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A Companion to Luis De Molina Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition

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A Companion to Luis De Molina Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition A Companion to Luis de Molina Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 50 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Luis de Molina Edited by Matthias Kaufmann & Alexander Aichele LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Cover illustration: Atelier Kaufmann, Erlangen, based on a letter by Luis de Molina. Letter of Luis de Molina to P. Stevan de Hogeda, to be found on http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/ carta-del-p-luis-de-molina-al-p-stevan-de-hogeda/, edited by Atelier Kaufmann, Burgbergstr. 57, 91054 Erlangen. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Luis de Molina / edited by Matthias Kaufmann & Alexander Aichele. pages cm. — (Brill’s companions to the Christian tradition, ISSN 1871-6377 ; VOLUME 50) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-22823-8 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26218-8 (e-book) 1. Molina, Luis de, 1535–1600. I. Kaufmann, Matthias, 1955– editor of compilation. BX4705.M598C66 1013 189’.4—dc23 2013037418 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-22823-8 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-26218-8 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS About the Authors .......................................................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................................................... xiii Alexander Aichele and Matthias Kaufmann PART ONE FREEDOM OF WILL AND GOD’S PROVIDENCE The Real Possibility of Freedom: Luis de Molina’s Theory of Absolute Willpower in Concordia I ................................................... 3 Alexander Aichele I. Freedom ................................................................................................ 4 II. Will ......................................................................................................... 7 III. Will’s Power ......................................................................................... 13 IV. Real Possibility of Absolute Freedom .......................................... 29 V. Existence of Freedom ....................................................................... 52 Divine Foreknowledge of Future Contingents and Necessity ........... 55 Petr Dvorak I. A Broader Perspective on Foreknowledge: Divine Causation .............................................................................................. 55 II. The Ground of Foreknowledge ...................................................... 60 III. The Implication of Necessity .......................................................... 81 Predestination as Transcendent Teleology: Molina and the First Molinism ....................................................................................................... 89 Juan Cruz Cruz I. Teleological Presuppositions .......................................................... 89 II. Predestination and Human Freedom .......................................... 98 vi contents PART TWO A RIGHTS-BASED THEORY OF LAW Rights and dominium ..................................................................................... 125 Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp I. Introduction ......................................................................................... 125 II. The Historical Context ..................................................................... 127 III. Right and dominium in Luis de Molina’s De iustitia et iure .................................................................................................... 132 IV. Approaching Justice and Right ...................................................... 133 V. Approaching dominium .................................................................... 139 VI. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 152 Luis de Molina on Law and Power ............................................................ 155 Annabel Brett I. Introduction: Molina on Justice .................................................... 155 II. Section 1: Power .................................................................................. 164 III. Section 2: Law ..................................................................................... 174 Slavery between Law, Morality, and Economy ...................................... 183 Matthias Kaufmann Introductory Remarks ............................................................................... 183 I. Slavery in the Late 16th Century ................................................... 184 II. Justifications of Slavery and the Titles of “Just” Enslavement ........................................................................................ 190 III. How the Portuguese Slave Trade Developed—and in Which Cases Enslavement Was Just ............................................ 201 IV. Molina’s Moral Evaluation of Slavery .......................................... 207 V. On the Right Treatment of Slaves and the Rights of Slaves ..................................................................................................... 215 VI. On the Road to Abolitionism? ....................................................... 222 Luis de Molina: On War ................................................................................ 227 João Manuel A.A. Fernandes I. Introduction: Origin and Content of Molina’s Theory of War ......................................................................................................... 227 II. Cases of Conscience .......................................................................... 229 contents vii III. The Ethics for the Violent Multitude ........................................ 235 IV. The Treatment of Innocents ........................................................ 236 V. The War Against the Whole Humanity and the Position of the Catholic Church .................................................................. 239 VI. War as Change in the Order of Property ................................. 244 VII. The Legitimacy of War .................................................................. 246 VIII. The Problem of Just War and Just War on Both Sides ........ 250 IX. Decriminalizing of Warfare and Economic Profit ................ 253 X. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 255 The Economic Thought of Luis de Molina ............................................. 257 Rudolf Schüssler I. The Genre “De iustitia et iure” .................................................... 260 II. Property .............................................................................................. 265 III. The Just Price ................................................................................... 269 IV. Money and Exchange ..................................................................... 272 V. Usury ................................................................................................... 276 VI. Liberalism .......................................................................................... 283 VII. Molina’s Impact on Scholastic Economic Thought .............. 285 VIII. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 287 PART THREE MOLINA’S MEDIEVAL SOURCES AND THE FOLLOWING DEBATES IN MODERN TIMES Molina and Aquinas ....................................................................................... 291 Romanus Cessario Introduction ................................................................................................ 291 I. Historical Settings ........................................................................... 292 II. Religious Formation ....................................................................... 295 III. The Jesuits ......................................................................................... 297 IV. Contemplation and Action .......................................................... 301 V. Eclectic Thomist .............................................................................. 306 VI. Molina’s Views ................................................................................. 309 VII. Spirituality of Freedom ................................................................. 316 Conclusion ..................................................................................................
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