DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploratory Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Dengue Notifications in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon, 1999-2001†

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploratory Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Dengue Notifications in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon, 1999-2001† Exploratory Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Dengue Notifications in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon, 1999-2001† by Maria Goreti Rosa-Freitas*, Pantelis Tsouris**#, Alexander Sibajev***, Ellem Tatiani de Souza Weimann**, Alexandre Ubirajara Marques**, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira** and José Francisco Luitgards-Moura*** *Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil **Núcleo Avançado de Vetores – Convênio FIOCRUZ-UFRR BR 174 S/N - Boa Vista, RR, Brasil ***Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UFRR, BR 174 S/N - Boa Vista, RR, Brasil Abstract In Brazil, as in the rest of the world, dengue has become the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. Roraima state presented the highest dengue incidence coefficient in Brazil in the last few years (224.9 and 164.2 per 10,000 inhabitants in 2000 and 2001, respectively). The capital, Boa Vista, reports the highest number of dengue cases in Roraima. This study examined the temporal and spatial distribution of dengue in Boa Vista during the years 1999- 2001, based on daily notifications as recorded by local health authorities. Temporally, dengue notifications were analysed by weekly and monthly averages and age distribution and correlated to meteorological variables. Spatially, dengue coefficients, premises infestation indices, population density and income levels were allocated in a geographical information system using, Boa Vista 49 neighbourhoods as units. Dengue outbreaks displayed distinct year-to-year distribution patterns that were neither periodical nor significantly correlated to any meteorological variable. There were no preferences for age and sex. The derived maps showed that premises infestation indices, population density, income and dengue incidence were concentrated along a central horizontal east-west axis. Major risk areas of transmission during the three consecutive years were the central neighbourhoods. These neighbourhoods are of the highest income population in the city. Keywords: Dengue, spatial information, Roraima, Brazil. #For correspondence: [email protected] † This work was supported by the Brazilian Council for Science and Development-CNPq (521176/98-0), the Oswaldo Cruz Institute-FIOCRUZ and the Roraima Federal University-UFRR Dengue Bulletin – Vol 27, 2003 63 Dengue in Boa Vista, Roraima, 1999-2001 Introduction This study examines the temporal and spatial dengue notification data in Boa Vista, The state of Roraima is located in the Roraima, for the years 1999-2001, taking Amazon region at the border of Guyana and into account some meteorological, Venezuela. An outbreak with 12,000 dengue entomological and demographic factors. cases (incidence rate of 1,160/10,000 inhabitants) was registered in 1981-1982 in Boa Vista, Roraima(1,2). It was during this Materials and methods outbreak that dengue was diagnosed in Brazil by laboratory tests and isolated from Place of study human hosts and mosquito vectors for the 2 (3) Roraima has an area of 225,116 km and a first time . Currently, dengue is reported in population of 321,397(12). The rural all the 27 states in Brazil; 87% of these are population density is 1.4/km2, while the situated in the south-eastern and north- population density of its capital, Boa Vista, is (4) eastern regions . Even though these regions 26/km2 (38% of the state population)(12,13,14). report the largest number of cases, the Approximately 85% of the Roraima state is importance of Roraima is due to the fact that under forest, with the remaining 15% this state alone presented the country’s covered by savanna(15). The capital, Boa Vista highest coefficients of dengue incidence, i.e. (02049’11”N, 60040’24”W), with an area of 224.9 and 164.2 (per 10,000 inhabitants) for 122,000 km2, is located