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Vom Seelengefährt Zum Glorienleib    Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib Verena Lobsien Bernd Roling Lutz Bergemann Bettina Bohle (eds.) BERLIN STUDIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD , das bereits von Platon und zuvor von Parmenides konzipiert wurde, ist für die philosophische Selbstverständigung von der Antike bis in die frühe Au lärung und darüber hinaus die moderne Esoterik von zentraler Bedeutung. Sein veranschaulichendes Potenzial reicht von der Erkundung der Möglichkeiten der Kommunikation zwischen eigentlich klar voneinander geschiedenen ontologischen Räumen – dem des Unsto ich- Göttlichen einerseits und dem des Sto ich-Irdischen bzw. menschlich Seelischen andererseits – bis hin zu natur philosophischen Entwürfen zur Erklärung des Phänomens der Elektrizität. Immer wieder wurde es von so unterschiedlichen Denkern wie z. B. Plutarch, Bernardus Silvestris, Kepler, Suarez oder Christian Wolf herangezogen, um das Problem der Einwirkung des Intelligiblen und Göttlichen auf die menschliche Seele oder die irdische Natur zu erklären. Es motivierte Dichter wie Traherne oder Donne zu literarischen Insze- nierungen sympathetisch-aitherischer Leiblichkeit und deren eschatologischen Implikationen. Diesem zentralen und spannungsvollen Themenspek- trum in seiner historischen wie thematischen Konti- nuität nähern sich die Autor*innen dieses Bandes aus interdisziplinär verschränkter Perspektive, die zudem eine innovative, künstlerische Auseinandersetzung mit den verschiedenen Aspekten des Licht(-leib)es umfasst. berlin studies of 57 the ancient world berlin studies of the ancient world · 57 edited by topoi excellence cluster Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib formen aitherischer leiblichkeit herausgegeben von Verena Lobsien, Bernd Roling, Lutz Bergemann, Bettina Bohle Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2018 Edition Topoi / Exzellenzcluster Topoi der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Abbildung Umschlag: Papus: Le tarot divinatoire. Clef du tirage des cartes et des sorts. Dessins de Gabriel Goulinat. Paris: Librairie Hermetique, 1909, Taf. 7. Typographisches Konzept und Einbandgestaltung: Stephan Fiedler Printed and distributed by PRO BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH, Berlin ISBN 978-3-9818369-5-0 ISSN (Print) 2366-6641 ISSN (Online) 2366-665X DOI 10.17171/3-57 First published 2018 Published under Creative Commons Licence CC BY-NC 3.0 DE. Images with attached copyright notices mark third party content and are not available for use under the CC license terms. www.edition-topoi.org INHALT lutz bergemann, bernd roling und bettina bohle Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib. Imaginationsräume aitherischer Leiblichkeit. Einleitung — 7 christoph helmig Zur Vorgeschichte der Theorie des Seelenwagens zwischen Platon und den Neuplatonikern — 21 bettina bohle ochema und zoe. Zum Verhältnis von Philosophie und Theurgie bei Proklos in Bezug auf das pneumatische ochema — 31 anne eusterschulte Glorienleib und anima phantastica. Neuplatonische Voraussetzungen christlicher Konzepte pneumatischer Leiblichkeit im Blick auf die lateinische Frühscholastik — 59 cornelia selent Zwischen Intelligibilität und Sensibilität: Naturphilosophische Grundlagenforschung im 12. Jahrhundert — 105 thomas leinkauf Der Seelenwagen als quadriga rationalis bei Marsilio Ficino — 139 sascha salatowsky Keplers Seelenlehre zwischen Physik und Theologie — 163 bernd roling Licht von innen. Die Debatte um den Glorienleib in der Jesuitentheologie. Francesco Suárez, Adam Tanner und Rodrigo Arriaga — 207 lutz bergemann Theurgie, Imagination und aitherischer Seelenleib: Aspekte visionärer, ritueller Dichtung bei Henry More? — 237 verena olejniczak lobsien Poesie des Seelenleibs. Versionen ,ochematischer‘ Leiblichkeit in der englischen Dichtung des 17. Jahrhunderts (Traherne, Donne, Crashaw) — 267 hanns-peter neumann Zum Konzept der flüssigen Materie um 1750 am Beispiel Christian Wolffs — 299 lena gätjens und bettina bohle unter mitarbeit von lutz bergemann und bernd roling Licht und Seelenleib. Künstlerisches Forschen im Rahmen dreier Installationen für den Workshop Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib — 319 Lutz Bergemann, Bernd Roling und Bettina Bohle Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib. Imaginationsräume aitherischer Leiblichkeit. Einleitung Zusammenfassung Platons Verwendung des ochema als Seelenwagen hat die weitere Begriffsgeschichte nach- haltig geprägt. Zentral dabei sind die ontologisch gleichsam liminale (Pseudo-)Stofflichkeit des Seelengefährts in ihren unterschiedlichen Feinheitsgraden und seine Funktionen, die in diversen metaphysischen, naturphilosophischen, epistemologischen und