the final draft as well as doing all of the photography. In addition to support from the Entomology Department (Project 578, Oregon Agri- cultural Experiment Station), the field collecting and travel have been aided by grants from the USPH Service Biomedical Sciences Support Grant to Oregon State University, the P.N.R.C. Tussock Moth Monitoring Project, and the Oregon IBP project. I also acknowledge the Entomology Department Museum, the Oregon IBP project, and the Tussock Moth Monitoring Project for their financial support in manuscript preparation and publication costs. This is contribution No. 221 of the Coniferous Forest Biome, Ecosystem Analysis Studies, U.S./International Biological Program. ii Contents Introduction--------------------------------- .......... -.. _.......................----------- ------- 1 Systematics and Classification ---------------------------------------------------------. 5 Organization of Records and Material Examined.................................. 6 Climatic and Physiographic Features of Oregon---------------------------------- 9 Areas of Intensive Collections of Caddisflies------------------------------------------ 11 Distribution Records of the Species of Trichoptera in Oregon------------ 15 References Cited----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------143 Checklist of Oregon Trichoptera FAMILY RHYACOPHILIDAE__ 15 Angelita Group-------------------- 23 Subfamily Rhyacophilinae-------------- 16 angelita Banks 1911-------- 23 Himalopsyche Banks 1940---------- 18 perplana Ross & Spencer phryganea (Ross) 1941a-------- 16 1952------------------------------ 23 vuzana Milne 1936 -------- 113 Rhyacophila Pictet 1834 17 Vulgaris Division---------------------- 18 Sibirica Group ___________ 24 blarina Ross 1941a---------- 24 Rotunda Group-------------------- 18 colonus ------ norcuta Ross 1938b -------- 18 Schmid 1970 24 narvaeNavas 1926---------- tralala Schmid1970-------- 18 24 pellisa Ross 1938b---------- 25 Oreta Group------------------------ 18 unipunctataSchmid 197025 oreta Ross 1941a-------------- 18 valuma Milne 1936 -------- 25 vetina Milne 1936------------ 25 Viquaea Group----- ____--------- 19 viquaea Milne 1936-------- 19 VofixaGroup----------------------- 26 Vagrita Group---------------------- 19 iranda Ross 1938a------------ 26 vagrita Milne 1936---------- 19 velora Denning 1954a------ 26 Philopotamoides Division-------- 19 Betteni Group _--------------------26 Alberta Group 19 betteni Ling 1938------------26 kincaidiSchmid 1970 20 chilsia Denning 1950______ 26 tuculaRoss 1950a___-------- 20 fenderi Ross 1948a----------27 Hyalinata Group------------------ 20 malkini Ross 1947------------ 27 hyalinataBanks 1905------ 21 perda Ross 1938a------------ 27 vocalaMilne1936------------ 21 vaccua Milne 1936 ----------27 vedra Milne 1936------------ 28 Coloradensis Group------------ 21 willametta Ross 1950a____ 28 bifila Banks 1914------------ 22 insularisSchmid 1970____ 22 Verrula Group---------------------- 28 new species---------------------- 23 verrula Milne 1936----------28 iff Divaricata Division ------------------29 penitum Banks 1914 --------------39 Ecosa Group ------------------------29 pterna Ross 1947 --------------------40 ecosa Ross 1941a ------------29 pyroxum Ross 1941a ----------------40 schuhi Ross 1947 --------------------40 Vemna Group---------------------- 29 traviatum Banks 1936 --------------40 vemna Milne 1936---------- 29 velona Ross 1938a ------------------41 verdona Ross 1938a ----------------41 Acropedes Group---------------- 30 wenatcheeRoss & Spencer acropedesBanks 1914------ 30 1952 41 inculta Ross & Spencer -------------------------------------- 1952---------------------------- 30 FAMILY HYDROPTILIDAE ----41 vao Milne 1936 ----------------31 Subfamily Hydroptilinae ----------------43 wallowaDenning 1956a-- 31 Agraylea Curtis 1834 ------------------43 grandis Banks 1911 -------- 31 multipunctata Curtis 1834 ------43 saltesea Ross 1938a ----------------43 Naviculata Division---------------- 32 Lieftincki Group------------------ 32 HydroptilaDalman 1819 ------------43 arnaudiDenning 1948a --32 ajax Ross 1938a ------------------------
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