by the Branco river (4) the years 2000 and 2001, respectively . (Figure 1). Savanna is the predominant Dengue is also assumed to display a seasonal ecological environment in Boa Vista. The variation in Brazil, with the majority of the climate is tropical humid with an average cases occurring in the rainy season (February temperature of 27.80C (10-year average)(16) to May). However, in Boa Vista, it may peak and an average rainfall of 429 mm (4-year either in the rainy (April-November) or dry average)(16) with low annual variation. The (December-March) seasons. This reflects the climate presents two distinct seasons, a rainy fact that hosts, parasites, vectors and season between April and November, with environmental factors are all dynamic factors high rainfall indices during the months of that vary temporally and spatially in an June and July, and a dry season from (5,6,7) epidemiological system . December to March(17). The city has 49 neighbourhoods (bairros) (Law 483 of 9 Temporal changes in the environment December 1999). Formerly, these are driven mostly by meteorological variables neighbourhoods were 19 in number. The that determine the relationship between Census 2000 data, available at the IBGE hosts, parasites and vectors(8). Variables Internet site(12) contains old neighbourhoods. linked to the human population such as This re-division makes the comparison density and socioeconomic status have also between the old and new data difficult, since been considered important(9,10). Analyses and some new neighbourhoods encompassed projection of geographical data allow spatial the areas of old ones. Many streams visualization in relation to physical maps and (igarapés) and rivers cross the city. Most facilitate comparisons of longitudinal urban lakes were drained and land filled to investigations(11). avoid becoming mosquito breeding sites. 64 Dengue Bulletin – Vol 27, 2003 Dengue in Boa Vista, Roraima, 1999-2001 The main river is the Branco, which crosses are linked to the city water system and have the city in the north-westerly direction. routine trash collection(12). There are four Approximately 90% of the homes have general hospitals and 13 health units. sanitary installations (even though most of Around 69% of the population is literate. them are not linked to the sewage system), The average annual income is US$ 714(12). Figure 1. Brazil, Roraima and Boa Vista neighbourhoods Branco River BOA VISTA VENEZUELA RORAIMA GUYANA Amazon Boa Vista BRAZIL Dengue Bulletin – Vol 27, 2003 65 Dengue in Boa Vista, Roraima, 1999-2001 Dengue notifications Meteorological data Compulsory notification for dengue was Meteorological data registered daily for the started in 1996 in Boa Vista. The dengue period 1999-2001, rainfall(mm), data from 1982 to 1998 were not humidity(%), temperature(°C), wind comprehensive and were therefore excluded direction(°), wind velocity (knot) and from this study. From 1999 onwards dengue atmospheric pressure (hpa) were provided notifications were registered daily by both by the Boa Vista Air Force Base (June 1999 the municipal and state health secretariats data was based on monthly averages) (Secretaria do Estado de Saúde de Roraima- (Serviço Regional de Proteção ao Vôo de SESAU and Secretaria Municipal de Saúde- Manaus, Relatório Climatológico Diário, SEMSA). Our data refers to people reporting unpublished data). dengue-related symptoms such as high fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia and dizziness. Dengue notifications were analysed daily, Census data and weekly and monthly averages were The demographic data used in the analyses, calculated from these daily values. based on the census performed on 31 July/1 Epidemiological weeks were used for August 2000(12) were age, sex, population averaging (epidemiological weeks were and income. The population density and counted from Sunday to Saturday). Age and income were analysed according to sex of individuals reporting dengue were also neighbourhoods(14). analysed to establish their distribution throughout the period and in relation to the normal population curve. From the daily Spatial analyses notification reports, the following data were used: date, epidemiological week of report, Dengue