theologisch- soteriologischen Kontexten ausführlich diskutiert werden. Diese Debatten werden in den Texten des vorliegenden Sammelbandes aus vielen Perspektiven – u. a. Gräzistik, Mittella- teinischer Philologie, Anglistik, Philosophie und Philosophiegeschichte sowie Lichtkunst / künstlerischer Forschung – aufgenommen und in ihren genuin differierenden Verwen- dungszusammenhängen, aber auch in ihren von der Antike bis in die Frühaufklärung (und darüber hinaus) reichenden Kontinuitäten interdisziplinär reflektiert. Keywords: ochema; Seelenvehikel; Seelenwagen; Feinstofflichkeit; Mittelstellung der Seele Plato’s use of the term ochema as a vehicle for the soul has had lasting influence on the later tradition. A key component in connection with this concept is the quasi-liminal (pseudo-) materiality of the vehicle in its different degrees of fineness and its functions which were dis- cussed widely in various contexts, e.g., in metaphysics, natural philosophy, epistemology, theology, in the latter especially in soteriological discourses. These debates and their con- tinituity from Antiquity to early enlightenment (and further) are the focus of the present volume and are, in their specific shape, investigated from different perspectives, Classics, Medieval and English philology, philosophy and history of philosophy as well as light art / artistic research. Keywords: ochema; vehicle of the soul; middle position of soul; degrees of materiality Verena Lobsien, Bernd Roling, Lutz Bergemann, Bettina Bohle (Hrsg.) | Vom Seelengefährt zum Glorienleib | Berlin Studies of the Ancient World 57 (ISBN 978-3-9818369-5-0; DOI 10.17171/3-57) | www.edition-topoi.org 7 lutz bergemann, bernd roling und bettina bohle Von oben herunter also, nachdem sie von den Ganzheiten her ihren Anfang genommen hat, geht die Austeilung der Güter der Sonne durch das Licht hin- ab bis zu den Teilhaften [d. h. den irdisch-stofflichen Dingen], und wenn man, ausgehend vom Sichtbaren [dem Stofflichen] das Unsichtbare [das Immateri- elle und Intelligible] sagen sollte, dann erhellt [Helios] den Kosmos in seiner Ganzheit und macht das Körperhafte göttlich [und macht es zu etwas], dasin seiner Ganzheit durch und durch mit Leben erfüllt ist, er führt aber auch die Seelen durch sein reines Licht empor und gibt ihnen eine reine, nach oben füh- rende Kraft ein und lenkt durch seine Strahlen den Kosmos und erfüllt aberdie Seelen mit feurigen Früchten. (Procl., In Tim. III, 82, 4–12) Proklos’ Text aus dessen Timaios-Kommentar umfasst exemplarisch die inhaltlich zentra- len antik-spätantiken Referenzpunkte, die in den Texten des vorliegenden Sammelban- des aus vielen Perspektiven – u. a. der Gräzistik, der Mittellateinischen Philologie, der Anglistik, der Philosophie und Philosophiegeschichte sowie der Lichtkunst/künstleri- schen Forschung – immer wieder aufgenommen und in ihren genuin differierenden Verwendungszusammen hängen,aber auch in ihren von der Antike bis in die Frühauf- klärung (und darüber hinaus) reichenden Kontinuitäten interdisziplinär reflektiert wer- den. Denn Proklos’ Darstellung führt uns mitten hinein in ein zentrales Thema, das die antike, die spätantike, die mittelalterliche und die frühneuzeitliche Philosophie, Theo- logie und die religiöse und literarische Praxis dieser Zeiträume immer wieder, gerade auch in Bezug auf entscheidende Punkte der Selbst- und Weltdeutung beschäftigt hat: Die lichthafte Kraft des Göttlichen und Intelligiblen (das „ganze Licht“,von dem inFrg. 59 [ed. Majercik] der Chaldäischen Orakel die Rede ist) erfüllt und durchdringt zugleich gestaltend und lebenspendend sowohl die stoffliche Welt als auch die verschiedenen Aspekte der menschlichen Seele. Damit sind klar die beiden Bereiche markiert, in die die Erklärungsmodelle einge- bunden werden, die mit dem Konzept des aitherischen Seelenleibes die verschiedenen Epochen hindurch verbunden sind: Zum einen sind es immer wieder naturphilosophi- sche und welterklärende Zusammenhänge, zum anderen handelt es sich um seelische, religiöse und soteriologische Kontexte, in denen das multifunktionale Konzept des fein- stofflichen Seelenleibs argumentatorisch in Gebrauch genommen wird. Diese vielfältige Verwendung des Konzepts des Seelenleibs bzw. der mit diesem Konzept verbundenen Denkfiguren wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass, korrespondierend zum aitherischen Seelenleib, das göttliche und intelligible ‚Licht‘ die Immanenz des Göttlichen in der Welt, bei gleichzeitiger Wahrung von dessen Transzendenz, bezeich- net. D. h. dieses ‚Licht‘ und dessen Aufnahmemedium, der Aither, bilden zusammen die anagogisch-soteriologische Wirkung des Intelligiblen auf die stofflichen Aspekte 8 einleitung der Welt und die – entsprechend vorbereitete und gereinigte – menschliche Seele ab.1 Diese
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