coefficients, premises infestation age and neighbourhood of residence. Age indices, meteorological values and census was analysed in ranges to facilitate a data were integrated in the Geographical comparison with the age census data that Information System Arc View 3.2-based uses this format. software using Boa Vista map layers (Multispectral). Spatial analyses units were the 49 neighbourhoods of the capital, Boa Entomological data Vista. The dengue incidence per Premises infestation indices for Aedes aegypti neighbourhood (per 10,000 inhabitants) was were collected by FUNASA-RR. Indices were plotted using the dot tool (1 notification = 1 partial, available for the year 2001 and for a dot, spread by chance in the polygon area). certain number of neighbourhoods only. The premises infestation indices and average Aedes albopictus was not found in Boa Vista income per neighbourhood were plotted (FUNASA-RR, unpublished data). using the gradient tool. 66 Dengue Bulletin – Vol 27, 2003 Dengue in Boa Vista, Roraima, 1999-2001 Results meteorological values shifted four days backwards (time of report delay Temporal analyses corresponding to the average intrinsic incubation period) (data not shown). Daily analysis of dengue notifications is liable to error due to the unequal distribution of Table 1. Correlation between premises infestation, population density, income and dengue notifications. Notifications on meteorological variables and dengue weekends and holidays were minimal (Figure incidence for the period 1999-2001 in Boa 2). For that reason, dengue notifications Vista, Roraima, Brazil were analysed by weekly averages. Dengue outbreaks displayed distinct year-to-year Dengue incidence distribution patterns (Figure 3) that were Variable 1999 2000 2001 neither periodical nor significantly correlated to any meteorological variable (Figures 4 and Premises infestation - - -0.10 5) (Table 1). During the period of this study, Population density -0.01 0.28 0.14 the average wind velocity was 3.5 m/s. Income 0.40 0.44 0.40 Correlation between dengue and population density and income varied from -0.01 to 0.44 Rainfall 0.12 0.03 -0.18 (Table 2).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Roraima State Site Profiling. Boa Vista and Pacaraima, Roraima State
    Roraima State Site Profiling October 2018 Boa Vista and Pacaraima, Roraima State, Brazil Background and Methodology Sites overview Demographics In support of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), REACH Assessed sites: 8 53% male / 47% female 1+28+4+7+7 is conducting monthly assessments in managed sites in Roraima state, in order to assist 1+30+5+8+9 humanitarian planning and response. These factsheets present an overview of conditions in # of individuals: 3,872 1% 0ver 60 1% sites located in Boa Vista and Pacaraima towns in October 2018. A mixed methodology was Boa Vista: 3,444 used to gather information, with primary data collection conducted through direct observations Pacaraima: 428 30% 18 - 59 28% between 29 and 30 of October 2018 as well as 8 Key Informant (KI) interviews conducted with 5% 12 - 17 4% actors working on the sites. Further, secondary data provided by UNHCR KI and the Brazilian # of households: 1,527* Armed Forces were used to analyse selected key indicators. Given the dynamic situation in Avg household size: 3 8% 5 - 11 7% Boa Vista and Pacaraima, information should only be considered as relevant to the month of assessment using the most updated UNHCR data available as of the end of the month. Planned capacity: 4,172 9% 0 - 4 7% !(Pacaraima *Estimated by assuming an average household size, !( ¥Sites assessed in Boa Vista based on data from previous rounds in the same location. Boa Vista Cauamé Brazil Roraima State Cauamé União São Francisco Jardim Floresta ÔÆ Tancredo Neves Silvio Leite Nova Canaã ÔÆ ÔÆ Pintolândia São Vicente ÔÆ ÔÆ ÔÆ Centenário ÔÆ Rondon 1 Pintolândia Rondon 3 ¥Site assessed in Pacaraima Nova Cidade Venezuela Suapi Jardim Florestal Brazil Vila Nova Janokoida ÔÆ Das Orquídeas Vila Velha Ilzo Montenegro Da Balança ² ² km m 0 1,5 3 0 500 1.000 Fundo de População das Nações Unidas União Europeia Roraima site profiling October 2018 Jardim Floresta Boa Vista, Roraima State, Brazil Lat.
    [Show full text]
  • Um Estudo Sobre Amapá E Roraima
    ISSN 1415-4765 TEXTO PARA DISCUSSÃO NO 683 Federalismo, Repasses Federais e Crescimento Econômico: um Estudo sobre Amapá e Roraima Bruno de Oliveira Cruz Carlos Wagner de Albuquerque Oliveira Brasília, novembro de 1999 ISSN 1415-4765 TEXTO PARA DISCUSSÃO NO 683 Federalismo, Repasses Federais e Crescimento Econômico: um Estudo sobre Amapá e Roraima* Bruno de Oliveira Cruz** Carlos Wagner de Albuquerque Oliveira** Brasília, novembro de 1999 * Os autores agradecem a Mônica Mora, Antônio Carlos Galvão, Herton Araújo, Nelson Zackseski, Maria Cris- tina Macdowell, Luciana Mendes, Salvador Viana e Humberto Watson pelos comentários, sugestões e auxílio para o término desta pesquisa. ** Pesquisadores da Diretoria de Políticas Regionais e Urbanas do IPEA. MINISTÉRIO DO PLANEJAMENTO, ORÇAMENTO E GESTÃO Martus Tavares – Ministro Guilherme Dias – Secretário Executivo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Presidente Roberto Borges Martins DIRETORIA Eustáquio J. Reis Gustavo Maia Gomes Hubimaier Cantuária Santiago Luís Fernando Tironi Murilo Lôbo Ricardo Paes de Barros Fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão, o IPEA fornece suporte técnico e institucional às ações governamentais e torna disponíves, para a sociedade, elementos necessários ao conhecimento e à solução dos problemas econômicos e sociais do país. Inúmeras políticas públicas e programas de desenvolvimento brasileiro são formulados a partir dos estudos e pesquisas realizados pelas equipes de especialistas do IPEA. TEXTO PARA DISCUSSÃO tem o objetivo de divulgar resultados de estudos desenvolvidos direta ou indiretamente pelo IPEA, bem como trabalhos considerados de relevância para disseminação pelo Instituto, para informar profissionais especializados e colher sugestões. Tiragem: 115 exemplares COORDENAÇÃO DO EDITORIAL Brasília – DF: SBS Q. 1, Bl.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 the North- Lost in the Amazon
    BRAZIL Chapter 3 The North- Lost in the Amazon Have you ever heard about Amazon rainforest? Let us learn together! The equatorial North, also known as the Amazon or Amazônia, is Brazil's largest region with total landmass of 3,869,638 square kilometers, covering 45.3 percent of the national territory. Way too big and enormous!! It is also the least inhabited part of the country. 31 BRAZIL The region has the largest rainforest of the world and is called Amazon. The word Amazon refers to the women warriors who once fought in inter-tribe in ancient times in this region of today's North Region of Brazil. It is also the name of one of the major river that passes through Brazil and flows eastward into South Atlantic. This river is also the largest of the world in terms of water carried in it. There are also numerous other rivers in the area. It is one fifth of all the earth's fresh water reserves. There are two main Amazonian cities: Manaus, capital of the State of Amazonas, and Belém, capital of the State of Pará. 32 BRAZIL Over half of the Amazon rainforest( more than 60 per cent) is located in Brazil but it is also located in other South American countries including Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Bolivia, Suriname and French Guiana. The Amazon is home to around two and a half million different insect species as well as over 40000 plant species. There are also a number of dangerous species living in the Amazon rainforest such as the “Onça Pintada” (Brazilian Puma) and anaconda.
    [Show full text]
  • From Roraima, Brazil: Species Composition, Distribution, and New Records
    14 1 21 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 14 (1): 21–35 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.21 Freshwater shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Dendrobranchiata) from Roraima, Brazil: species composition, distribution, and new records Maria Aparecida Laurindo dos Santos,1 Patrícia Macedo de Castro,2, 3 Célio Magalhães4 1 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior. Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Roraima, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação. Rua Sete de Setembro, 231 - Canarinho, 69306-530, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. 3 Museu Integrado de Roraima/IACTI-RR. Av. Brigadeiro Eduardo Gomes, 2868 – Pq. Anauá, 69305-010, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. 4 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade. Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil Corresponding author: Célio Magalhães, [email protected] Abstract This work provides an update on the species composition and distribution of freshwater shrimps from the state of Roraima, Brazil, based on material deposited in the Brazilian collections of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus) and the Museu Integrado de Roraima (Boa Vista). A total of 12 species (1 Sergestidae, 3 Eury- rhynchidae, and 8 Palaemonidae) are listed, of which 7 (Acetes paraguayensis Hansen, 1919; Euryrhynchus ama- zoniensis Tiefenbacher, 1978; E. burchelli Calman, 1907; E. wrzesniowskii Miers, 1877; Palaemon yuna Carvalho, Magalhães & Mantelatto, 2014; Pseudopalaemon chryseus Kensley & Walker, 1982; and Ps. gouldingi Kensley & Walker, 1982) are recorded for the first time from the state of Roraima.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Protagonism in Roraima and Environment Guardianship Inside the São Marcos Indigenous Land
    http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v13i26.671 INDIGENOUS PROTAGONISM IN RORAIMA AND ENVIRONMENT GUARDIANSHIP INSIDE THE SÃO MARCOS INDIGENOUS LAND Serguei Aily Franco de Camargo Doctor of Aquaculture at the São Paulo State University of Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). Master of Resource Conservation and Management at the São Paulo State University of Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). Law Professor at Estácio Atual Faculty (Boa Vista, RR). Professor at the Post Graduation Program in Fishing Sciences in the Tropics at the Federal University of Amazonas. Email: [email protected] Edson Damas da Silveira Doctor of Economic and Social-environmental Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR). Master of Anthropology at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and of Economic and Social Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR). Law Professor at Estácio Atual Faculty in the Amazon. Professor of Indigenous Law in the Law Course at Cathedral Faculty in Boa Vista. Public Prosecutor at the Public Prosecution Office of the State of Roraima. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study about an environmental lawsuit proposed by an indigenous citizen and signed by an indigenous lawyer aiming at preserving the environment inside the Indigenous Land of São Marcos, near Pacaraima city seat, at the border of the Indigenous Community of Ouro Preto. The case is about the irregular disposal of solid waste by the city seat inside the indigenous land and within the limits of the community where the tuxaua author of lawsuit lives. The objective of the paper is to check whether the judicialization of this environmental claim resulted in the maturation of the indigenous movement pointed out by the exercise of the full protagonism in solving problems arising from the relationship with the Brazilian State.
    [Show full text]
  • FOOD ASSISTANCE FACT SHEET BRAZIL Updated April 20, 2020
    FOOD ASSISTANCE FACT SHEET BRAZIL Updated April 20, 2020 The ongoing political and economic crisis in Venezuela has driven more than five million Venezuelans to flee the country since 2014, including approximately 250,000 Venezuelans who are sheltering in Brazil. SITUATION • Deteriorating political and economic conditions in Venezuela— characterized by extreme hyperinflation and a severe lack of financial means to access food and medicine—have contributed to increasing humanitarian needs, triggering an influx of Venezuelans into Brazil, as well as other countries in the region. • As of November 2019, more than 250,000 Venezuelans—many of whom remain in need of food assistance—were sheltering in Brazil, according to the Regional Interagency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela (R4V). The population influx is straining the capacity of the Government of Brazil (GoB) to provide services in areas of the country bordering Venezuela, particularly in Roraima and Amazonas states. • In 2018, the GoB established a voluntary relocation program for Venezuelans intending to remain in Brazil. The GoB—with support from relief actors—facilitates the voluntary resettlement of Venezuelans from Amazonas and Roraima to other areas across Brazil FOOD FOR PEACE CONTRIBUTIONS to reduce the impact of population flows on the border regions and TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS PER FISCAL YEAR (FY) provide better socioeconomic opportunities for refugees and migrants. U.S. DOLLARS METRIC TONS* FY 2019 $5.8 million — FY 2018 $2.0 million — FY 2017 — — *Metric tonnage does not reflect funding for vouchers or cash transfers RESPONSE USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (FFP) partners with the Adventist Food Vouchers 85% Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) to provide food vouchers and locally procured food aid to approximately 21,450 vulnerable Venezuelans and host community members sheltering in Amaz onas, Local, Regional, and International Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Roraima states.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A List of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) from Brazil
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México García Aldrete, Alfonso N.; Mockford, Edward L. A list of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) from Brazil Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 80, núm. 3, 2009, pp. 665-673 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42515996009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80: 665- 673, 2009 A list of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) from Brazil Listado de Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) de Brasil Alfonso N. García Aldrete1* and Edward L. Mockford 2 1Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico. 2Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4120, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120, USA. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. The species of Psocoptera currently known for Brazil are listed, with state distribution and biogeographic status. The categories of geographic distribution are discussed, as well as some of the evidence indicating that the present size of the Brazilian fauna is underestimated. Key words: Psocodea, Psocoptera, Brazil, geographic distribution. Resumen. Se listan las especies de Psocoptera actualmente registradas en Brasil, incluyendo la distribución por estado y su categoría biogeográfi ca. Se presenta alguna de la evidencia que hace suponer que el tamaño actual de la fauna de Psocoptera de Brasil está subestimada.
    [Show full text]
  • Goiás Pode Ser Dividido. Roraima E Amapá, Promovidos
    Goiás pode ser dividido. WBs Roraima e Amapá, promovidos. /6- th%$ A Comissão de Sistematizarão da Cons­ lhida pelo executivo federal, sendo que o Ficou prejudicada emenda de autoria tituinte aprovou ontem a criação de mais presidente da República deve também no­ do deputado Paulo Roberto (PMDB-PA), três Estados no País. Por 82. votos contra mear, até 30 dias após o resultado favorável que criava o Estado do Tapajós, unificando cinco e com cinco abstenções, aprovou do plebiscito, o governador pro témpore pa­ onze municípios do Pará. Seu autor susten­ emenda dos deputados goianos Siqueira ra um mandato "tampão" que vai coincidir tou que não haveria prejuízos para a União, Campos (PDC) e José Freire (PMDB), crian­ com o final do mandato dos governadores pois a região já tem infra-estrutura, mas o do o Estado de Tocantins, a ser desmembra­ estaduais em 1990. A Assembléia Consti­ senador Aluísio Chaves (PFL-PA) discursou do de Goiás; e por 90 votos contra apenas tuinte Estadual — com oito deputados fede­ contra a.iniciativa, argumentando que a re­ dois aprovou a emenda do deputado Moza- rais e três senadores — será eleita a 15 de gião não tem condições de se manter econo­ rildo Cavalcanti (PFL-RR) transformando novembro de 1968. Será esta Assembléia a micamente. Outra das emendas prejudica­ os territórios de Roraima e Amapá em Esta­ definir a capital definitiva. das é de autoria do deputado Chico Hum­ dos e estabelecendo que sua instalação se berto (PDT-MG) criando o Estado do Triân­ dará com a posse dos governadores, a serem A única emenda política apreciada on­ gulo, desmembrando o Triângulo Mineiro eleitos em 15 de novembro de 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economy of Roraima and the Venezuelan Flow: Evidence and Subsidies for Public Policies
    THE ECONOMY OF RORAIMA AND THE VENEZUELAN FLOW: EVIDENCE AND SUBSIDIES FOR PUBLIC POLICIES The Brazilian state of Roraima is at the forefront of the country's efforts to manage the influx of Venezuelan refugees and migrants that started in 2013. Between 2013 and 2019, over 260,000 Venezuelans have applied for refugee or residency status in Brazil, with the vast majority entering through Roraima. The state is receiving help from federal authorities, UNHCR and civil society partners in managing its response to the influx and providing humanitarian assistance to the arrivals. A major initiative, the Interiorizacao voluntary relocation programme, has relocated more than 25,000 Venezuelans from Roraima to other Brazilian cities where there are more opportunities for social and economic integration. Driven by the need for data-backed analysis to inform interventions and the overall debate on the influx's impact on Roraima's society and economy, researchers – from Brazil's Department of Public Policy Analysis of Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV DAPP), the International Migration Observatory (OBMigra) and the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) – analysed official socioeconomic data and interviewed key actors managing the state's economy and its response to the inflow. They found that Roraima registered positive economic growth and diversification during the period of intense Venezuelan flow. Unemployment and poverty, on the other hand, rose during this time. This and other main findings and recommendations of their study are presented in this summary. DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES The Venezuelan population in Roraima is mostly of Figure 1 of report. Population Pyramid of Roraima (2019) working age (15-64 years old), creating a visible change in Males Age range Females Roraima's population pyramid (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Activities Targeting Indigenous Population
    MAY/JUNE | 2021 REPORT INDIGENOUS POPULATION ACTIVITIES REPORT FOR THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION © ACNUR / FELIPE IRNALDO The May/June edition of The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) report on indigenous refugees and migrants in Brazil updates the registration data and population profile, in addition to the actions developed by UNHCR in these months. POPULATION PROFILE UPDATE REGISTRATION HISTORY 5900 5880 5799 5700 5512 5500 5300 5100 5020 5042 5055 5050 4981 4996 4900 May/2020 June/2020 July/2020 August/2020 September/2020 October/2020 February/2021 April/2021 June/2021 REGISTERED ON PROGRES: Indigenous peopleDISAGGREGATION registered in ProGres BY LEGAL STATUS 1% 1% 4% E’ÑEPA 49% 38% Other legal status KARIÑA Asylum seekers PEMON WARAO TOTAL: 27% WAYÚU 67% 100% 13% Refugees TOTAL: 100% 1 ACNUR | AGÊNCIA DA ONU PARA REFUGIADOS DISAGGREGATION BY SEX/AGE 00-04 05-11 12-17 18-24 25-49 50-59 60+ MALE 7% 10% 7% 7% 15% 2% 2% FEMALE 7% 9% 6% 7% 15% 3% 2% © ACNUR/FELIPE IRNALDO © ACNUR/FELIPE WORLD REFUGEE DAY: A NECESSARY LOOK AT INDIGENOUS PEOPLES With a historic record number of people being forced to abandon their homes globally, totaling more than 82.4 million people, World Refugee Day calls for a reduction in the conflicts that these flows of refugees may generate, as well as efforts to protect these groups in the midst of the COVID-19 pande- mic. For indigenous populations, the impacts of displacement are doubled, not only because of their relationship with the territory in which spiritual and survival practices are developed, but also because of the violation of human rights in their communities of origin, facing several additional challenges in the processes of seeking international protection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Context of REDD+ in Brazil Drivers, Agents and Institutions
    OCCASIONAL PAPER The context of REDD+ in Brazil Drivers, agents and institutions Second edition Peter H. May Brent Millikan Maria Fernanda Gebara OCCASIONAL PAPER 55 The context of REDD+ in Brazil Drivers, agents and institutions Second edition Peter H. May Brent Millikan Maria Fernanda Gebara Occasional Paper 55 © 2011 Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved Printed in Indonesia ISBN 978-602-8693-28-8 May, P.H., Millikan, B. and Gebara, M.F. 2011 The context of REDD+ in Brazil: Drivers, agents and institutions. Occasional paper 55. 2nd edition. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Cover photo by Luke Perry CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.org Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors’ institutions or the financial sponsors of this paper. Contents Abbreviations v Executive summary viii Resumo executivo x 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Current forest cover and historical overview of forest cover change 3 1.2. Review of the main drivers of forest cover change 7 1.3. Mitigation potential 16 2 Forests, land use trends and drivers of deforestation and degradation 3 2.1. Governance in the forest margins 19 2.2. Decentralisation and benefit sharing 25 2.3. Tenure issues 26 3 Institutional environment and distributional aspects 19 3.1. Political-economic context of drivers of deforestation and degradation 33 4 The political economy of deforestation and degradation 33 4.1. Broader climate change policy context 37 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil Amapá Initiative News from the Field
    Brazil Amapá Initiative News from the Field August 2015 Conservation International Supporting Communication Network to Better Manage Protected Areas Communication is a crucial means of conveying specific information to a target audience. By informing and empowering people of things like the state’s politics, plans, programs, and projects, we can achieve results and have an impact. It is therefore important to keep a record of the state government’s activities and make these public. We are currently formulating a communication strategy related to the environmental policies of the Amapá State government. Our aim is to make the various issues of the protected areas explicit in state environmental policy so that the protected areas can be better managed. Let’s look at the activities we have undertaken to help create a communication strategy and environmental policy for Amapá State. Seminar of the Guiana Shield Protected Areas (SAPEG) The Guiana Shield in the northern part of South America covers five countries: Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and part of Venezuela. In Brazil, the Guiana Shield covers part of the states of Amazonas and Pará, and the states of Roraima and Amapá. This area is covered by preserved native forests, boasts rich biodiversity, and is home to many endemic species. Map showing the main areas of endemism in the Guiana Shield (yellow lines). In red are those areas suffering from increasing deforestation (Map: Luis Barbosa, CI-Brazil) Amapá State has 10 million hectares of protected area. SAPEG is a seminar for discussing the present and future of land management in Amapá State. SAPEG was held on July 2 and 3, 2015 and was attended by representatives of the protected areas, the state government, and NGOs.
    [Show full text]